BIBLIOGRAPHY PAYAPAY, MARJORIE P. APRIL...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PAYAPAY, MARJORIE P. APRIL 2013. Response of Alstroemeria to different
kinds and rates of slow release fertilizers. Benguet State University, La Trinidad Benguet.
Adviser: Araceli G. Ladilad, PhD.
ABSTRACT
The response of alstroemeria to different kinds and rates of slow release fertilizer
was evaluated under greenhouse condition to determine the growth, flowering, and yield
of alstroemeria as affected by slow release fertilizer application, to determine the effect of
different kinds and rates of slow release fertilizer on the growth and flowering of
alstroemeria, and to determine the economics of using the different slow release fertilizer
treatments in alstroemeria cutflower production. This study was conducted at Ornamental
Horticulture Research Area, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Benguet
State University, La Trinidad Benguet from September 2012 to January 2013.
Result showed that the two varieties of alstroemeria performed similarly in terms
of the number of flowers produced per plant, number of days from planting to flower bud
formation, number of days from planting to 100% anthesis, and number of days from
planting to 50% anthesis. However the varieties performed differently in terms of the
number of cutflower stems produced per plant. The Cv. Nadya performed better than
shakira and had higher number of laterals per plant at flowering, had taller plants measured
at flowering, and highest number of cutflower stems per plant.
Response of Alstroemeria to different kinds and rates of slow release fertilizers |
PAYAPAY, MARJORIE P. APRIL 2013
Plants applied with 15g/m2 Osmocote (14-14-14) promoted higher number of
laterals per plant produced, taller plants with higher number of cutflower stems per plant
at flowering than the other treatments that led to higher ROI.
Response of Alstroemeria to different kinds and rates of slow release fertilizers |
PAYAPAY, MARJORIE P. APRIL 2013
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Final Height at Flowering (cm)
Effect of variety There were highly significant differences on the effect of the two
alsroemeria varieties on the final height at flowering. Plants of Cv. nadya were taller at
flowering with the mean of 75.55 cm while plants of Cv. Shaker were shorter with plants
measured at 63.89 cm.
Effect of rate of fertilizer application. There were significant differences on the final
height at flowering as affected by the different rates of slow release fertilizers applied.
Among the treated plants however, those applied with 15g/m2 of Osmocote (14-14-14)
fertilizer were the tallest measuring 79.06 cm at flowering. This was followed by those
applied with 10g/m2 with the mean of 71.55 cm and those applied with 5g/m2 with a mean
of 65.39 cm. The untreated plants were the shortest which measured only 62.39 cm at
flowering.
Interaction effect. The combined effects of the two varieties and the different rates
of fertilizer application had significantly affected the final height at flowering. Results
show that plants of Cv. Nadya treated with15g/m2 were noted to be the tallest at flowering.
Plants of Cv. Shakira were significantly shorter plants indicating that the fertilizers applied
did not significantly enhance the growth of the alstroemeria variety.
Response of Alstroemeria to different kinds and rates of slow release fertilizers |
PAYAPAY, MARJORIE P. APRIL 2013
Table 1. Final height at flowering
TREATMENT
MEAN (cm)
Variety
Shakira
63.89b
Nadya
75.55a
Rate of Application (g/m2)
0
62.89b
5
65.39b
10
71.55ab
15
79.06a
CV (%)
10.99
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Response of Alstroemeria to different kinds and rates of slow release fertilizers |
PAYAPAY, MARJORIE P. APRIL 2013
90
m)
80
(c
70
ring
60
50
v1
t flowe
40
a
30
v2
ight
20
10
inal he
0
F
0
5
10
15
Rate of application g/m2
Figure 1. Interaction of variety and rate of application on the final height at flowering of
alstroemeria
Number of Laterals Produced Per Plant at Flowering
Effect of variety. Highly significant differences were noted on the final number of
laterals per plant at flowering of the two alstroemeria varieties (Table 2).Cv. Nadya
produced the higher final number of laterals per plant at flowering with a mean of 17.69,
while Cv.Shakira had fewer laterals with a mean of 13.69 per plant at flowering.
Effect of rate of fertilizer application. Table 2 shows significant differences were
found on the number of laterals as affected by rate of fertilizer application. Plants treated
with 15g/m2 of Osmocote (14-14-14) produced more laterals per plant at flowering with a
mean of 20.11 followed by those applied into 5g/m2 which had a mean of 16.05 and those
applied with 10g/m2 with a mean of 14.83 laterals. The untreated plants produced the
lowest number of laterals per plant at flowering with only 11.76 laterals.
Response of Alstroemeria to different kinds and rates of slow release fertilizers |
PAYAPAY, MARJORIE P. APRIL 2013
Interaction effect. There were no significant interaction effects between the two
alstroemeria varieties and the different rates of slow release fertilizer application on the
final number of laterals per plant at flowering in alstroemeria.
Number of Flowers Produced Per Plant
Effect of variety. There were no significant differences observed on the number of
flowers produced per plant as affected by the alstroemeria variety. Flower development in
both varieties Nadya and Shakira had only slight differences which ranged from 5.05 to
5.08 flowers per plant.
Table 2. Final number of laterals per plant at flowering
TREATMENT
MEAN
Variety
Shakira
13.69b
Nadya
17.69a
Rate of Application (g/m2)
0
11.76b
5
16.05ab
10
14.83b
15
20.11a
CV (%)
22.92
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Response of Alstroemeria to different kinds and rates of slow release fertilizers |
PAYAPAY, MARJORIE P. APRIL 2013
Effect of rate of fertilizer application. Highly significant differences were however
obtained on the number of flowers produced per plant at flowering as affected by the
different rates of slow release fertilizer application. Results show that there were more
flowers produced in plants applied with the higher rate 15g/m2 a mean of 6.00 flowers per
plant. This was followed by the untreated plants which measured with a mean of 4.89
flowers. Those applied with 10g/m2 had the lower flower counting of 4.83, while plants
applied with 5g/m2 had the least number of flowers with only 4.55 flowers per plant.
Interaction effect. There were no significant interaction effects of the two varieties
and the different rates of fertilizer application on the number of flowers produced per plant
at flowering (Table3).
Table 3. Number of flowers produced per plant
TREATMENT
MEAN
Variety
Shakira
5.05
Nadya
5.08
Rate of Application (g/m2)
0
4.89b
5
4.55b
10
4.83b
15
6.00a
CV (%)
10.25
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Response of Alstroemeria to different kinds and rates of slow release fertilizers |
PAYAPAY, MARJORIE P. APRIL 2013
Number of Days from Transplanting to Flower Bud Formation (0.5 cm)
Effect of variety. There were no significant differences observed on the number of
days from planting to flower bud formation as affected by the alstroemeria variety. Flower
bud formation in both varities Nadya and Shakira had only slight differences. Flowering
ranged from 102.33 to 112.19 days from transplanting (Table 4).
Effect of rate of fertilizer application. Likewise, there were no significant
differences observed on the number of days from planting to flower bud formation as
affected by different rates of fertilizer application.
Interaction effect. The combined effects of the varieties and rates of fertilizer
application on the number of days from planting to flower bud formation in alstroemeria
were not significant.
Table 4 .Number of days from planting to flower bud formation
TREATMENT
MEAN
Variety
(Days)
Shakira
102.33
Nadya
112.19
Rate of Application (g/m2)
0
103.22
5
108.55
10
111.22
15
106.05
CV (%)
13.68
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Response of Alstroemeria to different kinds and rates of slow release fertilizers |
PAYAPAY, MARJORIE P. APRIL 2013
Number of Days from Planting to Full Bloom Stage (100% anthesis)
Effect of variety. There were no significant differences observed on the number of
days from planting to 100% anthesis as affected by the alstroemeria variety. Flower
development in both varieties Nadya and Shakira had only slight differences which ranged
from123.44 to127.58 days (Table 5).
Effect of rate of fertilizer application. Likewise, there were no significant
differences observed on the number of days from planting to 100% anthesis as affected by
the different rates of slow release fertilizers applied (Table 5).
Interaction effect. There was no significant interaction effects between the different
rates of slow release fertilizer application and the two alstroemeria varieties on the number
of days from planting to 100% anthesis.
Table 5. Number of days from planting to 100% anthesis
TREATMENT
MEAN
Variety
(Days)
Shakira
125.47
Nadya
130.08
Rate of Application g/m2
0
127.00
5
129.39
10
125.39
15
129.33
CV (%)
9.11
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Response of Alstroemeria to different kinds and rates of slow release fertilizers |
PAYAPAY, MARJORIE P. APRIL 2013
Number of Days from Transplanting to 50% anthesis
Effect of variety. Statistically, There were no significant differences observed on
the number of days from transplanting to 50% anthesis as affected by the two alstroemeria
varieties used in the study (Table 6).
Effect of rate of fertilizer application. Likewise, There were no significant
differences obtained among the different rates of fertilizer application on the number of
days from planting to 50% anthesis (Table 6).
Interaction effect. There was no significant interaction effects observed between
the two alstroemeria varieties and the different rates of slow release fertilizer application
on the number of days from planting to 50% anthesis.
Table 6. Number of days from planting to 50% anthesis
TREATMENT
MEAN
Variety
(Days)
Shakira
123.44
Nadya
127.58
Rate of Application (g/m2)
0
125.33
5
126.83
10
122.50
15
127.39
CV (%)
9.33
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Response of Alstroemeria to different kinds and rates of slow release fertilizers |
PAYAPAY, MARJORIE P. APRIL 2013
Effect of variety. Significant differences were obtained on the number of cutflower
stems produced per plant. Plants of Cv. Nadya had the highest number of cutflower stems
per plant producing a mean of 2.05 while plants of Cv. Shakira produced only a mean of
1.66 cutflowers per plant for the cropping period.
Effect of rate of fertilizer application. Results show that there were highly
significant differences on the effects of the rates of slow release fertilizer application on
the number of cutflowers produced per plant. It was also noted that plants applied with
fertilizers produce higher number of cutflower stems compared to the plants that were not
applied with fertilizers.
Table 7. Number of cutflowers produced per plant
TREATMENT
MEAN
Variety
Shakira
1.66b
Nadya
2.05a
Rate of Application (g/m2)
0
1.28b
5
2.00a
10
2.00a
15
2.16a
CV (%)
20.09
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level DMRT
Response of Alstroemeria to different kinds and rates of slow release fertilizers |
PAYAPAY, MARJORIE P. APRIL 2013
Interaction effect. There were no significant interactions effects between the two
alstroemeria varieties and the different rates of slow release fertilizer application applied
in alstroemeria on the number of cutflowers produced per plant.
Table 8 shows the soil analysis before and after the study. The pH increased slightly
from 6.94 to 7.2 before and after the study, respectively, on the other hand, organic matter
remain the same, phosphorous increased from125 to 185 ppm,and potassium also increased
from 628 to748 ppm.
Table 8. Soil Analysis
pH
OM(%)
P, ppm
K, ppm
Initial
6.94
2.0
125
628
Final
7.52
2.0
185
748
Cost and Return Analysis
Table 9 shows that the Return on Investment (ROI) of alstroemeria plants applied
with different rates of slow release fertilizer were observed. The plants applied with 15g/m2
of slow release fertilizer had more cutflowers produced which led a highest return on
investment (ROI) of 56.66% which ranked number 1 while the other rates of slow release
fertilizers artributed to low percent of (ROI).
Response of Alstroemeria to different kinds and rates of slow release fertilizers |
PAYAPAY, MARJORIE P. APRIL 2013
Table 9. Cost and return analysis
TREATMENT YIELD GROSS SALES EXPENSES NET INCOME ROI RANK
(doz) (PhP) (PhP) ( PhP) (%)
Cv. Shakira
0
6
150
143.33
6.67
4.65 8
5 g/m2
7
175
151.33
23.17
15.26 5
10 g/m2
7
175
160.33
14.67
9.15 7
15 g/m2
8
200
168.33
31.17
18.46 4
Cv. Nadya
0
6
150
135.00
15
11.11 6
5 g/m2
8
200
143.50
56.50
39.37 3
10 g/m2
9
225
152.00
73
48.03 2
15g/m2
10
250
160.50
89.50
55.76 1
Note: Selling Price was PhP 25.00/doz
Expenses include the land preparation, plant cost, cost of slow release fertilizer,
care and management includes weeding and watering.
Occurrence of Insect Pests and Diseases During the Cropping Period
Table 10 shows the occurrence of insect pest and diseases observed during the
conduct of the study. Insect pest that infest the plants during the vegetative growth
flowering stages were green aphids and spotted beetles while the diseases noted were
wilting and yellowing of the plants and stunted growth.
Table 10. Occurrence of insect pests during the cropping period
INSECT PEST
RATING INDEX
DESCRIPTION
Green Aphids
2
Slight infestation
Spotted Beetle
2
Slight infestation
Response of Alstroemeria to different kinds and rates of slow release fertilizers |
PAYAPAY, MARJORIE P. APRIL 2013
Rating Index
Description
1
No infestation
2
Slight 1-10% plants infected
3
Moderate 11-25% plants infected
Table 11. Occurrence of diseases
DISEASES
RATING INDEX
DESCRIPTION
Fusarium wilt
2
Slight infestation
(yellowing/ browning of leaves)
Verticillium wilt
2
Slight infestation
Root Rot
2
Slight infestation
(Stunted growth)
`
Rating Index
Description
1
No infestation
2
Slight 1-10% plants infected
3
Moderate 11-25% plants infected
Response of Alstroemeria to different kinds and rates of slow release fertilizers |
PAYAPAY, MARJORIE P. APRIL 2013
Meteorological data
The air temperature during the study period ranged from13.1 to23.7oc while relative
humidity ranged from 83 to 98%. Temperature and relative humidity during the conduct of
the study were observed to be not suitable for alstroemeria production.
A very little rainfall of 21 mm was recorded from September 2012 to January 2013.
The sunshine duration in the month of September to January was low at 253.3 to 360
minutes per day that has significantly delayed the flowering of alstroemeria plants.
Table 11. Meteorological data
MONTH TEMPERATURE(OC) RH (%) RAINFALL BRIGHT SUNSHINE
MIN MAX
AMT. (MM) (MIN)
September 17.5 22.4 87.1 9.2 253.3
October 15.1 22.2 83 21 347.7
November 13.1 19.9 80 1.33 329
December 13.2 20.6 84 0.1 377.7
January
18.8 23.7 98 0.5 360
Response of Alstroemeria to different kinds and rates of slow release fertilizers |
PAYAPAY, MARJORIE P. APRIL 2013
Figure 1. Overview of the experimental plants at flowering
Response of Alstroemeria to different kinds and rates of slow release fertilizers |
PAYAPAY, MARJORIE P. APRIL 2013
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
This study was conducted at the Ornamental Horticulture Research Project Area of
the Benguet State University La Trinidad Benguet from September 2012 to January 2013
to evaluate the growth flowering yield of alstroemeria as affected by slow release fertilizer
application, to determine the effect of different kinds and rates of slow release fertilizer on
the growth and flowering of alstroemeria, and to determine the economics of using slow
release fertilizer treatments in alstroemeria cutflower production.
Results show that there were no significant interaction effects between the varieties
and rates of fertilizer application on the number of days from planting to 100% anthesis,
number of days from planting to 50% anthesis, number of flowers produced per plant,
number of days from planting to flower bud formation, final number of laterals per plant
at flowering and number of cutflower stems per plant in alstroemeria. However, Cv. Nadya
had higher differences were counted number of laterals per plant at flowering, had the
longest cutflower stems at flowering and significantly produced more number of cut flower
stems per plant. On the other hand, on the effect of the different rates of fertilizer
application. Application of 15g/m2 promoted the production of significantly higher number
of flowers and the number of cutflower stems per plant. It has likewise; Significantly
affected the number of laterals per plant at flowering and the final height at flowering.
Response of Alstroemeria to different kinds and rates of slow release fertilizers |
PAYAPAY, MARJORIE P. APRIL 2013
Conclusion
Based from the results obtained, it is therefore concluded, that the use of osmocote
(14-14-14) in alstroemeria cutflowers production applied at the rate of 15g/m2 led to the
production of desirable growth and quality of alstroemeria plant.
Recommendation
Based from the above findings, it is recommended that slow release fertilizer at the
rate of 15g/m2 osmocote should be applied to improve the vegetative growth and
development and increase cutflower stem of the two varieties grown.
Response of Alstroemeria to different kinds and rates of slow release fertilizers |
PAYAPAY, MARJORIE P. APRIL 2013
LITERATURE CITED
BALCO, G, R. 1986. Non-metallic materials. Fertilizer Res. PCARD, Los Baños Laguna.
P. 76
BUCU, G.S. 1991. Kinds and Sources of Organic Materials. Golden Root Newsletter Pp.
1,2,9.
BUYAO, M.C. 1994. Integrated use of organic and inorganic N fertilizer for the cultivation
of
white potato. BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 4-5.
HARTMAN, A.T. and D.E. KESTER. 1975. Plant Propagation Principles and Practices.
Prentice Hall of India Private Limited. New Delhi, India. Pp. 208-211.
LADILAD, A.G. 1996. A Manual on Chrysanthemum Production in the highlands. DOST-
CAR, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 1-5.
LEGODIO, M. B. 2000. Response of Everlasting (
Hellychrysum brateatum) to Different
Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizer. (Unpub.) BS Thesis, Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 7, 8.
MANG-OSAN, J.B. 1996. Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Growth and
Flowering of English Daisy. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet. P. 5
MARCELINO, B.C. 1995. Effect of Different Organic Matters on the Growth yield of
NCT-8 Japonica rice variety. (Unpub) B.S. Thesis. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet. P. 5.
OTCULAN, J, C. 2005. Rooting Enhancement of Carnation CV. Red Indio shoot tip
cuttings. BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad Benguet. P. 1.
RODRIQUES, S.B. 1981. Effect of Different Kinds and Rates of Organic Fertilizers on
the Growth and Yield of Sugar Beets. (Unpub) BS Thesis. Mountain State
Agricultural College. La Trinidad, Benguet.
SOLIDO, R. E. 1974. Some Important Information about Organic Matter and Farm Management.
RSS Marketing Enterprise. Manila. P. 143
TORIO, J.M. 2000. Effect of different rates of inorganic fertilizer snapdragon. BS Thesis.
BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 18-20.
WELLS, J.S. 1964. Plant Propagation Practices. New York, The McMillan Company. Pp.
81-97.
Response of Alstroemeria to different kinds and rates of slow release fertilizers |
PAYAPAY, MARJORIE P. APRIL 2013