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BIBLIOGRAPHY MARIANO, LOIDA O....


BIBLIOGRAPHY

MARIANO, LOIDA O. APRIL 2013. Performance of Spoon Cabbage (Brassica
chinensis L.) as Affected by Different Concentration of Azolla Tea. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet.


Adviser: Darwin A. Basquial, MSc.

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted at the Pomology Experimental Area, Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet from December 2012 to February 2013 to evaluate the
effect of different concentrations and to recommend the best concentrations of azolla tea
on the growth and yield of spoon cabbage and economics of its usage on the crop.

Results showed that different concentrations of azolla tea had no marked effect on
the performance of spoon cabbage in terms of leaf length, average weight and total yield.
In terms of return on investment, application of 14-14-14 and urea at a rate of 358g and
22g, respectively, per 5m2plot produced the highest return on investment at 199.87% or
PhP 2.00 for every peso invested in the production with the selling price of PhP 100.00 per
kilogram after harvesting.

Based on the results of the study, the farmers’ practice of applying 358 g 14-14-14
plus 22 g urea per 5m2 plot for spoon cabbage is still recommended.


Performance of Spoon Cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) as Affected by Different
Concentration of Azolla Tea | MARIANO, LOIDA O. APRIL 2013


RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS


Leaf Length

The leaf length of spoon cabbage is presented in table 1. There were no significant
differences in leaf length among the spoon cabbage applied with the different treatments.
However, the plants applied with 358g 14-14-14 + 22g urea/m2 had longer leaves while
plants applied with pure azolla tea had shorter leaves.


Table 1. Leaf length (cm) of spoon cabbage as affected by different concentrations of

azolla tea

CONCENTRATION OF






MEAN
AZOLLA TEA (%)






(cm)
Water only






20.42
Farmers’ practice (358g 14-14-14 + 22g urea/m2)



21.89
25%






20.69
50%






20.60
75%






21.64
100%






20.04

Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT


Number of Fully Expanded Leaves

Table 2 shows that there were no significant differences in the number of fully
expanded leaves as affected by the different fertilizer treatments. However, the plants
applied with 358g 14-14-14 +22g/m2 urea had higher number of fully expanded leaves
while plants with no fertilizer had the lower number of fully expanded leaves.




Performance of Spoon Cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) as Affected by Different
Concentration of Azolla Tea | MARIANO, LOIDA O. APRIL 2013


Table 2. Number of fully expanded leaves of spoon cabbage as affected by different
concentrations of azolla tea

CONCENTRATION OF






MEAN
AZOLLA TEA (%)
Water only






7.33
Farmers’ practice (358g 14-14-14 + 22g urea/m2)



9.00
25%






8.07
50%






8.30
75%






8.00
100%






8.20

Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT


Average Weight

Statistical analysis shows no significant differences in the average weight of
individual plant. However, plants applied with 358g 14-14-14 plus 22g urea/m2 had the
heaviest bunch. On the other hand, plants applied with 100% azolla tea (pure). The
application of azolla tea at different concentrations did not enhanced heavier weight of
individual plant.


Total, Marketable, Non-marketable and Computed Yield

Table 4 shows that there were no significant differences in the total, marketable,
non-marketable and computed yield per plot from the different treatments studied.
However, the spoon cabbage plants applied with pure azolla tea had the lowest total,
marketable, non-marketable and computed yield per plot while those applied with farmers’
practice had the highest total, marketable, non-marketable and computed yield per plot.


Performance of Spoon Cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) as Affected by Different
Concentration of Azolla Tea | MARIANO, LOIDA O. APRIL 2013


Table 3. Average weight (g/bunch) of spoon cabbage as affected by different
concentrations of azolla tea concentrations of azolla tea

CONCENTRATION OF






MEAN
AZOLLA TEA (%)






(g/bunch)
Water only






80.39
Farmers’ practice (358g 14-14-14 + 22g urea/m2)



99.87
25%






83.54
50%






93.56
75%






86.67
100%






79.68

Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT


Table 4.Total, marketable, non-marketable and computed yield of spoon cabbage as
affected by different concentrations of azolla tea

CONCENTRATION


YIELD (kg/1 x 5m plot)
COMPUTED
OF AZOLLA TEA (%) TOTAL MARKETABLE NONMARKETABLE (t/ha)
YIELD
Water only 10.50 9.25 1.25 21.00
Farmer’s practice 11.85 10.60 1.25 23.83
25 10.45 9.05 1.40 20.90
50% 11.32 9.00 2.32 22.43
75% 10.72 9.32 1.40 21.4
100% 9.72 8.77 0.95 19.43
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT








Performance of Spoon Cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) as Affected by Different
Concentration of Azolla Tea | MARIANO, LOIDA O. APRIL 2013


Severity of Insect Pest and Disease Infection

As shown in Table 5, there were no significant differences among the treatments.
It appeared that 10-25% of the foliage of the plants treated with 25% azolla tea had the
highest percentage of flea beetle infestation. On the other hand, plants treated with 358g
14-14-14 plus 22g urea had the lowest percentage wherein less 10-25% of the foliage was
infested by cutworm and infected by alternaria leaf spot.


Initial and Final Soil Analysis

Table 6 shows the soil pH, organic matter, potassium and phosphorus of the
experimental area before planting.


Table 5. Severity of insect pest and disease infection of spoon cabbage as affected by
different concentrations of azolla tea

CONCENTRATION OF
FLEA BEETLE CUTWORM ALTERNARIA
AZOLLA TEA (%) INFESTATION INFESTATION LEAF SPOT









INFECTION
Water only 2.67 2.00 2.00

Farmer’s practice 2.33

1.67

1.67
25% 3.33 2.00
2.00
50% 3.00

2.00

2.33
75% 2.67

2.00
2.33
100% 2.33

2.00
2.33

Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT

Rating Scale:
1
No pest
2
Less than 10% of the foliage affected
3
10-25% of the foliage affected
4
26-50% of the foliage affected
5
51-75% of the foliage affected
6
76% and above of the foliage affected

Performance of Spoon Cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) as Affected by Different
Concentration of Azolla Tea | MARIANO, LOIDA O. APRIL 2013


Table 6. Soil Analysis of the experimental area before planting and after harvesting the
Spoon cabbage as affected by the different concentrations of azolla tea by the
Department of Agriculture, Baguio Soils Laboratory




SOIL
Organic
PhosphorusPotassium





pH

matter (%)
(P,ppm) (K,ppm)
Before planting 5.90 2.0 88 426
After harvesting 6.81 2.0 142 480


Return on Investment

As shown in Table 7, the highest return on investment (ROI) was derived from
spoon cabbage production applied 358 g 14-14-14 plus 22 g urea per 5m2 plot or PhP 2.00
for every peso invested in the production with the selling price of PhP 100.00. The lowest
ROI was noted from spoon cabbage production applied with 100% azolla tea at 145.45%.


Table 7. Return on Investment of Spoon Cabbage as affected by different concentrations
of azolla tea
Items



T1
T2
T3


T4
T5
T6

Marketable yield (1 x 5 m plot) 27.75 31.8 27.15
27.0 27.95 26.30
Farm inputs:
1. Seed cost

17.47 17.47 17.47
17.47 17.47 17.47
2. Seedling tray

260.0 260.0
260.0
260.0 260.0 260.0
3. Potting mix 21.67 21.67 21.67
26.67 26.67 26.67
4. Fertilizers:
a) Urea - 9.9 -
- - -
Performance of Spoon Cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) as Affected by Different
Concentration of Azolla Tea | MARIANO, LOIDA O. APRIL 2013


b) 14-14-14 - 9.24 -
- - -
c) Chicken dung - -
- - -
5. Organicide (mukosako) 2.61 2.61 2.61
2.61 2.61 2.61
6. Others:
a) muscuvado - - 22.25
22.25 22.25 22.25
b) drum 116.92 116.92 116.92
116.92 116.92 116.92
Farm Labor
1. Land preparation

125.0 125.0 125.0
125.0 125.0 125.0
2. Media preparation on trays 1.56 1.56 1.56
1.56 1.56 1.56
3. Planting of seeds on trays 3.47 3.47 3.47
3.47 3.47 3.47
4. Seedling transplanting 21.17 21.17 21.17
21.17 21.17 21.17
5. Irrigation for seedling 2.92 2.92 2.92
2.92 2.92 2.92
6. Irrigation 4.56 4.56 4.56
4.56 4.56 4.56
7. Weeding 78.13 78.13 78.13
78.13 78.13 78.13
18
8. Hilling-up 41.67 41.67 14.67
41.67 41.67 41.67
9. Azolla application - - 23.44
23.44 23.44 23.44
10. Organicide application 129.65 129.65 129.65
129.65 129.65 129.65
11. Harvesting 140.63 140.63 140.63
140.63 140.63 140.63
Gross income 2775.00 3180.00 2715.00
2700.00 2795.00 2630.00
Total expenses 1022.28 1060.47 1072.37
1072.22 1073.17 1071.52
Performance of Spoon Cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) as Affected by Different
Concentration of Azolla Tea | MARIANO, LOIDA O. APRIL 2013


Net Income 1752.72 2119.53 1642.63
1627.78 1721.83 1558.48
ROI (%) 171.45 199.87 153.18
151.81 160.44 145.45
Rank 2 1 4
5 3 6
Note: Selling price is PhP 100.00 per kilogram.
Legend:
T1-Water only
T2- 358g 14-14-14 + 22g urea/m2
T3- 25% azolla tea
T4-50% azolla tea
T5-75% azolla tea
T6-100% azolla tea
19
Performance of Spoon Cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) as Affected by Different
Concentration of Azolla Tea | MARIANO, LOIDA O. APRIL 2013


SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION


Summary
The study was conducted at the Pomology Experimental Area, Benguet State
University from December 2012 to February 2013 to evaluate the performance of spoon
cabbage as affected by different concentrations of azolla tea; recommend the best
concentrations of azolla tea on the growth and yield of spoon cabbage; and determine the
cost and return analysis of using azolla tea in spoon cabbage production.
Results revealed no significant effect on the different concentrations of azolla tea
in spoon cabbage production.


Conclusions

Based from the results of the study, application of the different concentrations of
azolla tea does not have marked effects on the performance of spoon cabbage. On the other
hand, application of 14-14-14 and urea at a rate of 358g and 22g, respectively, per 5m2 plot
will produce a return on investment at 199.87%.


Recommendation
Based from the above findings, the farmers’ practice of applying 358g 14-14-14
plus 22g urea per 5m2 plot for spoon cabbage is recommended, since it produced the highest
return on investment.






Performance of Spoon Cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) as Affected by Different
Concentration of Azolla Tea | MARIANO, LOIDA O. APRIL 2013


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Performance of Spoon Cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) as Affected by Different
Concentration of Azolla Tea | MARIANO, LOIDA O. APRIL 2013



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Performance of Spoon Cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) as Affected by Different
Concentration of Azolla Tea | MARIANO, LOIDA O. APRIL 2013