BIBLIOGRAPHY MIGUEL, STAPHANIE...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
MIGUEL, STAPHANIE MANGALI. MAY 2008. Performance of Lisianthus
(Eustoma grandiflorum) Under La Trinidad Benguet Condition. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Araceli G. Ladilad, PhD.
ABSTRACT
The performance of four varieties of lisianthus namely; Echo Pink, Echo White,
Echo Blue and Blue Picottee were evaluated based on their growth and flower
characteristics and to determine the best-suited variety/ies under La Trinidad Benguet
condition. Results show that the number of days from transplanting to flower bud
formation, number of days from flower bud formation to harvesting stage, number of
laterals, final height, number of leaves, length of stem, flower size, cutflower yield,
number of laterals produced per plant and number of petals per flower, were comparable
in all the varieties grown and evaluated. However, Blue Picottee cutflower had the
longest vaselife of 10 days from holding and the highest cutflower yield of 12.49 cut
flower per 1×5 m plot.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography...……………………………………………………………............ i
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………. i
Table of Contents………………………………………………………….......... ii
INTRODUCTION………………………………………………….................... 1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The Plant…………………………………………………………….....
3
Light and Temperature Requirement………………………………….. 3
Soil and Fertilizer Requirement……………………………………….. 4
Harvesting and Postharvest Handling………………………………….. 4
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials………………………………………………………….......... 5
Methods…………………………………………………………………. 5
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Vegetative Growth
Final Height at Flowering (cm)………………………………… 6
Number Leaves per plant at Flowering………………………… 6
Number of laterals per plant at flowering…………………......... 7
Number of Days from Transplanting
to Flower Bud Formation……………………………………….. 10
Number of Days from Flower Bud
Formation to Harvesting Stage…………………………….......... 10
ii
Length of Stem at Harvesting Stage (cm)…………………......... 12
Flower Size at Full Bloom Stage (cm)………………………….. 12
Cutflower Yield per 1x5m per Plot………………………........... 13
Number of Flowers Produced per Plant for
the Duration Cropping Period………………………………….. 14
Number of petals per flower…………………………….............. 14
Vaselife…………………………………………………............ 15
Occurrence of Insect Pest and Diseases…………………………….................. 16
Documentation of the Study…………………………………………………… 17
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION……………… 18
LITERATURE CITED……………………………………………………… 19
APPENDICES……………………………………………………………….. 20
iii
1
INTRODUCTION
Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) is a North American wild flower. It is a native
to the prairies of Nebraska, Colorado and Texas. They are also known as Prairie Gentian
or Texas Blue Bell, the latter name a reference to the blue flowers of the wild species.
Cultivars in production today offer a wide range of colours, including purple, rose, pink,
white and various colors (Fox, 1998).
Lisianthus has the qualities of an “ideal cutflower” (attractive flowers and long
vaselife) and should continue to increase in popularity throughout the next century (Gill,
undated). According to Hermano (2006), the vaselife range from two to three weeks from
harvesting of the cutflowers.
Plant breeders have done a wonderful job of developing outstanding flower colors
and introducing single and double-flowering forms, adding to the beauty of this flower.
The flower is elegant in form and easily mistaken for rose.
There had been no studies conducted yet to determine the suitable lisianthus
varieties for the locality; hence, this study was conceived since lisianthus is a new
cutflower crop in the area. The results of this study may be used as a guide for
researchers and growers with the purpose of improving and promoting the cutflower
industry in Benguet and giving the consumers a wider array of cutflowers to select from.
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
2
This study was conducted at Benguet State University Ornamental Horticulture
Research Area from October 2007 to March 2008 to evaluate the growth and flowering
characteristics of the different varieties of lisianthus under La Trinidad Benguet
condition; and to determine the beat suited variety/ies for lisianthus farming in the
locality.
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The Plant
Eustoma grandiflorum is a perennial plant that is treated in most areas as annual.
The seed is relatively small (19,000 seeds/gm) or (545,000 seeds/oz) and is hard to
handle in field plantings. Because of its small size, seedlings are generally started in plug
trays and transplanted into the field. A plug size of 288 or 392 mm has been successful
for commercial producers. Plants are moved to the field when they have developed 2 to 3
sets of the true leaves (approximately 3 months from seedling time). Although for some
varieties, terminal cuttings are used, plants from seeds are more common (Gill, undated).
Light and Temperature Requirement
According to Hermano (2006) lisianthus grows bests in areas where the
temperature is from 10 to 25° C. Below 10° C and much lower, the growth declines.
Likewise, for temperatures of 30° C and above, the growth is reduced and flower sizes
are significantly smaller. Lisianthus is a sun loving plant thus; it can grown open field
areas provided it is planted during the summer season. However, it can be commercially
grown under plastic sheet coverings. Maturity period (transplanting to flower) is from
140 to 160 days.
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
4
Soil and Fertilizer Requirement
Lisianthus is sensitive to soil, acidity and alkalinity. The soil pH must be 7.0.
However, the pH can be lowered to 6.5. Light soil with higher organic matter is ideal for
lisianthus production.
Harvesting and Postharvest Handling
Lisianthus are harvested when one flower are open. Harvesting is done in the
morning; when the flowers and plant tissues are cool (PanAmerican Seed, undated).
Hermano (2006) stated that on non-pinch plants, stems are cut above the third node from
the ground. Similarly, the stems are cut above the third node of the lateral shoots on
pinched plants. This site of cut allows the plants to produce laterals shoots for the second
flush of laterals for flower production. Upon cutting, the cutflowers are soaked in clean
water or in warm pulse solution (40° C). Flowers are sorted and graded according to
color and stem length.
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
5
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials
The materials used in this study were two inches seedlings of four varieties of
lisianthus namely: Echo Pink, Echo White, Echo Blue and Blue Picottee. The materials
used in this study were quick release fertilizers (Triple 14), compost (Alnus leaves), coco
peat, pesticides, plant supports, garden tools and labeling materials.
Methods
The Lisianthus seedlings were transplanted inside the greenhouse with a lot of
60 sq.m. A 1×5 m plot represented one treatment with three replications per treatment.
The study was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD).
Cultural management practices such as watering; fertilizer application, weeding
and crop protection sprays were applied uniformly to all plants.
The following are the lisianthus varieties which l served as treatments:
Treatment Code Lisianthus Varieties
V1 Echo Pink
V2 Echo White
V3 Echo Blue
V4 Blue Picottee
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
6
Data Gathered
A. Vegetative Growth
1. Final height at flowering. Final height was measured from the base of the
plant to the tip of the flowers at harvesting stage. (50 % anthesis).
2. Number of laterals produce per plant. This was obtained by counting the
number of laterals produce per plant at an anthesis.
3. Number leaves per plant at flowering. This was obtained by counting the
number of leaves produced per plant at flowering.
B. Reproductive Growth
1. Number of days from plating to flower-bud formation.(0.5 cm bud size).
2. Number of days from flower bud formation to harvesting stage.( 1st 3
flowers at loose-bud stage).
C. Flower Characteristics
1. Length of stem at harvesting stage (cm) .This was measured by getting the
length of the stem in centimeter from the base of the stem 5cm from the
ground to the tip of the flower.
2. Flower size at full bloom (cm). This was measured by getting the diameter
of the flower in centimeter by the use of foot rule at 100% anthesis.
3. Cut Flower yield per 1x 5 m plot. This was taken by counting the total
number of flowers per plant at full bloom stage.
4. Number of flower produced per plant for the duration of the cropping
period.
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
7
5. Number of petals per flower. This was taken by counting the number of
petals per flower at fill bloom stage.
6. Vaselife. This was taken by counting the number of days after harvesting
the flowers and holding them in a vase with pure top water only up to the
onset of senescence.
7. Leaf and Stem Color. This was recorded at full bloom stage.
D. Documentation of the study in picture
E. Occurrence of insect pests and diseases.
The prevalence and degree of pests and diseases infestation was recorded
during the duration of the cropping year with the following data gathered.
a. Number of infested plants per plot.
b. Types of pest and diseases present.
c. Degree of infection. This was obtained by using the following rating.
Rating
Degree of Infestation/Infection
1
1-20% infested/infected plants
2
25-40% infested/infected plants
3
45-60% infested/infected plants
4
65-80% infested/infected plants
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
8
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Vegetative Growth
Final Height at Flowering (cm).
Again, there were no significant differences observed among the four varieties of
lisianthus evaluated with regards to final height (Table 1). However, Echo White was the
tallest among the varieties tested with a mean of 56.06 cm and the smallest were
measured from the Blue Picottee with a mean of 48.56 cm.
The height range of lisianthus ranges from 30.48 cm to 60.96 cm, which shows all
the varieties are adapted to La Trinidad Benguet condition
Number of laterals produced per plant.
Based on the results, there were no significant differences on the number of
laterals produced per plant (Table 2). However, Echo Blue has the highest number of
laterals produced per plant with a mean of 16.33, while Echo Pink has the lowest number
of laterals with a mean of 9.67 laterals per plant.
Table 1. Final height at flowering
===============================================================
VARIETY MEAN(cm)
________________________________________________________________________
Echo Pink 50.39a
Echo White 56.06a
Echo Blue 48.63a
Blue Picottee 48.56a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
9
Number of Leaves per Plant at Flowering
As shown in Table 3, there were no significant differences on the number of
leaves per plant at flowering; but the highest number of leaves were counted from Echo
Blue with a mean of 38.22 leaves followed by Echo White and Blue Picottee with a mean
of 33.89 and 33.56 leaves per plant; respectively.
Table 2. Number of laterals produced per plant
VARIETY MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
Echo Pink 9.67a
Echo White 12.00a
Echo Blue 16.33a
Blue Picottee 13.33a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Table 3. Number of leaves per plant at flowering
VARIETY MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
Echo Pink 29.11a
Echo White 33.89a
Echo Blue 38.22a
Blue Picottee 33.56a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
10
Reproductive Stage
Number of days from Transplanting to Flower bud Formation. Table 4 shows that all; the
four varieties of lisianthus planted under La Trinidad condition had no significant
differences on the number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation. (0.5 cm
bud size)
However, Echo Pink flowered slightly earlier compared to the other varieties with
a mean of 111 days. Blue Picottee flowered later with a mean of 117.33 days from
transplanting to flower bud formation. It was very evident as shown by the results that the
means of all the varieties evaluated did not differ significantly from each other under La
Trinidad condition.
Number of days from Flower Bud Formation to Harvesting Stage.Table 5 shows that the
four varieties of lisianthus had no significantly differences in the number of days from
flower bud formation to harvesting stage. However, Echo Pink was the earliest to form
flower buds up to harvesting stage with a mean of 27.33 days. While Blue Picottee was
the latest to form flower bud formation to harvesting stage with a mean of 31.67 days.
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
11
Table 4. Number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation (0.5 cm bud size)
VARIETY MEAN (days)
________________________________________________________________________
Echo Pink 111.00 a
Echo White 112.11a
Echo Blue 114.67 a
Blue Picottee 117.33a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Table 5. Number of days from flower bud formation to harvesting stage
VARIETY MEAN
_______________________________________________________________________
Echo Pink 27.33a
Echo White 28.89a
Echo Blue 28.77a
Blue Picottee 31.67a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
12
Flower Characteristics
Again comparable stem lengths were recorded in all the varieties at flowering and
results show that there were no significant differences on the length of stems at harvest
(Table 6). However, Echo White had the longest cutflower stem with a mean of 36.77 cm
followed by Echo Pink with a mean of 34.50 cm and the shortest was the cutflower Blue
Picottee with a mean of 29.58 cm.
Table 6. . Length of stem at harvesting stage
VARIETY MEAN (cm)
________________________________________________________________________
Echo Pink 34.50a
Echo White 36.77a
Echo Blue 31.69 a
Blue Picottee 29.58a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Table 7. Flower size at full bloom stage (cm)
VARIETY MEAN (cm)
________________________________________________________________________
Echo Pink 3.37a
Echo White 4.33a
Echo Blue 4.26 a
Blue Picottee 4.61a
_______________________________________________________________________
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
13
Flower size at full bloom (cm). Table 7 presents the flower size at full bloom (cm) at
flowering as affected by the four varieties used.
Results showed that there were no significant differences obtained on the flower
size of all varieties evaluated. Nevertheless, Blue Picottee produced the biggest flower at
full bloom with a mean of 4.61 cm; while variety Echo Pink produced the smallest flower
sizes at full bloom with a mean of 3.37 cm.
Cutflower yield per 1×5 m plot. Results show that, Blue Picottee produced significantly
higher volume of cutflowers yield per 1×5 m plot compared to the other 3 varieties
evaluated; while Echo Pink produced the lowest cut flower yield with a mean of 9.72
cutflower per plot (Table 8).
Table 8. Cutflower yield
VARIETY MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
Echo Pink 9.72 b
Echo White 9.72b
Echo Blue 9.44b
Blue Picottee 12.49 a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
14
Number of flower produced per plant. A result shows that that there were no
significant differences on the number of flower produced per plant (Table 9). How ever,
Blue Picottee was the highest number of flower produced per plant with a mean of 3.77;
while Echo Pink has the lowest number of flower produced per plant with a mean of 2.66.
Table 9. Number of flowers produced per plant
VARIETY MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
Echo Pink 2.67a
Echo White 3.00a
Echo Blue 3.10 a
Blue Picottee 3.78a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Table 10. Number of petals per flower
VARIETY MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
Echo Pink 12.33a
Echo White 14.00 a
Echo Blue 12.67a
Blue Picottee 12.66a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
15
Number of Petals per Flower
Results show that, there were no significant differences observed among the
varieties evaluated (Table 10). However, flowers of Echo White had slightly higher
number of petals counted per flower with a mean of 14 petals followed but Echo Blue
and Blue Picottee with a means of 12.67 and 12.66 petals per flower; respectively.
Vaselife
Table 11 shows the vaselife of lisianthus cut flowers as affected by the different
varieties evaluated.
Results showed that there were significant differences were observed on the
vaselife of the different varieties of lisianthus harvested and held in tap water only under
room temperature. How ever, Blue Picottee had the slightly longer vaselife with a mean
of 10 days followed by Echo Blue with a mean of 8.33 days. On the other hand, Echo
Pink and Echo White had the shortest vaselife with a mean of 8 days, respectively.
Table 11. Vaselife
VARIETY MEAN (days)
________________________________________________________________________
Echo Pink 8.00b
Echo White 8.00b
Echo Blue 8.33 b
Blue Picottee 10.00a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
16
Leaf and Stem Color
It was observed that lisainthus have bluish-green color of leaves and stems. The
shape of the leaves is ovate to oblong and is opposite in arrangement or phyllotaxy.
Occurrence of Insect pests and Diseases
It was observed the white flies, cutworms, and leaf miners were the insects
infesting the lisianthus plants. The only disease identified was fusarium wilt.
Table 12. Degree of infestation of white flies, cutworms, leaf miner and fusarium wilt
VARIETY Degree of infestation
White flies Cutworms
Leaf miners Fusaruim wilt.
________________________________________________________________________
Echo Pink
1
1
1
1
Echo White
1
1
1
1
Echo Blue
1
1
1
1
Blue Picottee
1
1
1 1
_______________________________________________________________________
Rating Scale:
1= 1-6
2= 7-12
3= 13-18
4 = 19-24
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
17
Documentation of the Study
Figure . 1 “Echo Pink”
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
18
Figure 2. “Echo White”
Figure 3. “Echo Blue”
Figure 4. “Blue Picottee “
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
19
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The growth and flower characteristics of four varieties of lisianthus were
evaluated at Benguet State University Ornamental Research Area from October 2007 to
February 2008, to determine the varity/ies in the locality.
Observations show that there were no significant differences among the varieties
of lisianthus in terms of number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation,
number of days from flower bud formation to harvesting stage, number of laterals, final
height at flowering, number of leaves, length of cutflower stem, flower size at full bloom
stage, number of laterals produced per plant and number of petals per flower.
However, Blue Picottee cutflower ha the longest vaselife of 10 days and the
highest volume of cutflower yield with a mean of 12.49 cutflowers per 1×5 m plot
compared to the other varieties evaluated.
Conclusion
Based on the results of the study, all the four varieties of lisianthus are adoptable
to the existing climatic conditions of La Trinidad Benguet and can be grown for
lisianthus cutflower production.
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
20
Recommendation
It is recommended that additional varieties of lisianthus should be evaluated in La
Trinidad Benguet or nearby areas with similar climatic conditions and planting trials of
the four varieties evaluated should be done in other locations in Benguet for proper
comparison of results.
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
21
LITERATURE CITED
ANONYMOUS. PanAmerican Seed. Undated. Cut Flower Lisianthus. Retrieved
October 20, 2007 http:/www.balseed.com/Media/Culture/PAS/LisianthusCutflower.pdf
ANONYMOUS. Roger Fox. 1998.Lisianthus: A Specialty Cut Flower. Retrieved
October 20, 2007 from http://www.hydroponics.com.au/php/viewtopic.php?t=43
ANONYMOUS. Stanton A. Gill. Undated. Production of Lisianthus as a
Cutflower.Retrieved October 20, 2007 from
http://www.agnr.umd.edu/MCE/Publications/Publication.cfm?ID=169.
HERMANO, F. G. 2006.Growing exotic Temperate Cutflowers. Published by
Benguet State University. Km. 6 La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines. Pp. 64-69.
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
22
APPENDICES
APPENDIX TABLE 1. Final height at flowering (cm)
VARIETY
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
V1
33.87 37.33 31.70 102.90
34.30
V2
30.50 35.50 44.30 110.30
36.77
V3
25.90 30.83
38.33 95.06
31.69
V4
32.40 25.67
30.67 88.74
29.58
Analysis of Variance
Source of Degrees of Sum of Mean Computed Tabular F
Variance
freedom squares square F
0.05 0.01
________________________________________________________________________
Replication
2
65.711 32.856
Treatment
3 87.814 29.271 1.16ns
4.76 9.78
Error
6
150.823 25.137
________________________________________________________________________
Total
11
304.35
ns= not significant Coefficient of variation= 15.15%
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
23
APPENDIX TABLE 2. Number leaves per plant at flowering
VARIETY
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
V1
24.00
35.33
28.00
87.33
29.11
V2
25.33
41.00
35.33
101.66
33.87
V3
29.33
46.00
39.33
114.66
38.22
V4
32.00
26.00 42.67
100.67
35.56
Analysis of Variance
Source of Degrees of Sum of Mean Computed Tabular F
Variance
freedom squares square F
0.05 0.01
________________________________________________________________________
Replication
2
219.170 109.585
Treatment
3 124.661 41.554 0.96 ns 4.76 9.78
Error
6
256.134 42.686
________________________________________________________________________
Total
11
304.35
ns= not significant Coefficient of variation= 15.15%
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
24
APPENDIX TABLE 3. Number of laterals per plant at flowering
VARIETY
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
V1
7.00
10.00
12.00 29.00
9.67
V2
9.00
12.00
15.00 36.00
12.00
V3
10.00
24.00
15.00 49.00 16.33
V4
9.00
8.00
23.00 40.00
13.33
Analysis of Variance
Source of Degrees of Sum of Mean Computed Tabular F
Variance
freedom squares square F
0.05 0.01
________________________________________________________________________
Replication
2
115.167
57.583
Treatment
3 69.667
23.222 0.89 ns 4.76 9.78
Error
6
156.833
23.139
Total
11
341.667
ns= not significant Coefficient of variation= 39.84%
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
25
APPENDIX TABLE 4. Number of days from transplanting to flower bud formation
VARIETY
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
V1
114.00
116.00
103.00
333.00
11.00
V2
112.33
115.33
108.67
336.33
112.11
V3
121.00
111.00
112.00
344.00
114.67
V4
119.67
120.00
112.33
352.00
117.33
Analysis of Variance
Source of Degrees of Sum of Mean Computed Tabular F
Variance
freedom squares square F
0.05 0.01
________________________________________________________________________
Replication
2
139.673
69.837
Treatment
3 71.789 23.930 1.82ns 4.76 9.78
Error
6
78.848 13.141
Total
11
290.310
ns= not significant Coefficient of variation= 19.39%
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
26
APPENDIX TABLE 5. Number of days from flower bud formation to harvesting stage
VARIETY
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
V1
28.00
29.00
25.00
82.00
27.33
V2
30.00
29.00
27.67
86.67
28.89
V3
30.00
29.33
27.00
86.33
28.78
V4
30.33
36.00
28.67
95.00
31.67
===============================================================
Analysis of Variance
Source of Degrees of Sum of Mean Computed Tabular F
Variance
freedom squares square F
0.05 0.01
________________________________________________________________________
Replication
2
29.125
14.56
Treatment
3 29.519
9.840 3.52ns 4.76 9.78
Error
6
16.778
________________________________________________________________________
Total
11
75.422
ns= not significant Coefficient of variation= 14.87%
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
27
APPENDIX TABLE 6. Length of stem at harvesting stage (cm)
VARIETY
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
V1
40.00
52.17
59.00
151.17
50.39
V2
39.50
57.67
71.00
168.17
56.05
V3
47.83
52.17
45.9
145.90
48.63
V4
44.17
48.17
53.33
145.67
48.56
Analysis of Variance
Source of Degrees of Sum of Mean Computed Tabular F
Variance
freedom squares square F
0.05 0.01
________________________________________________________________________
Replication
2
432.650 216.325
Treatment
3 112.440 37.480 0.71ns 4.76 9.78
Error
6
315.434
52.572
________________________________________________________________________
Total
11
860.523
ns= not significant Coefficient of variation= 14.24%
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
28
APPENDIX TABLE 7. Flower size at full bloom stage
VARIETY
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
V1
3.08
3.92
3.10
10.10
3.37
V2
4.41
4.17
4.42
13.00
4.33
V3
4.25
3.45
5.08
12.78
4.26
V4
4.75
5.00
4.08
13.03
4.61
Analysis of Variance
Source of Degrees of Sum of Mean Computed Tabular F
Variance
freedom squares square F
0.05 0.01
_______________________________________________________________________
Replication
2
0.005
0.002
Treatment
3 2.612
0.871 2.30ns
4.76 9.78
Error
6
2.276
0.379
________________________________________________________________________
Total
11
4.893
ns= not significant Coefficient of variation= 14.87%
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
29
APPENDIX TABLE 8. Cutflower yield per 1x5m per plot
VARIETY
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
V1
8.33
10.00
10.82
29.16
9.72
V2
9.16
10.00
10.00
29.16
9.72
V3
10.00
9.16
9.16
28.32
9.44
V4
11.66
13.32
12.50
37.48 12.49
===============================================================
Analysis of Variance
Source of Degrees of Sum of Mean Computed Tabular F
Variance
freedom squares square F
0.05 0.01
________________________________________________________________________
Replication
2
1.505
0.753
Treatment
3 19.854
6.618 14.86** 4.76 9.78
Error
6
2.673 0.445
________________________________________________________________________
Total
11
24.673
**- highly significant Coefficient of variation= 6.50%
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
30
APPENDIX TABLE 9. Number of flowers produced per plant for the duration cropping
period
VARIETY
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
V1
2.33
2.33
3.33
8.67
2.89
V2
3.00
3.33
2.67
9.00
3.00
V3
3.33
2.30
3.67
3.67
3.11
V4
3.00
3.33
5.00
11.33
3.77
Analysis of Variance
Source of Degrees of Sum of Mean Computed Tabular F
Variance
freedom squares square F
0.05 0.01
________________________________________________________________________
Replication
2
1.718
0.859
Treatment
3 1.961
0.654 1.58ns
4.76 9.78
Error
6
2.483
0.414
________________________________________________________________________
Total
11
6.163
ns= not significant Coefficient of variation= 20.52%
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
31
APPENDIX TABLE 10. Number of petals per flower
VARIETY
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
_______________________________________________________________________
V1
12.33
11.67
13.00
37.00
12.33
V2
14.00
13.67
14.33
42.00
14.00
V3
12.00
13.67
12.33
38.00
12.67
V4
12.33
13.33
12.33
37.99
12.66
Analysis of Variance
Source of Degrees of Sum of Mean Computed Tabular F
Variance
freedom squares square F
0.05 0.01
________________________________________________________________________
Replication
2
0.393
0.196
Treatment
3 4.922
1.641 3.35ns
4.76 9.78
Error
6
2.941
0.490
_______________________________________________________________________
Total
11
8.255
ns= not significant Coefficient of variation= 15.15%
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
32
APPENDIX TABLE 11. Vaselife
VARIETY
REPLICATION
I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
V1
8.00
8.00
8.00
24.00
8.00
V2
8.00
8.00
8.00
24.00
8.00
V3
8.00
8.00
9.00
25.00
8.33
V4
10.00
10.00 10.00
30.00 10.00
Analysis of Variance
Source of Degrees of Sum of Mean Computed Tabular F
Variance
freedom squares square F
0.05 0.01
________________________________________________________________________
Replication
2
0.167
0.083
Treatment
3 8.250
2.750 33.00** 4.76 9.78
Error
6
0.500 0.083
________________________________________________________________________
Total
11
8.917
**- highly significant Coefficient of variation= 3.36%
Performance of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Under
La Trinidad Benguet Condition / Staphanie M. Miguel. 2008
Document Outline
- Performance of Lisianthus(Eustoma grandiflorum) Under La Trinidad Benguet Condition
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- The Plant
- Light and Temperature Requirement
- Soil and Fertilizer Requirement
- Harvesting and Postharvest Handling
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- Vegetative Growth
- Final Height at Flowering (cm).
- Number of laterals produced per plant.
- Number of Leaves per Plant at Flowering
- Number of days from Transplanting to Flower bud Formation
- Flower Characteristics
- Flower size at full bloom (cm).
- Cutflower yield per 1�5 m plot
- Number of Petals per Flower
- Vaselife
- Leaf and Stem Color
- Occurrence of Insect pests and Diseases
- Documentation of the Study
- Vegetative Growth
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- Summary
- Conclusion
- Recommendation
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES