BIBLIOGRAPHY ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. ...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013. Growth and Yield of Chinese
cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic fertilizer. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad Benguet.
Adviser: Franklin G.Bawang, MsC
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted at Balili Organic Farm, Benguet State University, La
Trinidad Benguet from October 2012 to January 2013 to evaluate the growth and yield of
Chinese cabbage applied with different organic fertilizers, determine the best organic
fertilizer suitable for Chinese cabbage and determine the economics of chinese cabbage
production as affected by different organic fertilizer.
Result revealed that there were no significant differences among treatments on the
days from transplanting to harvesting, However, the application of Yama BYM or Bioganic
significantly increased head length, head equatorial circumference, percentage of heading,
marketable and total yield per plot and computed yield per hectare from which higher return
of investments at 381.53 % and 354.64 %, respectively were derived.
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Number of Days from Transplanting to Harvesting
Table 1 shows the number of days from transplanting to harvesting. There were no
significant differences in the number of days from transplanting to harvesting as affected
by the different organic fertilizer applied. However, numerical data shows that plants with
no fertilizer applied had the longest number of days from transplanting to harvesting with
a mean of 66.75 followed by the plants applied with PCM, cattle manure, cocodust
compost, and vermicompost with a of 66 of days, while Yama BYM and mushroom
compost having a mean of 65.25 of days followed by bioganic had the least number of days
of 64.50 to reach the harvesting stage from transplanting.
Table 1. Number of days from transplanting to harvesting of Chinese cabbage
TREATMENT
MEAN
(Days)
Control (No fertilizer application)
66.75a
Bioganic
64.50a
PCM
66.00a
Yama BYM
65.25a
Cattle manure
66.00a
Cocodust compost
66.00a
Mushroom compost
65.25a
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level using DMRT
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
Head Length
The result in Table 2 shows significant statistical difference of the head length as
influenced by the various organic fertilizers. Plants applied with Yama BYM significantly
had the longest head length of 27.90 cm followed by the plants applied with bioganic and
PCM with mean of 26.83 and 25.80 cm, respectively. It was followed further by plants
applied with cattle manure with a mean of 23.75cm and cocodust compost (23.30cm).The
plants applied with mushroom compost with a mean of 21.50cm, had the shortest length
but statistically comparable to the plants applied with vermicompost as well as the plants
without fertilizer applied.
Table 2. Head length (cm) of Chinese cabbage
TREATMENT
MEAN
Control (No fertilizer application)
20.73d
Bioganic
26.63b
PCM
25.80b
Yama BYM
27.90a
Cattle manure
23.75c
Cocodust compost
23.30c
Mushroom compost
21.50d
Vermicompost
21.00d
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level using DMRT
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
Head Equatorial Circumference
There were significant differences observed on the head equatorial circumference as shown
in Table 3. The application of Yama BYM induced the production of wider head
circumference with a mean of 33.90cm followed by the application of bioganic (33.10 cm),
PCM (31.15 cm), cattle manure (23.00 cm), vermicompost (22.73 cm), cocodust compost
(22.50 cm), mushroom compost (21.80 cm). The plants in the control treatment or with no
fertilizers applied were observed as having the least equatorial circumference with a mean
of 21.10 cm.
Table 3. Head equatorial circumference (cm) of Chinese cabbage
TREATMENT
MEAN
Control (No fertilizer application)
21.10f
Bioganic
33.10b
PCM
31.15c
Yama BYM
33.90a
Cattle manure
23.00d
Cocodust compost
22.50d
Mushroom compost
21.80e
Vermicompost
22.73d
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level using DMRT
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
Head Compactness
Table 4 shows the compactness of heads as affected by different organic fertilizers used in
the study. Plants applied with Yama BYM and bioganic was observed to have significantly
the most compact heads of 2.45 and 2.40 cm respectively, followed by the plants applied
with PCM having the mean of 1.70cm, but are statistically comparable to the plants applied
with vermicompost (1.65 cm), cattle manure (1.50 cm), cocodust compost (1.45 cm) and
mushroom compost (1.45 cm). The control or plants with no fertilizer applied had the least
compact heading with a mean of 1.40 cm.
Table 4. Head compactness of Chinese cabbage
TREATMENT
MEAN
Control (No fertilizer application)
1.40c
Bioganic
2.40a
PCM
1.70b
Yama BYM
2.45a
Cattle manure
1.50bc
Cocodust compost
1.45bc
Mushroom compost
1.45bc
Vermicompost
1.65bc
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level using DMRT
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
Scale
Description
1
Soft, loose heads
2
Slightly compact
3 Compact
Percentage of Heading
There were significant statistical differences noted on the percentage of heading as affected
by the application of fertilizers (table 5). Plants applied with Yama BYM significantly had
highest percentage of heading with a mean of 90.83 followed by
the plants applied with bioganic (84.17), PCM (72.50), vermicompost (46.67), cocodust
compost (29.17), cattle manure (27.50). The control or plants with no fertilizer application
obtained the lowest percentage of heading having a mean of 14.17.
Table 5. Percentage of heading of Chinese cabbage
TREATMENT
MEAN
(%)
Control (No fertilizer application)
14.17c
Bioganic
84.17a
PCM
72.50a
Yama BYM
90.83a
Cattle manure
27.50bc
Cocodust compost
45.00bc
Mushroom compost
29.17bc
Vermicompost
46.67b
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level using DMRT
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
Non-Marketable Yield
The results in table 6 shows that were no significant statistical differences on the non-
marketable yield as affected by different organic fertilizer applied. However, numerical
figures reveals that plants applied with cattle manure had the highest non-marketable
yield(1.40 kg) followed by plants applied with mushroom compost (1.28 kg), bioganic
(1.24 kg), PCM (1.21 kg), Yama BYM (1.67 kg), vermicompost (0.83 kg). The control or
plants not applied with fertilizers had the least weight of non-marketable yield a mean of
0.73 kg.
Table 6. Non-Marketable yield of Chinese cabbage
TREATMENT
MEAN
Control (No fertilizer application)
0.73a
Bioganic
1.24a
PCM
1.21a
Yama BYM
1.16a
Cattle manure
1.40a
Cocodust compost
0.93a
Mushroom compost
1.28a
Vermicompost
0.83a
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level using DMRT
Marketable Yield
As shown in Table 7, the marketable yield was significantly affected by the
application of organic fertilizer. Plants applied with Yama BYM significantly had obtained
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
the highest marketable yield of 3.94 followed by the plants applied with bioganic (3.63 kg).
Plants applied with PCM were comparable with the plants applied with vermicompost
having a mean of 2.06 kg followed by the plants applied with cocodust compost (1.56 kg),
cattle manure and mushroom compost with a mean of 0.69 kg. Lastly, the control or plants
with no fertilizer applied had the lowest marketable yield of 0.50kg.
Table 7. Marketable yield of Chinese cabbage
TREATMENT
MEAN
Control (No fertilizer application)
0.50c
Bioganic
3.63ab
PCM
2.06bc
Yama BYM
3.94a
Cattle manure
0.69c
Cocodust compost
1.56c
Mushroom compost
0.69c
Vermicompost
2.06bc
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level using DMRT
Total Yield
The total yield per plot as affected by the application of organic fertilizers is shown in table
8. Plants applied with either Yama BYM or bioganic significantly obtained the highest
total yield of 5.04 and 4.80 kg respectively followed by plants applied with PCM (3.28 kg),
but statistically comparable with the plants applied with vermicompost (2.61 kg), cocodust
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
compost (2.49 kg), cattle manure (2.09 kg), mushroom compost (1.69 kg). The lowest total
yield of 1.23 kg was noted on the control or treatment where no fertilizer was applied.
Table 8. Total yield of Chinese cabbage
TREATMENT
MEAN
Control (No fertilizer application)
1.23c
Bioganic
4.80a
PCM
3.28b
Yama BYM
5.04a
Cattle manure
2.09bc
Cocodust compost
2.49bc
Mushroom compost
1.96bc
Vermicompost
2.61bc
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level using DMRT
Computed Yield per Hectare
As presented in Table 9, there were statistical differences noted on the computed yield per
hectare as influenced by the fertilizers used. Plants applied with Yama BYM significantly
obtained the highest total yield of 10.08 kg, but are comparable with plants applied with
boiganic (9.60 kg). It was followed by plants applied with PCM (6.55 kg), vermicompost
(5.23 kg), cocodust compost (4.98 kg), cattle manure (4.18 kg), and mushroom compost
(3.93 kg) while the control or with no fertilizer applied had the lowest total yield of 2.45
kg.
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
Table 9. Computed yield per hectare of Chinese cabbage
TREATMENT
MEAN
(t/ha)
Control (No fertilizer application)
2.45c
Bioganic
9.60a
PCM
6.55b
Yama BYM
10.08a
Cattle manure
4.18bc
Cocodust compost
4.98bc
Mushroom compost
3.93bc
Vermicompost
5.23bc
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level using DMRT
Insect Pest Occurrence
Table 10 shows the insect pest occurrence. It was observed that there were no significant
differences on the flea beetle and diamond back moth infestation. However, numerical
ratings shows that plants with the application of mushroom compost had the highest flea
beetle occurrence of 3.5 followed by the control as well as plants applied with PCM, Yama
BYM, cocodust compost, vermicompost fertilizers having ratings of 3. While bioganic and
cattle manure had the least flea beetle occurrence of 2.5.In the diamond back moth
infestation plants with the application of yamabym and mushroom compost had the highest
occurrence of 3.75 followed by control as well as plants applied with bioganic, cattle
manure, vermicompost having rating of 3.5, and the PCM had the least infested by diamond
back moth of 3.25.
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
Table 10. Insect pest occurrence
TREATMENT
FLEA
DIAMOND BACK MOTH
BEETLE
Control
3a
3.5a
Bioganic
2.5a
3.5a
PCM
3a
3.25a
Yama BYM
3a
3.75a
Cattle manure
2.5a
3.5a
Cocodust compost
3a
3.5a
Mushroom compost
3.5a
3.75a
Vermicompost
3a
3.5a
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level using DMRT
Flea Beetle and Diamond Back Moth Rating
Description Reaction
5
None of the foliage of the plant in the
Highly resistant
plants is damage
4
1-25% of the foliage of the plants in the
Resistant
plot are eaten by the larvae
3
6-50% of the foliage of all the plants in
Moderate resistant
the plot are eaten by the larvae
2
51-75% of the foliage of all the plants in
Susceptible
the ploy are eaten by the larvae
1
Only the veins of the plants in the plot are Very susceptible
left
Soil Analysis
Table 1 show that the soil in the experimental area before and preparation had a pH
of 5.63 and contained 2.5% organic matter; 0.05% nitrogen; 63 ppm phosphorous; 408
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
potassium. After the organic fertilizers were applied, the soil had a pH of 5.85; organic
matter 2.0%; 0.07% nitrogen; 88ppm phosphorous; 240 potassium.
Table 11. Soil analysis
pH
OM%
N
P
K
Before
5.63
2.5
0.05
63
408
After
5.85
2.0
0.07
88
240
Meteorological Data
The maximum temperature were 22.2, 19.9, 20.6 and 23.7 oC while in the minimum
temperature were 15.1, 13.1, 13.2 and 18.8 oC; relative humidity were 83, 80, 84 and
98%;rainfall were 21, 1.33, 0.1 and 0.5 mm; sunshine duration were 348.7, 32 and 360
minutes in October, November, December and January.
Table 12. Meteorological data
TEMPERATURE
RH (%)
RAINFALL
SUNSHINE
(oC)
(mm)
DURATION
MONTH
Min Max
(mins.)
OCTOBER
15.1 22.2
83
21
343.7
NOVEMBER
13.1 19.9
80
1.33
329
DECEMBER
1.2 20.6
84
0.1
377.7
JANUARY
18.8 23.7
98
0.5
360.0
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
Cost and Return Analysis
Table 13 shows the cost and return analysis. Plants applied with Yama BYM significantly
obtained the highest return on investment of 381.53 followed by the plants applied with
bioganic of 354.64, PCM of 150.70, cocodust compost of 62.16,cattle manure of 4.18,
vermicompost of 54.67, control of 47.69, mushroom compost of 25.75. The plants applied
with cattle manure had the lowest return on investment of 5.6.
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
Table 13. Cost and return analysis
TREATMENTS
ITEMS
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
T8
Yield(kg)
2
14.50
8.25
15.75
2.75
6.25
2.75
7.25
Sales(Php)
120
870
495
945
165
375
165
435
Farm
Inputs
(Php)
Seeds
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
PCM
-
110
-
-
-
-
-
-
Bioganic
-
-
115
-
-
-
-
-
Yama BYM
-
-
-
115
-
-
-
-
Cattle
-
-
-
-
75
-
-
-
manure
Cocodust
-
-
-
-
-
130
-
-
compost
Mushroom
-
-
-
-
-
-
50
-
compost
Vermicompost
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
200
Plastic
56.25 56.25
56.25
56.25
56.25
56.25
56.25
56.25
Total Expenses 81.25 191.25 196.25 196.25 156.25 231.25
131.25 281.25
Net Income
38.75 678.25 298.75 748.75 8.75
143.75
33.75
153.75
ROI (%)
47.69 354.64 150.70 381.53 5.6
62.16
25.71
54.67
Rank
6
2
3
1
8
4
7
5
Note: The selling per kilogram was Php.60.00
T1- Control (No fertlizer applied)
T2- Bioganic
T3- PCM
T4- Yama BYM
T5- Cattle manure
T6- Cocodust compost
T7- Mushroom compost
T8- Vermicompost
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted at Balili Organic Farm Benguet State University, La
Trinidad Benguet from October 2012 to January 2013 to evaluate the growth and yield of
chinese cabbage applied with different organic fertilizers, determine the best organic
fertilizer suitable for chinese cabbage and to determine the economics of using the different
organic fertilizers in chinese cabbage production.
Based on the results, there were no significant differences on the number of days from
transplanting to harvesting. However, numerical data shows that plants with no fertilizers
applied had the longest number of days from transplanting to harvesting with a mean of
66.75. Plants applied with bioganic had the least number of days of 64.50 to reach the
harvesting stage from transplanting. Plants applied with Yama BYM significantly had the
longest head length of 27.90 cm. The plants applied with mushroom compost with a of
21.50cm had the shortest length but statistically comparable to the plants applied with
vermicompost as well as the plants without fertilizer applied. The application of Yama
BYM induced the production of wider head circumference with a mean of 33.90 cm. The
plants in the control treatment with no fertilizer applied were observed as having the least
equatorial circumference with a mean of 21.10 cm. Plants applied with Yama BYM and
bioganic was observed to haves significantly the most compact heads of 2.45 and 2.40 cm,
respectively. The control or plants with no fertilizer applied had the least compact heading
with a mean of 1.40. Plants applied with Yama BYM significantly had highest percentage
of heading with a mean of 90.83. The control or plants with no fertilizer application
obtained the lowest percentage of heading having a mean of 14.17. Plants applied with
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
Yama BYM obtained the highest marketable yield of 3.94 kg, the control or plants with no
fertilizers applied had the lowest marketable yield of 0.50 kg. There were no significant
statistical differences on the non-marketable yield as affected by different organic
fertilizers applied. However, numerical figure reveals that plants applied with cattle manure
had the highest non-marketable yield (1.40 kg). The control or plants not applied with
fertilizer having a mean of 0.73 kg. Plants applied with either Yama BYM or bioganic
significantly obtained the highest total yield of 5.04 and 4.80 kg respectively. The lowest
total yields of 1.23 were noted on the control or treatment where no fertilizers were applied.
Plants applied with Yama BYM significantly obtained the highest total yield of 10.08 kg,
but are comparable with plants applied with boiganic (9.60 kg) while the control or with
no fertilizer applied had the lowest total yield of 2.45 kg. Plants applied with Yama BYM
significantly had obtained the highest return on investment of 381.53 %. The plants applied
with cattle manure had the lowest return on investment of 5.6 %.
Conclusion
Based on the result there were no significant differences on the number of days
from transplanting to harvesting. However head length, head equatorial circumference,
head compactness, percentage of heading, marketable and total yield were significantly
higher with the application either of Yama BYM or bioganic from which higher return of
investment was obtained at 381.53 % and 354.64 %, respectively.
Recommendation
It is therefore recommended that the best organic fertilizer suitable for Chinese
cabbage production was the application of Yama BYM or bioganic to have longer, wider,
more compact heads, and higher return on investment.
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
LITERATURE CITED
BAUTISTA, O.K. 1983. Introduction to Tropical Horticulture. University of the
Philippines Los Banos ,Laguna. P. 100.
DAGGON, J. D. and T. G CADIZ. 1985. Soils, Fertilizers and Plants. Rex Book Store,
Manila. Pp. 1-5.
DONAHUE, R. C. 1972. Our Soils and the Management. Danville Illinois the Printer and
Publishing Inc. P. 101.
EDMOND, J. B., T. L. SENN and F. S. ANDREW. 1964. Fundamentals of Agriculture.
3rd Edition. Bombay Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. LTD New Delhi. P. 71.
FOLLET, R. H. 1981. Fertilizers and Soil Amendments. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc.
Pp. 459-460.
KUDAN, J. D. 2010. Performance Evaluation of Sugar Beet Varieties as affected by
Organic Fertilizers under La Trinidad condition. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad Benguet.Pp .6-7.
MABESA, R .C. 1977. Vegetable Production. UPLB College. Los Banos, Laguna. P. 63.
MACMILLAN, H. F. 1991. Tropical Planting and Gardening. 6th Edition. J. B. Lippincott
Company, Chicago, Philadephia. Pp. 101-102.
MATSUMURA, T. 1954. The status of Chinese cabbage growing in Japan Proceeding of
Chinese cabbage Symposuim. AVRDC. Publishing 8 (135). Pp. 36-40.
POINCELOT, R. P. 1980. Horticulture Principles and Practical Applications. Prentic Hall.
Inc. New Jersey. Pp. 529-530.
PURSEGLOVE, J. W. 1986. Tropical Crops Dicotyledons. Longman Group Limited.
United Kingdom.
PCCARD, 1982. Annual Report Philippines Council on Agriculture and Recourse
Research. Los Banos, Laguna. P. 63.
SANGATAN, R. L. 2000. Practical Guide to Organic Gardening in the Philippines. Busy
Book Store. Quezon City.
SAHADEVAN, H. 1987. Green Fingers Total Commitment of the Development of the
Family Sahadevan Publishing Co. Malaysia. P. 73.
THOMPSON, H. C. 1954. Vegetable Crops. New York McGrassHill Books Co. Inc. P
.245
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013. Growth and Yield of Chinese
cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic fertilizer. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad Benguet.
Adviser: Franklin G.Bawang, MsC
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted at Balili Organic Farm, Benguet State University, La
Trinidad Benguet from October 2012 to January 2013 to evaluate the growth and yield of
Chinese cabbage applied with different organic fertilizers, determine the best organic
fertilizer suitable for Chinese cabbage and determine the economics of chinese cabbage
production as affected by different organic fertilizer.
Result revealed that there were no significant differences among treatments on the
days from transplanting to harvesting, However, the application of Yama BYM or Bioganic
significantly increased head length, head equatorial circumference, percentage of heading,
marketable and total yield per plot and computed yield per hectare from which higher return
of investments at 381.53 % and 354.64 %, respectively were derived.
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Number of Days from Transplanting to Harvesting
Table 1 shows the number of days from transplanting to harvesting. There were no
significant differences in the number of days from transplanting to harvesting as affected
by the different organic fertilizer applied. However, numerical data shows that plants with
no fertilizer applied had the longest number of days from transplanting to harvesting with
a mean of 66.75 followed by the plants applied with PCM, cattle manure, cocodust
compost, and vermicompost with a of 66 of days, while Yama BYM and mushroom
compost having a mean of 65.25 of days followed by bioganic had the least number of days
of 64.50 to reach the harvesting stage from transplanting.
Table 1. Number of days from transplanting to harvesting of Chinese cabbage
TREATMENT
MEAN
(Days)
Control (No fertilizer application)
66.75a
Bioganic
64.50a
PCM
66.00a
Yama BYM
65.25a
Cattle manure
66.00a
Cocodust compost
66.00a
Mushroom compost
65.25a
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level using DMRT
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
Head Length
The result in Table 2 shows significant statistical difference of the head length as
influenced by the various organic fertilizers. Plants applied with Yama BYM significantly
had the longest head length of 27.90 cm followed by the plants applied with bioganic and
PCM with mean of 26.83 and 25.80 cm, respectively. It was followed further by plants
applied with cattle manure with a mean of 23.75cm and cocodust compost (23.30cm).The
plants applied with mushroom compost with a mean of 21.50cm, had the shortest length
but statistically comparable to the plants applied with vermicompost as well as the plants
without fertilizer applied.
Table 2. Head length (cm) of Chinese cabbage
TREATMENT
MEAN
Control (No fertilizer application)
20.73d
Bioganic
26.63b
PCM
25.80b
Yama BYM
27.90a
Cattle manure
23.75c
Cocodust compost
23.30c
Mushroom compost
21.50d
Vermicompost
21.00d
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level using DMRT
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
Head Equatorial Circumference
There were significant differences observed on the head equatorial circumference as shown
in Table 3. The application of Yama BYM induced the production of wider head
circumference with a mean of 33.90cm followed by the application of bioganic (33.10 cm),
PCM (31.15 cm), cattle manure (23.00 cm), vermicompost (22.73 cm), cocodust compost
(22.50 cm), mushroom compost (21.80 cm). The plants in the control treatment or with no
fertilizers applied were observed as having the least equatorial circumference with a mean
of 21.10 cm.
Table 3. Head equatorial circumference (cm) of Chinese cabbage
TREATMENT
MEAN
Control (No fertilizer application)
21.10f
Bioganic
33.10b
PCM
31.15c
Yama BYM
33.90a
Cattle manure
23.00d
Cocodust compost
22.50d
Mushroom compost
21.80e
Vermicompost
22.73d
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level using DMRT
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
Head Compactness
Table 4 shows the compactness of heads as affected by different organic fertilizers used in
the study. Plants applied with Yama BYM and bioganic was observed to have significantly
the most compact heads of 2.45 and 2.40 cm respectively, followed by the plants applied
with PCM having the mean of 1.70cm, but are statistically comparable to the plants applied
with vermicompost (1.65 cm), cattle manure (1.50 cm), cocodust compost (1.45 cm) and
mushroom compost (1.45 cm). The control or plants with no fertilizer applied had the least
compact heading with a mean of 1.40 cm.
Table 4. Head compactness of Chinese cabbage
TREATMENT
MEAN
Control (No fertilizer application)
1.40c
Bioganic
2.40a
PCM
1.70b
Yama BYM
2.45a
Cattle manure
1.50bc
Cocodust compost
1.45bc
Mushroom compost
1.45bc
Vermicompost
1.65bc
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level using DMRT
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
Scale
Description
1
Soft, loose heads
2
Slightly compact
3 Compact
Percentage of Heading
There were significant statistical differences noted on the percentage of heading as affected
by the application of fertilizers (table 5). Plants applied with Yama BYM significantly had
highest percentage of heading with a mean of 90.83 followed by
the plants applied with bioganic (84.17), PCM (72.50), vermicompost (46.67), cocodust
compost (29.17), cattle manure (27.50). The control or plants with no fertilizer application
obtained the lowest percentage of heading having a mean of 14.17.
Table 5. Percentage of heading of Chinese cabbage
TREATMENT
MEAN
(%)
Control (No fertilizer application)
14.17c
Bioganic
84.17a
PCM
72.50a
Yama BYM
90.83a
Cattle manure
27.50bc
Cocodust compost
45.00bc
Mushroom compost
29.17bc
Vermicompost
46.67b
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level using DMRT
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
Non-Marketable Yield
The results in table 6 shows that were no significant statistical differences on the non-
marketable yield as affected by different organic fertilizer applied. However, numerical
figures reveals that plants applied with cattle manure had the highest non-marketable
yield(1.40 kg) followed by plants applied with mushroom compost (1.28 kg), bioganic
(1.24 kg), PCM (1.21 kg), Yama BYM (1.67 kg), vermicompost (0.83 kg). The control or
plants not applied with fertilizers had the least weight of non-marketable yield a mean of
0.73 kg.
Table 6. Non-Marketable yield of Chinese cabbage
TREATMENT
MEAN
Control (No fertilizer application)
0.73a
Bioganic
1.24a
PCM
1.21a
Yama BYM
1.16a
Cattle manure
1.40a
Cocodust compost
0.93a
Mushroom compost
1.28a
Vermicompost
0.83a
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level using DMRT
Marketable Yield
As shown in Table 7, the marketable yield was significantly affected by the
application of organic fertilizer. Plants applied with Yama BYM significantly had obtained
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
the highest marketable yield of 3.94 followed by the plants applied with bioganic (3.63 kg).
Plants applied with PCM were comparable with the plants applied with vermicompost
having a mean of 2.06 kg followed by the plants applied with cocodust compost (1.56 kg),
cattle manure and mushroom compost with a mean of 0.69 kg. Lastly, the control or plants
with no fertilizer applied had the lowest marketable yield of 0.50kg.
Table 7. Marketable yield of Chinese cabbage
TREATMENT
MEAN
Control (No fertilizer application)
0.50c
Bioganic
3.63ab
PCM
2.06bc
Yama BYM
3.94a
Cattle manure
0.69c
Cocodust compost
1.56c
Mushroom compost
0.69c
Vermicompost
2.06bc
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level using DMRT
Total Yield
The total yield per plot as affected by the application of organic fertilizers is shown in table
8. Plants applied with either Yama BYM or bioganic significantly obtained the highest
total yield of 5.04 and 4.80 kg respectively followed by plants applied with PCM (3.28 kg),
but statistically comparable with the plants applied with vermicompost (2.61 kg), cocodust
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
compost (2.49 kg), cattle manure (2.09 kg), mushroom compost (1.69 kg). The lowest total
yield of 1.23 kg was noted on the control or treatment where no fertilizer was applied.
Table 8. Total yield of Chinese cabbage
TREATMENT
MEAN
Control (No fertilizer application)
1.23c
Bioganic
4.80a
PCM
3.28b
Yama BYM
5.04a
Cattle manure
2.09bc
Cocodust compost
2.49bc
Mushroom compost
1.96bc
Vermicompost
2.61bc
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level using DMRT
Computed Yield per Hectare
As presented in Table 9, there were statistical differences noted on the computed yield per
hectare as influenced by the fertilizers used. Plants applied with Yama BYM significantly
obtained the highest total yield of 10.08 kg, but are comparable with plants applied with
boiganic (9.60 kg). It was followed by plants applied with PCM (6.55 kg), vermicompost
(5.23 kg), cocodust compost (4.98 kg), cattle manure (4.18 kg), and mushroom compost
(3.93 kg) while the control or with no fertilizer applied had the lowest total yield of 2.45
kg.
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
Table 9. Computed yield per hectare of Chinese cabbage
TREATMENT
MEAN
(t/ha)
Control (No fertilizer application)
2.45c
Bioganic
9.60a
PCM
6.55b
Yama BYM
10.08a
Cattle manure
4.18bc
Cocodust compost
4.98bc
Mushroom compost
3.93bc
Vermicompost
5.23bc
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level using DMRT
Insect Pest Occurrence
Table 10 shows the insect pest occurrence. It was observed that there were no significant
differences on the flea beetle and diamond back moth infestation. However, numerical
ratings shows that plants with the application of mushroom compost had the highest flea
beetle occurrence of 3.5 followed by the control as well as plants applied with PCM, Yama
BYM, cocodust compost, vermicompost fertilizers having ratings of 3. While bioganic and
cattle manure had the least flea beetle occurrence of 2.5.In the diamond back moth
infestation plants with the application of yamabym and mushroom compost had the highest
occurrence of 3.75 followed by control as well as plants applied with bioganic, cattle
manure, vermicompost having rating of 3.5, and the PCM had the least infested by diamond
back moth of 3.25.
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
Table 10. Insect pest occurrence
TREATMENT
FLEA
DIAMOND BACK MOTH
BEETLE
Control
3a
3.5a
Bioganic
2.5a
3.5a
PCM
3a
3.25a
Yama BYM
3a
3.75a
Cattle manure
2.5a
3.5a
Cocodust compost
3a
3.5a
Mushroom compost
3.5a
3.75a
Vermicompost
3a
3.5a
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level using DMRT
Flea Beetle and Diamond Back Moth Rating
Description Reaction
5
None of the foliage of the plant in the
Highly resistant
plants is damage
4
1-25% of the foliage of the plants in the
Resistant
plot are eaten by the larvae
3
6-50% of the foliage of all the plants in
Moderate resistant
the plot are eaten by the larvae
2
51-75% of the foliage of all the plants in
Susceptible
the ploy are eaten by the larvae
1
Only the veins of the plants in the plot are Very susceptible
left
Soil Analysis
Table 1 show that the soil in the experimental area before and preparation had a pH
of 5.63 and contained 2.5% organic matter; 0.05% nitrogen; 63 ppm phosphorous; 408
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
potassium. After the organic fertilizers were applied, the soil had a pH of 5.85; organic
matter 2.0%; 0.07% nitrogen; 88ppm phosphorous; 240 potassium.
Table 11. Soil analysis
pH
OM%
N
P
K
Before
5.63
2.5
0.05
63
408
After
5.85
2.0
0.07
88
240
Meteorological Data
The maximum temperature were 22.2, 19.9, 20.6 and 23.7 oC while in the minimum
temperature were 15.1, 13.1, 13.2 and 18.8 oC; relative humidity were 83, 80, 84 and
98%;rainfall were 21, 1.33, 0.1 and 0.5 mm; sunshine duration were 348.7, 32 and 360
minutes in October, November, December and January.
Table 12. Meteorological data
TEMPERATURE
RH (%)
RAINFALL
SUNSHINE
(oC)
(mm)
DURATION
MONTH
Min Max
(mins.)
OCTOBER
15.1 22.2
83
21
343.7
NOVEMBER
13.1 19.9
80
1.33
329
DECEMBER
1.2 20.6
84
0.1
377.7
JANUARY
18.8 23.7
98
0.5
360.0
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
Cost and Return Analysis
Table 13 shows the cost and return analysis. Plants applied with Yama BYM significantly
obtained the highest return on investment of 381.53 followed by the plants applied with
bioganic of 354.64, PCM of 150.70, cocodust compost of 62.16,cattle manure of 4.18,
vermicompost of 54.67, control of 47.69, mushroom compost of 25.75. The plants applied
with cattle manure had the lowest return on investment of 5.6.
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
Table 13. Cost and return analysis
TREATMENTS
ITEMS
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
T8
Yield(kg)
2
14.50
8.25
15.75
2.75
6.25
2.75
7.25
Sales(Php)
120
870
495
945
165
375
165
435
Farm
Inputs
(Php)
Seeds
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
PCM
-
110
-
-
-
-
-
-
Bioganic
-
-
115
-
-
-
-
-
Yama BYM
-
-
-
115
-
-
-
-
Cattle
-
-
-
-
75
-
-
-
manure
Cocodust
-
-
-
-
-
130
-
-
compost
Mushroom
-
-
-
-
-
-
50
-
compost
Vermicompost
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
200
Plastic
56.25 56.25
56.25
56.25
56.25
56.25
56.25
56.25
Total Expenses 81.25 191.25 196.25 196.25 156.25 231.25
131.25 281.25
Net Income
38.75 678.25 298.75 748.75 8.75
143.75
33.75
153.75
ROI (%)
47.69 354.64 150.70 381.53 5.6
62.16
25.71
54.67
Rank
6
2
3
1
8
4
7
5
Note: The selling per kilogram was Php.60.00
T1- Control (No fertlizer applied)
T2- Bioganic
T3- PCM
T4- Yama BYM
T5- Cattle manure
T6- Cocodust compost
T7- Mushroom compost
T8- Vermicompost
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted at Balili Organic Farm Benguet State University, La
Trinidad Benguet from October 2012 to January 2013 to evaluate the growth and yield of
chinese cabbage applied with different organic fertilizers, determine the best organic
fertilizer suitable for chinese cabbage and to determine the economics of using the different
organic fertilizers in chinese cabbage production.
Based on the results, there were no significant differences on the number of days from
transplanting to harvesting. However, numerical data shows that plants with no fertilizers
applied had the longest number of days from transplanting to harvesting with a mean of
66.75. Plants applied with bioganic had the least number of days of 64.50 to reach the
harvesting stage from transplanting. Plants applied with Yama BYM significantly had the
longest head length of 27.90 cm. The plants applied with mushroom compost with a of
21.50cm had the shortest length but statistically comparable to the plants applied with
vermicompost as well as the plants without fertilizer applied. The application of Yama
BYM induced the production of wider head circumference with a mean of 33.90 cm. The
plants in the control treatment with no fertilizer applied were observed as having the least
equatorial circumference with a mean of 21.10 cm. Plants applied with Yama BYM and
bioganic was observed to haves significantly the most compact heads of 2.45 and 2.40 cm,
respectively. The control or plants with no fertilizer applied had the least compact heading
with a mean of 1.40. Plants applied with Yama BYM significantly had highest percentage
of heading with a mean of 90.83. The control or plants with no fertilizer application
obtained the lowest percentage of heading having a mean of 14.17. Plants applied with
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
Yama BYM obtained the highest marketable yield of 3.94 kg, the control or plants with no
fertilizers applied had the lowest marketable yield of 0.50 kg. There were no significant
statistical differences on the non-marketable yield as affected by different organic
fertilizers applied. However, numerical figure reveals that plants applied with cattle manure
had the highest non-marketable yield (1.40 kg). The control or plants not applied with
fertilizer having a mean of 0.73 kg. Plants applied with either Yama BYM or bioganic
significantly obtained the highest total yield of 5.04 and 4.80 kg respectively. The lowest
total yields of 1.23 were noted on the control or treatment where no fertilizers were applied.
Plants applied with Yama BYM significantly obtained the highest total yield of 10.08 kg,
but are comparable with plants applied with boiganic (9.60 kg) while the control or with
no fertilizer applied had the lowest total yield of 2.45 kg. Plants applied with Yama BYM
significantly had obtained the highest return on investment of 381.53 %. The plants applied
with cattle manure had the lowest return on investment of 5.6 %.
Conclusion
Based on the result there were no significant differences on the number of days
from transplanting to harvesting. However head length, head equatorial circumference,
head compactness, percentage of heading, marketable and total yield were significantly
higher with the application either of Yama BYM or bioganic from which higher return of
investment was obtained at 381.53 % and 354.64 %, respectively.
Recommendation
It is therefore recommended that the best organic fertilizer suitable for Chinese
cabbage production was the application of Yama BYM or bioganic to have longer, wider,
more compact heads, and higher return on investment.
Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013
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Growth and Yield of Chinese cabbageCv. Green Cool as affected by different organic
fertilizer | ALFONSO, HENRILYN P. APRIL. 2013