BIBLIOGRAPHY SAGAYO, BELEN B. May 2008....

BIBLIOGRAPHY
SAGAYO, BELEN B. May 2008. Growth and Yield Performance of Five
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition.
Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Fernando R. Gonzales, Ph.D.
ABSTRACT

The result of the study showed that all the six variety of chickpea grown in Bano-
oy, Buguias, Benguet had varying yields due to differences in growth characteristics
which affects their growth and yield performance.
On the emergence percentage ICCV 2, ICCV 93952, ICCV 94954 and ICCV
94954 had the highest percentage emergence while ICCV 95332 and ICCV 95334 had
lowest percentage emergence. As to days from planting to flowering, ICCV 2 were
earliest to produce flower and were also the earliest to reach harvesting stage. In terms of
plant height at flowering kabuli type were significantly taller than desi type. On average
number of lateral branches ICCV 94954 significantly produced more number of lateral
branches over the other varieties evaluated.
As to percentage pod setting, ICCV 94954 and ICCV 95332 had the highest
percentage pod setting followed by ICCV 2, ICCV 95334, ICCV 93954 and ICCV 93952
had lowest pod setting. In yield, ICCV 94954 produced higher number of seed per pod,
weight of pod produced per plant, yield per plot and yield per hectare. Weight of 1000
seeds and average seed diameter follows a trend where ICCV 95334 had the highest

weight of 1000 seeds the same as through with seed diameter. As observed that the wider
the seed diameter, the heavier the weight.
Result of germination test done, ragdoll method had a higher germination
percentage than on petri disc.

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Description of the Crop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
Climatic and Soil Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
Harvesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Drying and Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Importance of Selecting Varieties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
MATERIALS AND METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Emergence Percentage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Days from Planting to Flowering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
Average Height at Flowering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
Days from Planting to First Harvest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Average Number of Lateral Branches

at Flowering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
iii

Total Number of Harvest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
Percentage Pod Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
Average Number of Seeds per Pod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
Average Weight of Pods Produced

per Plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Average Yield Per Plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Total Yield per Plot and Total Yield

per Hectare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
Weight of 1,000 seeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
Average Seed Diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
Germination Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
Varietal Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
Pest and Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33
LITERATURE CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36

iv

1
INTRODUCTION

Buguias is a leading vegetable producing municipality with 5,619 hectares
devoted for planting potato, cabbage, sweet potato, Chinese cabbage, beans, garden pea,
carrot, radish, celery, lettuce and root crop production.

Buguias is located in Northern Benguet bounded on the west of Mankayan and
Bakun and on the south by Kabayan and Kibungan. It has an average temperature of 15oC
to 17oC and elevation of 1,550 m. above sea level.
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) belongs to the family Fabaceae. It is annual cool
season legume or pulse crop or as a green vegetable with the former use being common.
This crop is one of the most important legumes grown in India, ranking fourth among
Indian food sources. Chickpea is often used as an alternative protein product and one of
the plants with highest amount of protein.
Chickpea is mainly used by human consumption and only a small portion is used
as feed. Kabuli type is generally used as whole grains, while desi type is used as whole
seed, dehulled split or flour. Chickpea is also known for its herbal medicine and
cosmetics.
The plant grows to between 20 cm to 50 cm. tall and has small feathery leaves on
both sides of the stem. One seed pod contains two to three seeds. The flowers are white
or reddish-blue. Chickpea need subtropical or tropical climate and more than 400 mm
annual rain.
Chickpea is relatively drought – tolerant due to its long taproot, which allows it to
extract water from greater depths in the soil profile. Chickpea have not been introduce or

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

2
cultivated in the Cordillera’s specially in Benguet even the agroclimatic condition is
suitable for its production due to lack of information and no available planting materials.
The introduction of new highbred ICRISAT cultivar of chickpea coupled with the
generation of location specific technologies for highland of CAR, chickpea could become
a cash earner. More ever, the supply of chickpea in the Philippines depends on
importation from chickpea producing countries.
It is then a worth while activity to conduct this study to select those chickpea
varieties with good performance on our local condition to enable our farmer to increase
their profit and as also an alternative crop and at the same time to provide food for the
increasing population of the country.
This study was conducted to introduce and promote chickpea production in
Benguet province especially in Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet, to determine the growth and
yield of chickpea under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet and to select chickpea varieties that
could be profitably grown under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet.
The study was conducted at Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet from November 2007 to
January 2008.

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Description of the Plant
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) are multiple branched, spreading growth habit
annual ranging from 20 cm to 50 cm. tall. Some chickpea varieties have compound leaves
with 8 to 20 leaflets and some have simple leaves, which are pubescent or hairy in
appearance. Chickpea leaves exude malic and oxalic acids.
Flower are usually self pollinated which are borne in group of two or three and
come in purple, white, or blue in color depending upon the variety. Each flower produce
short, pubescent pod which is 3/4 in. to 2 in. long. Each pod contains one or two seeds.
The seed is spherical in shape, wrinkled and with pointed beak. The seed color is yellow
to dark brown. The root system are well develop, has a strong tap root with numerous
lateral branches that spread out in all direction in the upper layer of the soil.

Nutrition
Chickpea are good source of Zinc, folate and protein. They are also very high in
dietary fiber and thus are a healthy food source of carbohydrates for person with insulin.
They are low in fat, and most of the fat content is polysaturated.
According to International Crop Research Institute for the Semi- Arid Tropics
(ICRISAT), on an average, chickpea seed contains 23% protein, 64% carbohydrates, 47%
starch, 5% fat, 6% crude fiber, 6% soluble sugar and 3% ash. They also report that
chickpea has high mineral content of Phosphorus (340 mg/100g), Calcium (190
mg/100g), Magnesium (140 mg/100g), Iron (7 mg/100g) and Zinc (3mg /100g).

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

4
Uses
Mature chickpeas can be cooked and eaten in salads, cooked in stews and ground
into flour. Unripe chickpeas are often picked of the pod and eaten as a raw snack in many
parts of India, and the plant are eaten there as a green vegetable in salad. In Chile, a
cooked chickpea milk (4:1) mixture was food for feeding infants. Gram husk and green
or dried stems and leaves are used for stock feed. Whole seeds may be milled directly for
feed. Acids exudates from leaves can be applied medicinally or used as vinegar.
Medicinal application includes use for aphrodisiac, dyspepsia, flatulence, snake bite, sun
stroke and warts. Acids also used to lower blood cholesterol levels (Duke, 1981).
In addition, among the food legumes, chickpea is the most hypocholeteremic
agent; germinated chickpea was reported to be effective in controlling cholesterol level in
rats (Geervani, 1991).

Climate and Soil Requirement
Chickpea need a sub-tropical or tropical climate and are generally drought tolerant
with moderate rainfall of 400 mm. per annum. Chickpea thrive under good condition with
daytime temperature between 21oC to 29oC and night temperature near 20oC.
Chickpea does best on fertile sandy loam soils with good internal drainage. Good
drainage is necessary because even short period of flooded or water logged fields reduce
growth and increase susceptibility to root rot and stem rots. The pH requirement is 8.5
and below.

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

5
Harvesting
Chickpea can be harvested direct or swathed prior to combining depending upon
uniformity of maturity and weed problems. About 1 week of good drying weather is
required in the swath.
Chickpea can be swathed when the plants are yellowing and the pods are their
mature color. This should be done when the plants are slightly damp to facilitate forming
the swath without yield loss. When the vines, pods and seeds in the windrow are dry
enough (seed moisture about 13%) the swath can be combined. Seed color is important
(buyers prefer a yellowish-cream color) so greenish and brown seeds are generally
unacceptable. Slight bleaching does occur in the swath. About 1% immature color seed is
allowed before deductions is implemented.
Adjust the combine screen size, cylinder speed, concave clearance and air flow
carefully to maintain a quality seed with little physical damage or excessive trash.

Drying and Storage
Moisture content should be around 10 to 12% to prevent insect and or disease
outbreaks in storage. Because of their relatively large seed size, chickpea can be dried
slightly with ambient temperature air flow through thin layers in a regular storage bin.
Storage system should be carefully fumigated before storing chickpea and all
storage areas should be monitored regularly to identify potential problems early.

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

6
Importance of Selecting Varieties
Selection of the variety to be planted is one of the most important decisions the
commercial vegetable grower must make each season. Considering the yield
performance, the variety has the potential to produce crop at least equivalent to those
already grown. It must also perform well under a range of environmental conditions
usually encountered on individual farm, posses excellent resistant against pest, diseases
and harvested product have the quality characteristics desired by the packers, shippers,
wholesalers, retailer, and consumer which include size, shape, flavor and nutritional
quality (Lorenz and Maynard, 1986). Currently large seeded, lighter colored seed types of
chickpea are preferred for soup and salad bar uses (Doll et al., 1990).
Lorenz and Maynard (1986) mentioned the importance of good seed of the right
variety of strain suitable for the locality should not be overlooked. Some variety produce
extremely well under one set of condition but became worthless in another condition.
Knott (1989) supported this when he stated that certain variety of crop do well in one
district and be worthless in another condition. This is also noted by Edmund et al (1957)
that varieties of the same kind are adoptable and thus, profitable and other variety are
non-adoptable and this relatively unprofitable in some region.
In addition, Villareal (1969) explained that the planting good seeds is essential to
the success on the growing vegetable. Planting vegetable variety except the best variety
adapted to the environment in which it will grow unnecessary limit the potential for the
high yield and profits even before the first seed is planted. Also Work and Carew (1955)
stated that having varietal evaluation is important to observe the performance character

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

7
such as yield, earliness, vigor, maturity and keeping quality because different variety
have wide range of differences in plant size and yielding performance.
Furthermore, Bautista et al (1983), pointed that plant species/ varieties has a set of
genetic make-up and it is termed genotype. It determines the yield potentials, relative
susceptibility to unfavorable environment, earliness and regularity of bearing, length of
productive life and size and shape of the plant at maturity. Wolfe and Kipps (1953) also
stated that before maximum yield can be attained a variety must be adapted to the
selection in which it is grown.

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

8
MATERIALS AND METHODS

The materials used in the study wee the six chickpea varieties, farm tools,
measuring material, weighing scale, identifying pegs, fertilizer, fungicide and
insecticides.
The study was conducted at Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet having an average
temperature of 15oC to 17oC and an elevation of 1,550 meter above sea level.
Six varieties of chickpea from ICRISAT were introduced and evaluated at Bano-
oy, Buguias, Benguet promising varieties adapted to Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet
condition were selected.
The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with
our replication. The treatments were as follows.
Desi Type
Kabuli Type
T1- ICCV 93952
T4- ICCV 2
T2- ICCV 93954
T5- ICCV 95332
T3- ICCV 94954
T6- ICCV 95334
An area of 500 square meters that is previously planted with cabbage was prepared
for the study. The area was divided into four blocks. Each treatment was planted in two
plots measuring 1m x10m. Two furrows was made within the plot at 30 cm. apart where
1/ 2 kg. of inorganic fertilizer (14 - 14 -14) and 1 kerosene can of chicken dung were
applied evenly and mixed with the soil before planting the seed singly at a distance of 30
cm between rows and 10 cm between hills. There were 20 sample plants per treatment /
replicate selected randomly.

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

9
All other cultural practices like irrigation, weeding, insect and disease control was
employed to ensure good growth and yield of the crop.
The data gathered were:
A. Vegetative Growth
1. Emergence Percentage (%). This was recorded 15 days after sowing the seeds
using the formula;
Emergence Percentage (%) = Number of Seed Germinated x 100

Number of Seed Sown

2. Days from planting to flowering. This was taken at flowering stage. This was
gathered by counting the number of days from planting to flowering.
3. Average height at flowering (cm). This was taken at flowering stage (first
flower). The height of the plants in every sample was gathered from planting to flowering
stage.
4. Days from planting to first harvest. This was noted on the first harvest of
seeds. This was gathered by counting the number of days from planting to first harvest.
5. Average number of lateral branches at flowering. This was taken at flowering
(first flowers). This was gathered by counting the lateral branches at flowering. This was
computed as follows:

Ave. No. of Lateral Branches = No. of Lateral Branches of Samples Plants

at Flowering

Sample Plant

6. Total number of harvests. This was the total number of harvesting done for
one cropping season.
7. Percentage pod setting. This was taken using the formula:

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

10
Percentage (%) Pod Setting = Number of Pods per Plant x 100

Number of Flowers Produced per Plant
8. Average number of seeds per pod. This was computed using the formula:

Average number of seeds per pod = Number of Seeds Produced per Plant

Number of Pods per Plant
9. Average weight of pods produced per plant. This was computed as follows:
Average Weight of Pods = Total Weight of Pods Produced by Sample Plants
Produced per Plant

Number of Sample Plants

10. Average yield per plant (g). This was taken by using the formula:
Average Yield per Plant (g) = Total Yield of Sample Plants

Number of Samples

11. Total yield per plot (kg). This was the total yield of the experimental plot (20
sq. m.)
12. Total yield per hectare (t/ha). This was the total yield of experimental plot (20
sq.m) (500).
13. Weight of 1000 seeds (g). This was taken by weighing 1000 seeds.
14. Average seed diameter. This was taken by measuring the seed diameter using
verner caliper.
15. Germination test. This was conducted one month from seed storage using petri
dish and the ragdoll method. This was computed using the formula;
Emergence Percentage (%) = Number of Seed Germinated x 100

Number of Seed Sown

16. Varietal Characterization
a. Leaf. The shape, color and other leaf characteristics was recorded.

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

11
b. Flower/ pod. The color of flower and pod was recorded at flowering and at
first harvesting stage.
c. Seed. The color shape and size was recorded at harvest.

17. Incidence of Pest and Diseases
a. Insect pest. Insects that infest the plant during the cropping season was
noted and identified during the vegetative and reproductive stages of plant growth.
b. Diseases. Plant diseases observed during the cropping season was
recorded and the causal organism was identified including the degree of infestation.
18. Meteorological Data
a. Temperature (OC)
19. Documentation. This was taken through pictures.

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

12

Figure 1. Flowering stage

Figure 2. Flowering stage of kabuli type
Figure 3. Flowering stage of desi type

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

13

Figure 4. Overview of the experiment

Figure 5. Planting chickpea at Bano-oy, Buguias

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

14
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Emergence Percentage

Table 1 shows highly differences among the different varieties of chickpea in
terms of emergence percentage. The highest emergence percentage was obtained from
ICCV2, ICCV 93952, ICCV 94954 which had comparable means ranging from 86.25 to
98.25% ICCV 5332 and ICCV 95334 had the lowest percentage emergence.
These results confirmed the statement of Edmund et. al. (1957) that emergence is
essentially a quickening of growth of embryo and the same explained that varieties and
strains differ in adaptability for any given region.

Table 1. Percentage field emergence (%)
VARIETY
MEAN
(%)
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
93.75a
ICCV 93954
86.25a
ICCV 94954
90.25a
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
98.25a
ICCV 95332
66.00b
ICCV 95334
51.25b
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

15
Days from Planting to Flowering

Table 2 shows that among the six cultivars ICCV 2 attained flowering the earliest
but were comparable with ICCV 95332 while ICCV 93952 were the latest to flower.
Differences on the days to flowering could be attributed to varietal characteristics of the
plant were kabuli type are generally early maturing while desi type are late maturing
varieties.

These results agrees that varietal evaluation is important to observe the
performance character such as yield, earliness, vigor, maturity and keeping quality
because different variety have wide range performance (Work and Carew, 1955). These
results also confirm well to the statement of Bautista et. al., (1989) that each plant or
variety has different genetic make-up that affects the earliness of bearing and regularity
of flowering.

Table 2. Days from planting to flowering
VARIETY
MEAN
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
64.25a
ICCV 93954
60.90b
ICCV 94954
61.04b
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
46.60d
ICCV 95332
49.64cd
ICCV 95334
51.31c
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

16
Average Height at Flowering

Significant differences were obtained on the average height at flowering stage. As
shown in Table 3, ICCV 95334 was the tallest among the varieties with a mean of 42.81
cm., while ICCV 94954 is the shortest with a mean of 34.41 cm. Generally, Kabuli type
varieties were taller than Desi type at flowering stage.
The observed differences among the chickpea varieties further indicate their
differential adaptability to local conditions as well as their inherent height potential.
Furthermore, kabuli type are generally taller thank desi type.

Table 3. Average height at flowering (cm)
VARIETY
MEAN
(cm)
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
36.38b
ICCV 93954
35.61b
ICCV 94954
34.41b
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
38.71ab
ICCV 95332
38.77ab
ICCV 95334
42.81a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

17
Days from Planting to First Harvest
As presented in Table 4, ICCV 2 were the earliest to mature and reach harvesting
stage, which differed significantly from the other cultivars. The differences in the days of
planting to first harvest seem to be directly related to the days from planting to flowering,
where it follows the same trend that the first to produce flowers were also the first of
have pod harvest. Bautista et.al. (1983) mentioned that each variety contains a set of
genetic make-up which determines earliness of bearing and maturity.

Table 4. Number of days from planting to first harvest
VARIETY
MEAN
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
128.50a
ICCV 93954
123.75a
ICCV 94954
113.00b
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
94.75d
ICCV 95332
103.50c
ICCV 95334
104.50c
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

18
Average Number of Lateral Branches at Flowering
There were significant differences on the average number of lateral branches at
flowering as presented in Table 5. It was observed that ICCV 94954 variety produced
higher number lateral branches. Followed by ICCV 94954, ICCV 95334, ICCV 2 and
ICCV 93954 varieties had the lesser number of lateral branches produced.

Total Number of Harvest
Table 6 shows highly significant differences on the total number of harvest as affected by
the different varieties evaluated. Result shows that ICCV 94954 had more number of
harvest followed by ICCV 95332, ICCV 95334, ICCV 2 and ICCV 93954 while ICCV
93952 had the lowest number of harvest.

Table 5. Average number of lateral branches at flowering
VARIETY
MEAN
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
3.13bc
ICCV 93954
3.00c
ICCV 94954
3.73a
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
3.28bc
ICCV 95332
3.43ab
ICCV 95334
3.38bc
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

19
Table 6. Total number of harvest
VARIETY
MEAN
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
2.50c
ICCV 93954
3.00bc
ICCV 94954
4.00a
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
3.50ab
ICCV 95332
4.00a
ICCV 95334
3.50ab
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT

As Bautista et al., (1983) pointed that plant species or variety has a set of genetic
make-up which determines the length of productive life. Thus, lower number of harvest
greatly affects the yield.

Percentage Pod Setting
Table 7 shows highly significant differences on percentage pod setting. ICCV
94954 and ICCV 95332 had the highest percentage pod setting followed by ICCV 2,
ICCV 95334 and ICCV 93954. ICCV 93952 had the lowest pod setting. This result may
be due to the differential responses of this cultivar to the existing environment of the
locality. Cloudy weather that prevails in the locality may have affected the pod settings of
chickpea.

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

20
Table 7. Percentage pod setting (%)
VARIETY
MEAN
(%)
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
54.64b
ICCV 93954
62.99a
ICCV 94954
67.39a
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
66.10a
ICCV 95332
67.62a
ICCV 95334
64.27a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT

This result may be attributed to their varietal characteristics whereas desi type
which was small seeded usually produced two to three seeds per pod. While large seeded
kabuli type consist only one seed per pod.

Average Number of Seeds per Pod
In terms of seed count per pod ICCV 94954 had the highest number of seeds per
pod, it was closely followed by ICCV 93954, ICCV 93952, ICCV 2, ICCV 95332 and
ICCV 95334 had the lesser number of seeds per pods.
This result may be attributed to their varietal characteristics which kabuli type are
usually one seeded while desi type consists of 2 or 3 seeds per pod.

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

21
Table 8. Average number of seeds per pod
VARIETY
MEAN
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
1.27b
ICCV 93954
1.24b
ICCV 94954
1.67a
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
1.22b
ICCV 95332
1.23b
ICCV 95334
1.13b
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT

Average Weight of Pod Produced per Plant

The highest number of pod produce per plant was recorded from ICCV 94954 and
ICCV 95332 followed by ICCV 95334, ICCV 2 and ICCV 93954. ICCV 93952 had the
lightest weight of pod produced. As it was observed that Kabuli type had bigger pod size
which might have attributed to its heavy weight. On the other hand, Desi type had smaller
pod size.

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

22
Table 9. Average weight of pod produced per plant (g)
VARIETY
MEAN
(g)
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
20.98c
ICCV 93954
21.94bc
ICCV 94954
28.69a
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
24.29b
ICCV 95332
28.26a
ICCV 95334
24.69b
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT

Average Yield per Plant

As shown in Table 10 entries which produced highest yield per plant is recorded
from ICCV 94954 which did not markedly differ from ICCV 95332. Followed by ICCV
2, ICCV 93954, ICCV 9533. ICCV 93952 had the lowest yield per plant.
Decrease in yield per plant was due to occurrence of pod borer and rodents
wherein they usually infest the matured pods before harvesting.

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

23
Table 10. Average yield per plant (g)
VARIETY
MEAN
(g)
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
18.13c
ICCV 93954
19.78bc
ICCV 94954
25.95a
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
21.54b
ICCV 95332
24.75a
ICCV 95334
18.69bc
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT

Total Yield per Plot and Total Yield per Hectare
The trend in yield per plot is consistent with the total yield per hectare where
ICCV 94954 had the highest computed yield. Followed by ICCV 95332, ICCV 95334,
ICCV 2 and ICCV 93952 had the lowest yield (Table 11). The lowest yield of these
varieties is due to excessive rainfall which leads to the development of sclerotinia stem
rot which had greatly damage the crop, especially ICCV 939532 and ICCV 93954 and
due to occurrence of pod borer and rodents.

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

24
Table 11. Total yield per plot and total yield per hectare (kg)
VARIETY
TOTAL YIELD PER PLOT
TOTAL YIELD PER
(kg)
HECTARE
(kg/ha)
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
0.94e
421.25e
ICCV 93954
1.14d
571.25d
ICCV 94954
1.87a
935.00a
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
1.33c
663.75c
ICCV 95332
1.66b
829.25b
ICCV 95334
1.36c
678.75c
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT
The result clearly supports the statement of Edmund and Andrews (1957) that
varieties differ in productivity as expression of the hereditary genes influenced by the
environment. The variety best adapted to the environment reflects the high yield potential
according to Villareal (1969). Furthermore, Wolfe and Kipps (1953) stated that before
maximum yield can be obtained a variety must be adapted to the section in which it is
grown.

Weight of 1,000 Seeds (g)
The weight of 1000 seeds is shown in Table 12. Among the six varieties
evaluated, it was observed that ICCV 95334 had the heaviest weight of 1000 seeds with a
mean of 352.03 g. While ICCV 2 had the lightest weight having a mean of 219.25 g.

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

25
Table 12. Weight of 1,000 seeds (g)
VARIETY
MEAN
(g)
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
277.75d
ICCV 93954
230.85d
ICCV 94954
244.25c
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
219.25e
ICCV 95332
335.75b
ICCV 95334
352.03a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT

Differences in weight of 1000 seeds are attributed to the differences in varietal
characteristics such as their sizes. Thus, Kabuli type had bigger seed size which
contributed to its weight while desi type has smaller seed size.

Average Seed Diameter
The widest seed diameter was significantly measured from ICCV 95334 and
ICCV 95332 with a mean of 0.84 and 0.82 followed by ICCV 94954, ICCV 93954. The
smallest seed was measured from ICCV 2 and ICCV 93952 having the same mean of
0.66 cm.

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

26
Table 13. Average seed diameter (cm)
VARIETY
MEAN
(cm)
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
0.66b
ICCV 93954
0.68b
ICCV 94954
0.69b
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
0.66b
ICCV 95332
0.82a
ICCV 95334
0.84a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT

Result shows that seed diameter is directly related to the size and weight of a
seed. The differences in seed diameter reflect the varietal characteristics and genetic
make-up (Bautista et. al., 1983).

Germination Test
Seeds used in the germination test were harvested on their mature stage wherein
their pod color was yellow but some pods with green color were harvested. Just after
harvesting pods were put under the sun. After one week seeds were removed from the
pods and seeds were put in net bag then air dried for two weeks on shaded area.

Ragdoll method. As shown in Table 14, there is highly significant differences in
germination test done in ragdoll method. ICCV 2 had the highest percentage emergence

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

27
followed by ICCV 94954, ICCV 95334, ICCV 95332 and ICCV 93954 while ICCV
93952 lowest percentage emergence. However, result shows that all varieties of chickpea
could survive under Buguias condition.
Petri disc. Result shows that ICCV 2 had the highest germination percentage petri
disc while ICCV 93952 had least percentage emergence.
Low percentage germination maybe due to some factor such as high moisture
content as seeds. However, difference in the germination test done in ragdoll method and
Petri disc is that in ragdoll method, the whole seeds were completely wrapped with moist
cheese cloth providing sufficient moisture to be used by the seed during germination
while in petri disc, only one side of the seed absorbs water resulting to lower
germination.

Table 14. Germination test

MEAN
VARIETY
Ragdoll Method
Petri disc Method
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
49.50d
18.00b
ICCV 93954
51.25d
26.00b
ICCV 94954
72.75b
42.25a
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
86.75a
45.00a
ICCV 95332
62.75c
27.25b
ICCV 95334
63.00c
19.25b
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% by DMRT

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

28
Varietal Characteristics
Leaf characteristics. In Table 15, desi type have small rounded leaflet and has
green leaf color while kabuli type have oblong leaflets and had a light green leaf.
Flower characteristics. Table 16 shows that flower of desi type are violet while
kabuli type is white. All pods of chickpea cultivars are yellow at harvesting stage.
Seed characteristics. Table 17 shows that desi type has brown seed color, angular
in shape and are small to medium in size, while kabuli type had cream seed color, owl’s
head shape and are big to medium in size.

Table 15. Leaf characteristics
VARIETY
LEAF SHAPE
LEAF COLOR
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
small rounded
green
ICCV 93954
small rounded
green
ICCV 94954
small rounded
green
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
Oblong leaflets
light green
ICCV 95332
Oblong leaflets
light green
ICCV 95334
Oblong leaflets
light green

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

29
Table 16. Flower characteristics of the different varieties of chickpea
VARIETY
FLOWER COLOR
COLOR OF POD AT 1st
HARVESTING STAGE

Desi Type

ICCV 93952
violet
yellow
ICCV 93954
violet
yellow
ICCV 94954
violet
yellow
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
white
yellow
ICCV 95332
white
yellow
ICCV 95334
white
yellow

Table 17. Seed characteristics of the different varieties of chickpea
VARIETY
SEED COLOR
SEED SHAPE
SEED SIZE
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
brown
angular
small
ICCV 93954
brown
angular
small
ICCV 94954
brown
angular
medium
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
Cream/ivory white
Owl’s head
Medium
ICCV 95332
Cream/ivory white
Owl’ head
Big
ICCV 95334
Cream/ivory white
Owl’s head
Big

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

30
Pest and Diseases
Table 16 shows that all the varieties evaluated were infested by cutworm during
the vegetative stage. Pod borer were observed during the reproductive stage of the crop.
Collar rot, chickpea stunt and sclerotinia stem rot were the diseases observed
during the cropping season (Table 17). Greater damage on the crop, this is due to
excessive rainfall. The occurrence of sclerotinia stem rot greatly affects the crop specially
the desi type ICCV 93952 and ICCV 94954 which had excessive vegetative growth,
collar root rot was observe to kabuli type and chickpea stunt are usually observed from
desi type.

Table 18. Insect pest observed during the conduct of the study
INSECT PEST
STAGE THEY ATTACKED
Cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon)
Vegetative stage
Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera)
Reproductive stage

Table 19. Diseases observed during the conduct of the study
DISEASE
CAUSAL ORGANISM
DEGREE OF
VARIETIES
INFESTATION
INFECTED
Collar rot
Sclerotium isolfsii sacc
Slight
ICCV2, ICCV
95332, and ICCV
95334

Sclerotinia stem rot Sclerotium sclerotiorum
Severe
ICCV 93952 and
ICCV 94954

Chickpea stunt
Bean (pea) leaf roll virus
Slight
ICCV 93952, ICCV
93954, and ICCV
94954

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

31

Figure 6. Correlation and regression analysis between seed yield and 1000-seed weight
(a) and seed sized (b)

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

32
Meteorological Data
7:00
1:00
30
7:00
28
27
26
25
24
24
23
23
22
20
20
u
s
19
ci 18
18
el
17
16
16
16
C
ees 14
14
14
13
egr 12
D
11
10
8
6
4
2
0
December
January
February
March
April
Months

Figure 7. Temperature during the conduct of the study

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

33
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary
The study was conducted to introduce and promote chickpea production in
Benguet specifically at Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet and to determine the growth and yield
of chickpea under Buguias condition and to identify chickpea varieties that could be
profitably grown under Buguias condition. The study was conducted at Bano-oy,
Buguias, Benguet from November to April 2008.
Result showed that different chickpea varieties significantly vary on emergence
percentage were ICCV 2, ICCV 93952, ICCV 94954 and ICCV 93954 had higher
percentage emergence while the lowest emergence was observed from ICCV 95332 and
ICCV 95334. In days from planting to flowering, ICCV 2 were earliest to produce flower
while Desi type varieties were the latest. As to the number of days to first harvest ICCV 2
matures earlier over the other varieties evaluated. Thus, varieties that produced flower
earlier were the first to attain harvestable stage.
As to the number of lateral branches at flowering ICCV 94954 produced more
number of lateral branches while ICCV 93954 produced the least number of branches.
ICCV 94954 had produced more number of seeds per pod with a mean of 1.67
compared to other varieties which had lesser seeds per pod. As to weight of pod produced
per plant, ICCV 94954 and ICCV 2 had the highest weight of pod while ICCV 93952 had
the lowest pod weight per plant. As to yield per plant, yield per plot and yield per hectare
ICCV 94954 significantly out yielded all the varieties evaluated.

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

34
The result of germination test done in ragdoll method and petri disc wherein
ICCV2 had the highest percentage germination while ICCV 93952 had the lowest
germination percentage.

Conclusion
Based on the results presented and discussed, all the six varieties of chickpea were
adapted under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet however ICCV 94954, a desi type variety and
ICCV 95334 a kabuli type had higher yield potential among the six cultivars evaluated.

Recommendation
With this observation, it is recommended that ICCV 94954 for the desi type and
ICCV 95332 for the kabuli type are to be chosen to be planted by farmers in Bano-oy,
Buguias, Benguet. It is also recommended that further evaluation be done on other part of
Buguias to verify this finding.

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

35
LITERATURE CITED

ANONYMOUS, Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. December 4, 2007 from http. // en.
Wikipedia../org./ wiki / chickpea.

BAUTISTA, O. K., H. V. VALMAYOR, D. C. TABORA Jr. and R. R. C. ESPINO.
1983. Introduction to Tropical Horticulture. College of Agriculture, UPLB.
College, Laguna. Pp. 66-67.

DOLL, J.D., HARDMAN, L. L., KAMINSKI, A.R., OELKE, E.A., OPLINGER, E. S.
and SCHUTE, E.E. 1990. Alternative Field Crops Manual. University of
Wisconsin - Extension, Cooperative Extension University of Minnesota; Center of
Alternative Plant and Animal Products and the Minnesota Extension Service.

November 17, 1997 from http://www.hort. Purdue. Edu / new crop / afcm /
chickpea.Htm /.

DUKE, J.A. 1981. Handbook of legumes of world economic importance. Plenum Press,
New York. p. 52-57.

EDMUND, J. R. and F. S. ANDREWS. 1957. Fundamentals of Horticulture. Mc. Graw
Hill Book Company, New York. Pp. 68-70.

GEERVANI, P. 1991. Utilization of chickpea in India and scope for novel and alternative
uses. Pp. 47-54.

KNOTT, J. E. 1989. Vegetable Production Guide. Los Banos Laguna .UPLB College of
Agriculture .Pp. 168 – 181.

LORENZ, O. A. and D. N. MAYNARD. Knott’s Handbook for Vegetable Grower New
York John Wiley and Sons, lac. Pp. 25 – 30.

VILLAREAL, R. L. 1969. Seed Vegetable Training Manual. College of Laguna;
University of Philippine, College of Agriculture. Pp 46 -47.

WOLFE, T. K. and J. M. KIPPS. 1953. Production of Field Crops. Mc. Graw Hill Book
Company., Inc. New York. Pp. 378.

WORK, P. and CAREW. 1955. Vegetable Production and Marketing. John Wiley and
Sons, Inc. New York. P. 28.

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

36
APPENDICES

APPENDIX TABLE 1. Percentage field emergence (%)
VARIETY
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
IV
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
99
90
95
91
375
93.75a
ICCV 93954
96
79
88
82
345
86.25a
ICCV 94954
90
83
98
90
361
90.25a
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
99
99
96
99
393
98.25a
ICCV 95332
41
78
72
73
264
66.00b
ICCV 95334
28
59
71
53
205
51.25b

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE
DEGREES SUM OF
MEAN
F
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SQUARES SQUARE VALUE
VARIANCE FREEDOM
0.05
0.01
Replication
3
377.458
125.819

Factor A
5
6733.208 1346.642 11.53*
2.90
4.56
Error
15
1752.292
116.819

Total
23
8862.958

*- Significant

Coefficient of Variation: 13.35%

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

37
APPENDIX TABLE 2. Days from planting to flowering
VARIETY
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
IV
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
63.9
65.8
60.8
66.5
257
64.250
ICCV 93954
60.1
60.6
58.8
64.1
243.60 60.900
ICCV 94954
58.4
58.4
61.55
65.8
224.15 61.038
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
47.15
45.8
47.4
46.05
186.40 46.400
ICCV 95332
49.25
50.7
50.65
47.95
198.55 49.638
ICCV 95334
50.55
52.25
51.60
50.85
205.25 51.312

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE
DEGREES SUM OF
MEAN
F
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SQUARES SQUARE VALUE
VARIANCE FREEDOM
0.05
0.01
Replication
3
14.059
4.686

Factor A
5
1069.639
213.928 48.28**
2.90
4.56
Error
15
66.462
4.431

Total
23
1150.160

**- Highly significant

Coefficient of Variation: 3.78%

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

38
APPENDIX TABLE 3. Average height at flowering (cm)
VARIETY
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
IV
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
33.66
38.45
35.05
38.36
145.52 36.380
ICCV 93954
32.54
33.98
34.35
41.58
142.45 35.613
ICCV 94954
32.95
32.18
33.78
38.78
137.62 34.405
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
36.93
36.95
41.35
39.59
154.82 38.705
ICCV 95332
34.38
34.98
40.74
44.96
155.06 38.765
ICCV 95334
42.75
44.10
44.25
40.13
171.23 42.807

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE
DEGREES SUM OF
MEAN
F
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SQUARES SQUARE VALUE
VARIANCE FREEDOM
0.05
0.01
Replication
3
101.177
33.726

Factor A
5
180.601
36.120
4.44*
2.90
4.56
Error
15
122.075
8.138

Total
23
403.854

*- Significant

Coefficient of Variation: 7.55%

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

39
APPENDIX TABLE 4. Number of days from planting to first harvest
VARIETY
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
IV
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
130
132
126
126
514
128.50
ICCV 93954
121
126
125
123
495
123.75
ICCV 94954
112
110
114
116
452
113.00
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
95
92
94
98
379
94.75
ICCV 95332
100
102
104
108
414
103.50
ICCV 95334
105
103
110
100
418
104.50

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE
DEGREES SUM OF
MEAN
F
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SQUARES SQUARE VALUE
VARIANCE FREEDOM
0.05
0.01
Replication
3
11.333
3.778

Factor A
5
3338.833
667.767 63.73**
2.90
4.56
Error
15
157.167
10.478

Total
23
3507.333

**- Highly significant

Coefficient of Variation: 2.91%

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

40
APPENDIX TABLE 5. Average number of lateral branches at flowering
VARIETY
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
IV
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
3.25
3.00
3.25
3
12.50
3.125
ICCV 93954
3.05
2.95
3.05
2.95
12.00
3.00
ICCV 94954
3.90
3.55
3.90
3.55
14.90
3.725
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
3.3
3.25
3.3
3.25
13.10
3.275
ICCV 95332
3.0
3.85
3.0
3.85
13.70
3.425
ICCV 95334
3.5
3.25
3.5
3.25
13.50
3.75

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE
DEGREES SUM OF
MEAN
F
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SQUARES SQUARE VALUE
VARIANCE FREEDOM
0.05
0.01
Replication
3
0.004
0.001

Factor A
5
1.282
0.256
3.93*
2.90
4.56
Error
15
0.979
0.065

Total
23
2.265

*- Significant

Coefficient of Variation: 7.69%

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

41
APPENDIX TABLE 6. Total number of harvest
VARIETY
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
IV
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
3
3
2
2
10
2.50
ICCV 93954
3
4
2
3
12
3.00
ICCV 94954
4
4
4
4
16
4.00
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
3
4
3
4
14
3.50
ICCV 95332
4
4
4
4
16
4.00
ICCV 95334
3
4
4
3
14
3.50

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE
DEGREES SUM OF
MEAN
F
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SQUARES SQUARE VALUE
VARIANCE FREEDOM
0.05
0.01
Replication
3
1.500
0.500

Factor A
5
6.833
1.367
5.86**
2.90
4.56
Error
15
3.500
0.233

Total
23
11.833

**- Highly significant

Coefficient of Variation: 14.14%

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

42
APPENDIX TABLE 7. Percentage pod setting (%)
VARIETY
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
IV
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
54.86
50.7
51.62
61.37
218.55 54.637
ICCV 93954
62.59
60.49
60.32
68.56
251.96 62.990
ICCV 94954
67.8
65.3
67.42
69.07
269.59 67.398
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
62.4
70.72
65.61
65.67
264.40 66.100
ICCV 95332
66.89
62.29
69.01
72.28
270.47 67.618
ICCV 95334
63.72
64.66
63.92
64.76
257.06 64.265

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE
DEGREES SUM OF
MEAN
F
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SQUARES SQUARE VALUE
VARIANCE FREEDOM
0.05
0.01
Replication
3
79.448
26.483

Factor A
5
470.488
94.098
10.75**
2.90
4.56
Error
15
131.326
8.755

Total
23
681.262

**- Highly significant

Coefficient of Variation: 4.64%

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

43
APPENDIX TABLE 8. Average number of seeds per pod
VARIETY
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
IV
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
1.11
1.0
1.31
1.27
4.69
1.27
ICCV 93954
1.08
1.02
1.75
1.11
4.96
1.24
ICCV 94954
1.01
1.3
1.07
1.28
6.67
1.667
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
1.48
1.03
1.26
1.27
5.04
1.22
ICCV 95332
1.22
1.48
1.35
1.37
5.42
1.23
ICCV 95334
1.29
1.2
1.01
1.05
4.55
1.13

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE
DEGREES SUM OF
MEAN
F
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SQUARES SQUARE VALUE
VARIANCE FREEDOM
0.05
0.01
Replication
3
0.265
0.088

Factor A
5
0.899
0.180
1.15**
2.90
4.56
Error
15
2.351
0.157

Total
23
3.514

**- Highly significant

Coefficient of Variation: 24.90%

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

44
APPENDIX TABLE 9. Average weight of pods produce per plant
VARIETY
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
IV
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
22.5
20.6
20.7
20.1
83.90
20.975
ICCV 93954
21.7
24.75
20.15
21.15
87.75
21.938
ICCV 94954
31.45
28.4
28.15
26.75
114.75 28.688
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
24.95
26.4
20.1
25.7
97.15
24.288
ICCV 95332
31.05
28.0
26.0
28.0
113.03 28.262
ICCV 95334
22.06
25.05
23.75
28.2
98.76
24.690

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE
DEGREES SUM OF
MEAN
F
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SQUARES SQUARE VALUE
VARIANCE FREEDOM
0.05
0.01
Replication
3
24.956
8.319

Factor A
5
200.802
40.160
9.99**
2.90
4.56
Error
15
60.254
4.017

Total
23
286.012

**- Highly significant

Coefficient of Variation: 8.08%

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

45
APPENDIX TABLE 10. Average yield per plant (g)
VARIETY
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
IV
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
20.4
18.5
16.3
17.3
72.50
18.125
ICCV 93954
19.0
21.6
17.5
21.35
79.10
19.775
ICCV 94954
28.65
26.1
25.45
23.6
103.80 25.950
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
2.05
21.3
22.65
20.15
86.15
21.537
ICCV 95332
27.8
24.75
21.85
24.6
99.00
24.750
ICCV 95334
18.95
17.25
16.7
22.35
74.75
18.688

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE
DEGREES SUM OF
MEAN
F
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SQUARES SQUARE VALUE
VARIANCE FREEDOM
0.05
0.01
Replication
3
25.039
8.346

Factor A
5
210.551
42.110
11.78**
2.90
4.56
Error
15
53.630
3.575

Total
23
289.220

**- Highly significant

Coefficient of Variation: 8.81%

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

46
APPENDIX TABLE 11. Total yield per plot (kg)
VARIETY
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
IV
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
0.94
1.06
0.86
0.91
3.77
0.942
ICCV 93954
1.03
1.23
1.18
1.13
4.57
1.142
ICCV 94954
1.95
1.79
1.86
1.88
7.48
1.870
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
1.21
1.57
1.21
1.32
5.31
1.328
ICCV 95332
1.68
1.79
1.54
1.62
6.63
1.657
ICCV 95334
1.18
1.41
1.23
1.61
5.43
1.357

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE
DEGREES SUM OF
MEAN
F
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SQUARES SQUARE VALUE
VARIANCE FREEDOM
0.05
0.01
Replication
3
0.101
0.034

Factor A
5
2.273
0.455
35.90**
2.90
4.56
Error
15
0.190
0.013

Total
23
2.563

**- Highly significant

Coefficient of Variation: 8.14%

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

47
APPENDIX TABLE 12. Total yield per hectare
VARIETY
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN
I
II
III
IV
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
470
530
430
455
1885
471.25
ICCV 93954
515
615
590
565
2285
571.25
ICCV 94954
975
895
930
940
3740
935.00
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
605
785
605
660
2655
663.25
ICCV 95332
840
895
775
810
3317
829.25
ICCV 95334
590
705
615
805
2715
678.75

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
F
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SQUARES
SQUARE VALUE
VARIANCE FREEDOM
0.05
0.01
Replication
3
25346.125
8448.708

Factor A
5
568680.208 113736.042 35.87**
2.90
4.56
Error
15
47565.625
3171.042

Total
23
641591.958

**- Highly significant

Coefficient of Variation: 8.14%

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

48
APPENDIX TABLE 13. Seed quality
VARIETY
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
IV
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
234
226
223
228
911.00 227.750
ICCV 93954
225
234
233
231
923.40 230.850
ICCV 94954
236
238
259
244
977.00 244.250
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
218
220
220
219
877.00 219.50
ICCV 95332
336
337
334
336
1343.00 335.750
ICCV 95334
348
352
356
352
1408.10 252.025

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
F VALUE
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
VARIANCE FREEDOM
0.05
0.01
Replication
3
66.941
22.314

Factor A
5
70361.949 14072.390 511.75**
2.90
4.56
Error
15
412.476
27.498

Total
23
70841.367

**- Highly significant

Coefficient of Variation: 1.95%

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

49
APPENDIX TABLE 14. Average seed diameter (cm)
VARIETY
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
IV
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
0.66
0.66
0.66
0.66
2.64
0.660
ICCV 93954
0.65
0.69
0.68
0.68
2.70
0.675
ICCV 94954
0.63
0.74
0.74
0.68
2.79
0.698
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
0.65
0.65
0.68
0.66
2.64
0.660
ICCV 95332
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.80
3.26
0.815
ICCV 95334
0.84
0.86
0.86
0.86
3.36
0.840

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE
DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
F VALUE
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
VARIANCE FREEDOM
0.05
0.01
Replication
3
0.003
0.001

Factor A
5
0.132
0.026
39.52**
2.90
4.56
Error
15
0.010
0.001

Total
23
0.145

**- Highly significant

Coefficient of Variation: 3.57%

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

50
APPENDIX TABLE 15. Germination test (ragdoll method)
VARIETY
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
IV
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
48
51
50
50
198
49.50
ICCV 93954
53
51
50
51
205
51.25
ICCV 94954
76
66
76
73
291
72.75
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
92
80
88
87
347
86.75
ICCV 95332
68
56
64
63
251
62.75
ICCV 95334
72
61
54
62
252
63.00

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES SUM OF
MEAN
F
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SQUARES SQUARE VALUE
VARIANCE FREEDOM
0.05
0.01
Replication
3
157.667
52.556

Factor A
5
3875.333
775.067 50.04**
2.90
4.56
Error
15
232.333
15.489

Total
23
4265.333

**- Highly significant

Coefficient of Variation: 6.12%

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

51
APPENDIX TABLE 16. Germination test (petri dish method)
VARIETY
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
IV
Desi Type

ICCV 93952
21
18
15
18
72
18.00
ICCV 93954
27
31
27
28
104
26.00
ICCV 94954
68
30
29
42
169
42.25
Kabuli Type

ICCV 2
41
35
59
45
180
45.00
ICCV 95332
24
31
27
27
109
27.25
ICCV 95334
21
18
15
18
77
19.25

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGREES SUM OF
MEAN
F
TABULATED F
OF
OF
SQUARES SQUARE VALUE
VARIANCE FREEDOM
0.05
0.01
Replication
3
129.458
43.153

Factor A
5
2629.375
525.875
6.42**
2.90
4.56
Error
15
1228.792
81.919

Total
23
3987.625

**- Highly significant

Coefficient of Variation: 30.55%

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

52

Figure 8. Location of the study

Growth and Yield Performance of Five Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition / Belen B. Sagayo. 2008

Document Outline

Growth and Yield Performance of FiveChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties Under Bano-oy, Buguias, Benguet Condition
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
  - Description of the Plant
  - Nutrition
  - Uses
  - Climate and Soil Requirement
  - Harvesting
  - Drying and Storage
  - Importance of Selecting Varieties
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
  - Emergence Percentage
  - Days from Planting to Flowering
  - Average Height at Flowering
  - Days from Planting to First Harvest
  - Average Number of Lateral Branches at Flowering
  - Total Number of Harvest
  - Percentage Pod Setting
  - Average Number of Seeds per Pod
  - Average Weight of Pod Produced per Plant
  - Average Yield per Plant
  - Total Yield per Plot and Total Yield per Hectare
  - Weight of 1,000 Seeds (g)
  - Average Seed Diameter
  - Germination Test
  - Varietal Characteristics
  - Pest and Diseases
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
  - Summary
  - Conclusion
  - Recommendation
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES