BIBLIOGRAPHY BANARIO, ANALYN ANTONIO....

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BANARIO, ANALYN ANTONIO. APRIL 2010. Performance of Benguet lily
(Lilium philippinensis) Using Different Bulb Sizes as Planting Material. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet
Adviser: Araceli G. Ladilad, PhD.
ABSTRACT

The performance of four different bulb sizes of Benguet lily (Lilium
philippinensis) were evaluated based on their growth, reproductive and cutflower
quality; to determine the best bulb size as planting material suitable for Benguet lily
production; and to evaluate the effect of different bulb size, as planting material on the
growth characteristics of Benguet lily.

Results show that the number of leaves per plant at flowering and number of days
from flower bud formation to tight bud stage were comparable in all different sizes of
bulbs grown and evaluated. However, plants grown from 1 cm bud sizes were the tallest
plants, having the longest flower buds, produced the longest cutflower stems and the
biggest flowers at 50% anthesis. Plants grown from 2 cm bulb sizes produced the thickest
stems at flowering. While lilies grown from 4 cm bulb sizes were the earliest to form
flower buds and to flower. Bulbs with 1 cm size is therefore recommended for better
cutflower quality and 4 cm bulb size for earlier flowering.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography……………………………………………………………......
i
Abstract……………………………………………………………………. i
Table of Contents…………………………………………………………..
ii

INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………….
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE………………………………………………
3
The Plant……………………………………………………………
3
Propagation of Lilies……………………………………………… 4
Planting Material………………………………………………….. 5
Planting…………………………………………………………….
5
Effect of Bulb Size…………………………………………………
6
Meristem Diameter………………………………………………..
6
Vegetative Growth .......................................................................... 6
MATERIALS AND METHODS………………………………………….. 7
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………………………….... 9
Final Height at Tight Bud Stage ……………………………………. . 9
Final Height at Flowering…………………………………………..... 9
Stem Diameter at Flowering………………………………………..... 10
Number of Leaves per Plant
at Flowering……………………………..………………………........ 10

Days from Planting to Flower
Bud Formation……………………………………………………….. 11

Length of Flower Bud
at Bud Stage…………………………………. ………………………. 12

ii

Days from Planting to Flowering…………………………………….. 14
Number of Days from Flower Bud
Formation to Tight Bud Stage………………………………………. 14

Stem Length at harvest……………………………………………… 15
Flower Size…………………………………………………………... 17
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary……………………………………………………………… 19
Conclusion……………………………………………………………. 19
Recommendation……………………………………………………... 20
LITERATURE CITED……………………………………………………..
21
APPENDICES……………………………………………………………....
23

iii

INTRODUCTION

In the Cordillera, an indigenous lily known as Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis
L.) is an endemic lily that grows in the mountain slopes of the Cordillera. This was
named by an American pioneer during the World War II who first cultivated it and saw it
as a potential cutflower (Cimatu, 2000). The plant grows predominantly in Mountain
Province, Benguet Province and other areas of the Cordillera.
Benguet lily belongs to the family Liliceae that are hardy perennials. These can be
propagated through seeds, bulblets and can be transplanted in its young age. The bulb is
dormant for several months naturally grows during rainy season from June to August and
then becomes dormant of the following year.

Most plants will die, get lost or will revert to less desirable forms unless they are
propagated under controlled conditions that will preserve the unique characteristics of the
plant that makes them useful (Hartmann et al., 1986).

Benguet lily can be propagated through tissue culture but due to the lack of skilled
personnel and the materials needed; seeds can be a substitute in its mass propagation
which can be easily adopted by growers. However, the most popular propagating material
for growing this crop is through the use of bulbs. Studies in the effect of different
planting materials in growing this delicate flower are not yet available; hence this study
was conceived to determine the most appropriate planting materials for Benguet lily
production.

The objectives of the study were to establish the effect of different bulb size, as
planting material on the growth characteristics of Benguet lily; and to determine the best
bulb size as planting materials suitable for Benguet lily production.
Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

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The study was conducted at the Ornamental Horticultural Research Area, Benguet
State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. from July 2009 to February 2010.

Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

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REVIEW OF LITERATURE

The Plant

Lilies are very delicate plants with lovely bell like flowers and grow in a wide range
of soil types, varying climate, altitudes and shades. Some lilies grow only in the highlands
like Benguet Lily (Asuncion et al., 1976).

Lilies are one of the top ten popular flowers in the world. It ranks 5th in the Holland
and 6th in Japan in 1988 and 1993, respectively. Japan is importing 25% of their 11 million
flower requirements in 1993. Locally, the market demand is markedly increasing
particularly with the newly introduced lilies (Hermano, 2000).

The species of the genus Lilium are classified botanically into seven sections
(Comber, 1944 as cited by Collicut and Ronald, 1996), while the various types as cultivated
lilies are divided into nine horticultural divisions (Anonymous, 1964) cultivars of the
Aurelian and Oriental Horticultural Division constitute a large portion of the cultivated
lilies. Aurelian hybrids are considered quite a reliable plant for Northern gardens, however,
most oriental lilies are the late flowering types and fail to mature in the Northern zones
(Collicut and Ronald, 1996).

There are numerous species of the genus Lilium that were mixed. Through
hybridization and become highly hybrids. These hybrids are called Asiatic and Oriental
hybrids. The other species that are popular are the longiforum and speciosum hybrids. The
morphology of claimed indigenous lily and lost Easter lily of the Cordillera closely
resemble longiforum sp. (Hermano, 2000). Lilium longiforum has large trumpet-shaped
flowers, while the Asiatic hybrids are characterized as open often upward facing with
Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

4
bright colors and jaunty profiles. The oriental hybrids are described as with much large
blooms which are flamboyant than the Asiatic (Ampaguey et al., 2003).

The distinguishing characteristic of Benguet Lily is that it has only two waxy
flowers, 12-18 cm (Asuncion et. al., 1976). Olarte (2001) also identified the plants as
branchless, bulbous herbs about 70 cm tall, having big showy flowers with lobes and very
narrow leaves.

Benguet lily thrives well in well-drained, loam soil at altitudes of 300 to 1000 m
above sea level and grows in isolated, even unreachable areas. This lily is mostly found in
the pine regions of Benguet and spotted on the steep ridges of the Halsema highway, a
major road linking Benguet to the other Cordillera municipalities (Cimatu, 2000).

Propagation of Lilies

Lilies are propagated through seeds, bulbs, bulbils, bulb scales and tissue culture.
Seed propagation is used for the multiplication of species and new cultivars. The seeds of
different lily species have different germination requirement (Hartmann et al., 1986). Many
species are often increased by means of seeds which germinate in two types the epigeal and
hypogeal germination (Petrova, 1975). For most commercially important species and
hybrids like L. tigrinom, L. amabile, L. concolor, L. longiforum, Aurelian hybrids, mid
century hybrids and others, the germination, shoots generally emerge three to six weeks
after planting at moderately high temperature (Hartmann et al., 2002).
Planting Materials

The most important method of propagating lilies is by seed. Since the earliest days
of the RHS Lily Group some fifty years ago, seed has been advocated as a primary method
of raising lilies. Seed is more readily available, easily transportable, the great added
Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

5
advantage is that lily seed is not known to carry the virus disease of its parents. Seed
produces a new and original being, so that where it is desired to maintain a particular
quality (Fox, 1985).

Non-tunicate (scaly) bulbs are represented by the lily. These bulbs do not possess
the enveloping dry covering. The scales are separate and attached to the basal plate. In
general, non-tunicate bulbs are easily damaged and must be handled more carefully and
must be kept continuously moist because they are injured by drying (Hartmann et al.,
2002). The size and quality of the flower are directly related to the size of the bulb. A bulb
must reach a certain minimum size to be capable of initiating flower primordial.
Commercial value is largely base on bulb size.

Underground stem bulblets are used to propagate the lily and other some lily
species. Flowering of the lily occurs in early summer. Bulblets form and increase in size
throughout summer (Hermano, 2000).

Planting

Bulbs for greenhouse culture or forcing are normally graded into size groups as
larger bulbs produce more flowers and flowers slightly earlier than smaller bulbs, an
important consideration if uniform is desired (Rimando, 2001).

The bulbs should be planted 18-15 cm deep in flats, pots, greenhouse beds or in the
field. Shallow planting can reduce the time to grow faster in a vegetative stage and
flowering by up to five days. Spacing depend on the method of culture and the cultivar but
are usually 10-15 cm apart in rows 45-90 cm apart in the field, one bulb per 15 cm pot or
12x10 cm in greenhouse beds or flats (Bird, 1991).

Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

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Effect of Bulb Size

Bulbs are available in a range of sizes. Generally, the larger the bulb, the more
leaves and flowers will be formed on the plant, and the taller it will be (Blaney et al. (1965;
Langhans and Smith (1966) as cited by Miller, 1992). The author also added that larger
bulbs tend to flower faster than smaller ones. Generally, growers use large bulbs 8 inches
or larger to produce the highest quality crops. Since larger bulbs produce taller plants with
more leaves, they should be given slightly more space than smaller bulbs for maximum
cutflower quality.

Meristem Diameter

Larger bulbs have larger apical meristems, and this is probably the main reason for
increased flower numbers (De Hertogh et al., 1976 as cited by Miller, 1992). Also, it has
long been known that the rate of leaf initiation and unfolding is positively correlated to
apex diameter. Using an 8-9 inch bulb will have about a 15% decrease or increase in leaf
unfolding rate.

Vegetative Growth

Hartmann et al., (2002) stated that an individual bulb goes through a characteristics
cycle of development, beginning with its initiation as a meristem and terminating in
flowering and seed production. This general developmental cycle is composed of two
stages; vegetative and reproductive. In the vegetative stage, the bulblet grows to flowering
size and attains its maximum weight.

He further stated that, vegetative stage begins with the initiation of the bulblet on
the basal plate in the axil of a bulb scale.
Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

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MATERIALS AND METHODS

The materials used in the study were Benguet lily bulbs, mountain soil,
polyethylene bags (10cm x 8cm), foot rule and labeling materials. The study was arranged
in simple Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replicates and 3 samples
per treatment.
The treatments were as follows:

Treatment

P1 – Bulb 1, with 1 cm, diameter (1-1.9 cm)

P2 – Bulb 2, with 2 cm, diameter (2-2.9 cm)

P3 – Bulb 3, with 3 cm, diameter (3-3.9 cm)

P4 – Bulb 4, with 4 cm, diameter (4-4.9 cm)

Planting. Bulbs of Benguet lily with initial shoots are planted or grown in plastic
pots measuring 15 cm in diameter.

Growing media. The soil that was used is obtained from the places where the
Benguet lilies are collected (Mountain soil).
Analysis of data The significance of difference among treatment means was tested
using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).
Data Gathered
A. Vegetative Growth
1. Plant height at tight bud stage /whitish stage (cm). This was done by
measuring the height of the plant from the base up to the flower at tight bud stage.
2. Final height at flowering (cm). This was obtained by measuring the final height
of the plant from the base up to the flower at 25 % anthesis.
Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

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3. Stem diameter (cm) at flowering. This was measured 6 cm from the base of the
plant.
4. Number of leaves per plant at flowering. This was gathered by counting the
number of leaves at flowering.

B. Reproductive Growth
1. Number of days from planting to flower bud formation. This was taken
by counting the number of days from planting to formation of 1 cm bud size.
2. Length of flower bud at bud stage (cm). This was taken by measuring
the flower bud from the base to the tip at bud stage.
3. Number of days from planting to flowering. This was done by counting the
number of days from planting to flowering.

C. Cutflower Quality

1. Number of days from flower-bud formation to tight bud stage. This was done by
counting the number of days from flower-bud formation to tight level stage.
2. Stem length at harvest (cm). This was obtained by measuring the length of the
cutflower stems at harvest.
3. Flower size at 50% anthesis (cm). This was measured by getting the
diameter of the flower in centimeter by using a foot rule at 50% anthesis.

D. Documentation of the Study
This was taken through pictures during vegetative and reproductive stage of the
plants.

Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Final Height at Tight Bud Stage

Table 1 showed that there were significant differences on the sizes of bulbs planted
with regards to the final height at tight bud stage of Benguet lily. Growing the plants from
1 cm in diameter bulbs produced the tallest plants with a mean of 88.00 cm at tight bud
stage. Plants grown from 4 cm in diameter bulbs were the shortest with a mean of 58.67
cm.

Final Height at Flowering

Likewise, Table 2 showed that there were significant differences among the
different bulb sizes as planting material with regards to the final height of Benguet lily
plants at 25% anthesis. Means ranged from 59.67 to 87.17 cm from the base of the plant up
to the top of the flower.

Table 1. Plant height at tight bud stage
TREATMENT
HEIGHT (cm)
Bulb 1, with 1 cm, diameter (1-1.9 cm)
88.00a
Bulb 2, with 2 cm, diameter (2-2.9 cm)
86.17a
Bulb 3, with 3 cm, diameter (3-3.9 cm)
70.33ab
Bulb 4, with 4 cm, diameter (4-4.9 cm)
58.67b
CV(%)
16.66
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT

Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

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Table 2. Final height at flowering (25% anthesis)
TREATMENT
HEIGHT (cm)
Bulb 1, with 1 cm, diameter (1-1.9 cm)
86.67a
Bulb 2, with 2 cm, diameter (2-2.9 cm)
87.17a
Bulb 3, with 3 cm, diameter (3-3.9 cm)
67.00ab
Bulb 4, with 4 cm, diameter (4-4.9 cm)
59.67b
CV(%)
16.62
Means with a common letter are not significantly differebt at 5% level by DMRT.

Stem Diameter at Flowering

Significant differences were obtained on the stem diameter of Benguet lily plants
measured at 25% anthesis as affected by the different bulb sizes of the planting material.
Growing plants from 2 cm in diameter bulbs produced the thickest stems with a mean of
0.9 cm at flowering among the bulb size treatments. Plants grown from 1 cm and 4 cm in
diameter bulbs were the thinnest with a mean of 0.6 cm.

Number of Leaves per Plant at Flowering

There were no significant differences noted on the number of leaves per plant at
25% anthesis from plants grown from the four bulb sizes. Nonetheless, 2 cm in diameter
bulbs had higher number of leaves with a mean of 85.00, but was statistically comparable
to the other bulb sizes with a mean of 51.67 to 83.00 leaves per plant.

Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

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Table 3. Stem diameter at flowering
TREATMENT
DIAMETER (cm)
Bulb 1, with 1 cm, diameter (1-1.9 cm)
0.6b
Bulb 2, with 2 cm, diameter (2-2.9 cm)
0.9a
Bulb 3, with 3 cm, diameter (3-3.9 cm)
0.7b
Bulb 4, with 4 cm, diameter (4-4.9 cm)
0.6b
CV(%)
12.37
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.

Table 4. Number of leaves per plant at flowering
TREATMENT
NUMBER
Bulb 1, with 1 cm, diameter (1-1.9 cm)
83.00a
Bulb 2, with 2 cm, diameter (2-2.9 cm)
85.00a
Bulb 3, with 3 cm, diameter (3-3.9 cm)
51.67a
Bulb 4, with 4 cm, diameter (4-4.9 cm)
51.67a
CV(%)
31.97
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT

Number of Days from Planting to Flower Bud Formation

Statistical analysis showed that there were highly significant differences on the
number of days from planting to 1 cm bud size as affected by the different bulb sizes. As
shown in Table 5 and Figure 1. Growing Benguet lily from 4 cm in diameter bulbs
promoted earlier forming of buds after a mean of 82.67 days from planting. This was
followed by those grown from 3 cm in diameter bulbs with a mean of 104.00 days then
Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

12
followed by 2 cm in diameter bulbs with a mean of 146.00 days. Significantly delayed bud
formation was noted on plants grown from 1 cm in diameter bulbs with a mean of 161.33
days from planting.

Results showed that earlier flowering was obtained with increasing bulb size of the
planting material such that earlier flowering was noted in larger bulb.

Length of Flower Bud at Bud stage (cm)
Significant differences were obtained on the length of flower buds mearured at bud
stage of plants grown from different bulb sizes as shown in Table 6. Plants grown from 1
cm in diameter bulbs produced the longest buds with a mean of 19.50 cm but was
statistically comparable to those grown from 2 cm in diameter bulbs which had a mean
17.00 cm. Slightly shorter buds were measured on plants grown from 4 cm in diameter
bulbs which had a mean of 15.30 cm flower bud. Plants grown from 3 cm in diameter bulbs
with a mean of 15.13 cm flower buds which the shortest buds measures among the four
bulb sizes.

Table 5. Number of days from planting to flower bud formation ( 1 cm bud size)
TREATMENT
NUMBER
Bulb 1, with 1 cm, diameter (1-1.9 cm)
161.33a
Bulb 2, with 2 cm, diameter (2-2.9 cm)
146.00b
Bulb 3, with 3 cm, diameter (3-3.9 cm)
104.00c
Bulb 4, with 4 cm, diameter (4-4.9 cm)
82.67d
CV(%)
3.22
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.

Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

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Figure 1.Overview of the study at bud stage
Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

14
Table 6. Length of flower bud at bud stage
TREATMENT
LENGTH (cm)
Bulb 1, with 1 cm, diameter (1-1.9 cm)
19.50a
Bulb 2, with 2 cm, diameter (2-2.9 cm)
17.00ab
Bulb 3, with 3 cm, diameter (3-3.9 cm)
15.30b
Bulb 4, with 4 cm, diameter (4-4.9 cm)
15.13b
CV(%)
10.05
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.

Number of Days From Planting to Flowering

Highly significant differences were observed on the number of days from planting
to flowering as shown in Table 7 and Figure 2. Plants grown from 4 cm in diameter bulbs
were the earliest to flower with a mean of 114.67 days from planting. However, it was
comparable to those grown from 3 cm in diameter bulbs and 2 cm in diameter bulbs which
flowered after 142.00 and 190.33 days, respectively. Plants grown from 1 cm in diameter
bulbs were the latest to flower with a mean at 25% anthesis stage only after 195.33 days
from planting

Number of Days from Flower Bud Formation to Tight Bud Stage

The number of days from flower bud formation to tight bud stage is presented in
Table 8. Results showed that different bulb sizes on the duration of flower development.
However, plants grown from 4 cm in diameter bulbs reached tight bud stage earlier
compared to plants grown from the other sizes with a mean of 32.00 days. Plants grown
Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

15
from 2 cm in diameter bulbs were the latest to reach tight bud stage with a mean of 44.00
days from flower bud formation.

Stem Length at Harvest

Table 9 presents the cutflower stem length of Benguet lily statistical analysis
showed that there were no significant differences on the stem length of Bengue lily flowers
at harvest. Although growing plants from 1 cm in diameter bulbs produced the longest
cutflower stems measuring 80.67 cm. Plants grown from 2 cm in diameter bulbs and 3
cm in diameter bulbs produced comparable cutflowers with stem length of 80.17 cm; while
those grown from 4 cm in diameter bulbs which had a mean of only 52.80 cm stem length
at harvest.

Table 7. Number of days from planting to flowering

TREATMENT
NUMBER
Bulb 1, with 1 cm, diameter (1-1.9 cm)
195.33a
Bulb 2, with 2 cm, diameter (2-2.9 cm)
190.33a
Bulb 3, with 3 cm, diameter (3-3.9 cm)
142.00b
Bulb 4, with 4 cm, diameter (4-4.9 cm)
114.67c
CV(%)
6.82
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.

Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

16

Figure 2. Overview of the study at flowering

Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

17
Table 8. Number of days from flower bud formation to tight bud stage.

TREATMENT
NUMBER
Bulb 1, with 1 cm, diameter (1-1.9 cm)
36.67a
Bulb 2, with 2 cm, diameter (2-2.9 cm)
44.00a
Bulb 3, with 3 cm, diameter (3-3.9 cm)
38.67a
Bulb 4, with 4 cm, diameter (4-4.9 cm)
32.00b
CV(%)
15.64
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.

Table 9. Stem length at harvest
TREATMENT
LENGTH (cm)
Bulb 1, with 1 cm, diameter (1-1.9 cm)
80.67a
Bulb 2, with 2 cm, diameter (2-2.9 cm)
80.17a
Bulb 3, with 3 cm, diameter (3-3.9 cm)
57.37ab
Bulb 4, with 4 cm, diameter (4-4.9 cm)
52.80b
CV(%)
19.46
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT

Flower Size at 50% Anthesis
Results showed that, there were no significant differences obtained on the flower
size of plants grown from all bulb sizes evaluated (table 10). Plants grown with 1 cm in
diameter bulbs produced the biggest flowers at 50% anthesis with a mean of 16.33 cm;
while those grown from 3 cm in diameter bulbs produces the smallest flowers at 50%
anthesis with a mean of 11.50 cm.
Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

18
Table 10. Flower size at 50% anthesis (cm)

TREATMENT
SIZE (cm)
Bulb 1, with 1 cm, diameter (1-1.9 cm)
16.33a
Bulb 2, with 2 cm, diameter (2-2.9 cm)
14.67ab
Bulb 3, with 3 cm, diameter (3-3.9 cm)
11.50b
Bulb 4, with 4 cm, diameter (4-4.9 cm)
13.00ab
CV(%)
15.49
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.

Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

19
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different bulb size, as planting
materials on the growth characteristics of Benguet lily; to determine the best bulb size as
lplanting materials suitable for Benguet lily cutflower production. The study was conducted
at Ornamental Horticulture Research Area, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet
from July, 2009 to February, 2010.

Observations show that there were no significant differences among the different
bulb sizes of Benguet lily in terms of number of leaves per plants at flowering and number
of days from flower bud formation to tight bud stage.

However, Plants grown from 1 cm bud sizes were the tallest plants with a mean of
88.00 cm at tight bud stage, and the longest flower buds(19.50) at tight bud stage, also the
longest cutflower stems at harvest having the mean of 80.67 cm and the biggest
flowers(16.33cm) at 50% anthesis. Lilies grown from 2 cm bulb sizes had the thickest stem
diameter of 0.9 cm at tight bud stage. On reproductive, lilies grown from 4 cm bulb sizes
were the earliest to form flower buds (82.67 days) and to flower at only 114 days compared
to the other bulb sizes evaluated.

Conclusion

Base on the results of the study conducted, bulbs with 1 cm sizes can be used as
planting materials for better cutflower quality and 4 cm bulb sizes for earlier flowering and
for earlier harvesting and marketing of produce.

Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

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Recommendation

It is recommended that bulbs with 1 cm in diameter should be used as planting
materials for better cutflower quality and 4 cm in diameter for earlier flowering for
Benguet lily production.

Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

21
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MILLER, W. B.1992. Easter and Hybrid Lily Production. Hongkong: Timber Press, Inc.
Pp. 28-29.
OLARTE, A. 2001. Battle for Official Flower of Benguet Goes On. Philippine Daily
Inquirer, February 28, 2001. Pp. 17-18.

Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

22
PETROVA, E. I. 1975. A Concise Guide in Color Flowering Bulbs. London: The Hamlyn
Pub. Group, Ltd. Pp. 9 ,14 ,25.
RIMANDO, R. J. 2001. Ornamental Horticulture. Philippines: SEAMEO SEARCA. Pp.
211-214.

Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

23
APPENDICES

Appendix Table 1. Plant height at tight bud stage (cm)

REPLICATION
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
Bulb 1, with 1 cm, diameter (1 – 1.9 cm)
81.50 90.00 92.50 264.00 88.00
Bulb 2, with 2 cm, diameter (2 – 2.9 cm)
88.00 107.00 63.50 258.50 86.17
Bulb 3, with 3 cm, diameter (3 – 3.9 cm)
72.00 68.00 71.00 211.00 70.33
Bulb 4, with 4 cm, diameter (4 – 4.9 cm)
54.00 57.00 65.00 176.00 58.67

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF F
TABULAR F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES SQUARES VALUE 0.05
0.01
Replication
2
134.541667 67.270833

Treatment
3
1739.229167 579.743056 3.64ns 4.76 9.78
Error
6
956.458333 159.409722
TOTAL
11

ns – Not Significant

Coefficient of Variation: 16.66%

Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

24
Appendix Table 2. Final height at flowering (25% anthesis)

TREATMENT
Replication
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
Bulb 1, with 1 cm, diameter (1 – 1.9 cm)
82.00 85.00 93.00 260.00 86.67
Bulb 2, with 2 cm, diameter (2 – 2.9 cm)
88.50 107.50 65.50 261.50 87.17
Bulb 3, with 3 cm, diameter (3 – 3.9 cm)
72.00 69.00 60.00 201.00 67.00
Bulb 4, with 4 cm, diameter (4 – 4.9 cm)
55.00 58.00 66.00 180.00 59.67

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF
F
TABULAR F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES SQUARES VALUE 0.05
0.01
Replication
2
156.500000 78.250000

Treatment
3
1749.562500 583.187500 3.74ns 4.76 9.78
Error
6
935.500000 155.916667
TOTAL
11
2841.562500

ns – Not Significant

Coefficient of Variation: 16.62%

Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

25
Appendix Table 3. Stem diameter (cm) at flowering

TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
Bulb 1, with 1 cm, diameter (1 – 1.9 cm)
0.7
0.5
0.6
1.8
0.6
Bulb 2, with 2 cm, diameter (2 – 2.9 cm)
0.9
1.0
0.8
2.7
0.9
Bulb 3, with 3 cm, diameter (3 – 3.9 cm)
0.8
0.6
0.7
2.1
0.7
Bulb 4, with 4 cm, diameter (4 – 4.9 cm)
0.6
0.6
0.6
1.8
0.6

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF
F
TABULAR F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES SQUARES VALUE 0.05
0.01
Replication
2
0.01500000 0.00750000

Treatment
3
0.18000000 0.06000000 8.00*
4.76 9.78
Error
6
0.04500000 0.00750000
TOTAL
11
0.24000000

ns – Not Significant

Coefficient of Variation: 12.37%

Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

26
Appendix Table 4. Number of leaves per plant at flowering

TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
Bulb 1, with 1 cm, diameter (1 – 1.9 cm)
74.00 65.00 110.00 249.00 83.00
Bulb 2, with 2 cm, diameter (2 – 2.9 cm)
85.00 110.00 60.00 255.00 85.00
Bulb 3, with 3 cm, diameter (3 – 3.9 cm)
67.00 48.00 40.00 155.00 51.67
Bulb 4, with 4 cm, diameter (4 – 4.9 cm)
48.00 51.00 56.00 155.00 51.67

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF
F
TABULAR F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARES VALUE 0.05
0.01
Replication
2
10.666667 5.333333

Treatment
3
3142333333 1047.444444 2.25ns
4.76 9.78
Error
6
3790.666667 465.111111
TOTAL
11
5943.666667

* – Significant

Coefficient of Variation: 31.79%

Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

27
Appendix Table 5. Number of days from planting to flower bud formation

TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
Bulb 1, with 1 cm, diameter (1 – 1.9 cm) 171.00 160.00 153.00 484.00 161.33
Bulb 2, with 2 cm, diameter (2 – 2.9 cm) 148.00 150.00 140.00 438.00 146.00
Bulb 3, with 3 cm, diameter (3 – 3.9 cm) 112.00 105.00 95.00 312.00 104.00
Bulb 4, with 4 cm, diameter (4 – 4.9 cm) 83.00 87.00 78.00 248.00
82.67

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF
F
TABULAR F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES SQUARES VALUE 0.05
0.01
Replication
2
312.00000 156.00000

Treatment
3
11955.66667 3985.22222 250.82** 4.76 9.78
Error
6
95.33333 15.88889
TOTAL
11
12363.00000

** – Highly Significant

Coefficient of Variation: 3.22%

Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

28

Appendix Table 6. Length of flower bud at bud stage (cm)

TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
Bulb 1, with 1 cm, diameter (1 – 1.9 cm)
21.00 19.00 18.50 58.50 19.50
Bulb 2, with 2 cm, diameter (2 – 2.9 cm)
18.00 19.00 14.00 51.00 17.00
Bulb 3, with 3 cm, diameter (3 – 3.9 cm)
16.20 13.50 15.70 45.40 15.13
Bulb 4, with 4 cm, diameter (4 – 4.9 cm)
15.10 15.00 15.80 45.90 15.30

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF
F
TABULAR F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARES VALUE 0.05
0.01
Replication
2
5.03166667 2.51583333

Treatment
3
37.02000000 12.34000000 4.36*
4.76 9.78
Error
6
16.97500000 2.82916667
TOTAL
11
59.02666667

* – Significant

Coefficient of Variation: 10.05%

Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

29
Appendix Table 7. Number of days from planting to flowering

TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
Bulb 1, with 1 cm, diameter (1 – 1.9 cm) 212.00 182.00 192.00 586.00 195.33
Bulb 2, with 2 cm, diameter (2 – 2.9 cm) 187.00 204.00 180.00 571.00 190.33
Bulb 3, with 3 cm, diameter (3 – 3.9 cm) 155.00 142.00 129.00 426.00 142.00
Bulb 4, with 4 cm, diameter (4 – 4.9 cm) 115.00 119.00 110.00 344.00 114.67

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF
F
TABULAR F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES SQUARES VALUE 0.05
0.01
Replication
2
428.66667 214.33333

Treatment
3
13638.91667 4546.30556 37.82** 4.76 9.78
Error
6
721.33333 120.22222
TOTAL
11
14788.91667

** – Highly Significant

Coefficient of Variation: 6.82%

Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

30
Appendix Table 8. Number of days from flower bud formation to tight bud stage

TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
Bulb 1, with 1 cm, diameter (1 – 1.9 cm) 40.00 31.00 39.00 110.00 36.67
Bulb 2, with 2 cm, diameter (2 – 2.9 cm) 38.00 54.00 40.00 132.00 44.00
Bulb 3, with 3 cm, diameter (3 – 3.9 cm) 42.00 38.00 36.00 116.00 38.67
Bulb 4, with 4 cm, diameter (4 – 4.9 cm) 33.00 32.00 31.00 96.00 32.00

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF
F
TABULAR F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES SQUARES VALUE 0.05
0.01
Replication
2
11.1666667 46.7000000

Treatment
3
222.3333333 5.5833333 2.12ns
4.76 9.78
Error
6
210.1666667 74.1111111
TOTAL
11
443.6666667

ns – Not Significant

Coefficient of Variation: 19.46%

Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

31
Appendix Table 9. Stem length at harvest (cm)

TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
Bulb 1, with 1 cm, diameter (1 – 1.9 cm) 75.50 80.00 86.50 242.00 80.67
Bulb 2, with 2 cm, diameter (2 – 2.9 cm) 82.00 101.00 57.50 240.50 80.17
Bulb 3, with 3 cm, diameter (3 – 3.9 cm) 64.80 62.30 45.00 172.10 57.37
Bulb 4, with 4 cm, diameter (4 – 4.9 cm) 48.00 51.20 59.20 158.40 52.80

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF
F
TABULAR F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES SQUARES VALUE 0.05
0.01
Replication
2
268.145000 134.072500

Treatment
3
1956.990000 652.330000 3.75ns
4.76 9.78
Error
6
1043.275000 173.879167
TOTAL
11
3268.41000

ns – Not Significant

Coefficient of Variation: 19.46%

Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

32
Appendix Table 10. Flower size at 50% anthesis (cm)

TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
Bulb 1, with 1 cm, diameter (1 – 1.9 cm) 18.00 15.00 16.00 49.00 16.33
Bulb 2, with 2 cm, diameter (2 – 2.9 cm) 15.00 17.00 12.00 44.00 14.67
Bulb 3, with 3 cm, diameter (3 – 3.9 cm) 13.00 10.50 11.00 34.50 11.50
Bulb 4, with 4 cm, diameter (4 – 4.9 cm) 11.00 13.00 15.00 39.00 13.00

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF
F
TABULAR F
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARES
SQUARES VALUE 0.05
0.01
Replication
2
1.12500000 0.56250000

Treatment
3
39.22916667 13.07638889 2.83ns
4.76 9.78
Error
6
27.70833333 4.61805556
TOTAL
11
68.06250000

ns – Not Significant

Coefficient of Variation: 15.49%

Performance of Benguet lily (Lilium philippinensis) Using Different
Bulb Sizes as Planting Material /Analyn A. Banario. 2010

Document Outline

Performance of Benguet lily(Lilium philippinensis) Using Different Bulb Sizes as Planting Material.
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
  - The Plant
  - Propagation of Lilies
  - Planting
  - Effect of Bulb Size
  - Meristem Diameter
  - Vegetative Growth
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
  - Final Height at Tight Bud Stage
  - Final Height at Flowering
  - Stem Diameter at Flowering
  - Number of Leaves per Plant at Flowering
  - Number of Days from Planting to Flower Bud Formation
  - Length of Flower Bud at Bud stage (cm)
  - Number of Days From Planting to Flowering
  - Number of Days from Flower Bud Formation to Tight Bud Stage
  - Stem Length at Harvest
  - Flower Size at 50% Anthesis
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
  - Summary
  - Conclusion
  - Recommendation
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES