BIBLIOGRAPHY VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL....
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011. Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from
Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic Fertilizer. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad,Benguet.
Adviser: Percival B. Alipit, PhD.
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to determine the effect of Induyan compost on the performance
of potato during the cool dry season from December 2010 to February 2011.
Results revealed that the application of Induyan compost could improve the haulm weight
and tuber yield of potato. Although not significant, the highest marketable yield at 13.04 t/ha was
obtained with the application of Induyan compost at 5 kg/5 m2 plot and from which the highest
return on investment of 263.31% was derived.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography.............................................................................................................
i
Abstract....................................................................................................................
i
Table of Contents.....................................................................................................
ii
INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE.................................................................................
3
MATERIALS AND METHODS............................................................................
7
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Final Height, Haulm Weight,
and Days to Maturity.....................................................................................
10
Weight of Classified Tubers..........................................................................
11
Number of Classified Tubers.........................................................................
12
Tuber Yield....................................................................................................
12
Soil Analysis..................................................................................................
15
Temperature Data..........................................................................................
15
Cost and Return Analysis...............................................................................
15
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION...............................
17
LITERATURE CITED...........................................................................................
18
APPENDICES........................................................................................................
35
1
INTRODUCTION
The potato (Solanum tuberosum Linn.) is the most common vegetable grown in
the highlands and mid-elevation areas of Benguet and Mountain province in Northern
Luzon. The potato is one preferred because of satisfying return on investment when
cultural management is properly employed. However, it is becoming more difficult to
expand the production in the region because of the limited availability of suitable land.
As production shift to marginal areas, as forest cover is removed greater amounts of land
are becoming subject to erosion. Because of land limitations few potato growers doing
the recommended crop rotation, relying instead of greater quantities of purchased inputs
(fertilizer and pesticides) to continuous production and to control the increasing incidence
of pests (Gayao and Sim, undated).
The growth and yield of potato depends on many factors such as planting
materials, planting density, proper fertilization and others. The use of stem cuttings as
planting materials is very promising for low cost potato production. It also enables the
rapid and timely increase of new cultivars and prevents possible occurrence of tuber-
borne diseases. It reduces production input by a decrease cost of planting material per
unit area and by a decrease of fungicide application. The potato requires heavy kind of
fertilizers and this is one of the production factors to be considered in successful farming.
Proper kind of fertilizer plays an important role in making a good environment for potato
production and other crops (Dalang et al., 1998).
The use of organic fertilizer and organic based fungicides/insecticides result to
good growth, yield, safe and tasty vegetables. Organic fertilizer makes soil in good
condition and rich in nutrient elements. Fields with enrich soil let vegetables grow fast,
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
2
healthy and strong. Growth continuous until the time of harvest because the soil
continuous to provide nutrients. Plants have fewer pest and diseases and vegetables can
be harvested in shorter days. Products are larger and look better and they contain
vitamins and minerals in larger percentage. The use of organic- based materials will let us
save at least half of chemicals and fertilizers compared with traditional farming practices
(Yokomori, 2007).
The study aimed to determine the effect of Induyan compost on the growth and
yield performance of potato, the optimum level of application of Induyan compost for
potato, and the economics of using Induyan compost in potato production.
The study was conducted at horticulture laboratory area, BSU, La Trinidad,
Benguet from December 2010 to February 2011.
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Organic-Based Vegetable Production
Soil enrichment. The basic factor of farming lies in soil enrichment. Healthy soil
rich in organic materials makes healthy crops. Fertilizers do not produce crops. Soil
richness lets vegetable grow. Farmers not aware of this fact try to grow vegetables by
inorganic fertilizers and farm chemicals only. Then, the soil loses its health and the crops
become sick. Many vegetables fields here in Benguet are in serious condition. Soil is hard
and plant roots do not penetrates deep into it. It contains air and moisture little. Soil
microorganism is inactivating. It is deficient in major (NPK) and micronutrients. Plants
suffer from soil-born pest and disease such as club roots. What causes this problem?
Farmers grow same type of vegetable repeatedly, depleting major (i.e. NPK) and
micronutrients. Lack of organic materials in the soil eliminates small bugs, earthworm,
fungus and bacteria, which eat and propagate on these materials. Absence of this creature
let the soil be compact and poor in air and moisture. Vegetables planted on this field
grow poorly and unevenly. Products are small and look poor. Their mineral and vitamin
contents are lower than normal. They are susceptible to pest and diseases, need frequent
spraying, causing chemical residues to be higher in the products (Yokomori, 2007).
Compost production and uses. Farmers need to return the basic of farming. The
soil has to recover its activity. We have to start from composting the fields. How do we
produce compost? Make full use of locally available materials. We can find many
different materials such as weeds in wasteland and roadside, fallen leaves, rice straws,
vegetable clippings, animal manure, etc. Gather them band cut them into right sizes. Find
right mix of these materials rich in Carbon and nitrogen. Adjust their moisture pile them
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
4
up. When temperature goes beyond 60-70 degrees Celsius, disband the heap to cool it and
pile it again. It may not be possible for you to use that much of compost at a time. You
may instead, spread 20 sacs per 1,000 square meters 2-3 times a year. It is important for
as to repeat it every year .The first year production may not indicate any recognizable
changes. The effects become gradually clearer when we repeat it 2-5 years. Please do not
stop here! When you continue it every year and you will find your soil will be as active as
ever. You will continue producing healthy and tasty vegetables. Vegetable production on
enrich soil has another advantage. Weather is unstable these days because of global
warming. Heavy rain washes the fields in the midst of dry season and temperature change
abruptly from very high to very low. This prevents vegetables to grow normally.
However, vegetables planted on enrich soil grow healthy band strong and they neither get
damage much by weather nor suffer from pest and diseases. Since other farms get lower
production and the market is short of supply, you will enjoy good production with higher
prices (Yokomori, 2007).
Production of charcoal and Mokusaku (wood-vinegar). When charcoal and
mokusaku is mixed with compost materials, we can produce better quality compost in
shorter time. Charcoal is porous and contains air and moisture, which offers favourable
living conditions to useful microorganism. Its effectiveness is valid both in compost and
soil conditioning. Mokusaku (wood vinegar) helps fermentation of compost materials. It
eliminates noxious microorganisms and enhances useful ones to propagate. Organic
materials contained in Mokusaku become nutrients to plants and microorganism. It is also
effective when it is fertigated to soil around the plants. How do we produce charcoal and
mokusaku? Any material of plant origin which is burnable can be used. Example: woods,
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
5
bamboos, coconut shells, rice husk, dried weeds ECT. Carbonate it and you get charcoal.
Coal smoke (gas) emitted by heated materials and you get Mokusaku (Yokomori, 2007).
Healthy vegetables. Cultivating vegetables resembles bringing child up: Grow
them strong and healthy. Vegetables on rich soil grow strong. A child grow fast and
strong when its mother is healthy and gives enough from her breast. Strong seedlings
come first. Put seeds on pathogen-free soil. Good seedlings soil makes helps germination
in growth to great extent. When seeds germinate, irrigate everyday .Do not mis -planting
time: Plants then on the field before the seedlings gate too aged. Early stage growth is
very important. Let plants grow fast and big. They grow good when soil is in good
condition and rich in nutrition. Poorer nutrition and slower growth causes the plants to be
attack by pest and diseases more badly .If you find the soil is short of nutrition, please do
not hesitate to give chemical fertilizer. If young plants get attack by insects and diseases,
spray chemicals and mokusaku immediately. Early spraying prevents massive outbreaks
in later stage. It makes near harvest spraying unnecessary. And the end, total amount of
chemical used is reduced and its residues in the harvested vegetables are eliminated
(Yokomori, 2007).
Can vegetable grow without chemicals? Vegetables may grow without chemicals
fungicides /insecticides and without inorganic fertilizer. However, the products look poor
and have insect bites, unless the grower has quiet high level of technology and grow them
under intensive care. While they are free from chemical residues, some data indicate
lower vitamin and mineral contents of the organic vegetables. Do consumers buy them?
Perhaps yes. But its quantity is small and represents only a small fraction of the whole
consumption. It is not easy for the producers. It takes a large amount of manpower. Yield
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
6
is low. Hence a sale does not cover the costs unless a high price is charged. Even so,
marketable quantities are limited. Can income from organic vegetables pay the living
expenses for the family? It may be quite difficult (Yokomori, 2007).
Fertilizer Application in Potato Production
The procedure for fertilizer application is to apply chicken manures (1 can/12 m2)
and complete fertilizer (½ of the recommended rate) and thoroughly mixed with the soil
prior to planting. Side dressing of the remaining ½ of the recommended rate of complete
fertilizer between the rows one month after planting (Gayao et al., 1998).
Cultural Management Practices
Cultural management of white potato transplant is similar to those grown from
seed tubers. However, an application of foliar fertilizer (high in nitrogen) one week after
transplanting is necessary to encourage more vegetative production and to prevent early
tuber formation. It is also important to hill-up twice to cover nodes and minimize
greening of tubers. Hilling- up is done 30 days after planting (DAP) with side dressing of
140-140-140 kg N- P 2 O 5 – K 2 O/ha at 45 DAP (Dalang et al., 1998).
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
7
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials
The materials used were potato stem cuttings of ‘Granola’, Induyan compost,
chicken manure, triple 14, fungicides, insecticides, and farm tools.
Induyan compost it is an organic fertilizer that helps to increase beneficial
microorganisms in the soil, thus improving soil condition making plants vigorous and
resistant to diseases. It contains 1.67 % nitrogen, 2.67% phosphorous, 3.30% potassium,
8.1 pH, 52.5% micro nutrients, and 16.87% organic matter content.
Method
Experimental design and treatments. The experiment was laid out in randomized
complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were as follows:
Code
Fertilizer
F1
Chicken manure- 2 t/ha or 1 kg/5 m2+ 14-14-14- 571 kg/ha
or 0.285 kg/ 5m2
F2
Induyan compost- 5.0 t/ha or 2.5 kg/5 m2
F3
Induyan compost- 10 t/ha or 5.0 kg/5 m2
F4
Induyan compost- 15 t/ha or 7.5 kg/5 m2
Land preparation, planting, and crop maintenance. An area of 60 square meters
was prepared. The area was divided into four blocks and each block was composed of
four plots with a dimension of 1 m x 5 m each. Cuttings were transplanted at 25 cm x 30
cm between hills and rows in a double row plot (1m wide). Prior to planting, Induyan
compost and chicken dung were applied and mixed thoroughly with the soil. Inorganic
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
8
fertilizer 14-14-14 was applied to treatments plots three weeks after transplanting
followed by hilling-up. All other cultural management practices like irrigation, weeding,
insect and disease control were employed properly.
Data Gathered
1. Final height (cm). This was measured from the base to the tip of the shoot at
maturity.
2. Haulm weight (kg). This was the weight of the vegetative parts taken at
harvest time.
3. Days to maturity. This was the number of days from planting to harvesting
when the leaves turned yellowish.
4. Weight of marketable tubers according to sizes (kg/5 m2 plot).
a. Extra large tubers: 99-105 grams
b. Large tubers: 85-98 grams
c. Big tubers: 78-84 grams
d. Medium tubers: 51-77 grams
e. Small tubers: 50 grams and below
5. Number of tubers according to sizes per plot. This was the number of tubers
according to sizes.
6. Marketable yield (kg/5 m2 plot). This was the total weight of tubers without
defects and are saleable.
7. Non-marketable yield (kg/5 m2 plot). This was the total weight of very small
tubers, diseased or with defects.
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
9
8. Total yield (kg/5 m2 plot). This was the weight of marketable and non-
marketable tubers.
9. Computed marketable yield (t/ha). The marketable yield per plot was
multiplied by 2000 which is the number of 1x5m plots per hectare and divided by 1000
which is the number of kilogram per ton.
10. Soil analysis. The N, P, K and organic matter content was taken during land
preparation prior to the application of fertilizer.
11. Temperature data . This was taken from the PAG-ASA station near the site of
the study.
12. Cost and return analysis. Return on investment was computed using the
formula:
Percentage ROI = Net Income x 100
Total Expenses
13. Documentation. This was the pictures taken during the study.
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
10
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Final Height, Haulm Weight, and Days to Maturity
In Table 1 and Figure 1, results shows that plant height was not significantly
affected by the fertilizer treatments while haulm weight was significantly higher in plants
applied with Induyan compost at 7.5 and 5 kg per 1 x 5 m2 plot. Plants applied with
chicken manure + 14-14-14 significantly matured the earliest after 68 days from planting.
Weight of Classified Tubers
Table 2 shows that the weight of tubers classified according to size were not
significantly different as affected by the different fertilizer treatments. Nevertheless, the
highest weight of small and extra large tubers were obtained with the application of
Induyan compost at 7.5 kg/5 m2 plot, medium and big sized tubers with the application of
5 kg/5 m2 plot Induyan compost, and large tubers with the application of chicken manure
+ 14 -14-14.
Table 1. Final height, haulm weight, and days to maturity
FERTILIZER
DAYS TO
TREATMENT
FINAL HEIGHT HAULM WEIGHT
MATURITY
(per 5 m2 plot)
(cm)
(kg)
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
55.00a
2.50bc
68.33b
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
54.57a
2.33c
70.07a
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
58.00a
3.33ab
70.33a
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
59.33a
3.67a
70.67a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
11
Four weeks after transplanting
Six weeks after transplanting
Figure 1. Vegetative stage of the treatment plants
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
12
Table 2. Weight of classified tubers
FERTILIZER
CLASSIFICATION
TREATMENT
SMALL MEDIUM
BIG
LARGE
EXTRA
(per 5 m2 plot)
LARGE
Chicken manure-1 kg +
0.73a
1.44a
1.30a
1.19a
0.90a
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
0.74a
1.19a
1.31a
0.78a
0.74a
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
1.02a
1.68a
1.63a
1.05a
1.14a
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
1.06a
1.39a
1.21a
1.04a
1.16a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Number of Classified Tubers
Table 3 shows that the number of tubers classified according to size were not
significantly different in the different treatments except the number of small tubers which
was significantly higher with the application of 5.0 kg/5 m2 plot Induyan compost.
Nevertheless, the highest number of medium and big size tubers were obtained with the
application of 5 kg/5 m2 plot Induyan compost, large tubers with the application of
chicken manure + 14-14-14, and extra large tubers with the application of 5 kg/5 m2 plot
Induyan compost.
Tuber Yield
Tuber yield was not significantly affected by the different fertilizer treatments
(Table 4 and Figure 2). However, greater yield of non-marketable tubers was obtained
from plants applied with chicken manure + 14-14-14, while the highest marketable yield,
total yield, and computed marketable yield of 13.04 t/ha were obtained with the
application of Induyan compost at 5 kg/5 m2 plot.
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
13
Potato tubers harvested from plants
Potato tubers harvested from plants applied
applied with chicken manure- 1 kg
with Induyan compost at 2.5 kg/5 m2 plot
+ 14-14-14- 0.285 kg/5 m2 plot
Potato tubers harvested from plants applied Potato tubers harvested from plants applied
with Induyan compost at 5.0 kg/5 m2 plot with Induyan compost at 7.5 kg/5 m2 plot
Figure 2. Samples of marketable tuber yield from the different fertilizer treatments
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
14
Table 3. Number of classified tubers
FERTILIZER
CLASSIFICATION
TREATMENT
SMALL MEDIUM
BIG
LARGE
EXTRA
(per 5 m2 plot)
LARGE
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
34.33bc
36.00a
20.33a
13.57a
6.67a
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
32.00c
28.00a
19.67a
8.00a
5.57a
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
46.00a
44.33a
26.33a
12.33a
9.67a
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
39.67b
33.33a
20.67a
12.00a
9.00a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Table 4. Tuber yield
FERTILIZER
YIELD (kg/5 m2 plot)
COMPUTED
TREATMENT
NON-
MARKETABLE TOTAL MARKETABLE
(per 5 m2 plot)
MARKETABLE
YIELD (t/ha)
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
0.35a
5.56a
5.91a
11.13a
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
0.28a
4.57a
5.04a
9.53a
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
0.27a
6.52a
6.78a
13.04a
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
0.20a
5.87a
6.08a
11.75a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
15
Soil Analysis
The soil in the experiment field prior to the application of fertilizer contained low
amount at 0.025% N, 52 ppm P, 328 ppm K, 0.5% organic matter content, and high pH at
7.32.
Temperature Data
The temperature recorded during the cropping period is shown in Table 6. The
highest temperature was recorded in December with a mean of 17.5oc and decreased to
15.6oc and 14.75oc in January and February, respectively. These temperatures are within
the suitable ranges for potato production.
Cost and Return Analysis
Table 6 shows that the highest return on investment (ROI) at 263.31% was
obtained with the application of Induyan compost at 5 kg/5 m2 plot while the lowest ROI
was obtained with the application of 7.5 kg/5 m2 plot Induyan compost at 190.36%.
Table 5. Temperature data
MONTH
TEMPERATURE (oc)
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
AVERAGE
December 2010
24
11.0
17.50
January 2011
20
11.2
15.60
February 2011
20
9.50
14.75
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
16
Table 6. Cost and return analysis
RETURN ON
FERTILIZER TREATMENT (per 5 m2 plot)
INVESTMENT
Chicken manure- 1 kg Induyan
Induyan
Induyan
(Per 5 m2 plot)
+ 14-14-14- 0.285 kg Compost
Compost
Compost
2.5 kg
5.0 kg
7.5 kg
Marketable yield (kg)
16.69
14.29
19.56
17.62
A. Sales (Php)
418.5.00
351.2.00
483.2.00
438.45.00
B. Expenses
Potato stem cuttings
60
60
60
60
Fertilizer
1. Chicken manure
8.00
-
-
-
2. 14-14-14
18.81
-
-
-
3. Induyan compost
-
18.00
36.00
54.00
Insecticide
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
Fungicide
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
Labor
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
Transportation
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
Total expenses
123.81.00
115.00
133.00
151.00
C. Net profit (PhP)
294.69.00
236.2.00
350.2.00
287.45.00
D. ROI (%)
238.12%
205.39%
263.31%
190.36%
Rank
2
3
1
4
The selling prices (PhP) were: small=15.00, medium =20.00, big=25.00, large=30.00
and extra large =35.00.
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
17
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted at horticulture laboratory area of the Benguet State
University La Trinidad, Benguet from December 2010 to February 2011 to determine the
effect of Induyan compost on the growth and yield performance of potato, the optimum
level of application of Induyan compost for potato, and the economics of using Induyan
compost in potato production.
Findings show that significantly heavier haulm was obtained from plants applied
with Induyan compost at 7.5 or 5 kg/5 m2 plot. Height of plants did not differ
significantly but significantly earlier maturity was noted in plants applied with chicken
manure +14-14-14. Tuber yield was not significantly affected as to size and weight but
the highest marketable yield at 13.04 t/ha was obtained with the application of Induyan
compost at 5 kg/5 m2 plot with the highest return on investment of 263.31%.
Conclusion
Based on the results, application of Induyan compost at 5 kg/5 m2 plot could
improve the vegetative growth and yield of potato and increase the income.
Recommendation
The use of Induyan compost at 5 kg/5 m2 plot could be recommended in potato
production to have better yield and higher profit.
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
18
LITERATURE CITED
DALANG, P., N. PUNTAWE, B. GAYAO, C. KISWA, G. TABDI, D. MELDOZ, J.
FERMIN, J. PEREZ. 1998. The use of stem cuttings. In: NPRRTC Pamphlet 3.
BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 1-13.
GAYAO, B. and J. SIM. Undated. On farm evaluation of potato production in the
highlands. In: NPRRTC Pamphlet. BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 1.
GAYAO, B., A. BOTANGEN, J. DATI, J. SIM, J. TABDI, and D. MELDOZ. 1998.
Potato Production Guide. In: NPRRTC Pamphlet 4. BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Pp. 1-24.
YOKOMORI MASAKI. 2007. Pilot project for better income by organic-based
vegetables production. In: JAEC Organic-based Vegetables Project in Benguet
Province, Philippines. Pp. 1-13.
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
19
APPENDICES
Appendix Table 1. Final height (cm)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
45
61
59
165
55.00
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
51
55
58
164
54.67
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
62
63
49
174
58.00
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
68
57
53
178
59.33
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Replication
2
36.5
18.25
0.24510 ns
4.757063 9.779538
Treatment
3
46.91667
15.63889
Error
6
382.8333
63.80556
TOTAL
11
466.25
ns- Not significant
Coe fficient of vari ation =
14.08%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
20
Appendix Table 2. Haulm weight (kg)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
3
2.5
2.0
7.5
2.500000
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
2
2.5
2.5
7.0
2.333333
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
4
3.0
3.0
10
3.333333
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
4
4.0
3.0
11
3.666667
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Replication
2
0.791667
0.395833
6.172414*
4.757063 9.779538
Treatment
3
3.729167
1.243056
Error
6
1.208333
0.201389
TOTAL
11
5.729167
*- significant
Coef ficient of vari ation = 15.17%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
21
Appendix Table 3. Days to maturity
FERTILIZER
TREATMENT
REPLICATION
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
68
68
69
205
68.3333
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
70
70
70
210
70.0000
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
71
70
70
211
70.3333
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
70
71
71
212
70.6667
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Replication
2
0.16667
0.08333
10.5455 **
4.75706 9.77954
Treatment
3
9.66667
3.22222
Error
6
1.83333
0.30556
**- Highly significant
Coe fficient of va riation =
0.79%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
22
Appendix Table 4. Weight of small tubers (kg/5 m2 plot)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
0.80
0.80
0.60
2.20
0.73333
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
0.81
0.85
0.56
2.22
0.74000
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
1.30
0.94
0.83
3.07
1.02333
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
1.50
0.95
0.73
3.18
1.06000
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Replication
2
0.35712
0.17856
3.64155ns 4.75706 9.77954
Treatment
3
0.28116
0.09372
Error
6
0.15442
0.02574
TOTAL
11
0.79269
ns- not significant
Coefficient of variation = 18.04%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
23
Appendix Table 5. Weight of medium tubers (kg/5 m2 plot)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken ma nure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
1.75
1.52
1.05
4.32
1.44000
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
1.22
1.05
1.29
3.56
1.18667
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
1.45
2.20
1.38
5.03
1.67667
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
0.91
1.72
1.55
4.18
1.39333
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Replication
2
0.23647
0.11823
0.8808ns
4.75706 9.77954
Treatment
3
0.36409
0.12136
Error
6
0.82673
0.13779
TOTAL
11
1.42729
ns- Not significant
Coeffi cient of varia tion =
26.06%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
24
Appendix Table 6. Weight of Big Tubers (kg/5 m2 plot)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
0.75
1.35
1.80
3.90
1.300000
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
0.85
1.45
1.64
3.94
1.313333
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
2.62
1.45
0.81
4.88
1.626667
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
1.45
1.38
0.80
3.63
1.210000
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
Replication
2
0.060200
0.030100
0.214892ns 4.757063 9.779538
Treatment
3
0.298092
0.099364
Error
6
2.774333
0.462389
TOTAL
11
3.132625
ns- Not significant
Coef ficient of varia tion = 49.91
%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
25
Appendix Table 7. Weight of large tubers (kg/5 m2 plot)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
1.20
1.16
1.21
3.57
1.190000
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
0.40
0.48
1.47
2.35
0.783333
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
1.41
1.10
0.64
3.15
1.050000
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
0.85
1.03
1.25
3.13
1.043333
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Replication
2
0.096017
0.048008
0.519781ns 4.757063 9.779538
Treatment
3
0.258933
0.086311
Error
6
0.996317
0.166053
TOTAL
11
1.351267
ns- Not significant
Coe fficient of var iation = 40.08%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
26
Appendix Table 8. Weight of extra large tubers (kg/5 m2 plot)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
1.35
1.00
0.35
2.70
0.900000
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
0.61
0.80
0.81
2.22
0.740000
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
1.83
0.85
0.75
3.43
1.143333
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
2.35
0.40
0.75
3.50
1.166667
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Replication
2
1.81755
0.908775
0.47081ns
4.757063 9.779538
Treatment
3
0.375892
0.125297
Error
6
1.596783
0.266131
TOTAL
11
3.790225
ns- Not significant
Coe fficient of var iation = 52.24%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
27
Appendix Table 9. Number of small tubers (per 5 m2 plot)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
38
39
26
103
34.33333
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
38
32
26
96
32.00000
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
54
48
36
138
46.00000
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
46
45
28
119
39.66667
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Repli
cation
2
504
252
15.38235**
4.757063
9.779538
Treatment
3
348.6667
116.2222
Error
6
45.33333
7.555556
TOTAL
11
898
**- highly significant
Coef ficient of vari ation = 7.23 %
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
28
Appendix Table 10. Number medium tubers (per 5 m2 plot)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken ma nure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
43
38
27
108
36.00000
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
28
23
33
84
28.00000
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
43
61
32
136
45.33333
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
24
41
35
100
33.33333
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Repli
cation
2
170.1667
85.08333
1.601353ns
4.757063
9.779538
Treatment
3
473.3333
157.7778
Error
6
591.1667
98.52778
TOTAL
11
1234.667
ns- Not significant
Coef ficient of vari ation = 27.83%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
29
Appendix Table 11. Number of big tubers (per 5 m2 plot)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
11
22
28
61
20.33333
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
11
22
26
59
19.66667
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
42
23
14
79
26.33333
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
24
26
12
62
20.66667
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Replication
2
21.5
10.75
0.221958ns 4.757063 9.779538
Treatment
3
85.58333
28.52778
Error
6
771.1667
128.5278
TOTAL
11
878.25
ns- Not significant
Coeffi cient of variat ion = 52.12%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
30
Appendix Table 12. Number of large tubers (per 5 m2 plot)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
15
13
13
41
13.66667
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
4
5
15
24
8.000000
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
17
13
7
37
12.33333
Induyan Compos- 7.5 kg
11
11
14
36
12.00000
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Replic ation
2
6.5
3.25
0.846255ns
4.757063
9.779538
Treatment
3
53.66667
17.88889
Error
6
126.8333
21.13889
TOTAL
11
187
ns- Not significant
Coeffi cient of variat ion = 39.98%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
31
Appendix Table 13. Number of extra large tubers (per 5 m2 plot)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
11
7
2
20
6.666667
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
5
6
6
17
5.666667
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
17
7
5
29
9.666667
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
18
3
6
27
9.000000
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Replic ation
2
152
76
0.658163ns
4.757063
9.779538
Treatment
3
32.25
10.75
Error
6
98
16.33333
TOTAL
11
282.25
ns- Not significant
Coef ficient of varia tion = 52.15%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
32
Appendix Table 14. Marketable yield (kg/5 m2 plot)
FERTILIZER
TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
5.85
5.83
5.01
16.69
5.563333
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
3.90
4.63
5.77
14.30
4.766667
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
8.61
6.54
4.41
19.56
6.520000
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
7.06
5.48
5.08
17.62
5.873333
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Repli
cation
2
3.337517
1.668758
0.963002ns
4.757063
9.779538
Treatment
3
4.772292
1.590764
Error
6
9.911283
1.651881
TOTAL
11
18.02109
ns- Not significant
Coeff icient of varia tion = 22.62%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
33
Appendix Table 15. Non-marketable yield (kg/5 m2 plot)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken ma nure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
0.15
0.35
0.55
1.05
0.35
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg 0.32
0.25
0.26
0.83
0.276667
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg 0.33
0.23
0.25
0.81
0.27
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg 0.21
0.22
0.2
0.63
0.21
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Replication
2
0.009017
0.004508
0.743252ns 4.757063 9.779538
Treatment
3
0.0296
0.009867
Error
6
0.07965
0.013275
TOTAL
11
0.118267
ns- Not significant
Coeffi cient of variat ion = 41.64%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
34
Appendix Table 16. Total yield (kg/5 m2 plot)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
6.00
6.18
5.56
17.74
5.913333
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
4.22
4.88
6.03
15.13
5.043333
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
8.94
6.74
4.66
20.34
6.78.000
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
7.27
5.70
5.28
18.25
6.083333
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Replication
2
3.03965
1.519825
0.899632ns 4.757063 9.779538
Treatment
3
4.5899
1.529967
Error
6
10.20395
1.700658
TOTAL
11
17.8335
ns- Not significant
Coeffici ent of variation
= 21.90%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
35
Appendix Table 17. Computed marketable yield (t/ha)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
11.70
11.66
10.02
33.38
11.12667
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg 7.800
9.26
11.54
28.6
9.533333
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg 17.22
13.08
8.82
39.12
13.04000
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg 14.12
10.96
10.16
35.24
11.74667
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Replication
2
13.35007
6.675033
0.963002ns 4.757063 9.779538
Treatment
3
19.08917
6.363056
Error
6
39.64513
6.607522
TOTAL
11
72.08437
ns- Not significant
Coeffi cient of variat ion = 22.62%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011. Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from
Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic Fertilizer. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad,Benguet.
Adviser: Percival B. Alipit, PhD.
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to determine the effect of Induyan compost on the performance
of potato during the cool dry season from December 2010 to February 2011.
Results revealed that the application of Induyan compost could improve the haulm weight
and tuber yield of potato. Although not significant, the highest marketable yield at 13.04 t/ha was
obtained with the application of Induyan compost at 5 kg/5 m2 plot and from which the highest
return on investment of 263.31% was derived.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography.............................................................................................................
i
Abstract....................................................................................................................
i
Table of Contents.....................................................................................................
ii
INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE.................................................................................
3
MATERIALS AND METHODS............................................................................
7
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Final Height, Haulm Weight,
and Days to Maturity.....................................................................................
10
Weight of Classified Tubers..........................................................................
11
Number of Classified Tubers.........................................................................
12
Tuber Yield....................................................................................................
12
Soil Analysis..................................................................................................
15
Temperature Data..........................................................................................
15
Cost and Return Analysis...............................................................................
15
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION...............................
17
LITERATURE CITED...........................................................................................
18
APPENDICES........................................................................................................
35
1
INTRODUCTION
The potato (Solanum tuberosum Linn.) is the most common vegetable grown in
the highlands and mid-elevation areas of Benguet and Mountain province in Northern
Luzon. The potato is one preferred because of satisfying return on investment when
cultural management is properly employed. However, it is becoming more difficult to
expand the production in the region because of the limited availability of suitable land.
As production shift to marginal areas, as forest cover is removed greater amounts of land
are becoming subject to erosion. Because of land limitations few potato growers doing
the recommended crop rotation, relying instead of greater quantities of purchased inputs
(fertilizer and pesticides) to continuous production and to control the increasing incidence
of pests (Gayao and Sim, undated).
The growth and yield of potato depends on many factors such as planting
materials, planting density, proper fertilization and others. The use of stem cuttings as
planting materials is very promising for low cost potato production. It also enables the
rapid and timely increase of new cultivars and prevents possible occurrence of tuber-
borne diseases. It reduces production input by a decrease cost of planting material per
unit area and by a decrease of fungicide application. The potato requires heavy kind of
fertilizers and this is one of the production factors to be considered in successful farming.
Proper kind of fertilizer plays an important role in making a good environment for potato
production and other crops (Dalang et al., 1998).
The use of organic fertilizer and organic based fungicides/insecticides result to
good growth, yield, safe and tasty vegetables. Organic fertilizer makes soil in good
condition and rich in nutrient elements. Fields with enrich soil let vegetables grow fast,
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
2
healthy and strong. Growth continuous until the time of harvest because the soil
continuous to provide nutrients. Plants have fewer pest and diseases and vegetables can
be harvested in shorter days. Products are larger and look better and they contain
vitamins and minerals in larger percentage. The use of organic- based materials will let us
save at least half of chemicals and fertilizers compared with traditional farming practices
(Yokomori, 2007).
The study aimed to determine the effect of Induyan compost on the growth and
yield performance of potato, the optimum level of application of Induyan compost for
potato, and the economics of using Induyan compost in potato production.
The study was conducted at horticulture laboratory area, BSU, La Trinidad,
Benguet from December 2010 to February 2011.
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Organic-Based Vegetable Production
Soil enrichment. The basic factor of farming lies in soil enrichment. Healthy soil
rich in organic materials makes healthy crops. Fertilizers do not produce crops. Soil
richness lets vegetable grow. Farmers not aware of this fact try to grow vegetables by
inorganic fertilizers and farm chemicals only. Then, the soil loses its health and the crops
become sick. Many vegetables fields here in Benguet are in serious condition. Soil is hard
and plant roots do not penetrates deep into it. It contains air and moisture little. Soil
microorganism is inactivating. It is deficient in major (NPK) and micronutrients. Plants
suffer from soil-born pest and disease such as club roots. What causes this problem?
Farmers grow same type of vegetable repeatedly, depleting major (i.e. NPK) and
micronutrients. Lack of organic materials in the soil eliminates small bugs, earthworm,
fungus and bacteria, which eat and propagate on these materials. Absence of this creature
let the soil be compact and poor in air and moisture. Vegetables planted on this field
grow poorly and unevenly. Products are small and look poor. Their mineral and vitamin
contents are lower than normal. They are susceptible to pest and diseases, need frequent
spraying, causing chemical residues to be higher in the products (Yokomori, 2007).
Compost production and uses. Farmers need to return the basic of farming. The
soil has to recover its activity. We have to start from composting the fields. How do we
produce compost? Make full use of locally available materials. We can find many
different materials such as weeds in wasteland and roadside, fallen leaves, rice straws,
vegetable clippings, animal manure, etc. Gather them band cut them into right sizes. Find
right mix of these materials rich in Carbon and nitrogen. Adjust their moisture pile them
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
4
up. When temperature goes beyond 60-70 degrees Celsius, disband the heap to cool it and
pile it again. It may not be possible for you to use that much of compost at a time. You
may instead, spread 20 sacs per 1,000 square meters 2-3 times a year. It is important for
as to repeat it every year .The first year production may not indicate any recognizable
changes. The effects become gradually clearer when we repeat it 2-5 years. Please do not
stop here! When you continue it every year and you will find your soil will be as active as
ever. You will continue producing healthy and tasty vegetables. Vegetable production on
enrich soil has another advantage. Weather is unstable these days because of global
warming. Heavy rain washes the fields in the midst of dry season and temperature change
abruptly from very high to very low. This prevents vegetables to grow normally.
However, vegetables planted on enrich soil grow healthy band strong and they neither get
damage much by weather nor suffer from pest and diseases. Since other farms get lower
production and the market is short of supply, you will enjoy good production with higher
prices (Yokomori, 2007).
Production of charcoal and Mokusaku (wood-vinegar). When charcoal and
mokusaku is mixed with compost materials, we can produce better quality compost in
shorter time. Charcoal is porous and contains air and moisture, which offers favourable
living conditions to useful microorganism. Its effectiveness is valid both in compost and
soil conditioning. Mokusaku (wood vinegar) helps fermentation of compost materials. It
eliminates noxious microorganisms and enhances useful ones to propagate. Organic
materials contained in Mokusaku become nutrients to plants and microorganism. It is also
effective when it is fertigated to soil around the plants. How do we produce charcoal and
mokusaku? Any material of plant origin which is burnable can be used. Example: woods,
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
5
bamboos, coconut shells, rice husk, dried weeds ECT. Carbonate it and you get charcoal.
Coal smoke (gas) emitted by heated materials and you get Mokusaku (Yokomori, 2007).
Healthy vegetables. Cultivating vegetables resembles bringing child up: Grow
them strong and healthy. Vegetables on rich soil grow strong. A child grow fast and
strong when its mother is healthy and gives enough from her breast. Strong seedlings
come first. Put seeds on pathogen-free soil. Good seedlings soil makes helps germination
in growth to great extent. When seeds germinate, irrigate everyday .Do not mis -planting
time: Plants then on the field before the seedlings gate too aged. Early stage growth is
very important. Let plants grow fast and big. They grow good when soil is in good
condition and rich in nutrition. Poorer nutrition and slower growth causes the plants to be
attack by pest and diseases more badly .If you find the soil is short of nutrition, please do
not hesitate to give chemical fertilizer. If young plants get attack by insects and diseases,
spray chemicals and mokusaku immediately. Early spraying prevents massive outbreaks
in later stage. It makes near harvest spraying unnecessary. And the end, total amount of
chemical used is reduced and its residues in the harvested vegetables are eliminated
(Yokomori, 2007).
Can vegetable grow without chemicals? Vegetables may grow without chemicals
fungicides /insecticides and without inorganic fertilizer. However, the products look poor
and have insect bites, unless the grower has quiet high level of technology and grow them
under intensive care. While they are free from chemical residues, some data indicate
lower vitamin and mineral contents of the organic vegetables. Do consumers buy them?
Perhaps yes. But its quantity is small and represents only a small fraction of the whole
consumption. It is not easy for the producers. It takes a large amount of manpower. Yield
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
6
is low. Hence a sale does not cover the costs unless a high price is charged. Even so,
marketable quantities are limited. Can income from organic vegetables pay the living
expenses for the family? It may be quite difficult (Yokomori, 2007).
Fertilizer Application in Potato Production
The procedure for fertilizer application is to apply chicken manures (1 can/12 m2)
and complete fertilizer (½ of the recommended rate) and thoroughly mixed with the soil
prior to planting. Side dressing of the remaining ½ of the recommended rate of complete
fertilizer between the rows one month after planting (Gayao et al., 1998).
Cultural Management Practices
Cultural management of white potato transplant is similar to those grown from
seed tubers. However, an application of foliar fertilizer (high in nitrogen) one week after
transplanting is necessary to encourage more vegetative production and to prevent early
tuber formation. It is also important to hill-up twice to cover nodes and minimize
greening of tubers. Hilling- up is done 30 days after planting (DAP) with side dressing of
140-140-140 kg N- P 2 O 5 – K 2 O/ha at 45 DAP (Dalang et al., 1998).
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
7
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials
The materials used were potato stem cuttings of ‘Granola’, Induyan compost,
chicken manure, triple 14, fungicides, insecticides, and farm tools.
Induyan compost it is an organic fertilizer that helps to increase beneficial
microorganisms in the soil, thus improving soil condition making plants vigorous and
resistant to diseases. It contains 1.67 % nitrogen, 2.67% phosphorous, 3.30% potassium,
8.1 pH, 52.5% micro nutrients, and 16.87% organic matter content.
Method
Experimental design and treatments. The experiment was laid out in randomized
complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were as follows:
Code
Fertilizer
F1
Chicken manure- 2 t/ha or 1 kg/5 m2+ 14-14-14- 571 kg/ha
or 0.285 kg/ 5m2
F2
Induyan compost- 5.0 t/ha or 2.5 kg/5 m2
F3
Induyan compost- 10 t/ha or 5.0 kg/5 m2
F4
Induyan compost- 15 t/ha or 7.5 kg/5 m2
Land preparation, planting, and crop maintenance. An area of 60 square meters
was prepared. The area was divided into four blocks and each block was composed of
four plots with a dimension of 1 m x 5 m each. Cuttings were transplanted at 25 cm x 30
cm between hills and rows in a double row plot (1m wide). Prior to planting, Induyan
compost and chicken dung were applied and mixed thoroughly with the soil. Inorganic
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
8
fertilizer 14-14-14 was applied to treatments plots three weeks after transplanting
followed by hilling-up. All other cultural management practices like irrigation, weeding,
insect and disease control were employed properly.
Data Gathered
1. Final height (cm). This was measured from the base to the tip of the shoot at
maturity.
2. Haulm weight (kg). This was the weight of the vegetative parts taken at
harvest time.
3. Days to maturity. This was the number of days from planting to harvesting
when the leaves turned yellowish.
4. Weight of marketable tubers according to sizes (kg/5 m2 plot).
a. Extra large tubers: 99-105 grams
b. Large tubers: 85-98 grams
c. Big tubers: 78-84 grams
d. Medium tubers: 51-77 grams
e. Small tubers: 50 grams and below
5. Number of tubers according to sizes per plot. This was the number of tubers
according to sizes.
6. Marketable yield (kg/5 m2 plot). This was the total weight of tubers without
defects and are saleable.
7. Non-marketable yield (kg/5 m2 plot). This was the total weight of very small
tubers, diseased or with defects.
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
9
8. Total yield (kg/5 m2 plot). This was the weight of marketable and non-
marketable tubers.
9. Computed marketable yield (t/ha). The marketable yield per plot was
multiplied by 2000 which is the number of 1x5m plots per hectare and divided by 1000
which is the number of kilogram per ton.
10. Soil analysis. The N, P, K and organic matter content was taken during land
preparation prior to the application of fertilizer.
11. Temperature data . This was taken from the PAG-ASA station near the site of
the study.
12. Cost and return analysis. Return on investment was computed using the
formula:
Percentage ROI = Net Income x 100
Total Expenses
13. Documentation. This was the pictures taken during the study.
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
10
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Final Height, Haulm Weight, and Days to Maturity
In Table 1 and Figure 1, results shows that plant height was not significantly
affected by the fertilizer treatments while haulm weight was significantly higher in plants
applied with Induyan compost at 7.5 and 5 kg per 1 x 5 m2 plot. Plants applied with
chicken manure + 14-14-14 significantly matured the earliest after 68 days from planting.
Weight of Classified Tubers
Table 2 shows that the weight of tubers classified according to size were not
significantly different as affected by the different fertilizer treatments. Nevertheless, the
highest weight of small and extra large tubers were obtained with the application of
Induyan compost at 7.5 kg/5 m2 plot, medium and big sized tubers with the application of
5 kg/5 m2 plot Induyan compost, and large tubers with the application of chicken manure
+ 14 -14-14.
Table 1. Final height, haulm weight, and days to maturity
FERTILIZER
DAYS TO
TREATMENT
FINAL HEIGHT HAULM WEIGHT
MATURITY
(per 5 m2 plot)
(cm)
(kg)
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
55.00a
2.50bc
68.33b
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
54.57a
2.33c
70.07a
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
58.00a
3.33ab
70.33a
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
59.33a
3.67a
70.67a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
11
Four weeks after transplanting
Six weeks after transplanting
Figure 1. Vegetative stage of the treatment plants
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
12
Table 2. Weight of classified tubers
FERTILIZER
CLASSIFICATION
TREATMENT
SMALL MEDIUM
BIG
LARGE
EXTRA
(per 5 m2 plot)
LARGE
Chicken manure-1 kg +
0.73a
1.44a
1.30a
1.19a
0.90a
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
0.74a
1.19a
1.31a
0.78a
0.74a
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
1.02a
1.68a
1.63a
1.05a
1.14a
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
1.06a
1.39a
1.21a
1.04a
1.16a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Number of Classified Tubers
Table 3 shows that the number of tubers classified according to size were not
significantly different in the different treatments except the number of small tubers which
was significantly higher with the application of 5.0 kg/5 m2 plot Induyan compost.
Nevertheless, the highest number of medium and big size tubers were obtained with the
application of 5 kg/5 m2 plot Induyan compost, large tubers with the application of
chicken manure + 14-14-14, and extra large tubers with the application of 5 kg/5 m2 plot
Induyan compost.
Tuber Yield
Tuber yield was not significantly affected by the different fertilizer treatments
(Table 4 and Figure 2). However, greater yield of non-marketable tubers was obtained
from plants applied with chicken manure + 14-14-14, while the highest marketable yield,
total yield, and computed marketable yield of 13.04 t/ha were obtained with the
application of Induyan compost at 5 kg/5 m2 plot.
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
13
Potato tubers harvested from plants
Potato tubers harvested from plants applied
applied with chicken manure- 1 kg
with Induyan compost at 2.5 kg/5 m2 plot
+ 14-14-14- 0.285 kg/5 m2 plot
Potato tubers harvested from plants applied Potato tubers harvested from plants applied
with Induyan compost at 5.0 kg/5 m2 plot with Induyan compost at 7.5 kg/5 m2 plot
Figure 2. Samples of marketable tuber yield from the different fertilizer treatments
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
14
Table 3. Number of classified tubers
FERTILIZER
CLASSIFICATION
TREATMENT
SMALL MEDIUM
BIG
LARGE
EXTRA
(per 5 m2 plot)
LARGE
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
34.33bc
36.00a
20.33a
13.57a
6.67a
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
32.00c
28.00a
19.67a
8.00a
5.57a
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
46.00a
44.33a
26.33a
12.33a
9.67a
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
39.67b
33.33a
20.67a
12.00a
9.00a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Table 4. Tuber yield
FERTILIZER
YIELD (kg/5 m2 plot)
COMPUTED
TREATMENT
NON-
MARKETABLE TOTAL MARKETABLE
(per 5 m2 plot)
MARKETABLE
YIELD (t/ha)
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
0.35a
5.56a
5.91a
11.13a
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
0.28a
4.57a
5.04a
9.53a
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
0.27a
6.52a
6.78a
13.04a
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
0.20a
5.87a
6.08a
11.75a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
15
Soil Analysis
The soil in the experiment field prior to the application of fertilizer contained low
amount at 0.025% N, 52 ppm P, 328 ppm K, 0.5% organic matter content, and high pH at
7.32.
Temperature Data
The temperature recorded during the cropping period is shown in Table 6. The
highest temperature was recorded in December with a mean of 17.5oc and decreased to
15.6oc and 14.75oc in January and February, respectively. These temperatures are within
the suitable ranges for potato production.
Cost and Return Analysis
Table 6 shows that the highest return on investment (ROI) at 263.31% was
obtained with the application of Induyan compost at 5 kg/5 m2 plot while the lowest ROI
was obtained with the application of 7.5 kg/5 m2 plot Induyan compost at 190.36%.
Table 5. Temperature data
MONTH
TEMPERATURE (oc)
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
AVERAGE
December 2010
24
11.0
17.50
January 2011
20
11.2
15.60
February 2011
20
9.50
14.75
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
16
Table 6. Cost and return analysis
RETURN ON
FERTILIZER TREATMENT (per 5 m2 plot)
INVESTMENT
Chicken manure- 1 kg Induyan
Induyan
Induyan
(Per 5 m2 plot)
+ 14-14-14- 0.285 kg Compost
Compost
Compost
2.5 kg
5.0 kg
7.5 kg
Marketable yield (kg)
16.69
14.29
19.56
17.62
A. Sales (Php)
418.5.00
351.2.00
483.2.00
438.45.00
B. Expenses
Potato stem cuttings
60
60
60
60
Fertilizer
1. Chicken manure
8.00
-
-
-
2. 14-14-14
18.81
-
-
-
3. Induyan compost
-
18.00
36.00
54.00
Insecticide
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
Fungicide
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
Labor
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
Transportation
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
Total expenses
123.81.00
115.00
133.00
151.00
C. Net profit (PhP)
294.69.00
236.2.00
350.2.00
287.45.00
D. ROI (%)
238.12%
205.39%
263.31%
190.36%
Rank
2
3
1
4
The selling prices (PhP) were: small=15.00, medium =20.00, big=25.00, large=30.00
and extra large =35.00.
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
17
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted at horticulture laboratory area of the Benguet State
University La Trinidad, Benguet from December 2010 to February 2011 to determine the
effect of Induyan compost on the growth and yield performance of potato, the optimum
level of application of Induyan compost for potato, and the economics of using Induyan
compost in potato production.
Findings show that significantly heavier haulm was obtained from plants applied
with Induyan compost at 7.5 or 5 kg/5 m2 plot. Height of plants did not differ
significantly but significantly earlier maturity was noted in plants applied with chicken
manure +14-14-14. Tuber yield was not significantly affected as to size and weight but
the highest marketable yield at 13.04 t/ha was obtained with the application of Induyan
compost at 5 kg/5 m2 plot with the highest return on investment of 263.31%.
Conclusion
Based on the results, application of Induyan compost at 5 kg/5 m2 plot could
improve the vegetative growth and yield of potato and increase the income.
Recommendation
The use of Induyan compost at 5 kg/5 m2 plot could be recommended in potato
production to have better yield and higher profit.
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
18
LITERATURE CITED
DALANG, P., N. PUNTAWE, B. GAYAO, C. KISWA, G. TABDI, D. MELDOZ, J.
FERMIN, J. PEREZ. 1998. The use of stem cuttings. In: NPRRTC Pamphlet 3.
BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 1-13.
GAYAO, B. and J. SIM. Undated. On farm evaluation of potato production in the
highlands. In: NPRRTC Pamphlet. BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 1.
GAYAO, B., A. BOTANGEN, J. DATI, J. SIM, J. TABDI, and D. MELDOZ. 1998.
Potato Production Guide. In: NPRRTC Pamphlet 4. BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Pp. 1-24.
YOKOMORI MASAKI. 2007. Pilot project for better income by organic-based
vegetables production. In: JAEC Organic-based Vegetables Project in Benguet
Province, Philippines. Pp. 1-13.
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
19
APPENDICES
Appendix Table 1. Final height (cm)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
45
61
59
165
55.00
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
51
55
58
164
54.67
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
62
63
49
174
58.00
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
68
57
53
178
59.33
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Replication
2
36.5
18.25
0.24510 ns
4.757063 9.779538
Treatment
3
46.91667
15.63889
Error
6
382.8333
63.80556
TOTAL
11
466.25
ns- Not significant
Coe fficient of vari ation =
14.08%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
20
Appendix Table 2. Haulm weight (kg)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
3
2.5
2.0
7.5
2.500000
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
2
2.5
2.5
7.0
2.333333
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
4
3.0
3.0
10
3.333333
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
4
4.0
3.0
11
3.666667
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Replication
2
0.791667
0.395833
6.172414*
4.757063 9.779538
Treatment
3
3.729167
1.243056
Error
6
1.208333
0.201389
TOTAL
11
5.729167
*- significant
Coef ficient of vari ation = 15.17%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
21
Appendix Table 3. Days to maturity
FERTILIZER
TREATMENT
REPLICATION
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
68
68
69
205
68.3333
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
70
70
70
210
70.0000
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
71
70
70
211
70.3333
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
70
71
71
212
70.6667
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Replication
2
0.16667
0.08333
10.5455 **
4.75706 9.77954
Treatment
3
9.66667
3.22222
Error
6
1.83333
0.30556
**- Highly significant
Coe fficient of va riation =
0.79%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
22
Appendix Table 4. Weight of small tubers (kg/5 m2 plot)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
0.80
0.80
0.60
2.20
0.73333
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
0.81
0.85
0.56
2.22
0.74000
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
1.30
0.94
0.83
3.07
1.02333
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
1.50
0.95
0.73
3.18
1.06000
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Replication
2
0.35712
0.17856
3.64155ns 4.75706 9.77954
Treatment
3
0.28116
0.09372
Error
6
0.15442
0.02574
TOTAL
11
0.79269
ns- not significant
Coefficient of variation = 18.04%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
23
Appendix Table 5. Weight of medium tubers (kg/5 m2 plot)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken ma nure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
1.75
1.52
1.05
4.32
1.44000
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
1.22
1.05
1.29
3.56
1.18667
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
1.45
2.20
1.38
5.03
1.67667
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
0.91
1.72
1.55
4.18
1.39333
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Replication
2
0.23647
0.11823
0.8808ns
4.75706 9.77954
Treatment
3
0.36409
0.12136
Error
6
0.82673
0.13779
TOTAL
11
1.42729
ns- Not significant
Coeffi cient of varia tion =
26.06%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
24
Appendix Table 6. Weight of Big Tubers (kg/5 m2 plot)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
0.75
1.35
1.80
3.90
1.300000
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
0.85
1.45
1.64
3.94
1.313333
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
2.62
1.45
0.81
4.88
1.626667
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
1.45
1.38
0.80
3.63
1.210000
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05 0.01
Replication
2
0.060200
0.030100
0.214892ns 4.757063 9.779538
Treatment
3
0.298092
0.099364
Error
6
2.774333
0.462389
TOTAL
11
3.132625
ns- Not significant
Coef ficient of varia tion = 49.91
%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
25
Appendix Table 7. Weight of large tubers (kg/5 m2 plot)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
1.20
1.16
1.21
3.57
1.190000
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
0.40
0.48
1.47
2.35
0.783333
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
1.41
1.10
0.64
3.15
1.050000
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
0.85
1.03
1.25
3.13
1.043333
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Replication
2
0.096017
0.048008
0.519781ns 4.757063 9.779538
Treatment
3
0.258933
0.086311
Error
6
0.996317
0.166053
TOTAL
11
1.351267
ns- Not significant
Coe fficient of var iation = 40.08%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
26
Appendix Table 8. Weight of extra large tubers (kg/5 m2 plot)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
1.35
1.00
0.35
2.70
0.900000
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
0.61
0.80
0.81
2.22
0.740000
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
1.83
0.85
0.75
3.43
1.143333
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
2.35
0.40
0.75
3.50
1.166667
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Replication
2
1.81755
0.908775
0.47081ns
4.757063 9.779538
Treatment
3
0.375892
0.125297
Error
6
1.596783
0.266131
TOTAL
11
3.790225
ns- Not significant
Coe fficient of var iation = 52.24%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
27
Appendix Table 9. Number of small tubers (per 5 m2 plot)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
38
39
26
103
34.33333
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
38
32
26
96
32.00000
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
54
48
36
138
46.00000
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
46
45
28
119
39.66667
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Repli
cation
2
504
252
15.38235**
4.757063
9.779538
Treatment
3
348.6667
116.2222
Error
6
45.33333
7.555556
TOTAL
11
898
**- highly significant
Coef ficient of vari ation = 7.23 %
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
28
Appendix Table 10. Number medium tubers (per 5 m2 plot)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken ma nure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
43
38
27
108
36.00000
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
28
23
33
84
28.00000
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
43
61
32
136
45.33333
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
24
41
35
100
33.33333
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Repli
cation
2
170.1667
85.08333
1.601353ns
4.757063
9.779538
Treatment
3
473.3333
157.7778
Error
6
591.1667
98.52778
TOTAL
11
1234.667
ns- Not significant
Coef ficient of vari ation = 27.83%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
29
Appendix Table 11. Number of big tubers (per 5 m2 plot)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
11
22
28
61
20.33333
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
11
22
26
59
19.66667
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
42
23
14
79
26.33333
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
24
26
12
62
20.66667
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Replication
2
21.5
10.75
0.221958ns 4.757063 9.779538
Treatment
3
85.58333
28.52778
Error
6
771.1667
128.5278
TOTAL
11
878.25
ns- Not significant
Coeffi cient of variat ion = 52.12%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
30
Appendix Table 12. Number of large tubers (per 5 m2 plot)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
15
13
13
41
13.66667
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
4
5
15
24
8.000000
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
17
13
7
37
12.33333
Induyan Compos- 7.5 kg
11
11
14
36
12.00000
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Replic ation
2
6.5
3.25
0.846255ns
4.757063
9.779538
Treatment
3
53.66667
17.88889
Error
6
126.8333
21.13889
TOTAL
11
187
ns- Not significant
Coeffi cient of variat ion = 39.98%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
31
Appendix Table 13. Number of extra large tubers (per 5 m2 plot)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
11
7
2
20
6.666667
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
5
6
6
17
5.666667
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
17
7
5
29
9.666667
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
18
3
6
27
9.000000
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Replic ation
2
152
76
0.658163ns
4.757063
9.779538
Treatment
3
32.25
10.75
Error
6
98
16.33333
TOTAL
11
282.25
ns- Not significant
Coef ficient of varia tion = 52.15%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
32
Appendix Table 14. Marketable yield (kg/5 m2 plot)
FERTILIZER
TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL
MEAN
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
5.85
5.83
5.01
16.69
5.563333
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
3.90
4.63
5.77
14.30
4.766667
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
8.61
6.54
4.41
19.56
6.520000
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
7.06
5.48
5.08
17.62
5.873333
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Repli
cation
2
3.337517
1.668758
0.963002ns
4.757063
9.779538
Treatment
3
4.772292
1.590764
Error
6
9.911283
1.651881
TOTAL
11
18.02109
ns- Not significant
Coeff icient of varia tion = 22.62%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
33
Appendix Table 15. Non-marketable yield (kg/5 m2 plot)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken ma nure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
0.15
0.35
0.55
1.05
0.35
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg 0.32
0.25
0.26
0.83
0.276667
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg 0.33
0.23
0.25
0.81
0.27
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg 0.21
0.22
0.2
0.63
0.21
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Replication
2
0.009017
0.004508
0.743252ns 4.757063 9.779538
Treatment
3
0.0296
0.009867
Error
6
0.07965
0.013275
TOTAL
11
0.118267
ns- Not significant
Coeffi cient of variat ion = 41.64%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
34
Appendix Table 16. Total yield (kg/5 m2 plot)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
6.00
6.18
5.56
17.74
5.913333
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg
4.22
4.88
6.03
15.13
5.043333
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg
8.94
6.74
4.66
20.34
6.78.000
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg
7.27
5.70
5.28
18.25
6.083333
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Replication
2
3.03965
1.519825
0.899632ns 4.757063 9.779538
Treatment
3
4.5899
1.529967
Error
6
10.20395
1.700658
TOTAL
11
17.8335
ns- Not significant
Coeffici ent of variation
= 21.90%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
35
Appendix Table 17. Computed marketable yield (t/ha)
FERTILIZER
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
(per 5 m2 plot)
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
Chicken manure- 1 kg +
14-14-14- 0.285 kg
11.70
11.66
10.02
33.38
11.12667
Induyan Compost- 2.5 kg 7.800
9.26
11.54
28.6
9.533333
Induyan Compost- 5.0 kg 17.22
13.08
8.82
39.12
13.04000
Induyan Compost- 7.5 kg 14.12
10.96
10.16
35.24
11.74667
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE
DEGRESS
TABULAR F
OF
OF
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES
F
0.05
0.01
Replication
2
13.35007
6.675033
0.963002ns 4.757063 9.779538
Treatment
3
19.08917
6.363056
Error
6
39.64513
6.607522
TOTAL
11
72.08437
ns- Not significant
Coeffi cient of variat ion = 22.62%
Growth and Yield of Potato Grown from Stem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic
Fertilizer. VALDEZ, ARGIE DONGLAL. APRIL 2011
Document Outline
- Growth and Yield of Potato Grown fromStem Cuttings as Affected by Induyan Organic Fertilizer
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES