BIBLIOGRAPHY

ARIEL C. MAGALGALIT. APRIL 2012. Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten
Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of Plantmate Organic Fertilizer.
Benguet State University, La Trinidad Benguet.
Adviser: Araceli G. Ladilad PhD.
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted at the Ornamental Horticulture Research Area, Benguet
State University, La Trinidad Benguet from may 2011 to October 2011, to determine the
growth, flowering and yield of ten Anthurium accessions as affected by different rate of
plantmate organic fertilizer and to determine the economics of using plantmate organic
fertilizer in Anthurium cutflower production.

Results show that there were no significant differences on plant height at flowering,
number of leaves per plant at flowering, number of days from harvesting of the first flower
to flower bud formation of the second flower, number of days from flower bud formation
to harvesting stage, length and width of the spathe and vaselife of cutflowers as affected
by different rates of plantmate organic fertilizer. However, on the stem length of cutflowers
at harvest, plants applied with 150 grams per pot of plantmate organic fertilizer produced
taller plants with longer stems compared to other plants applied with the other rates of
plantmate fertilizer. Economically, BSU #5 applied with 150g plantmate per pot obtained
the highest return on investment with 114.35%. Cutflowers produced in this treatment were
classified as medium grade with a retail price of Php90.00 per dozen.

Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer | ARIEL C. MAGALGALIT. APRIL 2012

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Final Height at Harvesting Stage
Effect of variety. Table 1 show that there were no significant differences on the
final height at harvesting stage as affected by different anthurium accessions. However,
two varieties BSU#19 and BSU #21 were shorter than the other varieties because of their
natural inherent characteristics.
Effect of rate of plantmate application. Similarly, Table 1 shows that there were no
significant differences on the final height at harvesting stage of anthurium cutflower
production as affected by different rate of plantmate application.
Interaction effect. Table 1 shows that there were no significant differences on the
final height at harvesting stage obtained asa affected by the 10 anthurium accessions grown
and the different rate of plantmate application.

Number of leaves per Plant at
Flowering (75% Maturity)
Effect of variety. Table 2 show that there were no significant differences obtained
on the number of leaves per plant at flowering as affected different anthurium accessions.
The leaf count ranges from 4.07 to 5.20 leaves per plant at flowering.
Effect of rate of plantmate application. Results show that there were no significant
differences obtained on the number of leaves at flowering as affected by the different rates
of plantmate application.
Interaction effect. Interaction effects between the different varieties and different rate rates
of plantmate application on the number of leaves were not significant.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer | ARIEL C. MAGALGALIT. APRIL 2012

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Table 1. Final height of the plant at flowering


TREATMENT


FINAL
HEIGHT (cm)
________________________________________________________________________
______
Variety
BSU# 1








36.93a
BSU# 2








36.20a
BSU# 5








38.07a
BSU# 6








37.67a
BSU# 7








37.47a
BSU# 9








37.53a
BSU# 14








38.40a
BSU# 16








37.47a
BSU# 19








30.53b
BSU# 21








29.67b
Rate of Plantmate Application (g/pot)
0 (control)








35.77a
50









36.03a
100









36.27a
150









36.08a

200









35.70a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.

Number of Days From Harvesting of the First Flower to
Flower Bud Formation of the Second Flower (1cm Bud Size)

Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer | ARIEL C. MAGALGALIT. APRIL 2012

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Effect of variety. Table 3 show that there were no significant differences on the
number of days from harvesting of the first flower to flower bud formation of the second
flower as affected by variety grown; the mean ranges from 49.47 to 51.07 days.
Table 2. Number of leaves per plant at flowering stage


TREATMENT





NUMBER OF
LEAVES
________________________________________________________________________
______
Variety
BSU# 1








4.73a
BSU# 2








4.27a
BSU# 5








5.07a
BSU# 6








4.87a
BSU# 7








4.60a
BSU# 9








4.87a
BSU# 14








5.20a
BSU# 16








4.93a
BSU# 19








4.80a
BSU# 21








5.07a
Rate of Plantmate Application (g/pot)
0 (control)








4.73a
50









4.87a
100









4.97a
150









5.13a

200









4.90a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer | ARIEL C. MAGALGALIT. APRIL 2012

---

Effect of rate of plantmate application. Results show that there were no significant
differences on the number of days from harvesting of the first flower to flower bud
formation of the second flower as affected by different rates of plantmate applied.
Interaction effect. Interaction effect on the number of days from harvesting of the
first flower to flower bud formation of the second flower as affected by different anthurium
accession and different rate of plantmate application were likewise not significant.
Table 3. days to flower bud formation

TREATMENT








MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
Variety
BSU# 1




49.47a
BSU# 2







51.00a
BSU# 5







50.00a
BSU# 6







51.00a
BSU# 7







50.00a
BSU# 9








51.00a
BSU# 14








51.00a
BSU# 16








50.00a
BSU# 19








50.00a
BSU# 21








51.07a
Rate of Plantmate Application (g/pot)
0 (control)








51.13a
50









51.20a
100








50.37a
150








50.07a

200









50.43a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer | ARIEL C. MAGALGALIT. APRIL 2012

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Number of Days from Flower Bud
Formation to Harvesting Stage

Effect of variety. Table 4 show that there were no significant differences on the
number of days from flower bud formation to harvesting stage. Mean ranges from 48.80 to
52.60 days.

Effect of rates of plantmate application. Effects of different rate of plantmate
application likewise show that there were no significant differences on the number of days
from flower bud formatiob to harvesting stage.

Interaction effect. Interaction effect on the number of days from flower bud
formation to harvesting stage as affected by different anthurium accessions and different
rate of plantmate application were not significant.

Length and Width of the Spathe

Effect of variety. Statistical analysis shows that there were no significant
differences on the length and width of the spathe of the cutflower at harvest as affected by
the variety of Anthurium grown. Length of the spathe ranges from 9.67 to 13.17 cm; while
spathe width ranges from 9.83 to 13.47 cm at ¾ maturty.

Effect of rate of plantmate application. Results show that there were no significant
differences on the length and width of the spathe as affected by different rates of plantmate
application.

Interaction effect. There were no significant interaction effect between the 10
anthurium accession and different rates of plantmate application on the length and width
of the spathe at ¾ maturity.

Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer | ARIEL C. MAGALGALIT. APRIL 2012

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Table 4. number of days from flower bud formation to harvesting stage

TREATMENT








MEAN
___________________________________________________________________
(Days)_____
Variety
BSU# 1








52.60a
BSU# 2








53.00a
BSU# 5








53.20a
BSU# 6








51.20a
BSU# 7








51.20a
BSU# 9








51.60a
BSU# 14








50.40a
BSU# 16








51.40a
BSU #19








49.40a
BSU# 21








48.80a
Rate of Plantmate Application (g/pot)
0 (control)








52a
50









51.20a
100









51.60a
150








50.70a

200









50.70a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.


Stem Length of Cutflower (cm)

Effect of variety. No significant differences found on the stem length of cut flowers
of the ten Anthurium Accessions as affected by variety. However, two varieties which
areBSU#19 and BSU #21 were shorter than the other varieties because of their natural
characteristics.

Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer | ARIEL C. MAGALGALIT. APRIL 2012

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Table 5. Length and width of the spathe


TREATMENT
LENGTH

WIDTH

GRADE
CLASSIFICATION



(cm)

(cm)
________________________________________________________________________
______
Variety
BSU# 1
9.83a


9.67 a


Small


BSU# 2
9.93 a


9.93 a


Small
BSU# 5 12.07 a


11.73 a


Medium
BSU# 6
9.60 a


9.53 a


Small
BSU# 7 10.03 a


9.87 a


Small
BSU# 9 12.37 a


12.20 a


Large
BSU# 14 13.47 a


13.17 a


Large
BSU# 16 12.67 a


12.40 a


Large
BSU# 19
8.10 a


7.67 a


Small
BSU# 21 7.27 a


6.67 a


Miniature
Rate of Plantmate Application (g/pot)
0 (control)
9.90 a


10.18 a


Small
50

10.18 a


10.33 a


Medium
100

10.37 a


10.55 a


Medium
150

10.45 a


10.82 a


Medium

200

10.52a


10.78a


Medium
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.

Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer | ARIEL C. MAGALGALIT. APRIL 2012

---

The variety with the longest stem length was BSU# 1 with a mean of 39.53 cm
while the shortest was BSU# 21 with a mean of 30.60 cm.

Effect of rates of plantmate application. Highly significant differences were
observed on the stem length of the cutflowers as affected by different rates of plantmate
application. Result show that plants applied with 150 grams of plantmate organic fertilizer
obtained the longest stem length of 38.20 cm while the shortest was 36.53 cm that was
measured from the control plants (without plantmate).

Interaction effect. Highly significant differences were observed on stem length as
affected by different rates of plantmate application of different Anthurium accessions.
Figure 13 show that plants treated with 150g of plantmate had the longest stem length of
38.20 cm while plants treated with control had the lowest stem length of 36.53 cm. On the
other hand Figure 14 shows the effect of different rates of plantmate application on the ten
(10) varieties used. BSU #5 obtained the tallest stem length with a mean of 40.23 followed
by BSU #9 and BSU #16 with a mean of 39.83. BSU #19 and BSU #21 had the shortest
stem length with a mean of 31.27 and 31.07.
Vaselife (days)

Effect of variety. Vaselife on the Anthurium cutflowers produced as affected by
different varieties had no significant differences. However, the variety with the longest
vaselife was BSU# 14 with a total of 32.20 days.
Effect of rates of plantmate application. There were no significant differences on
the vase life of Anthurium as affected by different rate of plantmate application. Vase life
ranges from 30.93 days to 31.40 days from holding of the cutflower using tap water only
as the holding solution.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer | ARIEL C. MAGALGALIT. APRIL 2012

---

Table 6. Stem length of cutflower


TREATMENT






STEM
LENGTH (cm)
________________________________________________________________________
______
Variety
BSU# 1




39.80a
BSU# 2







38.70a
BSU# 5







40.23a
BSU# 6







39.63a
BSU# 7







39.60a
BSU# 9








39.83a
BSU# 14








39.23a
BSU# 16








39.83a
BSU# 19








31.27b
BSU# 21








31.07b
Rate of Plantmate Application (g/pot)
0 (control)








37.65bc
50









37.98ab
100








37.68bc
150








38.42a

200









37.87a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.

Number of Cutflowers Produced Per Plant

Effect of variety. The number of cutflowers produced per plant in anthurium as
affected by different varieties had no significant differences. However, BSU# 5 had the
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer | ARIEL C. MAGALGALIT. APRIL 2012

---

highest mean with 2.47 cutflowers while the lowest were harvested from BSU# 21, 16,14,9
and 7 having the same mean of 2.13 flowers per plant.
45
a
a
a
a
a
b
a
40
a a
a
a
a a a
a
a
a
a
a
a a
a
a a
a
a
a
a
a a a
a a
a a
a a
a a
a
a
a
a a
a
b
a
a
a
a
a a
a
a
b
35
varieties
BSU#
b
b
b
b
b b
b
1
b
30
BSU#
b
2
m)
c
(
BSU#
25
5
th
BSU#
ng
e
6
20
BSU#
m L
e
7
St 15
BSU#
9
BSU#
10
14
BSU#
16
5
BSU#
19
0
0
50
100
150
200
Rat
R e of pl
antmat
m e appl
e
ication (
on g/
g pot)

Figure 13. Stem length of cutflower at harvest (1st harvest)






Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer | ARIEL C. MAGALGALIT. APRIL 2012

---

45
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a a
a
40
a a a
a a a
a
a
a a
a a
a
a a
a a
a a a a a a a a
a
a
a
a
a a a
varieties
35
b
b
b
b
b
b
BSU #1
b
b
30
b
b
m)
BSU #2
(c
th 25
BSU #5
ng
e
BSU #6
20
BSU #7
tem L
S 15
BSU #9
BSU #14
10
BSU #16
5
BSU #19
BSU #21
0
0
50
100
150
200
Rat
R e of pl
antmat
m e appl
e
ication (
on g/
g pot)

Figure 14. Stem length of cutflower at harvest (2st harvest)










Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer | ARIEL C. MAGALGALIT. APRIL 2012

---

Table 7. Vaselife of cutflowers at harvest.


TREATMENT







VASE LIFE
(days)
________________________________________________________________________
____
Variety
BSU# 1




31.20a
BSU# 2







30.60a
BSU# 5







32.07a
BSU# 6







30.47a
BSU# 7







30.40a
BSU# 9








30.73a
BSU# 14








32.20a
BSU# 16








32.00a
BSU# 19








31.20a
BSU# 21








30.40a
Rate of Plantmate Application (g/pot)
0 (control)








31.20a
50









30.93a
100








31.23a
150








31.37a

200









31.40a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.



Effect of rates of plantmate application. There were no significant differences on
the number of cut flowers as affected by different rates of plantmate application. Number
of cut flowers ranges from 2.33 to 2.167 per plant for the duration of the study.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer | ARIEL C. MAGALGALIT. APRIL 2012

---

Interaction effect. Interaction effects between 10 anthurium accessions and
different rate of plantmate application on the number of cutflowers produced per plant
were not significant.
Table 8. Number of cutflowers produced per plant


TREATMENT








MEAN
________________________________________________________________________
______
Variety
BSU# 1




2.27a
BSU# 2







2.20a
BSU# 5







2.47a
BSU# 6







2.27a
BSU# 7







2.33a
BSU# 9








2.13a
BSU# 14








2.13a
BSU# 16








2.13a
BSU# 19








2.27a
BSU# 21








2.13a
Rate of Plantmate Application (g/pot)
0 (control)








2.17a
50









2.20a
100








2.27a
150








2.33a

200









2.20a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.

Cost and Return Analysis
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer | ARIEL C. MAGALGALIT. APRIL 2012

---

Table 8 shows that plants applied with 50g plantmate per pot obtained the highest
return on investment with 91.32%. Cutflowers produced in this treatment were classified
as medium grade with a retail price of Php90.00 per dozen. The plants applied with 100g
plantmate per pot obtained the second highest with an ROI of 75.51% followed by those
treated with 150g and
200g plantmate per pot with an ROI of 67.40% and 47.10% respectively. On the other
hand, the control plants obtained the lowest profit with only 32.73% return on investment.

Table 8a. Cost and return analysis

TREATMENT MARKETABLE GROSS
EXPENSES NET PROFIT ROI

RANK


YIELD (Doz.) SALE (Php) (Php)
(Php)
(%)
BSU #1
0


0.50
30.00
24.63
5.37
21.80
21
50


0.50
30.00
26.92
3.10
11.52
25
100


0.58
35.00
29.21
5.79
19.82
23
150


0.58
35.00
31.49
3.51
11.15
27

200


0.67
40.00
33.78
6.22
18.41
24
BSU #2
0


0.58
35.00
24.63
10.37
42.10
15
50


0.50
30.00
26.92
3.10
11.52
25
100


0.50
30.00
29.21
0.79
2.71
22
150


0.67
40.00
31.49
8.51
27.04
19

200


0.50
30.00
33.78
-3.78 -11.19
30
BSU #5
0


0.50
45.00
24.63
20.37
82.70
10
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer | ARIEL C. MAGALGALIT. APRIL 2012

---

50


0.58
52.50
26.92
25.58
95.02
9
100


0.75
67.50
29.21
38.29 131.09
5
150


0.58
52.50
31.49
21.01
66.72
13

200


0.67
60.00
33.78
26.22
77.61
12
BSU #6
0


0.50
30.00
24.63
5.37
21.80
21
50


0.58
35.00
26.92
8.08
30.02
18
100


0.58
35.00
29.21
5.79
19.82
23
150


0.67
40.00
31.49
8.51
27.02
20

200


0.50
30.00
33.78
-3.78 -11.19
30
BSU #7
0


0.67
40.00
24.63
15.37
62.40
14
50


0.50
30.00
26.92
3.08
11.44
26
100


0.67
40.00
29.21
10.79
36.94
16
150


0.50
30.00
31.49
-1.49
-4.73
29
200


0.58
35.00
33.78

1.22 3.61 28
BSU #9
0


0.50
60.00
24.63
35.37 143.60
3
50


0.50
60.00
26.92
33.08 122.88
6
100


0.58
70.00
29.21
40.79 139.64
4
150


0.58
70.00
31.49
38.51 122.29
7

200


0.50
60.00
33.78
26.22
77.62
11





Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer | ARIEL C. MAGALGALIT. APRIL 2012

---

Table 8a. continued…

BSU #14
0


0.50 60.00
24.63
35.37 143.61
2
50


0.58 70.00
26.92
43.08 160.03
1
100


0.50 60.00
29.21
30.79 105.40
8
150


0.58 70.00
31.49
38.51 122.29
7

200


0.50 60.00
33.78
26.22 77.62
11
BSU #16
0


0.50 60.00
24.63
35.37 143.61
2
50


0.50 60.00
26.92
33.08 122.88
6
100


0.58 70.00
29.21
40.79 139.64
4
150


0.58 70.00
31.49
38.51 122.29
7

200


0.50 60.00
33.78
26.22 77.61
12
BSU #19
0


0.58 35.00
24.63
10.37 42.10
15
50


0.50 30.00
26.92
3.08 11.44
26
100


0.58 35.00
29.21
5.79 19.82
23
150


0.58 35.00
31.49
3.51 11.15
27

200


0.58 35.00
33.78
1.22 3.61
28
BSU #21
0


0.50 30.00
24.63
5.37
21.80
21
50


0.58 35.00
26.92
8.08
30.73
17
100


0.58 35.00
29.21
5.79
19.82
23
150


0.50 30.00
31.49
-1.49
-4.73
29

200


0.50 30.00
33.78
-3.78 -11.19
30
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer | ARIEL C. MAGALGALIT. APRIL 2012

---

Retail prices: small = Php 60.00/dozen, Medium = Php 90.00/dozen. Large = Php
110.00/dozen

Table 8b. Cost of production
INPUTS
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT PRICE

TOTAL (Php)
________________________________________________________________________
______
1. Fertilizer
a. Plantmate
25

kg

9.15/kg



230
organic
fertilizer

2. Material
a. PEP bag
150
piece/s

0.63/piece


94.50
3. Labor
a. weeding,
60

hours

20/hour


1,200
watering,
and other cultural
management

________________________________________________________________________
______
TOTAL









Php
1,524.50





Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer | ARIEL C. MAGALGALIT. APRIL 2012

---

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary
The study was conducted at Benguet State University, Ornamental Horticulture
Research Area La Trinidad Benguet from May 2011 to November 2011. To determine the
growth, flowering and yield of ten anthurium accessions as affected by different rate of
plantmate organic fertilizer.

Results show that there were no significant differences noted on the duration of the
flowering and flower development, final height at flowering and harvesting and size of
spathe. Only the stem lengths of cutflowers at harvest were significantly longer in the plants
apllied with 150g/pot of plantmate organic fertilizer.

Cost and return analysis also revealed good Return on Investment (ROI) in BSU #5
treated with 150g plantmate per pot which obtained the highest ROI of 114.35.

Conclusion
Based on the results, it is concluded that application of 150 grams of plantmate
organic fertilizer on anthurium plants had improved the flowering and yield compared to
that of the other rates of plantmate application. It is also concluded that BSU #5 plants
applied with 150g plantmate per pot obtained the highest return on investment with
114.35%. Cutflowers produced in this treatment were classified as medium grade with a
retail price of Php90.00 per dozen.




Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer | ARIEL C. MAGALGALIT. APRIL 2012

---

Recommendation
Based on the findings of the study, application of 150 grams of plantmate organic
fertilizer should be used in anthurium cutflower production. It is also recommended further
that the 3 varieties which are BSU #5, BSU #14 and BSU #16 should be grown to obtain
higher quality of anthurium cutflowers with bigger spathe that commands higher price in
the market that result to higher return on investment (ROI).


















Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer | ARIEL C. MAGALGALIT. APRIL 2012

---

LITERATURE CITED
BAUTISTA, O.K., H.V. VALMAYOR, P.C. TABORA, R.R.G. ESPINO and J.S.

SANGALANG. 1983. Introduction to Tropical Horticulture. University of the
Philippines Los Baños, Laguna Pp. 295-298.

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Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer | ARIEL C. MAGALGALIT. APRIL 2012

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