BIBLIOGRAPHY CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012. Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.)
Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA Concentrations. Benguet State University,
La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Franklin G. Bawang, Msc.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to determine the effect of IBA concentrations on the
rooting characteristics of blueberry shoot tip cuttings; and to evaluate the best
concentrations of IBA that will enhance uniform rooting and shoot growth of blueberry
shoot tip cuttings.
Results shows that blueberry shoot tip cuttings dipped in 500ppm IBA
concentration enhanced faster rooting, promoted the production of longer roots and shoots;
and promoted shorter duration to attain transplanting stage.
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Number of Days to Visible Root Formation
There were significant statistical differences observed on the number of days to
visible root formation of blueberry shoot tip cuttings as affected by the different IBA
concentrations as presented in Table 1. Blueberry shoot tip cuttings treated with 500ppm
IBA concentration initiated earlier roots with a mean of 35.00 days followed by cuttings
treated with 1000ppm with a mean of 42.75 days. Cuttings dipped in 250 ppm IBA and
untreated cuttings form the latest roots with a mean of 49.00 days from sticking.
Villanueva (2004) stated that the application of 100ppm ANAA concentration on
shoot tip cuttings of petunia also promoted earlier root formation; in comparison, both IBA
and ANAA can promote root formation in shoot tip cuttings.
Table 1. Numbers of days to visible root formation of the blueberry shoot tip cuttings
TREATMENT MEAN
IBA Concentration (ppm)
0 49.00a
500 ANAA (control) 44.00a
250 49.00a
500 35.00b
750 44.50a
1000 42.75a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
Average Number of Roots Per Cutting
Table 2 shows that there were no significant effects of the different IBA
concentrations used on the number of roots produced per cutting on blueberry. However,
numerical results showed that shoot tip cuttings treated with 750ppm IBA produced the
highest number of roots with a mean of 8.88 followed by cuttings treated with 500ppm
ANAA (control) and 500ppm IBA concentration with means of 7.88 and 7.75 roots, while
the untreated shoot tip cuttings of blueberry produced the lowest mean of 6.63 roots per
cutting.
Caweng (1999) found that marcotted pear stems with 200ppm ANAA
concentration had the highest number of roots developed. In comparison, IBA must have a
higher concentration to induce production of more roots per cutting, while the use of
ANAA requires lesser concentration.
Table 2. Average number of roots per cutting of blueberry after 90 days
TREATMENT MEAN
IBA Concentration (ppm)
0 6.63a
500 ANAA (control) 7.88a
250 7.25a
500 7.75a
750 8.88a
1000 7.00a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
Percentage Survival
The influence of the different IBA concentrations showed significant effects on the
percentage survival of blueberry shoot tip cuttings (Table 3).
Blueberry shoot tip cuttings treated with 1000ppm IBA concentration had the
highest percentage of survival with a mean of 86% followed by the cuttings dipped in
500ppm and 250ppm IBA concentrations that are both having the same means of 85.75%.
The lowest percentage survival was observed on the cuttings dipped in 500ppm ANAA
(control).
Otculan (2005) found the effect of different IBA concentrations in the percentage
survival of shoot tip cuttings of carnation C.v. Red Indio treated with 25,50,75 and 100ppm
IBA concentrations had the highest percentage survival. He found that IBA in high or low
concentrations can promote higher survival of cuttings compared to the untreated (control).
Table 3. Percentage survival of the blueberry shoot tip cuttings after 90 days
TREATMENT MEAN (%)
IBA Concentration (ppm)
0 74.75ab
500 ANAA (control) 60.50b
250 85.75a
500 85.75a
750 85.50a
1000 86.00a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
Percentage of Rooted Shoot Tip Cuttings
There were significant effects of the various IBA concentrations on the percentage
rooting of blueberry shoot tip cuttings as shown in table 4. Based on numerical data, it was
observed that the highest percentage of rooting was noted on blueberry cuttings dipped
750ppm IBA concentration. This had the highest percentage of 96.50%, followed by those
treated with 250 ppm, 1000ppm, 500ppm concentrations and the untreated cuttings with
means of 93%, 89% and 85.75% respectively. The lowest percentage of rooting was
observed on cuttings dipped in 500ppm ANAA (control) with a mean of 67.75%.
Bayeng (1999) stated that the application of 100ppm IBA concentration full
strength and one half strength ANAA promoted 100% rooting of spray type mums cuttings.
In comparison, it is more effective to combine the two rooting hormones to attain higher
percentage in rooting of cuttings.
Table 4. Percentage of the rooted blueberry shoot tip cuttings after 60 days
TREATMENT MEAN (%)
IBA Concentration (ppm)
0 85.75a
500 ANAA (control) 67.50b
250 93.00a
500 85.75a
750 96.50a
1000 86.00a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
Average Root Length
As presented in Table 5, there were no significant effects observed on the average
root length of blueberry shoot tip cuttings as influenced by the different IBA
concentrations. However, numerically findings show that shoot tip cuttings of blueberry
treated with 500ppm IBA concentration produced the longest average root length with a
mean of 4.21cm three months from sticking in the rooting media followed by those treated
with 1000ppm IBA concentration with a mean of 3.41 roots per cutting. The shortest roots
were observed in the untreated cuttings with a mean of 1.71cm.
The results agree with the earlier findings of Cachatar (1999) that the suckers of
anthurium “kansako” treated with 500ppm IBA concentration had the longest roots
produced. The application of 500ppm IBA concentration was also found to promote longer
average root length.
Table 5. Average root length of blueberry shoot tip cuttings after 90 days
TREATMENT MEAN (cm)
IBA Concentration (ppm)
0 1.71a
500 ANAA (control) 2.63a
250 2.35a
500 4.21a
750 3.03a
1000 3.41a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
Average Shoot Length
Table 6 shows highly significant effects of the different IBA concentrations on the
average shoot length on the blueberry shoot tip cuttings. Results show that shoot tip
cuttings of blueberry treated with 500ppm IBA concentration produced the tallest shoots
with a mean of 8.06 cm after three months from sticking in the rooting media, followed by
those treated with 750ppm and 1000ppm IBA concentrations with means of 8.01 cm. and
7.99 cm, while the shortest shoots were recorded in the untreated cuttings with a mean of
7.76 cm.
Similarly, Rufino (2009) also found in her study that using 500ppm ANAA
concentration could induce the production of longer shoots in blueberry shoot tip cuttings.
In comparison IBA and ANAA can be used to enhance longer shoots to by application of
the same concentrations.
Table 6. Average shoot length of blueberry shoot tip cuttings after 90 days
TREATMENT MEAN (cm)
IBA Concentration (ppm)
0 7.76b
500 ANAA (control) 7.81b
250 7.98a
500 8.06a
750 8.01a
1000 7.99a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
Number of Days the Rooted Shoot Tip
Cuttings are Ready for Transplanting
There were highly significant statistical differences observed on the number of
days the rooted shoot tip cuttings are ready for transplanting as affected by the IBA
concentrations is presented in Table 7. Result show that the blueberry shoot tip cuttings
treated with 500ppm IBA concentration were the earliest to attain transplanting stage with
a mean of 60.50 days followed by the cuttings treated with 750ppm IBA concentration with
a mean of 63.25 days. The untreated blueberry shoot tip cuttings took longer days before
they are ready for transplanting having a mean of 73.25 days.
Otculan (2005) mentioned that ten minutes soaking of cuttings at 50,75 or 100ppm
IBA concentrations promoted earlier readiness for transplanting in carnation c.v. Red Indio
shoot tip cuttings. In comparison flowers such as carnation requires lower concentrations
for earlier transplanting date while bush plants requires higher concentrations for earlier
transplanting date.
Table 7. Number of days the rooted shoot tip cuttings ready for transplanting
TREATMENT MEAN (cm)
IBA Concentration (ppm)
0 73.25a
500 ANAA (control) 71.50a
250 67.25b
500 60.50d
750 63.25c
1000 66.25b
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
(a.)
(b.)
Figure 1.Overview of the experimental area at (a) sticking of shoot tip cuttings; and (b)
before the termination, data collection and observation.
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
Figure 2. Preparation of the rooting media. Figure 3. The shoot tip cuttings are ready
for soaking in different IBA
concentrations.
Figure 4. Different IBA concentrations. Figure 5. Soaking the cuttings in IBA
solution for 30 minutes.
Figure 6. Sticking of cuttings in the rooting media
(sandy loam soil).
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
Figure 7. The cuttings with roots and shoots, 90 days
from sticking in the rooting media.
Figure 8. Shoot tip cuttings with longer shoots and new roots 60 days from sticking of
cuttings.
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
(a.) (b.)
(c.) (d.)
Figure 9. Sample of shoots produced by shoot tip cuttings after transplanting in black
PEP bags, (a) sample of treatment 4, soaked in 500 ppm IBA; (b) sample of
treatment 5, soaked in 750 ppm IBA; (c) sample of treatment 6, soaked in 1000
ppm IBA; and (d )sample of treatment 3, soaked in 200 ppm IBA .
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
(a.) (b.)
(c.) (d.)
Figure 10. The length and number of roots in rooted shoot tip cuttings 90 days from
sticking in the rooting media. (a) picture of replication 1 showing treatment 1-
6 and the roots that was produced; (b) picture of replication 2 showing
treatment 1-6 and the roots that was produced; (c) picture of replication 3
showing treatment 1-6 and the roots that was produced; and (d) picture of
replication 4 showing treatment 1-6 and the roots that was produced.
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
This study was conducted at the pomology project, Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet from January 2012 to March 2012 to determine the effect of the different
IBA concentrations on the rooting of blueberry shoot tip cuttings, and to observe the best
concentration of IBA that can promote root development and growth of shoots.
Treating blueberry shoot tip cuttings with IBA at a concentration of 500ppm IBA
concentration promoted earlier root formation, initiated longer shoots and roots and was
the earlier duration to transplanting stage. The blueberry shoot tip cutting that were dipped
in 750ppm IBA concentration had the highest percentage of rooted cuttings and average
number of roots per cutting. While in percentage survival, the cuttings dipped in 1000ppm
IBA concentration is best concentration obtained higher rates of survival.
Conclusions
Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that treating the basal ends of
shoot tip cuttings of blueberry with 500ppm IBA concentration at 2.5 cm level of solution
for 30 minutes promoted faster rooting, produced longer roots and shoots and earlier
duration to transplanting stage. Using 750 ppm IBA promoted the production of higher
number of longer roots in the cuttings. Blueberry shoot tip cuttings soaked in the
concentration of 1000 ppm IBA had the highest percentage survival.
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
Recommendations
Based on the findings, it is therefore recommended that the basal stem ends of
blueberry shoot tip cuttings should be dipped in 500 ppm IBA at 2.5 cm of solution for 30
minutes before sticking in the rooting media since it was observed to enhance faster
rooting, induce production of longer roots and shoots and earlier duration to transplanting
stage. Further study is also recommended on the rooting media compositions for shoot tip
cuttings of blueberry.
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
LITERATURE CITED
ADRIANCE, G. W. AND F. R. BRISON. 1955. Propagation of horticultural Plants.
New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. Pp. 119-131
ALI and A. FLETCHER. 1997. Hormonal Regulator of Dominance in Soybean. Ian. J.
Bot. 48: 1984-1989.
APNOYAN, P. S. 1981. Influence of different Sexual propagation Techniques on the
percentage Survival and root initiation of hard to root Chrysanthemum
morifolium.
AMLOS, B. B. 1988. Influence of alpha-naphtalene acetic acid and gibberelic acid on
root development and initial growth of tea stem cuttings. BS Thesis. BSU: La
Trinidad, Benguet.
ANDERSON, D. C. and F. B. ELLISON. 1969. Root initiation of Stem Tip Cuttings
of Asparagus Plants, Hort. Sci. Pp. 90-140.
BAYENG, B. O. 1999. Responds of shoot tip cuttings of spray type mums
(Chrysanthemum morifolium ramat) to different rooting techniques. Benguet
State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
BAUTISTA, O. K. 1996. Introduction to Tropical Horticulture. 2nd Ed. University of
the Philippines, Los Banos, College, Laguna. Pp. 197-198.
BLEASEDALE, J. K. 1973. Plant Physiology in relation to horticulture. London. The
Mcmillan Press, Ltd. Pp. 1.
CACHATAR, R. C. 1999. Rooting of anthurium “Kansako”. BS Thesis. Benguet State
University,La Trinidad, Benguet.
CAWENG, G. L. 1999. Rooting of marcotted pears as affected by different rooting
media and ANAA concentrations. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet.
HALFACRE, R. G. and J. A. BARDEN. 1976. Plant science horticulture. New York,
Mc Grew Hill. Pp. 371-373.
HARTMANN, H. T., D. P. KESTER, F. T. DAVIES and R. L. GENEVE. 2002. Plant
Propagation. Principles and Practices. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey
07458. Pp. 318-325.
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
HARTMANN, H. T. and D. P. KESTER. 1975. Plant Propagation. Principles and
Practices: New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Inc. Pp. 273-278.
INGLES, J. E. 1994. Ornamental Horticulture Science Operations and Management
Delmar Publishers, Inc. Pp. 49, 53-54.
JANICK, J. 1972. Horticulture Science. San Francisco W.H. Freeman and Co. Pp. 346-
351.
LEOPOLD, A. C and J. C. KRIEDMANN. 1975. Plant Growth and Development. New
York. Mc Grew Hill Book Com. P. 115.
OTCULAN, J. C. 2005. Effect of indolebutyric acid on the root initiation of three type
of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) cuttings. BS Thesis. Benguet State
University,La Trinidad, Benguet.
PATRICK, MALCOLM. 2007. Origins and History of Blueberries and
Historical information on Northern Highbush blueberry, Southern Rabbiteye
blueberry, Wild Lowbush blueberry, Northern Highbush blueberry and others.
Retrieved April 2, 2012 from http://matrixbookstore.biz/blueberries.htm
PLACIDO, A. S. 1982. Effect of indolebutyric acid on the roots initiation of three types
of Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) Cuttings. BS Thesis. Mountain State
Agricultural College. La Trinidad, Benguet.
RUFINO, N. B. 2009. Rooting of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) shoot tip cuttings as
affected by soaking duration and different ANAA concentrations. BS Thesis.
Benguet State University,La Trinidad, Benguet.
THE HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY HISTORY, improvement, the industry, growing,
processing, marketing. Copyright © 2002. Retrieved April 2, 2012 from
http://www.blueberry.org/blueberries.htm#History
VILLANUEVA, E. T. 2004. Response of five varieties of petunia (Petunia hybrid)
shoot tip cuttings to the different concentrations of ANAA. BS Thesis. Benguet
State University,La Trinidad, Benguet.
WEAVER, R. J. 1972. Plant Growth Substances in Agriculture. San Francisco: W. H.
Freeman and Com. Pp.120-127.
WILKINS, M. B. 1967. Plant Physiology of Plant Growth and Development. New Deli,
India: Mc Graw ill Publ. Co.Lt.
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012. Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.)
Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA Concentrations. Benguet State University,
La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Franklin G. Bawang, Msc.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to determine the effect of IBA concentrations on the
rooting characteristics of blueberry shoot tip cuttings; and to evaluate the best
concentrations of IBA that will enhance uniform rooting and shoot growth of blueberry
shoot tip cuttings.
Results shows that blueberry shoot tip cuttings dipped in 500ppm IBA
concentration enhanced faster rooting, promoted the production of longer roots and shoots;
and promoted shorter duration to attain transplanting stage.
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Number of Days to Visible Root Formation
There were significant statistical differences observed on the number of days to
visible root formation of blueberry shoot tip cuttings as affected by the different IBA
concentrations as presented in Table 1. Blueberry shoot tip cuttings treated with 500ppm
IBA concentration initiated earlier roots with a mean of 35.00 days followed by cuttings
treated with 1000ppm with a mean of 42.75 days. Cuttings dipped in 250 ppm IBA and
untreated cuttings form the latest roots with a mean of 49.00 days from sticking.
Villanueva (2004) stated that the application of 100ppm ANAA concentration on
shoot tip cuttings of petunia also promoted earlier root formation; in comparison, both IBA
and ANAA can promote root formation in shoot tip cuttings.
Table 1. Numbers of days to visible root formation of the blueberry shoot tip cuttings
TREATMENT MEAN
IBA Concentration (ppm)
0 49.00a
500 ANAA (control) 44.00a
250 49.00a
500 35.00b
750 44.50a
1000 42.75a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
Average Number of Roots Per Cutting
Table 2 shows that there were no significant effects of the different IBA
concentrations used on the number of roots produced per cutting on blueberry. However,
numerical results showed that shoot tip cuttings treated with 750ppm IBA produced the
highest number of roots with a mean of 8.88 followed by cuttings treated with 500ppm
ANAA (control) and 500ppm IBA concentration with means of 7.88 and 7.75 roots, while
the untreated shoot tip cuttings of blueberry produced the lowest mean of 6.63 roots per
cutting.
Caweng (1999) found that marcotted pear stems with 200ppm ANAA
concentration had the highest number of roots developed. In comparison, IBA must have a
higher concentration to induce production of more roots per cutting, while the use of
ANAA requires lesser concentration.
Table 2. Average number of roots per cutting of blueberry after 90 days
TREATMENT MEAN
IBA Concentration (ppm)
0 6.63a
500 ANAA (control) 7.88a
250 7.25a
500 7.75a
750 8.88a
1000 7.00a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
Percentage Survival
The influence of the different IBA concentrations showed significant effects on the
percentage survival of blueberry shoot tip cuttings (Table 3).
Blueberry shoot tip cuttings treated with 1000ppm IBA concentration had the
highest percentage of survival with a mean of 86% followed by the cuttings dipped in
500ppm and 250ppm IBA concentrations that are both having the same means of 85.75%.
The lowest percentage survival was observed on the cuttings dipped in 500ppm ANAA
(control).
Otculan (2005) found the effect of different IBA concentrations in the percentage
survival of shoot tip cuttings of carnation C.v. Red Indio treated with 25,50,75 and 100ppm
IBA concentrations had the highest percentage survival. He found that IBA in high or low
concentrations can promote higher survival of cuttings compared to the untreated (control).
Table 3. Percentage survival of the blueberry shoot tip cuttings after 90 days
TREATMENT MEAN (%)
IBA Concentration (ppm)
0 74.75ab
500 ANAA (control) 60.50b
250 85.75a
500 85.75a
750 85.50a
1000 86.00a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
Percentage of Rooted Shoot Tip Cuttings
There were significant effects of the various IBA concentrations on the percentage
rooting of blueberry shoot tip cuttings as shown in table 4. Based on numerical data, it was
observed that the highest percentage of rooting was noted on blueberry cuttings dipped
750ppm IBA concentration. This had the highest percentage of 96.50%, followed by those
treated with 250 ppm, 1000ppm, 500ppm concentrations and the untreated cuttings with
means of 93%, 89% and 85.75% respectively. The lowest percentage of rooting was
observed on cuttings dipped in 500ppm ANAA (control) with a mean of 67.75%.
Bayeng (1999) stated that the application of 100ppm IBA concentration full
strength and one half strength ANAA promoted 100% rooting of spray type mums cuttings.
In comparison, it is more effective to combine the two rooting hormones to attain higher
percentage in rooting of cuttings.
Table 4. Percentage of the rooted blueberry shoot tip cuttings after 60 days
TREATMENT MEAN (%)
IBA Concentration (ppm)
0 85.75a
500 ANAA (control) 67.50b
250 93.00a
500 85.75a
750 96.50a
1000 86.00a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
Average Root Length
As presented in Table 5, there were no significant effects observed on the average
root length of blueberry shoot tip cuttings as influenced by the different IBA
concentrations. However, numerically findings show that shoot tip cuttings of blueberry
treated with 500ppm IBA concentration produced the longest average root length with a
mean of 4.21cm three months from sticking in the rooting media followed by those treated
with 1000ppm IBA concentration with a mean of 3.41 roots per cutting. The shortest roots
were observed in the untreated cuttings with a mean of 1.71cm.
The results agree with the earlier findings of Cachatar (1999) that the suckers of
anthurium “kansako” treated with 500ppm IBA concentration had the longest roots
produced. The application of 500ppm IBA concentration was also found to promote longer
average root length.
Table 5. Average root length of blueberry shoot tip cuttings after 90 days
TREATMENT MEAN (cm)
IBA Concentration (ppm)
0 1.71a
500 ANAA (control) 2.63a
250 2.35a
500 4.21a
750 3.03a
1000 3.41a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
Average Shoot Length
Table 6 shows highly significant effects of the different IBA concentrations on the
average shoot length on the blueberry shoot tip cuttings. Results show that shoot tip
cuttings of blueberry treated with 500ppm IBA concentration produced the tallest shoots
with a mean of 8.06 cm after three months from sticking in the rooting media, followed by
those treated with 750ppm and 1000ppm IBA concentrations with means of 8.01 cm. and
7.99 cm, while the shortest shoots were recorded in the untreated cuttings with a mean of
7.76 cm.
Similarly, Rufino (2009) also found in her study that using 500ppm ANAA
concentration could induce the production of longer shoots in blueberry shoot tip cuttings.
In comparison IBA and ANAA can be used to enhance longer shoots to by application of
the same concentrations.
Table 6. Average shoot length of blueberry shoot tip cuttings after 90 days
TREATMENT MEAN (cm)
IBA Concentration (ppm)
0 7.76b
500 ANAA (control) 7.81b
250 7.98a
500 8.06a
750 8.01a
1000 7.99a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
Number of Days the Rooted Shoot Tip
Cuttings are Ready for Transplanting
There were highly significant statistical differences observed on the number of
days the rooted shoot tip cuttings are ready for transplanting as affected by the IBA
concentrations is presented in Table 7. Result show that the blueberry shoot tip cuttings
treated with 500ppm IBA concentration were the earliest to attain transplanting stage with
a mean of 60.50 days followed by the cuttings treated with 750ppm IBA concentration with
a mean of 63.25 days. The untreated blueberry shoot tip cuttings took longer days before
they are ready for transplanting having a mean of 73.25 days.
Otculan (2005) mentioned that ten minutes soaking of cuttings at 50,75 or 100ppm
IBA concentrations promoted earlier readiness for transplanting in carnation c.v. Red Indio
shoot tip cuttings. In comparison flowers such as carnation requires lower concentrations
for earlier transplanting date while bush plants requires higher concentrations for earlier
transplanting date.
Table 7. Number of days the rooted shoot tip cuttings ready for transplanting
TREATMENT MEAN (cm)
IBA Concentration (ppm)
0 73.25a
500 ANAA (control) 71.50a
250 67.25b
500 60.50d
750 63.25c
1000 66.25b
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
(a.)
(b.)
Figure 1.Overview of the experimental area at (a) sticking of shoot tip cuttings; and (b)
before the termination, data collection and observation.
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
Figure 2. Preparation of the rooting media. Figure 3. The shoot tip cuttings are ready
for soaking in different IBA
concentrations.
Figure 4. Different IBA concentrations. Figure 5. Soaking the cuttings in IBA
solution for 30 minutes.
Figure 6. Sticking of cuttings in the rooting media
(sandy loam soil).
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
Figure 7. The cuttings with roots and shoots, 90 days
from sticking in the rooting media.
Figure 8. Shoot tip cuttings with longer shoots and new roots 60 days from sticking of
cuttings.
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
(a.) (b.)
(c.) (d.)
Figure 9. Sample of shoots produced by shoot tip cuttings after transplanting in black
PEP bags, (a) sample of treatment 4, soaked in 500 ppm IBA; (b) sample of
treatment 5, soaked in 750 ppm IBA; (c) sample of treatment 6, soaked in 1000
ppm IBA; and (d )sample of treatment 3, soaked in 200 ppm IBA .
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
(a.) (b.)
(c.) (d.)
Figure 10. The length and number of roots in rooted shoot tip cuttings 90 days from
sticking in the rooting media. (a) picture of replication 1 showing treatment 1-
6 and the roots that was produced; (b) picture of replication 2 showing
treatment 1-6 and the roots that was produced; (c) picture of replication 3
showing treatment 1-6 and the roots that was produced; and (d) picture of
replication 4 showing treatment 1-6 and the roots that was produced.
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
This study was conducted at the pomology project, Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet from January 2012 to March 2012 to determine the effect of the different
IBA concentrations on the rooting of blueberry shoot tip cuttings, and to observe the best
concentration of IBA that can promote root development and growth of shoots.
Treating blueberry shoot tip cuttings with IBA at a concentration of 500ppm IBA
concentration promoted earlier root formation, initiated longer shoots and roots and was
the earlier duration to transplanting stage. The blueberry shoot tip cutting that were dipped
in 750ppm IBA concentration had the highest percentage of rooted cuttings and average
number of roots per cutting. While in percentage survival, the cuttings dipped in 1000ppm
IBA concentration is best concentration obtained higher rates of survival.
Conclusions
Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that treating the basal ends of
shoot tip cuttings of blueberry with 500ppm IBA concentration at 2.5 cm level of solution
for 30 minutes promoted faster rooting, produced longer roots and shoots and earlier
duration to transplanting stage. Using 750 ppm IBA promoted the production of higher
number of longer roots in the cuttings. Blueberry shoot tip cuttings soaked in the
concentration of 1000 ppm IBA had the highest percentage survival.
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
Recommendations
Based on the findings, it is therefore recommended that the basal stem ends of
blueberry shoot tip cuttings should be dipped in 500 ppm IBA at 2.5 cm of solution for 30
minutes before sticking in the rooting media since it was observed to enhance faster
rooting, induce production of longer roots and shoots and earlier duration to transplanting
stage. Further study is also recommended on the rooting media compositions for shoot tip
cuttings of blueberry.
Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012
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Rooting of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Shoot Tip Cuttings as Affected by Different IBA
Concentrations | CABANSI, ALEXI BRIAN B. MAY 2012