BIBLIOGRAPHY GASILANG, RONA C. MAY 2010....
BIBLIOGRAPHY
GASILANG, RONA C. MAY 2010. Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily
(Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and Different Potting Media.
Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet
Adviser: Araceli G. Ladilad, PhD.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted at the Ornamental Horticulral Research Area of Benguet
State University, La Trinidad, Benguet from September 2009 to April 2010, to determine
the effect of different light intensity and potting media on the growth and flowering of
Benguet Lily and identify the best potting media mixes which will improve cutflower
yield, quality and vaselife and best light intensity that will promote good growth and
flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis).
Results show that plants grown in potting media combination of 1:1:1:1 mountain
soil+BSU compost+ horse manure+ alnus leaves compost grow under Full Sun were the
earliest to form flower buds (1cm bud size), had the highest leaf count and had the
longest length of flower buds at tight bud stage. Final height, number of days from
flower bud formation to tight bud stage 25% and 50% anthesis were not significantly
affected by different potting media used and were similar in growth and flowering
characteristics when grown under full sun (>1000fc), partial shade (500-1000 fc), deep
shade (100-150fc).
Based on the results of the study 1:1:1:1 mountain soil+ BSU compost+ horse
manure+ alnus compost as growing media for Benguet Lily and grown under Full sun
(>1000fc) is therefore recommended for the improvement of growth and flowering of
Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis).
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography…………...………………………………………………………... i
Abstract……. ……….………………………………………………………….
i
Table of Contents………………….………….…………………………………
ii
INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………….... 1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE…………………………………………………...
2
MATERIALS AND METHODS………………………………………………..
5
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………………………………...
11
Vegetative Growth ………………………………………………………….
11
Initial Height at Transplanting
and Final Height Flowering ………………………………………….
11
Initial Number of Leaves One
Week After Transplanting and
Final Number of Leaves at Flowering………………………………..
14
Number of Days from Transplanting
to Flower Bud Formation (1 cm bud size) …………...………..……..
17
Number of Days from Flower Bud For-
mation to Tight Bud Stage 25% anthesis……………………..……....
17
Number of Days from Flower Bud For-
mation to Tight Bud Stage 50% anthesis……………………………...
20
Cutflower Quality …………………………………………………………...
20
Length of Flower Bud
at Tight Bud Stage …………………………………………………….
20
Meteorological Data……………………………………………...……
23
ii
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION………………….
24
Summary……………………………………………………………….
25
Conclusion………………..……………………………………………
25
Recommendation……………………………………………………....
25
LITERATURE CITED…………………………………….……………………
26
APPENDICES……….…………..…………………………………………....... 27
iii
INTRODUCTION
Liliums are familiar cut flower and potted plants for it have the power to catch the
eye whether they are wild or in a border or in a bunch of cut flowers and they have a
presence that is impossible to ignore. The Lily family is compost of 240 genera and 4,000
species and many of which are economically important. Aside from its important, it is
gaining popularity because of its superior quality as a cutflower.
Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) belongs to the herbaceous plant family
Liliaceae. It is seldom used since they produced one or two flowers per plant and is
described to have round bulbs, erect stem, linear shaped leaves, and profusely flowering
during the month of May to August. The flowers measures 5-7 cm long with either one or
two blossom on the stalk. It is also used as symbol of beauty, purity and peace.The
Benguet Lily, (putputak/dupdupak/canyon to locals) is a rare species of white lilium
found only in the colder areas of Benguet and Mountain Province in the Philippine Is. It
is threatened due to the destruction of its natural habitat and the failure of horticulturists
to domesticate it.
The study was conducted at the Ornamental Horticultural Research Area from
September 2009 to April 2010 to determine the effect of light intensity and different
potting media in the growth and flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis).
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Potting Media
Compost and leaf mold was once a major compound of potting mixes. Mature
compost contributes nutrients and increases the readily available water content of
otherwise very open mixes. In increasing the volume of compost made from general
organic waste mainly of garden origin, from sewage sludge’s and from municipal solid
waste. Furthermore, Poincelot (1980) reported that the actual nutrient requirement of
horticultural crop is based on several parameters. They include soil diagnosis to
determine the total nutrients, the available nutrients and the factors contributing ton a
nutrient unavailability, and plant diagnosis to determine the actual amount of nutrient
absorbed by the plant. Together; these are correlated to establish a relationship
concentration of the plant tissue to influence by the leaves of various nutrients in the soil.
Brady (1984) as cited by Allan (1999) mentioned that organic matter is compost
of living or dead plants and animal residues which are very active and important portion
of soilage. They protect soil against erosion, supplies cementing substances for desirable
aggregation formation and it loosens the soil to provide better aeration and water
movement.
He further considered that the farm manures are degraded plant materials and they
tend to increase the yield crops. The nutrient element taken by the animal manures are
valuable sources of both microelement and macro element.
As stated by Einert (1972), rice hull provide a light to medium texture with good
drainage and aeration and does not affect soil ph. Rice hull are good as soil amendments
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
3
especially in heavy clay soils. He further stated that maximum effectiveness obtained
when rice hull is not more than 20% by volume of potting media.
Adamson and Maas (1971) revealed that sawdust is good potting media in foliage
plant. However, it should not be more than 25% by volume of potting mixture.
In 1994, Oryan found that 1:1:1: 1 part by weight of garden soil, horse manure,
sand and compost greatly improved the vegetative growth and flowering of African violet
grown in pots under partial shade. The media mixture of 1: 1: 1 part by weight of garden
soil, horse manure, sand and compost produced the tallest plants and had the higher leaf
count ant anthesis and initiated flower bud earlier in chrysanthemum (Acop, 1987).
Gabawan (1999) found that 1: 1: 1: 1 pats by weight of garden soil, horse manure
and compost had greatly improved the vegetative growth and reproductive ability of
geranium plants.
Light Intensity
Light intensity influences the manufacture of plant food, stem length, leaf color
and flowering. Generally speaking, plant grows in low light tends to be spindly with light
green leaves. A similar plant grown in very bright area tends to be shorter, with better
branches and have larger, dark green leaves. It is also sufficient for photosynthesis to
produce carbohydrates for the plant to grow. Light intensity which is important to
photosynthesis can be measured in units of foot- candles and is concerned only with
visible light. Full sunlight on a clear summer day has an intensity of 10, 000 foot-
candles. A classroom will have an intensity of about 100 foot- candles. Photosynthesis
and hence rate of plant growth will increase linearly with increase in light intensity from
about 100 foot- candles to about 2500 foot- candles. A large number of plants are more
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
4
efficient in use of sunlight and will increase in their rates of photosynthesis up to 10,000
foot- candles. Most plants which are adaptable to growing indoors become saturated with
light about 2,500 foot- candles.
Effect Light Intensity on Plants
Sunlight is the main source of energy for all plants growth. Light is essential in
stimulating such events as the differentiation of plant tissues and organs. Through the
utilization of sunlight, plant synthesized carbohydrates and other sugars which are used to
keep the plant alive. Other organic compound synthesized by green plants through
photosynthesis is used either directly or indirectly by every living organism on earth. . All
of the valuables that come and out of the photosynthetic process are limited by light
quantity and quality (Boardman, 1977).
Martin (1988) stated that, plant leaves that develop in full sunlight often are quite
different from those that grow in the shade. Sun leaves exhibit greater rates of
transpiration, respiration and photosynthesis than shade leaves and they dissipate heat
more efficiently. Sun leaves are also thicker in cross section than shade leaves, and they
contain more water area of leaf. These features were adaptation that improves efficiency
of sun leaves hot, bright environment.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The materials used were Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) seedlings,
labeling materials, polyethylene black plastic bags (5X10), greenhouse tools, watering
can, and with potting mixture consisting of mountain soil, 1:1: mountain soil + alnus
compost, 1:1:1:1 mountain soil+ BSU compost+ horse manure+ sawdust, 1:1:1:1:
mountain soil+ BSU compost + horse manure+ alnus compost, garden soil,1:1 garden
soil+ alnus compost, 1:1:1:1 garden soil+BSU compost+ horse manure+ saw dust, garden
soil+ BSU compost+ horse manure+ alnus compost.
The study was laid-out following the Randomized Complete Block Design
(RCBD) arrangement wherein Factor A was the different light levels; and the different
potting media as Factor B. There were three replications per treatment combination with
three sample plants per replication.
The treatments were as follows;
Factor A =Light Level
Code Description Light Intensities (Foot candles)
L1 Full sun
>1,000
L2 Partial shade 500-1,000
L3 Deep shade 100-150
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
6
Factor B= Potting media
Code Description
P1 Mountain Soil (Control 1)
P2 Garden Soil (Control 2)
P3 1:1 Mountain Soil+ Alnus Compost
P4 1:1:1:1 Mountain Soil+ BSU Compost+ Horse
Manure +Saw Dust
P5 1:1:1:1 Mountain Soil+ BSU Compost + Horse
Manure+ Alnus Compost
P6 1:1 Garden soil+ Alnus Compost
P7 1:1:1:1 Garden Soil+ BSU Compost+ Horse
Manure +Saw Dust
P8 1:1:1:1 Garden Soil+ BSU Compost + Horse
Manure+ Alnus Compost
Seedlings of Benguet Lily were planted in polyethylene plastic bags measuring 15
cm in diameter. The soil used for planting was taken from the mountain slopes where
Benguet Lily was observed abundantly growing. Potting media to be used were mountain
soil, garden soil, alnus compost, BSU compost, horse manure and saw dust. All
recommended cultural practices required for growing Benguet Lily was employed
uniformly on all treatments to produce quality cutflowers.
Data gathered was tabulated, computed and the means compared using the
Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) were the following,
A. Vegetative Growth
1. Initial height (cm).This was obtained by measuring the height of the plant two
weeks after transplanting.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
7
2. Final height of plant at flowering (cm). This was obtained by measuring the
final height of the plant from the base up to the flower tip at tight bud stage.
3. Initial and final number of leaves at flowering. This was done by counting the
number of leaves per plant two weeks after transplanting.
B. Reproductive Growth
1. Number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation. This was obtained
by counting the days from having 1 cm bud size to tight bud stage.
2. Number of days from flower bud formation to tight bud stage 25% and50%
anthesis. This was counted from the time the plants started to form flower bud up to tight
bud stage.
C. Cutflower Quality
1. Length of flower at tight bud stage (cm). This was obtained by measuring the
length of the f lower buds at tight bud stage.
D. Meteorological data. This was taken from BSU. PAG- ASA station. The data
will include Daylength (minutes), Rainfall (mm), (C0) Temperature, Relative Humidity
(%).
E. Documentation through pictures. This was taken after planting the seedlings
and after gathering all the needed data for the study Figures 1- 3.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
8
Figure 1. Benguet Lily plants grown in full sun at seedling stage and at flowering
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
9
Figure 2. Benguet Lily plants grown in partial shade at seedling stage and at flowering
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
10
Figure 3. Benguet Lily plants grown in deep shade at seedling stage and at flowering
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Vegetative Growth
Initial Height at Transplanting and
Final Height at Flowering
Effect of light levels. The effect of different light levels on the initial height and
final height of Benguet Lily is shown in Table 1. Results show that there were no
significant differences on the initial height of Benguet Lily grown under full sun, partial
shade and deep shade. However, final height of Benguet Lily grown under different light
levels showed significant differences. Plants grown under deep shade was the tallest with
a mean of 47.61cm and was followed Partial Shade with a mean of 38.15 cm and Full
Sun with a mean of 33.53 cm.
Oryan in 1994 found that 1:1:1 part by weight of garden soil, horse manure and
compost greatly improved the vegetative growth and flowering of African violets grown
in pots under partial shade.
Effect of different potting media. Result showed significant differences on the
final height of Benguet Lily at flowering stage as affected by different potting media.
However, plants grown in potting media consisting of mountain soil+ BSU compost+
horse manure+ alnus compost was the tallest with a mean of 53.58 cm and was followed
by plants grown in potting media consisting mountain soil+ alnus compost with a mean
of 46.26 cm. Result further showed that the shortest plant at flowering were observed in
plants planted in garden soil only with a mean of 33.53 cm.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
12
Table1. Initial height one week after transplanting and final height at flowering
PLANT HEIGHT (cm)
TREATMENT
INITIAL HEIGHT FINAL HEIGHT
Light Levels
Full
Sun 10.10a
33.53b
Partial
Shade
9.94a
38.15b
Deep
Shade
9.79a
47.61a
Growing Media
Mountain
Soil
9.82a
36.82bc
Mountain Soil+ Alnus Compost
9.95a
46.26ab
Mountain Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Saw Dust
9.56a
39.92bc
Mountain Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Alnus Compost
9.83a
53.58a
Garden
Soil
10.27a
33.43c
Garden
Soil+Alnus
Compost
9.33a
38.36bc
Garden
Soil+BSU
Compost+
Horse Manure+Saw Dust
9.96a
36.44bc
Garden Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Alnus Compost
10.30a
36.29bc
________________________________________________________________________
CV
(%) 14.20
26.27
Means with the common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Interaction effect. Figure 4 shows that plants grown in a potting media consisting
of 1:1:1:1 mountain soil+ BSU compost+ horse manure+ alnus compost were the tallest
at flowering when grown under deep shade.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
13
70
a
ab
abc
Mountain Soil
60
abcd
Mountain Soil+Alnus Compost
abcdef
abcde
50
Mountain Soil+BSU
cdefg
bcdefg
Compost+Horse manure+Saw
m)
c
Dust
(
40
ht
defg
defg
defg
defg
Mountain Soil+BSU
i
g
defg
efg
Compost+Horse
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efg
efg
efg
Manure+Alnus Compost
efg efg
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F
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30
g
Garden Soil
g
Garden soil+Alnus Compost
20
Garden Soil+ BSU
Compost+Horse Manure +Saw
10
Dust
Garden Soil+BSU
Compost+Horse
Manure+Alnus Compost
0
Ful Sun
Partial Shade
Deep Shade
Light intensity level
Figure 4. Final height at flowering
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
14
Initial Number of Leaves One week after Transplanting
and Final Number of Leaves at Flowering
Effect of light levels. There were no significant differences on plants grown under
full sun, partial shade, and deep shade. However, final height of plants grown under full
sun has higher leaf count with a mean of 90.67 followed by plants grown under deep
shade with a mean of 49.21and partial shade with a mean of 39.63.
Effect of different potting media. In Table 2, it was showed that there were no
significant differences on the initial number of leaves. However, table 2 also shows
significant differences on its final height. Plants grown in potting media consisting
mountain soil, BSU compost, horse manure and alnus compost had more number of
leaves with a mean of 83.44 as compared to garden soil with a mean of 34.22.
Caballo (2001) found that Milflores grown in media composition of 1:1:1
hortiperl, alnus compost, cow manure had the highest leaf count produced. Aladog (2005)
also found that potting media mixture of 1:1:1 alnus compost, chicken manure, and
garden soil significantly produce the highest number of leaves in Zinnia Plants.
Interaction
effect. Statistical analysis shows that plants grown in potting media
consisting of mountain soil, BSU compost, horse manure and alnus compost obtained
significant differences on number of leaf counted grown under full sun.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
15
Table 2. Initial number of leaves one week after transplanting and final number of leaves
at flowering
TREATMENT INITIAL NUMBER FINAL NUMBER
OF LEAVES OF LEAVES
Light Levels
Full
Sun 6.21a
90.67a
Partial
Shade
6.71a
39.63b
Deep
Shade
7.25a
49.21b
Growing Media
Mountain
Soil
6.00a
38.88dc
Mountain Soil+ Alnus Compost
7.56a
66.33ab
Mountain Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Saw Dust
7.22a
72.11ab
Mountain Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Alnus Compost
7.78a
83.44a
Garden
Soil
7.11a
34.22d
Garden Soil+Alnus Compost
6.33a
55.00bc
Garden
Soil+BSU
Compost+
Horse Manure+Saw Dust
5.78a
56.67bc
Garden Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Alnus Compost
6.00a
72.00ab
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CV
(%) 27.64
33.57
Means with the common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
16
160
a
140
ab
Mountain Soil
120
ab
Mountain Soil+Alnus
Compost
b
bc
100
Mountain Soil+ BSU
Compost+ Horse
s
Manure+Saw Dust
e
Mountain Soil+ BSU
80
Compost+Horse
Manure+Alnus Composrt
f
l
eav
Garden Soil
o
dc
er
b
cde
de
m
60
Garden Soil+Alnus Compost
Nu
de
de
de
de
de
de
de
de
Garden Soil+BSU
40
de
Compost+Horse
de
de
de
de
de
Manure+Saw Dust
de
Garden Soil+BSU
e
Compost+Horse
Manure+Alnus Compost
20
0
Ful Sun
Partial Shade
Deep Shade
Light intensity level
Figure 5. Final number of leaves at flowering
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
17
Reproductive Growth
Number of Days from Transplanting to
Flower Bud Formation (1cm bud size)
Effect of light levels. Result showed no significant differences on plants as
affected by light levels. However, plants grown under full sun were the earliest to form
buds with a mean of 115.50 days followed by deep shade with a mean of 118.33 days and
partial shade with a mean of 119.08 days.
Effect of potting media. Result showed that there were significant differences on
the number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation as affected by different
potting media as showed in Table 3. Plant grown in 1:1:1:1 garden soil were the latest to
form flower buds with a mean of 125.78 days while plants grown in 1:1:1:1 garden soil,
BSU compost, horse manure and alnus compost were the earliest to form flower bud with
a mean of 104.88 days.
Cais (1996) found that potting media consisting 1:1:1:1 of wood shaving, saw
dust, cow manure, sunflower leaves, showed the earliest buds in anthurium.
Interaction effect. Plant grown in potting media combination of garden soil, BSU
compost, and horse manure and alnus compost showed significant differences on the
number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation (1cm bud size).
Number of Days from Flower Bud Formation
to Tight Bud Stage (25% Anthesis)
Effect of light levels. Table 4 shows no significant differences on the plant grown
under full sun, partial shade, and deep shade. Plants grown in full sun had slight
difference on the days from flower bud formation with a mean of 22.63 followed by
partial shade with a mean of 22.83 and deep shade with a mean of 23.04.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
18
Table 3. Number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation (1cm bud size)
MEAN
TREATMENT
(Days)
Light Levels
Full Sun
115.50a
Partial Shade
119.08a
Deep Shade
118.33a
Growing Media
Mountain Soil
125.78a
Mountain Soil+ Alnus Compost
113.44ab
Mountain Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Saw Dust
119.11ab
Mountain Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Alnus Compost
112.68ab
Garden Soil
125.78a
Garden Soil+Alnus Compost
112.00ab
Garden Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Saw Dust
116.78ab
Garden Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Alnus Compost
104.88b
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CV (%)
14.49%
Means with the common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Effect of potting media. Result showed that there were no significant differences
on the duration of flower bud formation to tight bud stage (25% anthesis) as affected by
different potting media used as shown in Table 4. However, plant grown in garden soil
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
19
Table 4. Number of days from flower bud formation to tight bud stage (25% Anthesis)
MEANS
TREATMENT
(Days)
Light Levels
Full Sun
22.63a
Partial Shade
22.83a
Deep Shade
23.04a
Growing Media
Mountain Soil
22.67a
Mountain Soil+ Alnus Compost
22.33a
Mountain Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Saw Dust
22.89a
Mountain Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Alnus Compost
22.22a
Garden Soil
24.00a
Garden Soil+Alnus Compost
23.11a
Garden Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Saw Dust
22.67a
Garden Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Alnus Compost
22.78a
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CV (%)
7.86
Means with the common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
only was the late to form flower bud at tight bud stage with a mean of 24.00 days
while plants grown in 1:1:1:1 mountain soil, BSU compost, horse manure and alnus
compost were the earliest to form flower bud formation at tight bud stage with a mean of
22.22 days.
Interaction
effect. There were no interaction effects noted between the light levels
and different potting media used with regards to the number of days from flower bud
formation to tight bud stage (25% anthesis).
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
20
Number of Days from Flower Bud Formation
to Tight Bud Stage to 50% Anthesis
Effect of light levels. Result shows that significant differences on plants planted
under light levels as showed in Table 5. Plant grown under deep shade was the earliest in
number of days from flower bud formation to tight bud stage to 50% anthesis with a
mean of 27.38 days while plants grown under full sun and partial shade with slight
difference with a mean of 29.58 days and 28.38 days.
Effect of potting media. Table 5 shows the number of days from flower bud
formation to tight bud stage to 50 % anthesis as affected by different potting media. Plant
grown in garden soil only were late to form flower bud to tight bud stage to 50% anthesis
with a mean of 29.44 days while plants grown in 1:1:1:1 mountain soil, BSU compost,
horse manure, alnus compost were the earliest to form flower bud formation to tight bud
stage to 50 % anthesis with a mean of 26.33 days.
Interaction
effect. There were no interaction effects observed between the light
levels and different potting media used with regards to the number of days from flower
bud formation to tight bud stage to 50% anthesis.
Cutflower Quality
Length of Flower Buds at Tight Bud Stage
Effect of light levels. Result showed no significant differences on plants grown
under full sun (>1000fc), partial shade (500-1000fc) and deep shade (100-150 fc).
Effect of potting media. In Table 6, it was showed significant differences on
potting media used. Plants grown in potting media consisting of mountain soil, BSU
compost, horse manure and alnus compost had the longest length of flower bud at tight
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
21
Table 5. Number of days from flower bud formation to tight bud stage (50% Anthesis)
MEAN
TREATMENT
(Days)
Light Levels
Full Sun
29.58a
Partial Shade
28.38ab
Deep Shade
27.38b
Growing Media
Mountain Soil
28.89a
Mountain Soil+ Alnus Compost
29.11a
Mountain Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Saw Dust
27.56ab
Mountain Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Alnus Compost
26.33b
Garden Soil
29.44a
Garden Soil+Alnus Compost
28.88a
Garden Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Saw Dust
28.56ab
Garden Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Alnus Compost
28.78a
CV (%)
7.87
Means with the common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
bud stage with a mean of 7.40 cm while potting media consisting of mountain
soil, BSU compost, horse manure and saw dust were the shortest with a mean of 5.92.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
22
Table 6. Length of flower buds at tight bud stage
LENGTH OF FLOWER AT
TIGHT BUD STAGE
TREATMENT
(cm)
Light Levels
Full Sun
6.44a
Partial Shade
6.68a
Deep Shade
6.50a
Growing Media
Mountain Soil
6.60ab
Mountain Soil+ Alnus Compost
6.44ab
Mountain Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Saw Dust
5.92b
Mountain Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Alnus Compost
7.40a
Garden Soil
6.29ab
Garden Soil+Alnus Compost
6.43ab
Garden Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Saw Dust
6.41ab
Garden Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Alnus Compost
6.83ab
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CV (%)
18.03
Means with the common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Interaction effect. There were no interaction effects noted between the light levels
and different potting media used with regards to the length of flower bud formation to
tight bud stage.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
23
Meteorological Data
Meteorological data obtained in BSU PAG-ASA, Balili, La Trinidad, Benguet on
September 2009- April 2010 is shown in Table 7. Relative humidity increased during the
month of November to April during the study period and had decreased during the month
of September to October. The maximum and minimum temperatures were the highest
temperature during the months April while the rest of the growing season had low
temperatures during the month of September to March. Rainfall had the highest during
the month of April while the month of January had the longest Daylength.
Table 7. Meteorological data
RELATIVE TEMPERATURE DAYLENGTH
MONTH HUMIDITY (Min) (Max) RAINFALL (Min)
Sept-09
90
24.7 17.6
18.2 735.0
Oct-09
96
23.0 15.3
2.8
708.3
Nov-09
84
24.7 13.8 00.0 605.0
Dec-09
81
23.7 10.9 1.0 673.4
Jan-10
81
23.0 12.5 00.0 780.0
Feb-10
83
23.5 12.0 00.0 700.3
March-10
83
25.0 16.0 1.2 728.2
April-10
80
26.1 18.1 21.7 731.0
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted at Ornamental Horticultural Research Area of Benguet
State University, La Trinidad, Benguet from September 2009- May 2010 to determine the
effect light intensity and different potting media on the growth and flowering of Benguet
Lily (Lilium philippinensis) and identify which potting media mixes that is suitable for
Benguet Lily production.
Results showed that there were significant differences in some of the data
gathered. Taller plants were noted from those plant grown under deep shade with potting
media consisting of 1:1:1:1 mountain soil+ BSU compost+ horse manure+ alnus
compost, higher number of leaves were counted from those plants grown under full sun
(>1000fc) with potting media consisting of mountain soil+ BSU compost+ horse
manure+ alnus compost followed by garden soil+ BSU compost+ horse manure+ alnus
compost, earliest to form flower bud (1cm bud size) were those plants grown under full
sun (>1000fc) with potting media consisting of garden soil+ BSU compost+ horse
manure+ alnus compost, fastest to form flower bud to tight bud stage 25% and 50%
anthesis are plants grown under deep shade (100-150 fc) with potting media consisting of
mountain soil+ BSU compost+ horse manure+ alnus compost. Lastly length of flower
bud size at tight bud stage was observed on plants grown under full sun (>1000 fc) with
potting media consisting mountain soil+ BSU compost+ horse manure+ alnus compost.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
25
Conclusion
Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that a potting medium of 1:1:1:1
mountain soil+ BSU compost+ horse manure+ alnus compost should be used as potting
media in Lilium philippinesis and grown under full sun (>1000fc) to improve the growth
and flowering of Benguet Lily.
Recommendation
From the preceding results, the use of 1:1:1:1 mountain soil+ BSU compost+
horse manure+ alnus compost as growing media for Benguet Lily and grown under full
sun is therefore recommended for the improvement of the growth and flowering of
Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis). Other studies on Benguet Lily is recommended to
be conducted with the use of potting media consisting of garden soil+ BSU compost+
horse manure+ alnus compost to validate results.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
LITERATURE CITED
ADAMSON, R. M. and E. F. MAAS.1971. Sawdust and other substitutes and other sub-
titutes and amendments in greenhouse tomato production. Hort.Sci.6(4):379-399
ACOP, C.C. 1987. Effect of different potting media on the growth and flowering of chry-
santhemum. BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 25.
ALADOG, N. K. 2005. Effect of different potting media on the growth and flowering of
Zinnia
(Zinnia elegans). BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 13.
ALLAN, B. G. 1999. Response of rose (Rosa hybrida) to different potting media compo-
sition. BS Thesis. BSU, La Tinidad, Benguet. P. 36.
BRADY, N. 1984. The Nature and Properties of Soil. New York: Macmillan Pub. Co.Pp.
638-649.
BOARDMAN, N.K. 1977. Comparative Photosynthesis of Sun and Shade Plant. Annual
Review of Plant Physiology, 28:355-377.
CABALO, C. F. 2001. Growth and flowering of Milflores (Hydrangea macrophylla) as
affected by the different media compositions. BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad, Ben-
guet. P. 19.
CAIS, A. L. 1996. Effect of different potting media on the growth and flowering of An-
thurium CU. Kansako plants. BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 15.
EINERT, A. E. 1972. Performance of rice hull media for plant Easter Lilies under three
farming system. Hort. Sci. 1(1):60:61.
GABAWAN, J.B.1999. Response of container- grown Impatient Sultani to different pot-
ting media. BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet. P.10.
MARTIN, G. 1988. Plant Physiology. The American Society of Plant Physiologies. P.16.
ORYAN, J.O. 1994. Effect of different potting media on the growth and flowering of Af
-rican violet. BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 5.
POINCELOT, R. P. 1980. Horticulture: Principles and Practices Application. New York:
Prentice Hall Inc. P. 210.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
APPENDICES
Appendix Table 1. Initial Height
REPLICATION
TREATMENT I II III TOTAL MEAN
L1P1 9.6 8.5 9.0 27.1 9
L1P2 10.0 10.8 12.7 33.5
11
L1P3 9.0 9.0 9.0 27.0 9
L1P4 9.5 12.0 11.0 32.5 11
L1P5 10.7 11.0 8.0 29.9 10
L1P6 12.0 9.0 9.0 30.0 10
L1P7 11.8 8.8 10.0 30.6 10
L1P8 13.0 10.0 9.0 32.0 11
L2P1 10.0 9.0 9.0 28.0 9
L2P2 9.0 9.0 11.0 29.0 10
L2P3 12.0 10.6 9.0 31.6 10
L2P4 10.0 10.0 8.0 28.0 9
L2P5 10.0 11.0 12.0 33.0 11
L2P6 9.0 10.0 9.0 28.0 9
L2P7 9.0 12.0 8.0 29.0 10
L2P8 11.0 9.0 12.0 32.0 11
L3P1 9.0 11.6 12.7 33.3 11
L3P2 8.0 12.0 10.0 30.0 10
L3P3 10.0 9.4 9.8 29.2 10
L3P4 12.0 8.0 8.0 28.0 9
L3P5 8.8 9.7 11.3 29.8 10
L3P6 9.0 9.0 8.0 26.0 9
L3P7 11.0 10.0 9.0 30.0 10
L3P8 9.0 10.7 9.0 28.7 9
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCES OF DEGREE OF SUM OF MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE F 0.05 0.01
Factor A
2
1.14 0.57
0.29 0.7524
Factor B
7
7.07 1.00
0.51 0.8248
AXB 14
25.96 1.85
0.93 0.5346
ERROR
46
91.67 1.00
TOTAL
71
126.786
ns = Not significant
Coefficient of Variation= 14.95 %
*= Significant
**= Highly significant
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
28
Appendix Table 2. Final height (cm)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
I II III TOTAL MEAN
L1P1 32.0 28.0 31.0 91.0 30
L1P2 33.2 32.0 61.7 126.9 42
L1P3 33.0 29.9 36.8 99.7 33
L1P4 34.0 38.0 40.0 112.0 37
L1P5 21.5 35.0 31.4 87.9 29
L1P6 35.6 30.0 24.0 89.6 30
L1P7 28.6 34.0 35.5 98.1 33
L1P8 36.0 30.6 32.9 99.5 33
L2P1 25.9 29.0 30.0 84.9 28
L2P2 35.0 32.0 31.6 98.6 33
L2P3 30.0 29.4 33.5 96.9 32
L2P4 54.5 72.2 60.0 186.7 62
L2P5 38.5 36.0 39.0 113.5 38
L2P6 57.1 42.0 50.0 149.1 50
L2P7 24.3 26.0 28.0 78.3 26
L2P8 39.0 35.0 37.5 111.5 37
L3P1 33.0 34.0 31.0 98.0 33
L3P2 81.0 53.3 56.5 190.8 64
L3P3 30.8 92.0 43.9 166.7 56
L3P4 82.5 41.0 60.0 183.5 61
L3P5 45.0 30.0 55.0 130.0 43
L3P6 32.0 38.0 36.5 106.5 36
L3P7 50.0 41.0 60.6 151.6 51
L3P8 40.0 38.6 37.0 115.6 39
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCES OF DEGREE OF SUM OF MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE F 0.05 0.01
Factor A
2 2474.17 1237.09 11.34** <0.0001
Factor B
7 3184.03 454.86 4.17* 0.0013
AXB
14 3271.92 233.71 2.14* 0.0266
ERROR
46 5017.55 109.08
TOTAL
71 1414.15
ns = Not significant Coefficient of variation= 26.27%
*= Significant
**= Highly significant
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
29
Appendix Table 3. Initial number of leaves
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
I II III TOTAL MEAN
L1P1 5 5 7 17 6
L1P2 5 6 5 16 5
L1P3 6 5 5 16 5
L1P4 6 8 5 19 6
L1P5 9 5 10 24 8
L1P6 5 7 5 17 6
L1P7 5 10 5 20 7
L1P8 6 8 6 20 7
L2P1 8 6 5 19 6
L2P2 7 5 11 23 8
L2P3 5 10 8 23 8
L2P4 11 5 8 24 8
L2P5 5 5 6 16 5
L2P6 9 9 5 23 8
L2P7 5 5 5 15 5
L2P8 5 7 6 18 6
L3P1 5 8 5 18 6
L3P2 10 9 10 29 10
L3P3 5 11 10 26 9
L3P4 11 9 7 27 9
L3P5 6 8 10 24 8
L3P6 5 5 7 17 6
L3P7 7 5 5 17 6
L3P8 5 6 5 16 5
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCES OF DEGREE OF SUM OF MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE F 0.05 0.01
Factor A
2
13.02 6.51 1.89* 0.1631
Factor B
7
38.67 5.52 1.60ns 0.1595
AXB
14
73.42 5.24
1.52ns 0.1422
ERROR
46
158.80 3.45
TOTAL
71
286.44
ns = Not significant Coefficient of variation= 27.64 %
*= Significant
**= Highly significant
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
30
Appendix Table 4. Final number of leaves at flowering
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
I II III TOTAL MEAN
L1P1 28 36 31 95 32
L1P2 128 109 57 294 98
L1P3 143 128 113 384 128
L1P4 129 153 151 433 144
L1P5 29 41 70 140 47
L1P6 85 68 38 19 164
L1P7 57 129 123 309 103
L1P8 123 68 139 330 110
L2P1 27 50 35 112 37
L2P2 36 28 39 103 34
L2P3 26 21 37 84 28
L2P4 40 66 54 160 53
L2P5 32 36 41 109 36
L2P6 60 43 50 153 51
L2P7 24 27 23 74 25
L2P8 40 31 55 126 42
L3P1 31 33 37 101 34
L3P2 88 52 54 194 65
L3P3 31 98 52 181 60
L3P4 79 35 44 158 53
L3P5 30 25 46 101 34
L3P6 38 68 45 151 50
L3P7 33 40 54 127 42
L3P8 46 65 51 162 54
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCES OF DEGREE OF SUM OF MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE F 0.05 0.01
Factor A
2
35327.08 17663.54 43.77** <0.0001
Factor B
7 18238.44 2605.49 6.46* <0.0001
AXB 14 20365.80 1454.70 3.61* 0.0005
ERROR
46 18561.58 403.51
TOTAL
71 92532.00
ns = Not significant
Coefficient of variation= 33.57 %
*= Significant
**= Highly significant
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
31
Appendix Table 5. Number of days to flower bud formation (1cm bud size)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
I II III TOTAL MEAN
L1P1 118 103 105 326 109
L1P2 131 155 99 385 128
L1P3 120 38 114 332 111
L1P4 128 115 117 360 120
L1P5 102 116 136 354 118
L1P6 97 90 110 297 99
L1P7 94 111 103 308 103
L1P8 100 118 96 314 105
L2P1 98 114 141 353 118
L2P2 111 150 139 400 133
L2P3 132 116 112 359 120
L2P4 138 127 116 381 127
L2P5 107 111 96 314 105
L2P6 156 99 108 363 121
L2P7 131 116 122 369 123
L2P8 96 121 100 317 106
L3P1 97 110 128 335 112
L3P2 137 113 97 347 116
L3P3 150 126 104 380 127
L3P4 122 153 115 390 130
L3P5 114 100 139 353 118
L3P6 143 98 107 348 116
L3P7 117 124 133 374 125
L3P8 103 113 97 313 104
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCES OF DEGREE OF SUM OF MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE F 0.05 0.01
Factor A
2
838.11 419.05 1.47ns 0.2394
Factor B
7 3220.61 460.08 1.62ns 0.1540
AXB
14 2381.89 170.13 0.60* 0.8519
ERROR
46 13070.89 284.15
TOTAL
71 19757.27
ns = Not significant Coefficient of variation= 14.49 %
*= Significant
**= Highly significant
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
32
Appendix Table 6. Number of days from flower bud formation to tight bud stage 25%
anthesis
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
I II III TOTAL MEAN
L1P1 23 21 25 69 23
L1P2 21 25 21 67 22
L1P3 20 22 20 62 20
L1P4 24 21 24 69 23
L1P5 22 23 24 69 23
L1P6 25 22 21 68 23
L1P7 21 25 26 72 24
L1P8 22 20 25 67 22
L2P1 21 23 22 66 22
L2P2 23 20 20 63 21
L2P3 25 22 24 71 24
L2P4 22 25 23 70 23
L2P5 21 23 21 65 22
L2P6 23 25 23 71 24
L2P7 26 21 25 72 24
L2P8 23 22 25 70 23
L3P1 24 24 21 69 23
L3P2 22 25 23 70 23
L3P3 25 24 24 70 23
L3P4 20 20 22 62 21
L3P5 24 21 25 70 23
L3P6 26 22 21 69 23
L3P7 24 25 23 72 24
L3P8 21 23 24 68 23
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCES OF DEGREE OF SUM OF MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE F 0.05 0.01
Factor A
2 2.08 1.04 0.32* 0.7251
Factor B
7
19.11 2.73 0.85ns 0.5535
AXB
14 51.47 3.68 1.14ns 0.3594
ERROR
46 148.00 3.22
TOTAL
71 222.00
ns = Not significant
Coefficient of variation= 7.85 %
*= Significant
**= Highly significant
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
33
Appendix Table 7. Number of days from flower bud formation to tight bud stage 50%
anthesis
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
I II III TOTAL MEAN
L1P1 31 28 28 87
29
L1P2 29 28 31 88 29
L1P3 30 31 29 90 30
L1P4 27 32 30 89 30
L1P5 30 31 29 90 30
L1P6 32 28 30 90 30
L1P7 29 31 27 87 29
L1P8 30 28 31 89 30
L2P1 30 31 30 91 30
L2P2 26 30 28 84 28
L2P3 29 26 23 78 26
L2P4 31 23 29 83 28
L2P5 24 30 27 81 27
L2P6 32 29 31 92 31
L2P7 28 31 27 86 29
L2P8 30 31 25 86 29
L3P1 31 26 25 82 27
L3P2 31 29 30 90 30
L3P3 26 30 24 80 27
L3P4 22 22 21 65 22
L3P5 31 29 28 88 29
L3P6 24 30 24 78 26
L3P7 30 25 29 84 28
L3P8 29 31 30 90 30
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCES OF DEGREE OF SUM OF MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE F 0.05 0.01
Factor A
2 58.69 29.34 5.86ns 0.0054
Factor B
7 64.89 9.27 1.85* 0.1004
AXB
14 150.19 10.73 2.14ns 0.0268
ERROR
46 230.55 5.01
TOTAL
71 521.78
ns = Not significant Coefficient of variation= 7.87 %
*= Significant
**= Highly significant
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
34
Appendix Table 8. Length of flower bud at tight bud stage (cm)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
I II III TOTAL MEAN
L1P1 5.4 6.0 7.0 18.4 6
L1P2 6.0 6.0 6.0 18.0 6
L1P3 6.0 5.0 7.0 18.0 6
L1P4 5.0 8.0 8.3 21.3 7
L1P5 7.0 6.2 7.6 20.8 7
L1P6 7.0 6.0 7.0 20.0 7
L1P7 6.0 6.0 7.0 19.0 6
L1P8 7.0 5.0 6.0 18.0 6
L2P1 7.0 6.0 7.0 20.0 7
L2P2 9.0 8.0 6.0 23.0 8
L2P3 5.0 6.0 5.0 16.0 6
L2P4 8.0 7.0 7.0 22.0 7
L2P5 5.0 5.8 9.0 19.8 7
L2P6 6.0 6.0 5.0 17.0 6
L2P7 5.0 6.0 8.0 19.0 6
L2P8 6.0 7.0 10.0 23.0 8
L3P1 8.0 7.0 6.0 21.0 7
L3P2 6.0 5.0 6.0 17.0 6
L3P3 6.3 5.0 7.5 18.8 6
L3P4 6.0 10.0 7.0 23.0 8
L3P5 5.0 6.0 5.0 16.0 5
L3P6 6.0 6.0 8.3 20.3 7
L3P7 7.0 6.7 6.0 19.7 6
L3P8 6.0 5.0 9.0 20.0 7
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCES OF DEGREE OF SUM OF MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE F 0.05 0.01
Factor A
2 0.72 0.36 0.26ns 0.7709
Factor B
7 11.79 1.68 1.21* 0.1354
AXB
14 19.44 1.39 1.00ns 0.4700
ERROR
46 63.96
TOTAL
71 105.23
ns = Not significant
Coefficient of variation= 18.03 %
*= Significant
**= Highly significant
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
35
Appendix Table 7. Meteorological data
RELATIVE TEMPERATURE DAYLENGTH
MONTH HUMIDITY (Min) (Max) RAINFALL (Min)
Sept-09
90
24.7 17.6
18.2 735.0
Oct-09
96
23.0 15.3
2.8
708.3
Nov-09
84
24.7 13.8 00.0 605.0
Dec-09
81
23.7 10.9 1.0 673.4
Jan-10
81
23.0 12.5 00.0 780.0
Feb-10
83
23.5 12.0 00.0 700.3
March-10
83
25.0 16.0 1.2 728.2
April-10
80
26.1 18.1 21.7 731.0
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
GASILANG, RONA C. MAY 2010. Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily
(Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and Different Potting Media.
Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet
Adviser: Araceli G. Ladilad, PhD.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted at the Ornamental Horticulral Research Area of Benguet
State University, La Trinidad, Benguet from September 2009 to April 2010, to determine
the effect of different light intensity and potting media on the growth and flowering of
Benguet Lily and identify the best potting media mixes which will improve cutflower
yield, quality and vaselife and best light intensity that will promote good growth and
flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis).
Results show that plants grown in potting media combination of 1:1:1:1 mountain
soil+BSU compost+ horse manure+ alnus leaves compost grow under Full Sun were the
earliest to form flower buds (1cm bud size), had the highest leaf count and had the
longest length of flower buds at tight bud stage. Final height, number of days from
flower bud formation to tight bud stage 25% and 50% anthesis were not significantly
affected by different potting media used and were similar in growth and flowering
characteristics when grown under full sun (>1000fc), partial shade (500-1000 fc), deep
shade (100-150fc).
Based on the results of the study 1:1:1:1 mountain soil+ BSU compost+ horse
manure+ alnus compost as growing media for Benguet Lily and grown under Full sun
(>1000fc) is therefore recommended for the improvement of growth and flowering of
Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis).
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography…………...………………………………………………………... i
Abstract……. ……….………………………………………………………….
i
Table of Contents………………….………….…………………………………
ii
INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………….... 1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE…………………………………………………...
2
MATERIALS AND METHODS………………………………………………..
5
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………………………………...
11
Vegetative Growth ………………………………………………………….
11
Initial Height at Transplanting
and Final Height Flowering ………………………………………….
11
Initial Number of Leaves One
Week After Transplanting and
Final Number of Leaves at Flowering………………………………..
14
Number of Days from Transplanting
to Flower Bud Formation (1 cm bud size) …………...………..……..
17
Number of Days from Flower Bud For-
mation to Tight Bud Stage 25% anthesis……………………..……....
17
Number of Days from Flower Bud For-
mation to Tight Bud Stage 50% anthesis……………………………...
20
Cutflower Quality …………………………………………………………...
20
Length of Flower Bud
at Tight Bud Stage …………………………………………………….
20
Meteorological Data……………………………………………...……
23
ii
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION………………….
24
Summary……………………………………………………………….
25
Conclusion………………..……………………………………………
25
Recommendation……………………………………………………....
25
LITERATURE CITED…………………………………….……………………
26
APPENDICES……….…………..…………………………………………....... 27
iii
INTRODUCTION
Liliums are familiar cut flower and potted plants for it have the power to catch the
eye whether they are wild or in a border or in a bunch of cut flowers and they have a
presence that is impossible to ignore. The Lily family is compost of 240 genera and 4,000
species and many of which are economically important. Aside from its important, it is
gaining popularity because of its superior quality as a cutflower.
Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) belongs to the herbaceous plant family
Liliaceae. It is seldom used since they produced one or two flowers per plant and is
described to have round bulbs, erect stem, linear shaped leaves, and profusely flowering
during the month of May to August. The flowers measures 5-7 cm long with either one or
two blossom on the stalk. It is also used as symbol of beauty, purity and peace.The
Benguet Lily, (putputak/dupdupak/canyon to locals) is a rare species of white lilium
found only in the colder areas of Benguet and Mountain Province in the Philippine Is. It
is threatened due to the destruction of its natural habitat and the failure of horticulturists
to domesticate it.
The study was conducted at the Ornamental Horticultural Research Area from
September 2009 to April 2010 to determine the effect of light intensity and different
potting media in the growth and flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis).
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Potting Media
Compost and leaf mold was once a major compound of potting mixes. Mature
compost contributes nutrients and increases the readily available water content of
otherwise very open mixes. In increasing the volume of compost made from general
organic waste mainly of garden origin, from sewage sludge’s and from municipal solid
waste. Furthermore, Poincelot (1980) reported that the actual nutrient requirement of
horticultural crop is based on several parameters. They include soil diagnosis to
determine the total nutrients, the available nutrients and the factors contributing ton a
nutrient unavailability, and plant diagnosis to determine the actual amount of nutrient
absorbed by the plant. Together; these are correlated to establish a relationship
concentration of the plant tissue to influence by the leaves of various nutrients in the soil.
Brady (1984) as cited by Allan (1999) mentioned that organic matter is compost
of living or dead plants and animal residues which are very active and important portion
of soilage. They protect soil against erosion, supplies cementing substances for desirable
aggregation formation and it loosens the soil to provide better aeration and water
movement.
He further considered that the farm manures are degraded plant materials and they
tend to increase the yield crops. The nutrient element taken by the animal manures are
valuable sources of both microelement and macro element.
As stated by Einert (1972), rice hull provide a light to medium texture with good
drainage and aeration and does not affect soil ph. Rice hull are good as soil amendments
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
3
especially in heavy clay soils. He further stated that maximum effectiveness obtained
when rice hull is not more than 20% by volume of potting media.
Adamson and Maas (1971) revealed that sawdust is good potting media in foliage
plant. However, it should not be more than 25% by volume of potting mixture.
In 1994, Oryan found that 1:1:1: 1 part by weight of garden soil, horse manure,
sand and compost greatly improved the vegetative growth and flowering of African violet
grown in pots under partial shade. The media mixture of 1: 1: 1 part by weight of garden
soil, horse manure, sand and compost produced the tallest plants and had the higher leaf
count ant anthesis and initiated flower bud earlier in chrysanthemum (Acop, 1987).
Gabawan (1999) found that 1: 1: 1: 1 pats by weight of garden soil, horse manure
and compost had greatly improved the vegetative growth and reproductive ability of
geranium plants.
Light Intensity
Light intensity influences the manufacture of plant food, stem length, leaf color
and flowering. Generally speaking, plant grows in low light tends to be spindly with light
green leaves. A similar plant grown in very bright area tends to be shorter, with better
branches and have larger, dark green leaves. It is also sufficient for photosynthesis to
produce carbohydrates for the plant to grow. Light intensity which is important to
photosynthesis can be measured in units of foot- candles and is concerned only with
visible light. Full sunlight on a clear summer day has an intensity of 10, 000 foot-
candles. A classroom will have an intensity of about 100 foot- candles. Photosynthesis
and hence rate of plant growth will increase linearly with increase in light intensity from
about 100 foot- candles to about 2500 foot- candles. A large number of plants are more
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
4
efficient in use of sunlight and will increase in their rates of photosynthesis up to 10,000
foot- candles. Most plants which are adaptable to growing indoors become saturated with
light about 2,500 foot- candles.
Effect Light Intensity on Plants
Sunlight is the main source of energy for all plants growth. Light is essential in
stimulating such events as the differentiation of plant tissues and organs. Through the
utilization of sunlight, plant synthesized carbohydrates and other sugars which are used to
keep the plant alive. Other organic compound synthesized by green plants through
photosynthesis is used either directly or indirectly by every living organism on earth. . All
of the valuables that come and out of the photosynthetic process are limited by light
quantity and quality (Boardman, 1977).
Martin (1988) stated that, plant leaves that develop in full sunlight often are quite
different from those that grow in the shade. Sun leaves exhibit greater rates of
transpiration, respiration and photosynthesis than shade leaves and they dissipate heat
more efficiently. Sun leaves are also thicker in cross section than shade leaves, and they
contain more water area of leaf. These features were adaptation that improves efficiency
of sun leaves hot, bright environment.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The materials used were Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) seedlings,
labeling materials, polyethylene black plastic bags (5X10), greenhouse tools, watering
can, and with potting mixture consisting of mountain soil, 1:1: mountain soil + alnus
compost, 1:1:1:1 mountain soil+ BSU compost+ horse manure+ sawdust, 1:1:1:1:
mountain soil+ BSU compost + horse manure+ alnus compost, garden soil,1:1 garden
soil+ alnus compost, 1:1:1:1 garden soil+BSU compost+ horse manure+ saw dust, garden
soil+ BSU compost+ horse manure+ alnus compost.
The study was laid-out following the Randomized Complete Block Design
(RCBD) arrangement wherein Factor A was the different light levels; and the different
potting media as Factor B. There were three replications per treatment combination with
three sample plants per replication.
The treatments were as follows;
Factor A =Light Level
Code Description Light Intensities (Foot candles)
L1 Full sun
>1,000
L2 Partial shade 500-1,000
L3 Deep shade 100-150
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
6
Factor B= Potting media
Code Description
P1 Mountain Soil (Control 1)
P2 Garden Soil (Control 2)
P3 1:1 Mountain Soil+ Alnus Compost
P4 1:1:1:1 Mountain Soil+ BSU Compost+ Horse
Manure +Saw Dust
P5 1:1:1:1 Mountain Soil+ BSU Compost + Horse
Manure+ Alnus Compost
P6 1:1 Garden soil+ Alnus Compost
P7 1:1:1:1 Garden Soil+ BSU Compost+ Horse
Manure +Saw Dust
P8 1:1:1:1 Garden Soil+ BSU Compost + Horse
Manure+ Alnus Compost
Seedlings of Benguet Lily were planted in polyethylene plastic bags measuring 15
cm in diameter. The soil used for planting was taken from the mountain slopes where
Benguet Lily was observed abundantly growing. Potting media to be used were mountain
soil, garden soil, alnus compost, BSU compost, horse manure and saw dust. All
recommended cultural practices required for growing Benguet Lily was employed
uniformly on all treatments to produce quality cutflowers.
Data gathered was tabulated, computed and the means compared using the
Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) were the following,
A. Vegetative Growth
1. Initial height (cm).This was obtained by measuring the height of the plant two
weeks after transplanting.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
7
2. Final height of plant at flowering (cm). This was obtained by measuring the
final height of the plant from the base up to the flower tip at tight bud stage.
3. Initial and final number of leaves at flowering. This was done by counting the
number of leaves per plant two weeks after transplanting.
B. Reproductive Growth
1. Number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation. This was obtained
by counting the days from having 1 cm bud size to tight bud stage.
2. Number of days from flower bud formation to tight bud stage 25% and50%
anthesis. This was counted from the time the plants started to form flower bud up to tight
bud stage.
C. Cutflower Quality
1. Length of flower at tight bud stage (cm). This was obtained by measuring the
length of the f lower buds at tight bud stage.
D. Meteorological data. This was taken from BSU. PAG- ASA station. The data
will include Daylength (minutes), Rainfall (mm), (C0) Temperature, Relative Humidity
(%).
E. Documentation through pictures. This was taken after planting the seedlings
and after gathering all the needed data for the study Figures 1- 3.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
8
Figure 1. Benguet Lily plants grown in full sun at seedling stage and at flowering
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
9
Figure 2. Benguet Lily plants grown in partial shade at seedling stage and at flowering
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
10
Figure 3. Benguet Lily plants grown in deep shade at seedling stage and at flowering
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Vegetative Growth
Initial Height at Transplanting and
Final Height at Flowering
Effect of light levels. The effect of different light levels on the initial height and
final height of Benguet Lily is shown in Table 1. Results show that there were no
significant differences on the initial height of Benguet Lily grown under full sun, partial
shade and deep shade. However, final height of Benguet Lily grown under different light
levels showed significant differences. Plants grown under deep shade was the tallest with
a mean of 47.61cm and was followed Partial Shade with a mean of 38.15 cm and Full
Sun with a mean of 33.53 cm.
Oryan in 1994 found that 1:1:1 part by weight of garden soil, horse manure and
compost greatly improved the vegetative growth and flowering of African violets grown
in pots under partial shade.
Effect of different potting media. Result showed significant differences on the
final height of Benguet Lily at flowering stage as affected by different potting media.
However, plants grown in potting media consisting of mountain soil+ BSU compost+
horse manure+ alnus compost was the tallest with a mean of 53.58 cm and was followed
by plants grown in potting media consisting mountain soil+ alnus compost with a mean
of 46.26 cm. Result further showed that the shortest plant at flowering were observed in
plants planted in garden soil only with a mean of 33.53 cm.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
12
Table1. Initial height one week after transplanting and final height at flowering
PLANT HEIGHT (cm)
TREATMENT
INITIAL HEIGHT FINAL HEIGHT
Light Levels
Full
Sun 10.10a
33.53b
Partial
Shade
9.94a
38.15b
Deep
Shade
9.79a
47.61a
Growing Media
Mountain
Soil
9.82a
36.82bc
Mountain Soil+ Alnus Compost
9.95a
46.26ab
Mountain Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Saw Dust
9.56a
39.92bc
Mountain Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Alnus Compost
9.83a
53.58a
Garden
Soil
10.27a
33.43c
Garden
Soil+Alnus
Compost
9.33a
38.36bc
Garden
Soil+BSU
Compost+
Horse Manure+Saw Dust
9.96a
36.44bc
Garden Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Alnus Compost
10.30a
36.29bc
________________________________________________________________________
CV
(%) 14.20
26.27
Means with the common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Interaction effect. Figure 4 shows that plants grown in a potting media consisting
of 1:1:1:1 mountain soil+ BSU compost+ horse manure+ alnus compost were the tallest
at flowering when grown under deep shade.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
13
70
a
ab
abc
Mountain Soil
60
abcd
Mountain Soil+Alnus Compost
abcdef
abcde
50
Mountain Soil+BSU
cdefg
bcdefg
Compost+Horse manure+Saw
m)
c
Dust
(
40
ht
defg
defg
defg
defg
Mountain Soil+BSU
i
g
defg
efg
Compost+Horse
l
he
efg
efg
efg
Manure+Alnus Compost
efg efg
i
na
efg
efg
F
fg
30
g
Garden Soil
g
Garden soil+Alnus Compost
20
Garden Soil+ BSU
Compost+Horse Manure +Saw
10
Dust
Garden Soil+BSU
Compost+Horse
Manure+Alnus Compost
0
Ful Sun
Partial Shade
Deep Shade
Light intensity level
Figure 4. Final height at flowering
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
14
Initial Number of Leaves One week after Transplanting
and Final Number of Leaves at Flowering
Effect of light levels. There were no significant differences on plants grown under
full sun, partial shade, and deep shade. However, final height of plants grown under full
sun has higher leaf count with a mean of 90.67 followed by plants grown under deep
shade with a mean of 49.21and partial shade with a mean of 39.63.
Effect of different potting media. In Table 2, it was showed that there were no
significant differences on the initial number of leaves. However, table 2 also shows
significant differences on its final height. Plants grown in potting media consisting
mountain soil, BSU compost, horse manure and alnus compost had more number of
leaves with a mean of 83.44 as compared to garden soil with a mean of 34.22.
Caballo (2001) found that Milflores grown in media composition of 1:1:1
hortiperl, alnus compost, cow manure had the highest leaf count produced. Aladog (2005)
also found that potting media mixture of 1:1:1 alnus compost, chicken manure, and
garden soil significantly produce the highest number of leaves in Zinnia Plants.
Interaction
effect. Statistical analysis shows that plants grown in potting media
consisting of mountain soil, BSU compost, horse manure and alnus compost obtained
significant differences on number of leaf counted grown under full sun.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
15
Table 2. Initial number of leaves one week after transplanting and final number of leaves
at flowering
TREATMENT INITIAL NUMBER FINAL NUMBER
OF LEAVES OF LEAVES
Light Levels
Full
Sun 6.21a
90.67a
Partial
Shade
6.71a
39.63b
Deep
Shade
7.25a
49.21b
Growing Media
Mountain
Soil
6.00a
38.88dc
Mountain Soil+ Alnus Compost
7.56a
66.33ab
Mountain Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Saw Dust
7.22a
72.11ab
Mountain Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Alnus Compost
7.78a
83.44a
Garden
Soil
7.11a
34.22d
Garden Soil+Alnus Compost
6.33a
55.00bc
Garden
Soil+BSU
Compost+
Horse Manure+Saw Dust
5.78a
56.67bc
Garden Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Alnus Compost
6.00a
72.00ab
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CV
(%) 27.64
33.57
Means with the common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
16
160
a
140
ab
Mountain Soil
120
ab
Mountain Soil+Alnus
Compost
b
bc
100
Mountain Soil+ BSU
Compost+ Horse
s
Manure+Saw Dust
e
Mountain Soil+ BSU
80
Compost+Horse
Manure+Alnus Composrt
f
l
eav
Garden Soil
o
dc
er
b
cde
de
m
60
Garden Soil+Alnus Compost
Nu
de
de
de
de
de
de
de
de
Garden Soil+BSU
40
de
Compost+Horse
de
de
de
de
de
Manure+Saw Dust
de
Garden Soil+BSU
e
Compost+Horse
Manure+Alnus Compost
20
0
Ful Sun
Partial Shade
Deep Shade
Light intensity level
Figure 5. Final number of leaves at flowering
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
17
Reproductive Growth
Number of Days from Transplanting to
Flower Bud Formation (1cm bud size)
Effect of light levels. Result showed no significant differences on plants as
affected by light levels. However, plants grown under full sun were the earliest to form
buds with a mean of 115.50 days followed by deep shade with a mean of 118.33 days and
partial shade with a mean of 119.08 days.
Effect of potting media. Result showed that there were significant differences on
the number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation as affected by different
potting media as showed in Table 3. Plant grown in 1:1:1:1 garden soil were the latest to
form flower buds with a mean of 125.78 days while plants grown in 1:1:1:1 garden soil,
BSU compost, horse manure and alnus compost were the earliest to form flower bud with
a mean of 104.88 days.
Cais (1996) found that potting media consisting 1:1:1:1 of wood shaving, saw
dust, cow manure, sunflower leaves, showed the earliest buds in anthurium.
Interaction effect. Plant grown in potting media combination of garden soil, BSU
compost, and horse manure and alnus compost showed significant differences on the
number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation (1cm bud size).
Number of Days from Flower Bud Formation
to Tight Bud Stage (25% Anthesis)
Effect of light levels. Table 4 shows no significant differences on the plant grown
under full sun, partial shade, and deep shade. Plants grown in full sun had slight
difference on the days from flower bud formation with a mean of 22.63 followed by
partial shade with a mean of 22.83 and deep shade with a mean of 23.04.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
18
Table 3. Number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation (1cm bud size)
MEAN
TREATMENT
(Days)
Light Levels
Full Sun
115.50a
Partial Shade
119.08a
Deep Shade
118.33a
Growing Media
Mountain Soil
125.78a
Mountain Soil+ Alnus Compost
113.44ab
Mountain Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Saw Dust
119.11ab
Mountain Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Alnus Compost
112.68ab
Garden Soil
125.78a
Garden Soil+Alnus Compost
112.00ab
Garden Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Saw Dust
116.78ab
Garden Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Alnus Compost
104.88b
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CV (%)
14.49%
Means with the common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Effect of potting media. Result showed that there were no significant differences
on the duration of flower bud formation to tight bud stage (25% anthesis) as affected by
different potting media used as shown in Table 4. However, plant grown in garden soil
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
19
Table 4. Number of days from flower bud formation to tight bud stage (25% Anthesis)
MEANS
TREATMENT
(Days)
Light Levels
Full Sun
22.63a
Partial Shade
22.83a
Deep Shade
23.04a
Growing Media
Mountain Soil
22.67a
Mountain Soil+ Alnus Compost
22.33a
Mountain Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Saw Dust
22.89a
Mountain Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Alnus Compost
22.22a
Garden Soil
24.00a
Garden Soil+Alnus Compost
23.11a
Garden Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Saw Dust
22.67a
Garden Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Alnus Compost
22.78a
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CV (%)
7.86
Means with the common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
only was the late to form flower bud at tight bud stage with a mean of 24.00 days
while plants grown in 1:1:1:1 mountain soil, BSU compost, horse manure and alnus
compost were the earliest to form flower bud formation at tight bud stage with a mean of
22.22 days.
Interaction
effect. There were no interaction effects noted between the light levels
and different potting media used with regards to the number of days from flower bud
formation to tight bud stage (25% anthesis).
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
20
Number of Days from Flower Bud Formation
to Tight Bud Stage to 50% Anthesis
Effect of light levels. Result shows that significant differences on plants planted
under light levels as showed in Table 5. Plant grown under deep shade was the earliest in
number of days from flower bud formation to tight bud stage to 50% anthesis with a
mean of 27.38 days while plants grown under full sun and partial shade with slight
difference with a mean of 29.58 days and 28.38 days.
Effect of potting media. Table 5 shows the number of days from flower bud
formation to tight bud stage to 50 % anthesis as affected by different potting media. Plant
grown in garden soil only were late to form flower bud to tight bud stage to 50% anthesis
with a mean of 29.44 days while plants grown in 1:1:1:1 mountain soil, BSU compost,
horse manure, alnus compost were the earliest to form flower bud formation to tight bud
stage to 50 % anthesis with a mean of 26.33 days.
Interaction
effect. There were no interaction effects observed between the light
levels and different potting media used with regards to the number of days from flower
bud formation to tight bud stage to 50% anthesis.
Cutflower Quality
Length of Flower Buds at Tight Bud Stage
Effect of light levels. Result showed no significant differences on plants grown
under full sun (>1000fc), partial shade (500-1000fc) and deep shade (100-150 fc).
Effect of potting media. In Table 6, it was showed significant differences on
potting media used. Plants grown in potting media consisting of mountain soil, BSU
compost, horse manure and alnus compost had the longest length of flower bud at tight
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
21
Table 5. Number of days from flower bud formation to tight bud stage (50% Anthesis)
MEAN
TREATMENT
(Days)
Light Levels
Full Sun
29.58a
Partial Shade
28.38ab
Deep Shade
27.38b
Growing Media
Mountain Soil
28.89a
Mountain Soil+ Alnus Compost
29.11a
Mountain Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Saw Dust
27.56ab
Mountain Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Alnus Compost
26.33b
Garden Soil
29.44a
Garden Soil+Alnus Compost
28.88a
Garden Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Saw Dust
28.56ab
Garden Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Alnus Compost
28.78a
CV (%)
7.87
Means with the common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
bud stage with a mean of 7.40 cm while potting media consisting of mountain
soil, BSU compost, horse manure and saw dust were the shortest with a mean of 5.92.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
22
Table 6. Length of flower buds at tight bud stage
LENGTH OF FLOWER AT
TIGHT BUD STAGE
TREATMENT
(cm)
Light Levels
Full Sun
6.44a
Partial Shade
6.68a
Deep Shade
6.50a
Growing Media
Mountain Soil
6.60ab
Mountain Soil+ Alnus Compost
6.44ab
Mountain Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Saw Dust
5.92b
Mountain Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Alnus Compost
7.40a
Garden Soil
6.29ab
Garden Soil+Alnus Compost
6.43ab
Garden Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Saw Dust
6.41ab
Garden Soil+BSU Compost+
Horse Manure+Alnus Compost
6.83ab
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CV (%)
18.03
Means with the common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Interaction effect. There were no interaction effects noted between the light levels
and different potting media used with regards to the length of flower bud formation to
tight bud stage.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
23
Meteorological Data
Meteorological data obtained in BSU PAG-ASA, Balili, La Trinidad, Benguet on
September 2009- April 2010 is shown in Table 7. Relative humidity increased during the
month of November to April during the study period and had decreased during the month
of September to October. The maximum and minimum temperatures were the highest
temperature during the months April while the rest of the growing season had low
temperatures during the month of September to March. Rainfall had the highest during
the month of April while the month of January had the longest Daylength.
Table 7. Meteorological data
RELATIVE TEMPERATURE DAYLENGTH
MONTH HUMIDITY (Min) (Max) RAINFALL (Min)
Sept-09
90
24.7 17.6
18.2 735.0
Oct-09
96
23.0 15.3
2.8
708.3
Nov-09
84
24.7 13.8 00.0 605.0
Dec-09
81
23.7 10.9 1.0 673.4
Jan-10
81
23.0 12.5 00.0 780.0
Feb-10
83
23.5 12.0 00.0 700.3
March-10
83
25.0 16.0 1.2 728.2
April-10
80
26.1 18.1 21.7 731.0
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted at Ornamental Horticultural Research Area of Benguet
State University, La Trinidad, Benguet from September 2009- May 2010 to determine the
effect light intensity and different potting media on the growth and flowering of Benguet
Lily (Lilium philippinensis) and identify which potting media mixes that is suitable for
Benguet Lily production.
Results showed that there were significant differences in some of the data
gathered. Taller plants were noted from those plant grown under deep shade with potting
media consisting of 1:1:1:1 mountain soil+ BSU compost+ horse manure+ alnus
compost, higher number of leaves were counted from those plants grown under full sun
(>1000fc) with potting media consisting of mountain soil+ BSU compost+ horse
manure+ alnus compost followed by garden soil+ BSU compost+ horse manure+ alnus
compost, earliest to form flower bud (1cm bud size) were those plants grown under full
sun (>1000fc) with potting media consisting of garden soil+ BSU compost+ horse
manure+ alnus compost, fastest to form flower bud to tight bud stage 25% and 50%
anthesis are plants grown under deep shade (100-150 fc) with potting media consisting of
mountain soil+ BSU compost+ horse manure+ alnus compost. Lastly length of flower
bud size at tight bud stage was observed on plants grown under full sun (>1000 fc) with
potting media consisting mountain soil+ BSU compost+ horse manure+ alnus compost.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
25
Conclusion
Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that a potting medium of 1:1:1:1
mountain soil+ BSU compost+ horse manure+ alnus compost should be used as potting
media in Lilium philippinesis and grown under full sun (>1000fc) to improve the growth
and flowering of Benguet Lily.
Recommendation
From the preceding results, the use of 1:1:1:1 mountain soil+ BSU compost+
horse manure+ alnus compost as growing media for Benguet Lily and grown under full
sun is therefore recommended for the improvement of the growth and flowering of
Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis). Other studies on Benguet Lily is recommended to
be conducted with the use of potting media consisting of garden soil+ BSU compost+
horse manure+ alnus compost to validate results.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
LITERATURE CITED
ADAMSON, R. M. and E. F. MAAS.1971. Sawdust and other substitutes and other sub-
titutes and amendments in greenhouse tomato production. Hort.Sci.6(4):379-399
ACOP, C.C. 1987. Effect of different potting media on the growth and flowering of chry-
santhemum. BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 25.
ALADOG, N. K. 2005. Effect of different potting media on the growth and flowering of
Zinnia
(Zinnia elegans). BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 13.
ALLAN, B. G. 1999. Response of rose (Rosa hybrida) to different potting media compo-
sition. BS Thesis. BSU, La Tinidad, Benguet. P. 36.
BRADY, N. 1984. The Nature and Properties of Soil. New York: Macmillan Pub. Co.Pp.
638-649.
BOARDMAN, N.K. 1977. Comparative Photosynthesis of Sun and Shade Plant. Annual
Review of Plant Physiology, 28:355-377.
CABALO, C. F. 2001. Growth and flowering of Milflores (Hydrangea macrophylla) as
affected by the different media compositions. BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad, Ben-
guet. P. 19.
CAIS, A. L. 1996. Effect of different potting media on the growth and flowering of An-
thurium CU. Kansako plants. BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 15.
EINERT, A. E. 1972. Performance of rice hull media for plant Easter Lilies under three
farming system. Hort. Sci. 1(1):60:61.
GABAWAN, J.B.1999. Response of container- grown Impatient Sultani to different pot-
ting media. BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet. P.10.
MARTIN, G. 1988. Plant Physiology. The American Society of Plant Physiologies. P.16.
ORYAN, J.O. 1994. Effect of different potting media on the growth and flowering of Af
-rican violet. BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 5.
POINCELOT, R. P. 1980. Horticulture: Principles and Practices Application. New York:
Prentice Hall Inc. P. 210.
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
APPENDICES
Appendix Table 1. Initial Height
REPLICATION
TREATMENT I II III TOTAL MEAN
L1P1 9.6 8.5 9.0 27.1 9
L1P2 10.0 10.8 12.7 33.5
11
L1P3 9.0 9.0 9.0 27.0 9
L1P4 9.5 12.0 11.0 32.5 11
L1P5 10.7 11.0 8.0 29.9 10
L1P6 12.0 9.0 9.0 30.0 10
L1P7 11.8 8.8 10.0 30.6 10
L1P8 13.0 10.0 9.0 32.0 11
L2P1 10.0 9.0 9.0 28.0 9
L2P2 9.0 9.0 11.0 29.0 10
L2P3 12.0 10.6 9.0 31.6 10
L2P4 10.0 10.0 8.0 28.0 9
L2P5 10.0 11.0 12.0 33.0 11
L2P6 9.0 10.0 9.0 28.0 9
L2P7 9.0 12.0 8.0 29.0 10
L2P8 11.0 9.0 12.0 32.0 11
L3P1 9.0 11.6 12.7 33.3 11
L3P2 8.0 12.0 10.0 30.0 10
L3P3 10.0 9.4 9.8 29.2 10
L3P4 12.0 8.0 8.0 28.0 9
L3P5 8.8 9.7 11.3 29.8 10
L3P6 9.0 9.0 8.0 26.0 9
L3P7 11.0 10.0 9.0 30.0 10
L3P8 9.0 10.7 9.0 28.7 9
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCES OF DEGREE OF SUM OF MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE F 0.05 0.01
Factor A
2
1.14 0.57
0.29 0.7524
Factor B
7
7.07 1.00
0.51 0.8248
AXB 14
25.96 1.85
0.93 0.5346
ERROR
46
91.67 1.00
TOTAL
71
126.786
ns = Not significant
Coefficient of Variation= 14.95 %
*= Significant
**= Highly significant
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
28
Appendix Table 2. Final height (cm)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
I II III TOTAL MEAN
L1P1 32.0 28.0 31.0 91.0 30
L1P2 33.2 32.0 61.7 126.9 42
L1P3 33.0 29.9 36.8 99.7 33
L1P4 34.0 38.0 40.0 112.0 37
L1P5 21.5 35.0 31.4 87.9 29
L1P6 35.6 30.0 24.0 89.6 30
L1P7 28.6 34.0 35.5 98.1 33
L1P8 36.0 30.6 32.9 99.5 33
L2P1 25.9 29.0 30.0 84.9 28
L2P2 35.0 32.0 31.6 98.6 33
L2P3 30.0 29.4 33.5 96.9 32
L2P4 54.5 72.2 60.0 186.7 62
L2P5 38.5 36.0 39.0 113.5 38
L2P6 57.1 42.0 50.0 149.1 50
L2P7 24.3 26.0 28.0 78.3 26
L2P8 39.0 35.0 37.5 111.5 37
L3P1 33.0 34.0 31.0 98.0 33
L3P2 81.0 53.3 56.5 190.8 64
L3P3 30.8 92.0 43.9 166.7 56
L3P4 82.5 41.0 60.0 183.5 61
L3P5 45.0 30.0 55.0 130.0 43
L3P6 32.0 38.0 36.5 106.5 36
L3P7 50.0 41.0 60.6 151.6 51
L3P8 40.0 38.6 37.0 115.6 39
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCES OF DEGREE OF SUM OF MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE F 0.05 0.01
Factor A
2 2474.17 1237.09 11.34** <0.0001
Factor B
7 3184.03 454.86 4.17* 0.0013
AXB
14 3271.92 233.71 2.14* 0.0266
ERROR
46 5017.55 109.08
TOTAL
71 1414.15
ns = Not significant Coefficient of variation= 26.27%
*= Significant
**= Highly significant
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
29
Appendix Table 3. Initial number of leaves
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
I II III TOTAL MEAN
L1P1 5 5 7 17 6
L1P2 5 6 5 16 5
L1P3 6 5 5 16 5
L1P4 6 8 5 19 6
L1P5 9 5 10 24 8
L1P6 5 7 5 17 6
L1P7 5 10 5 20 7
L1P8 6 8 6 20 7
L2P1 8 6 5 19 6
L2P2 7 5 11 23 8
L2P3 5 10 8 23 8
L2P4 11 5 8 24 8
L2P5 5 5 6 16 5
L2P6 9 9 5 23 8
L2P7 5 5 5 15 5
L2P8 5 7 6 18 6
L3P1 5 8 5 18 6
L3P2 10 9 10 29 10
L3P3 5 11 10 26 9
L3P4 11 9 7 27 9
L3P5 6 8 10 24 8
L3P6 5 5 7 17 6
L3P7 7 5 5 17 6
L3P8 5 6 5 16 5
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCES OF DEGREE OF SUM OF MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE F 0.05 0.01
Factor A
2
13.02 6.51 1.89* 0.1631
Factor B
7
38.67 5.52 1.60ns 0.1595
AXB
14
73.42 5.24
1.52ns 0.1422
ERROR
46
158.80 3.45
TOTAL
71
286.44
ns = Not significant Coefficient of variation= 27.64 %
*= Significant
**= Highly significant
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
30
Appendix Table 4. Final number of leaves at flowering
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
I II III TOTAL MEAN
L1P1 28 36 31 95 32
L1P2 128 109 57 294 98
L1P3 143 128 113 384 128
L1P4 129 153 151 433 144
L1P5 29 41 70 140 47
L1P6 85 68 38 19 164
L1P7 57 129 123 309 103
L1P8 123 68 139 330 110
L2P1 27 50 35 112 37
L2P2 36 28 39 103 34
L2P3 26 21 37 84 28
L2P4 40 66 54 160 53
L2P5 32 36 41 109 36
L2P6 60 43 50 153 51
L2P7 24 27 23 74 25
L2P8 40 31 55 126 42
L3P1 31 33 37 101 34
L3P2 88 52 54 194 65
L3P3 31 98 52 181 60
L3P4 79 35 44 158 53
L3P5 30 25 46 101 34
L3P6 38 68 45 151 50
L3P7 33 40 54 127 42
L3P8 46 65 51 162 54
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCES OF DEGREE OF SUM OF MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE F 0.05 0.01
Factor A
2
35327.08 17663.54 43.77** <0.0001
Factor B
7 18238.44 2605.49 6.46* <0.0001
AXB 14 20365.80 1454.70 3.61* 0.0005
ERROR
46 18561.58 403.51
TOTAL
71 92532.00
ns = Not significant
Coefficient of variation= 33.57 %
*= Significant
**= Highly significant
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
31
Appendix Table 5. Number of days to flower bud formation (1cm bud size)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
I II III TOTAL MEAN
L1P1 118 103 105 326 109
L1P2 131 155 99 385 128
L1P3 120 38 114 332 111
L1P4 128 115 117 360 120
L1P5 102 116 136 354 118
L1P6 97 90 110 297 99
L1P7 94 111 103 308 103
L1P8 100 118 96 314 105
L2P1 98 114 141 353 118
L2P2 111 150 139 400 133
L2P3 132 116 112 359 120
L2P4 138 127 116 381 127
L2P5 107 111 96 314 105
L2P6 156 99 108 363 121
L2P7 131 116 122 369 123
L2P8 96 121 100 317 106
L3P1 97 110 128 335 112
L3P2 137 113 97 347 116
L3P3 150 126 104 380 127
L3P4 122 153 115 390 130
L3P5 114 100 139 353 118
L3P6 143 98 107 348 116
L3P7 117 124 133 374 125
L3P8 103 113 97 313 104
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCES OF DEGREE OF SUM OF MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE F 0.05 0.01
Factor A
2
838.11 419.05 1.47ns 0.2394
Factor B
7 3220.61 460.08 1.62ns 0.1540
AXB
14 2381.89 170.13 0.60* 0.8519
ERROR
46 13070.89 284.15
TOTAL
71 19757.27
ns = Not significant Coefficient of variation= 14.49 %
*= Significant
**= Highly significant
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
32
Appendix Table 6. Number of days from flower bud formation to tight bud stage 25%
anthesis
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
I II III TOTAL MEAN
L1P1 23 21 25 69 23
L1P2 21 25 21 67 22
L1P3 20 22 20 62 20
L1P4 24 21 24 69 23
L1P5 22 23 24 69 23
L1P6 25 22 21 68 23
L1P7 21 25 26 72 24
L1P8 22 20 25 67 22
L2P1 21 23 22 66 22
L2P2 23 20 20 63 21
L2P3 25 22 24 71 24
L2P4 22 25 23 70 23
L2P5 21 23 21 65 22
L2P6 23 25 23 71 24
L2P7 26 21 25 72 24
L2P8 23 22 25 70 23
L3P1 24 24 21 69 23
L3P2 22 25 23 70 23
L3P3 25 24 24 70 23
L3P4 20 20 22 62 21
L3P5 24 21 25 70 23
L3P6 26 22 21 69 23
L3P7 24 25 23 72 24
L3P8 21 23 24 68 23
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCES OF DEGREE OF SUM OF MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE F 0.05 0.01
Factor A
2 2.08 1.04 0.32* 0.7251
Factor B
7
19.11 2.73 0.85ns 0.5535
AXB
14 51.47 3.68 1.14ns 0.3594
ERROR
46 148.00 3.22
TOTAL
71 222.00
ns = Not significant
Coefficient of variation= 7.85 %
*= Significant
**= Highly significant
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
33
Appendix Table 7. Number of days from flower bud formation to tight bud stage 50%
anthesis
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
I II III TOTAL MEAN
L1P1 31 28 28 87
29
L1P2 29 28 31 88 29
L1P3 30 31 29 90 30
L1P4 27 32 30 89 30
L1P5 30 31 29 90 30
L1P6 32 28 30 90 30
L1P7 29 31 27 87 29
L1P8 30 28 31 89 30
L2P1 30 31 30 91 30
L2P2 26 30 28 84 28
L2P3 29 26 23 78 26
L2P4 31 23 29 83 28
L2P5 24 30 27 81 27
L2P6 32 29 31 92 31
L2P7 28 31 27 86 29
L2P8 30 31 25 86 29
L3P1 31 26 25 82 27
L3P2 31 29 30 90 30
L3P3 26 30 24 80 27
L3P4 22 22 21 65 22
L3P5 31 29 28 88 29
L3P6 24 30 24 78 26
L3P7 30 25 29 84 28
L3P8 29 31 30 90 30
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCES OF DEGREE OF SUM OF MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE F 0.05 0.01
Factor A
2 58.69 29.34 5.86ns 0.0054
Factor B
7 64.89 9.27 1.85* 0.1004
AXB
14 150.19 10.73 2.14ns 0.0268
ERROR
46 230.55 5.01
TOTAL
71 521.78
ns = Not significant Coefficient of variation= 7.87 %
*= Significant
**= Highly significant
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
34
Appendix Table 8. Length of flower bud at tight bud stage (cm)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
I II III TOTAL MEAN
L1P1 5.4 6.0 7.0 18.4 6
L1P2 6.0 6.0 6.0 18.0 6
L1P3 6.0 5.0 7.0 18.0 6
L1P4 5.0 8.0 8.3 21.3 7
L1P5 7.0 6.2 7.6 20.8 7
L1P6 7.0 6.0 7.0 20.0 7
L1P7 6.0 6.0 7.0 19.0 6
L1P8 7.0 5.0 6.0 18.0 6
L2P1 7.0 6.0 7.0 20.0 7
L2P2 9.0 8.0 6.0 23.0 8
L2P3 5.0 6.0 5.0 16.0 6
L2P4 8.0 7.0 7.0 22.0 7
L2P5 5.0 5.8 9.0 19.8 7
L2P6 6.0 6.0 5.0 17.0 6
L2P7 5.0 6.0 8.0 19.0 6
L2P8 6.0 7.0 10.0 23.0 8
L3P1 8.0 7.0 6.0 21.0 7
L3P2 6.0 5.0 6.0 17.0 6
L3P3 6.3 5.0 7.5 18.8 6
L3P4 6.0 10.0 7.0 23.0 8
L3P5 5.0 6.0 5.0 16.0 5
L3P6 6.0 6.0 8.3 20.3 7
L3P7 7.0 6.7 6.0 19.7 6
L3P8 6.0 5.0 9.0 20.0 7
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCES OF DEGREE OF SUM OF MEAN COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE F 0.05 0.01
Factor A
2 0.72 0.36 0.26ns 0.7709
Factor B
7 11.79 1.68 1.21* 0.1354
AXB
14 19.44 1.39 1.00ns 0.4700
ERROR
46 63.96
TOTAL
71 105.23
ns = Not significant
Coefficient of variation= 18.03 %
*= Significant
**= Highly significant
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
35
Appendix Table 7. Meteorological data
RELATIVE TEMPERATURE DAYLENGTH
MONTH HUMIDITY (Min) (Max) RAINFALL (Min)
Sept-09
90
24.7 17.6
18.2 735.0
Oct-09
96
23.0 15.3
2.8
708.3
Nov-09
84
24.7 13.8 00.0 605.0
Dec-09
81
23.7 10.9 1.0 673.4
Jan-10
81
23.0 12.5 00.0 780.0
Feb-10
83
23.5 12.0 00.0 700.3
March-10
83
25.0 16.0 1.2 728.2
April-10
80
26.1 18.1 21.7 731.0
Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily (Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and
Different Potting Media / Rona C. Gasilang. 2010
Document Outline
- Growth and Flowering of Benguet Lily(Lilium philippinensis) as Affected by Light Intensity and Different Potting Media
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- Vegetative Growth
- Reproductive Growth
- Cutflower Quality
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- Summary
- Conclusion
- Recommendation
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES