BIBLIOGRAPHY

LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009. Rates of Potassium and Organic
Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots (Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda,
Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.

Adviser: Mario M. Marquez Msc.
Co – adviser : Jose G. Balaoing Ph. D.

ABSTRACT

The study was conducted to determine the effects of rates of potassium and
organic fertilization on the yield and quality of carrot. Specifically, to determine: 1) the
effect of potassium and organic fertilization on the yield and quality of carrots, 2) the
postharvest quality of carrots fertilized with potassium and organic fertilizer, and 3) some
chemical properties of the soil planted with carrots fertilized with potassium and organic
fertilizer.

Rates of potassium affected the yield and sugar content of carrots. Plants grown in
plots applied with 90 kg K2O / ha produced the highest yield.

Application of organic fertilizer affected the yield and shelf-life of carrots..
Application of 5 tons/ha chicken dung produced the highest yield. Organic materials
improved organic matter and available nitrogen content of the soil.

No significant interaction effect between the rates of potassium and kinds of
organic fertilizers on the yield and quality of carrots were obtained. However, application
of 90 kg K2O in combination with 5 tons/ha chicken dung gave higher yields.

---

TABLE OF CONTENTS










Page

Bibliography……………………………………………………………………
i

Abstract ………………………………………………………………………. i











Table of Contents ……………………………………………………………… ii


INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………...
1

REVIEW OF LITERATURE …………………………………………………
3



Role of Potassium (K) …………………………………………………. 3


Effect of Potassium on Crop Quality …………………………………… 3


Deficiency and Excess Symptoms of Potassium ………………………... 4



Effect of Organic Fertilizer on Plant Growth ………………………….. 5


Effect of Organic Matter on the Physical Properties of the Soil ……….. 6


Effect of Organic Matter on Postharvest Quality of Crops …………….. 6


Effect of Organic Matter on the Chemical Properties of the Soil ………. 7





MATERIALS AND METHODS.....…………………………………………….. 8

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ……………………………………………….. 15

Marketable Yield ……………………………………………………... 15



Effect of rates of potassium ………………………………….
15



Effect of kinds of organic fertilizer…………………………..
15



Interaction effect ………………………………………………
15


Total Yield …………………………………………………………….
17

Effect of rates of potassium ………………………………….
17


Effect of kinds of organic fertilizer…………………………..
17

---

Interaction effect ………………………………………………
17

Dry Matter Content ………………………………………………………. 18


Effect of rates of potassium ………………………………….
18


Effect of kinds of organic fertilizer…………………………..
19


Interaction effect ………………………………………………
19
Weight of Classified Carrot Roots ……………………………………….
19



Big Carrots ……………………………………………………………… 19


Effect of rates of potassium ………………………………….
19


Effect of kinds of organic fertilizer…………………………..
20


Interaction effect ………………………………………………
21

Medium Carrots ………………………………………………………… 21


Effect of rates of potassium ………………………………….
21


Effect of kinds of organic fertilizer…………………………..
21


Interaction effect ………………………………………………
21

Small Carrots …………………………………………………………… 21


Effect of rates of potassium ………………………………….
21


Effect of kinds of organic fertilizer…………………………..
22


Interaction effect ………………………………………………
22
Postharvest Quality of Carrots………………………………………………. 23

Shelf-life ………………………………………………………………
23


Effect of rates of potassium ………………………………….
23


Effect of kinds of organic fertilizer…………………………..
24


Interaction effect ………………………………………………
24

---

Percent Weight Loss …………………………………………………...
25


Effect of rates of potassium ………………………………….
25


Effect of kinds of organic fertilizer…………………………..
25


Interaction effect ………………………………………………
26

Sugar content …………………………………………………………..
26


Effect of rates of potassium ………………………………….
26


Effect of kinds of organic fertilizer…………………………..
27


Interaction effect ………………………………………………
28
Chemical Properties of the Soil …………………………………………....
29

Soil pH …………………………………………………………………
29


Effect of rates of potassium ………………………………….
29


Effect of kinds of organic fertilizer…………………………..
29



Interaction effect ………………………………………………
29

Organic Matter Content of the Soil ……………………………………
30


Effect of rates of potassium ………………………………….
30


Effect of kinds of organic fertilizer…………………………..
31


Interaction effect ………………………………………………
31

Nitrogen Content of the Soil …………………………………………… 31


Effect of rates of potassium …………………………………...
31


Effect of kinds of organic fertilizer……………………………
32


Interaction effect ……………………………………………….
33
Phosphorus Content of the Soil………………………………………… 34


Effect of rates of potassium …………………………………..
34

---

Effect of kinds of organic fertilizer…………………………..
34


Interaction effect ………………………………………………
34

Potassium Content of the Soil ………………………………………….. 36


Effect of rates of potassium ……………………………….….
36


Effect of kinds of organic fertilizer…………………………..
37


Interaction effect ………………………………………………
37
Return of Investment ……………………………………………….….
38

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION …………….
40

Summary…………………………………………………………………
40

Conclusion ……………………………………………………………...
41

Recommendation ……………………………………………………….
41

LITERATURE CITED ……………………………………………………
42

APPENDICES ……………………………………………………………..
45

---

1







INTRODUCTION



Carrot (Daucus carota), an annual crop which belongs to umbilliferae or parsely
family and now a popular crop, has gained more profitable and economic value to man.
This is due to its palatability and high nutrient contents. There are two distinct groups
such as Asiatic and European. Asiatic types are red colored due to anthocyanin pigment
where as European types are orange due to carotene.

Carandang (1979) stated that carrot contains high amount of nutrients to
appreciable quantities of thiamine, riboflavin and sugar. It is also a good source of
calcium, potassium, and carotene. The nutrients help prevent blindness as well as
enhance vigor. Carrots can be used also as a substitute for succulent feeds for daily ration
of livestock animals and specially milk cows and hogs. It is also rich in dietary fiber,
antioxidants and minerals.

Carrots thrive best at places with temperatures ranging from 15.6 to 21 oC. It is
adaptable in sandy or silty soil with a pH ranging from 6.0 to 6.8.
Potassium (K) is essential to plant and animal life. It plays many important roles
in plant nutrition. Plants absorb available K+ from the soil and more readily from older to
younger tissue that influences plant growth.
Potassium also provides sugar content of the plant. It helps increase the root
length of the crop. It also enhances the physiological process in the plant including the
opening and closing of stomata and tolerance to unfavorable condition.
This study was conducted to:
1.
Determine the effect of different rates of potassium and organic
fertilization on the yield and quality of carrots;
Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

2






2. Determine the post harvest quality of carrots fertilized with different rates
of potassium and organic fertilization; and,
3. Determine some chemical properties of soil planted with carrots fertilized
with organic and rates of potassium (K).

The study was conducted at the Soil Science Experimental area, College of
Agriculture, Benguet State University, La Trinidad Benguet from November 2008 to
April 2009.






























Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

3







REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Role of Potassium


Potassium (K) has many functions in plants that include root growth, improves
drought resistance, builds cellulose and reduces lodging, enhances many enzyme actions,
reduces respirations that prevent energy losses, aids in photosynthesis and food
formation, helps in the translocation of sugars and starch, increases protein content of
plants, maintains turgidity that reduces water loss and wilting, helps retard crop diseases,
and is involved in many other plant functions (Tisdale and Nelson, 1975 as cited by
Raymundo, 2002).

Devlin (1997) claims that potassium is essential in photosynthesis. It is also
absolutely essential in the development of chlorophyll. Photosynthesis decreases with
insufficient supply of potassium and at the same time respiration may be increased. This
condition seriously reduces the supply of carbohydrates and consequently the growth of
the plant. The role of potassium in photosynthesis is complex but activation of enzyme
and involvement in ATP production is probably more important in regulating
photosynthesis than in the role of potassium in stomatal activity.

Effect of Potassium on Crop Quality


High level of available potassium improve physical quality, disease resistance and
feeding value of grain and forage crops, as well as crop used for human food. Quality is
becoming an increasingly important market factor so adequate Potassium will become
more critical for the value of the crop produced (Tisdale and Nelson, 1975).
Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

4







A research conducted in 1987 by the Potash Phosphate Industry (PPI) Research
Institute, white and sweet potatoes, cabbage, cassava and other vegetable crops require
Potassium for both yield and quality. When K is limited, tomatoes, potatoes and cabbage
often shown dislocation of the internal tissue. For crop such as oranges, K improves fruit
quality and specifically K influences the sizes of fruit, thickness rind, fruit color, acid/
sugar ratio, soluble solid and the vitamin content. Banana yield and quality are strongly
influenced by K nutrition. It improves fruit weight, number and finger per bunch. In
addition, K stimulated earlier fruit shooting and shorten the number of days to fruit
maturity. The beneficial effect of K on banana fruit quality continues over and above
levels of K require for top fruit yield (PPI, 1987).

Deficiency and Excess Symptoms of Potassium


Deficit of K is most likely observed on leached soils especially sandy soils.
Compared to deficiencies of phosphorous and many other nutrients, deficiency of K is
relatively easy to recognize in most plants. Potassium deficiency decreases root
elongation and root thickness which affect the absorption of other nutrient elements.
When K is deficient, some plants produce large concentrations of the basic amine putres
cine (PPI Research Institute, 1987) as cited by Diong-an (2006). Because K is very
mobile within the plants, it is translocated from older tissues to younger ones if the
supply is inadequate. The symptoms of deficiency therefore usually occur earliest and
most severely on the older leaves. In general when K is deficient, the tips and edges of
the oldest leaves begin to yellow (chlorosis) and then die (necrosis) so that the leaves
appear to have been burned on the edges. On some plants, the necrotic leaf edges may
tear, giving the leaf a ragged appearance (Brady and Weil, 2002).
Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

5







Excess K affects dry matter content, specific gravity in potato tubers. Since K
stimulates water accumulation in tubers. K fertilizers application influences the usability
of tubers for food (PPI, 1987) as cited by Diong-an (2006).

Effect of Organic Fertilizer on Plant Growth


Cid (2000) said that chicken dung contains 11 % nitrogen which is the highest
among organic fertilizers, but lower in phosphorous and potassium. However, chicken
dung propates better and faster vegetative growth.
According to Sullivan (2003) leguminous green manure can supply 30 to 50
percent of the nitrogen needs of high yielding rice varieties depending on quality and type
of green manure crop, the time and method of application, soil fertilizer and cropping
method. The sub covers provide enough nitrogen to produce high rice yields without
additional nitrogen at one location. It was further found that organic rice is two to three
times taller than the conventionally grown rice but costs more to produce.
In addition, de la Cruz (2004) claim that crops applied with animal manure
performed better compared to those crops grown with commercial organic fertilizers. The
slow release of nutrients from the animal manure minimizes the nutrient losses resulting
to the efficient uptake of crops that lead to higher yield. Animal manure also serves as a
valuable conditioner of the soil retaining humidity and improving structure and internal
drainage.
Organic fertilizer generally provides some of the essential elements necessary for
proper growth. It gives farmers lower stable fertilizer cost, reliable local fertilizer and
increasing soil fertility (Pacsi, 2005).

Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

6






Effect Organic Matter on Physical Properties of the Soil

The castings (vermicompost) form aggregates which are mineral clusters that
combine is such a way that they can withstand water erosion and compaction and also
increase water retention. Vermicompost have a very high water holding capacity.

According to Casio (1977) as cited by Capcapan (2003), organic matter or
compost applied to a certain area about 3 to 5 tons/ha can enhance granulation, aeration
and water holding capacity of the soil.

Brady and Weil (2002) also claimed that organic matter binds mineral particles
into a granular soil structure that is largely responsible for the loose characteristics, easily
manage condition of productive soil and also increases the amount of water as soil can
hold more available water.

Tan (1975) as cited by Lingaling (2006) stated that compost improves the
structure of the soil. This allows more air into the soil and improves soil fertility drainage
and reduces erosion. Compost improves soil fertility by adding nutrients and by making it
easier for plants to take up the nutrients in the soil.

Effect of Organic Fertilizer on Postharvest Quality of Crops


Nutrient elements from organic fertilizers are released slowly which are
particularly important in avoiding salt injury, ensuring a continuous supply of nutrients
throughout the growing season, and in producing products of better quality (Koshino,
1990). Moriconi (1989) as cited by Tomilas (1996) stated that the slow release of
nitrogen in organic fertilizer results in a lower protein and higher sugar contents which
gives a better taste of plants.

Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

7






Effect of Organic Matter on the Chemical Properties of the Soil

In 1996, Brady and Weil as cited by Lacay (2008) reported that plant growth and
development are affected by many factors; one crucial factor that may affect plant growth
is the soil organic matter. Soils high in organic matter usually are productive. Plants can
grow well so there is always a good harvest. So in order to maintain a good harvest the
amount of organic matter in the soil must be maintained at a high level as cited by Lacay
(2008). Sun and Hsieh (1992) reported that organic matter content of the soil is often
used as an index of soil fertility. The alterations of the physical, chemical and biological
properties of the soil are the three general effects of organic matter. Moreover, organic
matter when properly decomposed will produce the humus vital in soil conditions
affecting growth of plants.

Brady and Weil (2002) reported that organic matter is the primary source of the
plant nutrients which includes nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. It also provides much of
the cation exchange and water holding capacities of surface soil. Furthermore, organic
matter supplies energy and body building constituents for most of the microorganism.
In 1996, Brady and Weil as cited by Lazo (2006) stated that both fulvic and humic
acid in the soil solution even in small quantities enhances certain aspects of plant growth.
Components of these substances probably act as regulator of specific plant functions such
as cell elongation and lateral root initiation.




Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

8







MATERIALS AND METHODS

Materials


The different materials used were carrot (cv. New Kuroda) seeds; different
organic materials such as vermicompost, wild sunflower, chicken dung and hog manure,
inorganic fertilizer such as muriate of potash (0-0-60), urea (46-0-0), and solophos (0-
18-0), wooden planting guide and identifying tags and other farm implements like grub
hoe, bolo, chemical reagents, laboratory equipments for the analysis.

Methodology


An area of 300 sq. meters were thoroughly prepared and divided into three blocks.
Each block was subdivided into 20 plots with a dimension of 1 m wide x 5 m long. The
experiment was laid out following the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)
following the factorial arrangement with the rates of potassium fertilizer as Factor A and
kinds of organic fertilizer as Factor B.

The different treatments were as follows:
Factor A. Rates of Potassium Fertilizer (K) – kg K2O/ha

K1
–
Control

K2
–
80

K3
–
90

K4
–
100
Factor B. Kinds of Organic Fertilizers – O

O1
-
Control

O2
–
Vermicompost (20 tons/ha)
Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

9







O3
–
Wild Sunflower (20 tons/ha)

O4
–
Chicken Dung, (5 tons/ha)

O5
–
Hog Manure, (10 tons/ha)

The different treatments were laid out following the RCBD factorial. For O1 and
K1 (control) no application of organic fertilizers and potassium fertilizer. Organic
fertilizers were applied and mixed thoroughly one (1) week before planting.

Seeds were sown with the use of wooden planting guide in order to have equal
number of hills per plot. The pegs of the planting guide are spaced 8 cm x 15 cm between
hills and rows. Five (5) to eight (8) seed were dropped in each hill and covered with thin
layer of soil.
Application of the 46-0-0, 0-18-0 and different rates of 0-0-60 were applied two
(2) weeks after emergence 50 % of the recommended rate 90 N – 170 P2O5 – 90 K2O
(BFS) of the crop. While the remaining 50% of the recommended rate was applied during
hilling-up after four (4) weeks of the plants. The plants were hilled-up two times during
the application of the inorganic fertilizer.
The plants were thinned four (4) weeks after emergence. Weak, abnormal, late
emergence or small plants were uprooted leaving only one plant per hill.

The plants were maintained by employing agricultural management practices such
as irrigation and weeding.




Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

10







The data gathered were the following:
A. Agronomic Parameters
1. Marketable yield (kg). This was taken by weighing all carrot roots harvested
per plot excluding the damaged roots.
2. Total yield (kg). This was the weight of all carrot roots harvested per plot
which include the marketable and non-marketable.
3. Dry matter content (%). Two big, three medium and three small carrots
including there stalk and leaves were used as representative samples on this dry matter
content. These were determined by chopping the plant samples into small pieces, sun dried
and oven-dried at a temperature maintained at 70oC. The dried samples were cooled and
weighed. This was computed following the formula:
% MC = Fresh weight – Oven dry weight x 100

Fresh weight

DMC = 100 - % MC



4. Return of investment (ROI). The return of investment was computed per
treatment using the formula:




ROI (%) = Gross Sale – Total Expenses
x 100


Total Expenses

Classification of Roots

Classification of carrots were based on the Farmer’s practice of Classification as
adopted by Lingaling and Balaoing, (2006).
1. Big carrots (kg). These were the weight of big roots harvested per plot with
roots measuring 15.0 cm long or more.
Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

11






2. Medium carrots (kg). These were the roots measuring 13.0 to 14.0 cm.
3. Small carrots (kg). These were the weight of roots smaller than 13.0 cm long.

B. Postharvest Quality

1. Shelf life (days). Two big, three medium and three small were used as
representative samples on this shelf-life of carrots. The shelf-life was done by counting the
number of days from storing the samples to the onset of senescence (e.g. rotting of the
carrots, discoloration and deformation of carrots).
2. Weight loss (%). This was done by weighing the fresh weight of the carrots to
be stored and after the carrot was stored 15 days. The percent weight loss was computed
using the formula below:

% Wt. loss = W1 - W2 x 100



W2





Where: W1 - Initial weight




W2 – Final weight
3. Sugar Content (oBrix). The sugar content of the carrot was done by extracting
juice of the carrot using the juicer equipment. This was determined using Refractometer
Method.

C. Soil Analysis
Chemical Properties of the Soil

Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-30 cm from all the treatment plots for
analysis of the chemical properties of the soil before and after the study.
Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

12






1. Soil pH (Electrometric Method). Ten grams air dried soil samples were
placed into a 10 ml beaker. Then 20-ml of 0.1M CaCl2 was added and stirred thoroughly
for a period of 15 to 30 minutes. The pH meter was calibrated with the use of standard
buffer solution pH 7.0. The samples were stirred again and its pH was determined
immediately to the nearest 0.1 pH unit. The glass electrode was washed with distilled
water and wiped with tissue after each use.
2. Soil organic matter (%). This was analyzed using the Walkley-Black Method.
One gram air dried soil (passed into also 5 mm mesh sieve) was placed in a 500 ml flask
with 10-ml of 1N K2Cr2O7 solution. Then 20-ml of sulfuric acid reagent was added
rapidly. It was mixed thoroughly and allowed to react for 30 minutes. The reaction
mixtures were diluted with 200-ml distilled water and 10-ml phosphoric acid solution
was added. Then 1-ml of diphenylamine indicator was added. The solution was titrated
with standard FeSO4 solution to a brilliant green color. The percent organic matter
content of the soil was computed using the following formula:
OM (%) = 6.9 (S-T)
S
Where:
6.9 – constant


S – ml for ferrous solution required for the blank


T – Volume of ferrous solution required for the sample.
3. Nitrogen content (%). The total nitrogen content of the soil was based from
organic matter content of the soil. This was computed by using the formula below:
% N = OM content x 0.05


Where: 0.05 = conversion factor (constant)
Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

13






4. Phosphorus content of the soil (ppm). The Bray No. 2 Method was used to
determine this. A 2.85 gram crushed and sieved soil was weighed and placed into a 250-
ml Erlenmeyer flask. 20-ml of the extraction solution (0.03 N NH4F in 0.1 N HCl) from a
pipette was added. The mixture was covered and shaken for one minute. The suspension
was filtered immediately in Whatman No. 42 filter paper held in a filter tube. The filtrate
should be clear. If not the solution should be quickly poured back through the same filter
paper. A 5-ml aliquot of the clear filter was transferred into a 25-ml Volumetric Flask
after the 1-ml had previously been discarded to rinse the pipette. 7.5-ml boric acid, 5-ml
ammonium molybdate reagent were added and then mixed. Finally, add 2.5 ml of freshly
diluted stannous chloride reagent was added with immediate mixing. The mixture was
volumed with distilled water. After 5-6 minutes it was transferred into cuvete and
immediately placed into the spectrophotometer for readings. The P-standards were made
up in the range of 0.1 to 1 ppm P. Through the same steps as in the procedure including
5-ml of the extracting solution in each 25-ml final volume, a reagent blank was made
with each series of determination and is employed for the 100 percent transmittance
setting. The phosphorus content (ppm P) was computed using the formula:



ppm P = ppm P of the soil solution x 25 x 20






5 2.85
5. Potassium (K) content of the soil (ppm). This was determined using Flame
Photometer method. A four gram crushed and sieved soil was weighed and placed into
250-ml Erlenmeyer flask. 20-ml of the extraction solution (ammonium acetate) from a
pipette was added. This was covered and shaken for 5-minutes. The suspension was
filtered immediately in Whatman No. 40 filter paper held in a filter tube. The filtrate
Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

14






should be clear. If not, the solution should be quickly poured back through the same filter
paper. The K-standards were made. The potassium content were read using the Flame
Photometer. The available potassium content (ppm K) was computed using the formula:

ppm K = ppm K of the soil solution x 20






4


The data gathered were statistically analyzed using the ANOVA. The significance
between treatment means were analyzed using the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test
(DMRT).




























Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

15







RESULTS AND DISCUSSION


Marketable Yield

Effect of rates of potassium. The marketable yields of carrots were significantly
affected by the application of different rates of potassium (Table 1). Application of 90
kg/ha K2O using 0-0-60 gave the heaviest marketable yield (16.6 kg/5m2) compared to
other potassium rates including the control (no fertilizer). It differed significantly from
the rest of the treatments. The result implies that application of 90 kg K2O / ha enhanced
the highest yield of carrot plants. Baksh and Khattak, (1986) as cited by Balantan, (2002)
found that applying KCl resulted to higher stem diameter and increased yield of potato
plants than those applied with KNO3.
Potassium plays an important role in obtaining high yield in potato because it is
involved in carbohydrate metabolism and generally involved in metabolic processes like
the translocation of sugars from one meristematic tissue to the other (Devlin, 1977 as
cited by Diong-an, 2006).
Effect of kinds of organic fertilizer. Application of 5 tons/ha chicken dung
produced the highest marketable yield of carrots (18.3 kg/5m2) (Table 1). The result
conforms with the study of Dangsian (2004) and Palasi (2008) that plots applied with
chicken manure produced the highest plant yield. These effects on yield were attributed
to the manure that contains essential plant nutrients as well as some trace elements not
generally found in chemical fertilizers (Jones, 1982). With this application of 5 tons/ha
chicken dung enhanced the higher yield of carrot plants.

Interaction effect. There were no interaction effect between the different rates of
potassium and kinds of organic fertilizers on the marketable yield of carrots. However, it
Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

16






was noted that carrot plants grown in plots fertilized with 90 kg K2O/ha in combination
with 5 tons/ha chicken dung has the highest carrot yield with a mean of 19.3 kg/5m2.


Table 1. Marketable yield of carrots as affected by different rates of potassium
and organic fertilizers










MEAN
TREATMENT







(kg/5m2)

Rates of Potassium (K2O)

K1
No Potassium Fertilizer (Control)


12.2c

K2
80 kg K2O / ha





14.9b

K3
90 kg K2O / ha





16.6a

K4 100 kg K2O / ha





14.9b

Kinds of Organic Fertilizer

O1
No Organic Fertilizer (Control)



9.9c

O2
20 tons / ha Vermicompost



14.8b

O3
20 tons / ha Wild Sunflower



15.5b

O4
5 tons / ha Chicken Dung




18.3a

O5
10 tons / ha Hog Manure




15.2b

Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level DMRT.









Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

17






Total Yield


Effects of rates of potassium. The total yield was affected by different rates of
potassium as shown in Table 2. Application of 90 kg K2O / ha obtained the highest total
yield with a mean of 17.25 kg/5m2. It differed significantly from the other treatments. As
the rate increase, the yield decrease.

Binawe, (1982) as cited by Diong-an, (2006) found that there is usually a point
wherein additional fertilizer do not increase yield.
Effect of kinds of organic fertilizer. The different kinds of organic fertilizer
affected the total yield of carrot (Table 2). Application of 5 tons/ha chicken dung had the
highest yield (19.16 kg/5m2) which differed with plants grown in plots applied with
other organic fertilizer including the unfertilized plot (control). This could be attributed to
the higher nutrient contents of chicken manure (5% N, 5% P2O5-K2O) as compared to the
other organic fertilizers. This also conforms with several findings on crops stating that
increasing the level of organic fertilizer applied such as chicken manure enhanced the
tuber formation and yield (Javar, 2003 and Brady and Buckman, 1974).
Interaction effect. Application of different rates of potassium in combination with
organic fertilizer did not affect the total carrot yield. However, plants grown in soils
applied with 80 kg K2O / ha in combination with 5 tons/ha chicken dung gave the highest
total yield with a mean of 21.0 kg/5m2.







Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

18






Table 2. Total yield of carrots as affected by different rates of potassium and organic
fertilizers










MEAN
TREATMENT







(kg/5m2)

Rates of Potassium (K2O)

K1
No Potassium Fertilizer (Control)


12.9c

K2
80 kg K2O / ha





15.8b

K3
90 kg K2O / ha





17.3a

K4 100 kg K2O / ha





15.7b

Kinds of Organic Fertilizer

O1
No Organic Fertilizer (Control)



10.5c

O2
20 tons / ha Vermicompost



15.4b

O3
20 tons / ha Wild Sunflower



16.1b

O4
5 tons / ha Chicken Dung




19.2a

O5
10 tons / ha Hog Manure




15.7b
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level DMRT.


Dry Matter Content

Effect of rates of potassium. The different rates of potassium did not affect the
dry matter content of the carrots (Table 3). Nevertheless, carrot plants grown in
unfertilized plots (control) had the highest dry matter content with a mean of 11.33 %
which did not significantly differed from the other rates of potassium. It could be noted
that increasing the rates of potassium from 80 – 100 kg/ha decreases the dry matter
contents of carrots.
Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

19






Effects of kinds of organic fertilizer. Dry matter content of carrot was not
significantly affected by the different kinds of organic fertilizer as shown in Table 3.
Nevertheless, plants applied with 5 tons/ha chicken dung had the highest dry matter
content with a mean of 11.37% which did not differ from the other organic fertilizer
including the control. Among the organic fertilizer, application of 10 ton/ha hog manure
gave the lowest dry matter content of carrots.
Interaction effect. There were no interaction effects of different rates of potassium
and kinds of organic fertilizer on the dry matter content of carrot. However, it was
observed that carrot grown in plots without potassium (control) and 10 tons/ha hog
manure had the highest dry matter content of 11.79%.


Weights of Classified Carrot Roots

Big Carrots

Effects of rates of potassium. The weight of big carrots was affected by the
application of different rates of potassium. Plants grown in plots applied with 90 kg
K2O/ha using 0-0-60 had the heaviest weight of 11.07 kg/5m2. It differed significantly
from the other rates of potassium and unfertilized plots (control) with the lowest mean of
7.94 kg/5m2.
Size of tubers was reported to be enhanced by potassium by increasing the
proportion of large tubers relative to small ones. Potassium promotes large size of potato
by increasing water accumulation in tubers resulting to lower dry matter content and
specific gravity (Baksh and Khattak, 1986 as cited by Diong-an, 2006).


Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

20






Table 3. Dry matter content of carrots as affected by different rates of potassium and
organic fertilizers










MEAN
TREATMENT







(%)

Rates of Potassium (K2O)

K1
No Potassium Fertilizer (Control)


11.3a

K2
80 kg K2O / ha





10.9a

K3
90 kg K2O / ha





10.5a

K4 100 kg K2O / ha





10.3a

Kinds of Organic Fertilizer

O1
No Organic Fertilizer (Control)



10.7a

O2
20 tons / ha Vermicompost



10.6a

O3
20 tons / ha Wild Sunflower



10.8a

O4
5 tons / ha Chicken Dung




11.4a

O5
10 tons / ha Hog Manure




10.4a

Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level DMRT.


Effect of kinds of organic fertilizer. The weight of big carrots was affected by the
application of different kinds organic fertilizer as shown in Table 4. The weight of big
carrot was heavier from plots applied with 5 ton/ha chicken dung with a mean of 12.08
kg/5m2 as compared to the other organic fertilizer treatments including the control. This
result conforms with the report of findings of Toledo (1982) and Lingaling (2006) that
plants grown in plots with chicken manure matured earlier that resulted in the production
of heavier big carrots.
Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

21






Interaction effect. Application of different rates of potassium and kinds of
organic fertilizer did not affect the weight of big carrots. However, it was noted that
plants grown in plots applied with 90 kg K2O / ha and 5 tons/ha chicken dung produced
the heaviest big carrots with a mean of 13.1 kg/5m2.

Medium Carrots

Effect of rates of potassium. Application of different rates of potassium affected
the weights of medium carrots as shown in Table 4. Heaviest weight of medium carrots
was obtained in plants grown in plots applied with 90 kg K2O / ha with a mean of 3.98
kg/5m2. It differed significantly from the other rates including the control.
Effect of kinds of organic fertilizer. The weight of medium carrot was affected by
different kinds of organic fertilizer application as shown in Table 4. Heaviest weight of
medium carrot was obtained in plants grown in plots applied with 5 tons/ha chicken dung
compared to other organic fertilizers including the control. It could be noted that
application of vermicompost (20 tons/ha), wild sunflower (20 tons/ha) and hog manure
(10 tons/ha) can also improve the weight of medium carrots
Interaction effect. There were no effects of different rates of potassium and kinds
of organic fertilizer combinations on the weights of medium carrots. However, it was
noted that plants applied with 90 kg K2O / ha in combination with 5 tons/ha chicken dung
produced the highest weight of medium carrots with a mean of 4.97 kg/5m2.

Small carrots

Effect of rates of potassium. The weight of small carrots was not affected by the
application of different rates of potassium as shown in Table 4. Nevertheless, that plants
Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

22






grown in plots applied with 80 kg K2O/ha had the heaviest weight of small carrot with a
mean of 1.9 kg/5m2 as compared to the other rates including the control.
Effect of kinds of organic fertilizer. Application of different organic fertilizer did
not affect the weights of small carrots as shown in Table 4. Plants grown in plots applied
with 5 tons/ha chicken dung produced the heaviest small carrots with a mean of 1.8
kg/5m2 compared to the other organic fertilizer treatments including the control.
Interaction effect. There were no interaction effects between rates of potassium
and kinds of organic fertilizer on the weight of small carrots. However, it was observed
that plants grown in plots applied with 80 kg K2O / ha and 5 tons/ha chicken dung
produced the heaviest small carrots with a mean of 2.3 kg/5m2.























Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

23






Table 4. Weight of big, medium and small carrots as affected by different rates of
potassium and organic fertilizers








MEAN (kg/5m2)
TREATMENT



BIG MEDIUM SMALL

Rates of Potassium (K2O)

K1
No Potassium Fertilizer (Control) 7.9c 2.9c
1.4a

K2
80 kg K2O / ha


9.5b
3.6b
1.9a

K3
90 kg K2O / ha


11.1a
4.0a
1.5a




K4 100 kg K2O / ha


9.8b
3.5b
1.6a

Kinds of Organic Fertilizer

O1
No Organic Fertilizer (Control)
6.6c
2.0c
1.3a

O2
20 tons / ha Vermicompost
9.3b
3.8b
1.7a

O3
20 tons / ha Wild Sunflower
10.1b
3.7b
1.6a

O4
5 tons / ha Chicken Dung

12.1a
4.4a
1.8a

O5
10 tons / ha Hog Manure

9.8b
3.7b
1.7a

Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level DMRT.


Postharvest Quality of Carrots

Shelf-life
Effect of rates of potassium. The shelf-life of carrots under ambient room
condition as affected by different rates of potassium is shown in Table 5. Application of
different rates of potassium did not affect the shelf-life of carrots. Nevertheless, it was
observed that plants grown in plots applied with 100 kg K2O / ha had the longest shelf-
Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

24






life with a mean of 15 days. It could be noted that increasing the rates of potassium from
80 – 100 kg/ha will also increase the shelf-life of carrots.
Effect of kinds of organic fertilizer. Application of different kinds of organic
fertilizer significantly affected the shelf-life of carrot under ambient room condition
(Table 5). Plants grown in plots applied with 5 tons/ha chicken dung had the longest
shelf-life with a mean of 15 days. It did not differ from the 20 tons/ha vermicompost and
20 tons/ha wild sunflower with means of 14.92 days, 14.92 days respectively. Plants
grown in plots applied with 10 tons/ha hog manure and the unfertilized plots (control)
with means of 14.33 days and 13.25 days had the lowest shelf-life. This result conforms
with the study of Lingaling (2006) that organic matter helps prolong the storage life of
carrots. Moreover, organic fertilizer prolongs the storage life of different crops such as
cabbage, tomato and bush beans (Lubangas 1996).
Interaction effect. There were no interaction effects of different rates of
potassium and kinds of organic fertilizer on the shelf-life of carrots. Plants grown in plots
applied with 90 kg/ha K2O and 20 tons/ha wild sunflower had the longest shelf-life with a
mean of 16.33 days.







Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

25






Table 5. Shelf-life of carrots as affected by different rates of potassium and kinds of
organic fertilizers










MEAN
TREATMENT







(days)

Rates of Potassium (K2O)

K1
No Potassium Fertilizer (Control)


14.33a

K2
80 kg K2O / ha





14.33a

K3
90 kg K2O / ha





14.53a

K4 100 kg K2O / ha





14.73a

Kinds of Organic Fertilizer

O1
No Organic Fertilizer (Control)



13.25c

O2
20 tons / ha Vermicompost



14.92a

O3
20 tons / ha Wild Sunflower



14.92a

O4
5 tons / ha Chicken Dung




15.00a

O5
10 tons / ha Hog Manure




14.33b

Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level DMRT.


Percent Weight Loss

Effect of rates of potassium. The percent weight loss of carrots was affected by
the application of different rates of potassium (Table 6). Plants grown in plots applied
with 80 kg/ha K2O had the highest percent weight loss with a mean of 48.08%. However,
the weight loss did not differ from the other treatments including the control.
Effect of kinds of organic fertilizer. Application of different kinds organic
fertilizer affected the percent weight loss of carrots (Table 6). Among the organic
Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

26






fertilizers, the plants grown in plots applied with 20 tons/ha wild sunflower had the
highest percent weight loss with a mean of 45.50 %. It was noted that the lowest weight
losses of carrot roots stored under ambient conditions were obtained from plants grown in
plots applied with 20 tons/ha vermicompost. While the carrots from unfertilized plots had
the highest percent weight loss of 54.8 %. This implies that the shorter the shelf-life the
higher the percent weight loss. These results also conform with the findings of Lingaling
(2006) that the unfertilized carrots had the highest percentage weight loss.
Interaction effect. There were no interaction effects of different rates of
potassium and kinds of organic fertilizer application on the weight loss of carrots.
However, it was observed that plants grown in plots applied with 80 kg/ha K2O and 20
tons/ha vermicompost had the lowest percent weight loss with a mean of 42.91%
compared to the other treatment combinations including the control.

Sugar Content

Effect of rates of potassium. Table 7 shows the effect of rates of potassium on the
sugar content of carrots. The rates of potassium affect the sugar content of carrots. Plants
grown in plots applied with 100 kg K2O/ha had the highest sugar content with a mean of
8.16oBrix. The result conforms with the report of Tisdale and Nelson, (1975) as cited by
Raymundo (2002) that potassium helps in the translocation of sugars and starch,
increases protein content of the crop that maintains turgidity that reduces weight loss and
wilting. This also implies that the higher the potassium uptake the higher sugar content
released by the crop. Increasing the rates of potassium from 80 – 100 kg/ha resulted to
increased the sugar contents from 6.22oBrix to 8.16oBrix.

Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

27






Table 6. Percent weight loss of carrots as affected by different rates of potassium and
organic fertilizers











MEAN
TREATMENT







(%)

Rates of Potassium (K2O)

K1
No Potassium Fertilizer (Control)


47.93a

K2
80 kg K2O / ha





48.08a

K3
90 kg K2O / ha





47.23a

K4 100 kg K2O / ha





45.07a

Kinds of Organic Fertilizer

O1
No Organic Fertilizer (Control)



54.58a

O2
20 tons / ha Vermicompost



44.86b

O3
20 tons / ha Wild Sunflower



45.50b

O4
5 tons / ha Chicken Dung




45.03b

O5
10 tons / ha Hog Manure




45.42b

Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level DMRT.


Effect of kinds of organic fertilizer. Application of different kinds of organic
fertilizers did not affect the sugar content of carrots. Nevertheless, plants grown in plots
applied with 20 tons/ha vermicompost had the highest sugar content but did not differ
from the other organic fertilizers applied. This conforms with the report of Moriconi,
1989 as cited by Tomilas (1996) that the slow release of nitrogen contained in organic
fertilizers result in a lower protein and a higher sugar content which account for a better
taste in plants.
Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

28






Interaction effect. There were no interaction effects of different rates of
potassium and kinds of organic fertilizer application on the sugar contents of carrots.
However, it was observed that plants grown in plots applied with 100 kg/ha and 20
tons/ha vermicompost had the highest sugar content of carrots with a mean of 8.54oBrix.
The result implies that application of potassium and vermicompost increase the sugar
content of carrots.

Table 7. Sugar content of carrots as affected by different rates of potassium and organic
fertilizers










MEAN
TREATMENT







(oBrix)

Rates of Potassium (K2O)

K1
No Potassium Fertilizer (Control)


5.19b

K2
80 kg K2O / ha





6.22b


K3
90 kg K2O / ha





6.80ab

K4 100 kg K2O / ha





8.16a

Kinds of Organic Fertilizer

O1
No Organic Fertilizer (Control)



6.41a

O2
20 tons / ha Vermicompost



6.85a

O3
20 tons / ha Wild Sunflower



6.81a

O4
5 tons / ha Chicken Dung




6.46a

O5
10 tons / ha Hog Manure




6.43a

Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level DMRT.


Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

29






Chemical Properties of the Soil


Soil pH

Effects of rates of potassium. The soil pH after harvest as affected by different
rates of potassium is shown in Table 8. Results show that application of different rates of
potassium did not influence the soil pH. It could be noted that application of potassium at
different rates lowered the pH from the initial value of 5.8 (Table 8). It was noted that
soils applied with 100 kg K2O per hectare had the lowest pH with a mean of 4.9 which
did not differ from the other rates including the control.
Effect of kinds of organic fertilizer. The different kinds of organic fertilizer
applied did not affect the pH of the soil after harvest (Table 8). The initial pH of the soil
(5.8) markedly decreased when applied with different organic fertilizers. It was observed
that soils applied with 20 tons per/ha vermicompost had the lowest pH of (4.8). Nelson
and Tisdale (1976) claimed that continued use of nitrogenous (acid-forming) fertilizer
materials will lead to soil acidity and reduces yield of crops.
Interaction effect. The application of different rates of potassium and kinds of
organic fertilizer did not influence the pH of the soil after harvest. However, the lowest
pH was registered from the soils applied with 100 kg K2O / ha in combination with 20
tons/ha vermicompost (4.6).





Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

30






Table 8. Soil pH as affected by different rates of potassium and different organic
fertilizers












TREATMENT







MEAN

Rates of Potassium (K2O)

K1
No Potassium Fertilizer (Control)


5.0a

K2
80 kg K2O / ha





5.1a

K3
90 kg K2O / ha





5.1a

K4 100 kg K2O / ha





4.9a

Kinds of Organic Fertilizer

O1
No Organic Fertilizer (Control)



4.9b

O2
20 tons / ha Vermicompost



4.8b

O3
20 tons / ha Wild Sunflower



5.1ab

O4
5 tons / ha Chicken Dung




5.2ab

O5
10 tons / ha Hog Manure




5.3a
________________________________________________________________________

INITIAL VALUE







5.8
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level DMRT.


Organic Matter Content of the Soil
Effect of rates of potassium. Table 9 shows the initial and final organic matter
contents of the soil. The organic matter content of the soil after harvest was influenced by
rates of potassium application. Soils applied with 80 kg/ha K2O has the highest organic
matter content of 2.66% but did not differ from those applied with 90 and 100 kg/ha K2O
with means of 2.58% and 2.65% respectively. It could be noted that application of
Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

31






potassium increased the organic matter content from 2.01% (initial) to a range of 2.58 to
2.66 %.










Effects of kinds of organic fertilizer. Application of different kind of organic
fertilizers increased the organic matter contents of the soil as shown in Table 9.
Application of 20 tons/ha vermicompost had the highest mean of 2.85%. It was noted that
soils applied with different organic fertilizers increased the organic matter contents over
the initial value (2.01%). This conforms with the study of Lacay (2008) and Lagman
(2003) which state that vermicompost has high organic matter content. Also with the
earlier findings of Lingaling (2006), Olangey (2000), Sheller (2000) and Tomilas (1996)
on the effects of different organic materials added on the final organic matter content of
the soil.









Interaction effect. Application of different rates of potassium and kinds of organic
fertilizer in combination did not influence the organic matter content of the soil.
However, soils applied with 80 kg K2O / ha in combination with 20 tons/ha
vermicompost registered the highest organic matter content of the soil after harvest with a
mean of 2.93%.

Nitrogen Content of the Soil
Effect of rates of potassium. The nitrogen content of the soil after harvest was
affected by rates of potassium application as shown in Table 10. Soils applied with 80 kg
K2O / ha had the highest nitrogen content of 0.135% which does not differ from 100 kg
K2O/ha with a mean of 0.133% but differ from the 90 kg K2O / ha and the control with
means of 0.128% and 0.117%, respectively.


Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

32






Table 9. Organic matter content of the soil as affected by different rates of potassium and
organic fertilizers










MEAN
TREATMENT







(%)

Rates of Potassium (K2O)

K1
No Potassium Fertilizer (Control)


2.34b

K2
80 kg K2O / ha





2.66a

K3
90 kg K2O / ha





2.58ab

K4 100 kg K2O / ha





2.65a

Kinds of Organic Fertilizer

O1
No Organic Fertilizer (Control)



2.06c

O2
20 tons / ha Vermicompost



2.85a

O3
20 tons / ha Wild Sunflower



2.66ab

O4
5 tons / ha Chicken Dung




2.55b

O5
10 tons / ha Hog Manure




2.68ab
________________________________________________________________________

INITIAL VALUE







2.01
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level DMRT.

Effect of kinds of organic fertilizer. Application of different kinds of organic
fertilizers affected the nitrogen content of the soil after harvest. Application of organic
fertilizer increased the nitrogen content of the soil over the initial value of 0.101% as
shown in Table 10. Soils applied with 20 tons/ha vermicompost had the highest nitrogen
content of 0.143%. This result implies that as the organic matter content of the soil
increased the nitrogen also increased.





Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

33







Interaction effect. There were no interaction effects of different rates of potassium
and kinds of organic fertilizer on the nitrogen content of the soil. However, soils applied
with 80 kg K2O /ha and 20 tons/ha vermicompost had the highest nitrogen content of the
soil after harvest with a mean of 0.150%.

Table 10. Nitrogen content of the soil as affected by different rates of potassium and
organic fertilizers










MEAN
TREATMENT







(%)

Rates of Potassium (K2O)

K1
No Potassium Fertilizer (Control)


0.117b

K2
80 kg K2O / ha





0.135a

K3
90 kg K2O / ha





0.128ab

K4 100 kg K2O / ha





0.133a

Kinds of Organic Fertilizer

O1
No Organic Fertilizer (Control)



0.103c

O2
20 tons / ha Vermicompost



0.143a

O3
20 tons / ha Wild Sunflower



0.134ab

O4
5 tons / ha Chicken Dung




0.128b

O5
10 tons / ha Hog Manure




0.133ab
________________________________________________________________________

INITIAL VALUE







0.101
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level DMRT.




Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

34






Phosphorus Content of the Soil
Effect of rates of potassium. The phosphorus content of the soil after harvest was
affected by rates of potassium fertilizer application (Table 11). Differences among the
treatments were noted. There were varying percentage increases of 105.18, 122.78 and
130.25% on the phosphorus contents of the soil in plots applied with 80 to 100 kg/ha K2O
over the control. It was observed that plots applied with 100 kg K2O per hectare had the
highest phosphorus content of the soil with a mean of 396.3 ppm.
Effect of kinds of organic fertilizer. Phosphorus content of the soil was affected
by different kinds of organic fertilizer applied (Table 11). Increased of phosphorus was
obtained from plots applied with 10 tons/ha hog manure and 5 tons/ha chicken manure.
The increase may be attributed to the effects of P-contents of the different organic
fertilizer and to the initial P in the soil. This result also conforms to the study of Lingaling
(2006) that animal manure such as hog manure and chicken manure increased the
phosphorus content of the soil. While decreased phosphorus content of the soil was
observed from the plots applied with 20 tons/ha vermicompost, 20 tons/ha wild sunflower
and the control over the initial value (338.6 ppm). These results may be attributed to the
plant uptake.
Interaction effect. Application of different rates of potassium and kinds of
organic fertilizer affected the phosphorus contents of the soil at harvest. Application of 80
kg K2O / ha in combination with 10 tons/ha hog manure had higher P-content with a
mean of 787.58 ppm. The result implies that application of 80 kg K2O per hectare in
combination with 10 tons per hectare hog manure increase the phosphorus content of the
soil from the initial (338.60ppm).
Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

35







K1
K2
K3
K4
800
a
a
a
700
600
500
b b
Rates of
b
Potassi 4
um 00
bc
300
c
c
c
c
c
cd
200
cd
d
d
d
e
de
de
100
0
O1
O2
O3
O4
O5
Kinds of Organic Fertilizers

Figure 1. Available phosphorus content of the soil (ppm)









Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

36






Table 11. Phosphorus content of then soil as affected by different rates of potassium and
organic fertilizers










MEAN
TREATMENT







(ppm)

Rates of Potassium (K2O)

K1
No Potassium Fertilizer (Control)


169.9c

K2
80 kg K2O / ha





348.6b

K3
90 kg K2O / ha





378.5ab

K4 100 kg K2O / ha





396.3a

Kinds of Organic Fertilizer

O1
No Organic Fertilizer (Control)



208.5c

O2
20 tons / ha Vermicompost



317.0c

O3
20 tons / ha Wild Sunflower



256.1d

O4
5 tons / ha Chicken Dung




372.3b

O5
10 tons / ha Hog Manure




462.8a
________________________________________________________________________

INITIAL VALUE







338.60
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level DMRT.


Potassium Content of the Soil


Rates of potassium. The potassium contents of the soil after harvest were affected
by application of different rates of potassium (Table 12). Soil applied with different rates
of potassium from 80 to 100 kg/ha K2O increased the potassium contents of 26.02, 29.47
and 39.94%, respectively over the control. The increases could be attributed to the
Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

37






potassium applied at different rates in the form of 0-0-60 (KCl) where the fertilizer reacts
with soil.
Effect of kinds of organic fertilizer. Application of organic fertilizer did not affect
the potassium contents of the soil. Nevertheless, soil applied with 5 tons/ha chicken dung
had the highest potassium content of the soil. Decreased potassium contents of the soil
was noted in some of the treatments over the initial value of 374.50 ppm. These result
maybe attributed to the absorption of potassium by the plants for starch formation and
translocation of sugars used in the development of storage root.
Interaction effect. There were no interaction effect of different rates of potassium
and kinds organic fertilizer on the potassium contents of the soil. However, soils applied
with 90 kg K2O/ha in combination with 5 tons/ha chicken dung had the highest potassium
content with a mean of 544.25 ppm.






















Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

38






Table 12. Potassium content of the soil as affected by different rates of potassium and
organic fertilizers










MEAN
TREATMENT







(ppm)

Rates of Potassium (K2O)

K1
No Potassium Fertilizer (Control)


295.2b

K2
80 kg / ha K2O





372.0a

K3
90 kg / ha K2O





382.2a

K4 100 kg / ha K2O





395.4a

Kinds of Organic Fertilizer

O1
No Organic Fertilizer (Control)



345.9a

O2
20 tons / ha Vermicompost



357.8a

O3
20 tons / ha Wild Sunflower



368.0a

O4
5 tons / ha Chicken Dung




381.7a

O5
10 tons / ha Hog Manure




352.5a
________________________________________________________________________

INITIAL VALUE







373.5
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level DMRT.


Return on Investment



The rates of potassium and organic fertilization on the ROI of carrots are
presented in Table 13. Application of 90 kg K2O /ha in combination with 5 tons/ha
chicken dung had the highest ROI of 87.69 %. While the lowest ROI was obtained from
the unfertilized soil. This results means that for every peso investment there is 87.69
centavo return. This result implies that application of 90 kg K2O per hectare in
Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

39






combination with 5 tons per hectare chicken dung shown the best rates of potassium and
organic fertilizer to use in the growing of carrot it has more return of investment. This
high ROI is attributed to high yield of individual plots during the conduct of the study.

Table 13. Return of investment (ROI) as affected by rates of potassium and organic
fertilizer application











ROI
TREATMENT







(%)

K1O1








-26.58
K1O2








-16.36
K1O3








34.69
K1O4








53.30
K1O5








29.07

K2O1








6.51
K2O2








12.30
K2O3








43.25
K2O4








84.27
K2O5







45.95

K3O1








11.08
K3O2







23.77
K3O3








79.82
K3O4







87.69
K3O5






67.57

K4O1








3.02
K4O2








7.13
K4O3








20.80
K4O4








37.40
K4O5








57.57








Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

40







SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION


Summary


The study was conducted to determine the effect of different rates of potassium
and kinds of organic fertilizer on the yield and quality of carrots (Daucus carota) cv.
New Kuroda. Specifically, to determine: (1) the effect of different rates of potassium and
organic fertilizer on the yield and quality of carrots, (2) the postharvest quality of carrots
fertilized with potassium and organic fertilizer, and (3) the effect of potassium and
organic fertilizer on some chemical properties of the soil.

The study was conducted at the experimental area of Department of Soil Science,
College of Agriculture, Benguet State University, La Trinidad Benguet from November
2008 to April 2009.
Effect of potassium. Application of different rates of potassium significantly
affected the marketable yield and total yield of carrots, weights of big and medium
carrots. In terms of postharvest quality of carrots it also significantly affected the sugar
content only. It also significantly affected the organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium content of the soil except soil pH.
Effect of organic fertilizer. Application of organic fertilizer also significantly
affected the marketable and total yield of carrots except dry matter yield, weights of big,
medium carrots. Postharvest quality in terms of percent weight loss and shelf-life of
carrots was significantly affected. Organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus content of the
soil were also increased except potassium content and soil pH.


Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

41







Interaction effect. Different rates of potassium and kinds of organic fertilizer
significantly affected the phosphorus content of the soil but not on yield and quality of
carrots

Conclusion


Based on the results, application of 90 kg K2O and 5 tons/ha chicken dung
produced high yield of carrots.

Recommendation


From the results, application of 90 kg K2O/ha and 5 tons/ha chicken dung can be
practiced to gain higher yield of carrots. A follow-up study should be done also to further
investigate and verify the effect of potassium and organic fertilizer on carrots.























Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

42







LITERATURE CITED


BAKSH, A. and S. K. KHATTAK. 1986. Textbook of General Horticulture. McGraw-
Hill Book Co., New York. Pp. 343-347.

BALANTAN, O. T. 2002. Potassium uptake of chrysanthemum as affected by kinds
and rates of potassium fertilizers. BS Thesis, Benguet State University, La Trini-
dad, Benguet. P. 17.

BRADY, N. C. and R. R. WEIL 1996. The Nature and Properties of Soil. New York
McMillan Publishing Co. Inc. Pp. 20-25.

BRADY, N.C. AND R.R. WEIL. 2002. Nature and properties of Soil. 13th Edition.

New McMillan Publishing Co. Inc. P. 623.

CAPCAPAN, M.D. 2003. Performance of snap beans applied with new commercial

organic fertilizers. BS Thesis, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.P6

CARANDANG, E.G. 1979. Culture of vegetables, Department of Agriculture and
Natural Resources BAI, Manila. Pp. 20-23.

CID, G.S. 2000. Growth and yield response of cucumber to different organic
fertilizers. BS Thesis Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. P 4.

DANGSIAN, S.P. 2004. Organic fertilizer application and mulching on the yield and
quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) P. 6.

DE LA CRUZ, R.T. 2004. Growing vegetable organically. BAR Research and
Development Digest. Bureau of Agricultural Research Department of
Agriculture. Pp.1-2-9.

DEVLIN, P. C. 1997. Plant Physiology 3rd edition. Von Nustard Co New York. Pp. 90-
358.

DIONG-AN, J.P. 2006. Yield and quality of potato as influenced by rates of potassium
and boron application. BS Thesis Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
P. 12.

JONES, U.S. 1982. Fertilizer and Soil fertility. 2nd Edition. Virginia: Reston Publishing
Co. Pp. 187-218.

LACAY, N.B. 2008. Organic fertilizer application on seed tuber production of potato
(Solanum tuberosum) Variety Igorota (Po3). BS Thesis Benguet State University,
La Trinidad, Benguet. P.7.

Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

43






LAGMAN, C.A. 2003. Performance of selected horticultural crops using formulated
vermicompost as growing medium. BS Thesis, Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet. Pp 56-57.

LAZO, C.B. 2006. Organic fertilization on the post harvest quality of processing potato.
BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. P 30.

LINGALING, S.L. 2006. Organic fertilization on the post harvest quality of carrots
(Daucus carota) CV. New Kuroda. BS Thesis Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet Pp. 3-7

LUBANGAS, G. A. 1996. Influence of fertilizer and variety on some postharvest quality
of tomato. B.S. Thesis, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. P 9.

PACSI, F.D. 2005. Organic-inorganic fertilization and liming on the yield and quality of
cucumber (Cucumis sativa) grown on Kapangan Benguet. BS Thesis Benguet
State University, La Trinidad, Benguet Pp 32-37.

PALASI, B.S. 2008. Organic fertilization on seed production of pole snap beans
(Phaseolus vulgaris var. maroon), BS Thesis, Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet. Pp 32-37 .

Potash Phosphate Industry Research Institute of Canada . 1987. Better crops with plant
food. Pp. 71: 7-39.

RAYMUNDO, C.I. 2002. Effect of different sources and rates of potassium o the post-
harvest quality of chrysanthemum cutflower. BS Thesis Benguet State University,
La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp 11 -12.

SHELLER, R.D. 2000. Organic fertilizer application an mulching on the yield and
quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa). B.S. Thesis, Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet. P30.

SULLIVAN, P. 2003. Organic rice production Retrieved 10 December 2007 from
http://www. attrg.org/attar-pub/rice.htm.

SUN, P.M.A. and S.C. HSIEH. 1992. Sustainable Agriculture for Asia and Pacific
Region P. 61.

TISDALE, G. and NELSON 1975. Soil Fertility and Fertilizers, McMillan Publishing
Co. New York. P 44.

TOLEDO, L.R. 1982. Growth and yield response of white potato to different kinds of
organic matter under greenhouse conditions. B.S. Thesis, Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 11.

Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

44






TOMILAS, M.D. 1996. Response of sweet pea to residual fertility from organic
fertilizer application in clay loam soil. B.S. Thesis, Benguet State Univesity, La
Trinidad, Benguet. P.10











































Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

45







APPENDICES


APPENDIX TABLE 1. Marketable yield (kg/5m2)

TREATMENTS ___________B L O C K _____ TOTAL MEAN
I II III

K1O1 6.6

7.0
8.3
21.9
7.30
K1O2
13.9

10.5
10.2
34.6
11.53
K1O3
12.0

14.6
14.2
40.8
13.60
K1O4
18.0

13.9
15.6
47.5
15.83
K1O5 13.4

14.7
10.8
38.9
12.97

Subtotal
63.9

60.7
59.1
183.7
61.23

K2O1 10.7

11.5
9.8
32.0
10.67
K2O2 16.2 16.0
14.5
46.7
15.57
K2O3 16.5

14.0
13.2
43.7
14.57
K2O4
21.0

19.5
17.0
57.5
19.17
K2O5
14.4

15.6
14.3
44.3
14.77

Subtotal
79.8

77.6
69.1
224.2
74.74

K3O1
11.3

11.6
10.5
33.4
11.13
K3O2
19.9

14.9
16.7
51.5
17.17
K3O3
18.6

18.5
17.8
54.9
18.30
K3O4
19.9

18.6
20.1
58.6
19.53
K3O5
15.6

17.9
17.4
50.9
16.97

Subtotal
85.3

81.5
82.5
249.3
83.1

K4O1 7.8

12.2
11.0
31.0
10.33
K4O2
15.7

14.7
14.2
44.6
14.87
K4O3
16.6

17.8
11.8
46.2
15.40
K4O4
17.7

18.8
17.0
53.5
17.83
K4O5
17.7

16.3
13.9
47.9
15.97
Subtotal
75.5

79.8
67.9
223.2
74.40
BLOCK TOTAL 304.5
299.6
278.6

GRAND TOTAL






880.4
GRAND MEAN








14.7




Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

46






K X O TWO WAY TABLE

TREATMENT K1 K2 K3 K4 TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________


O1
21.9
32.0 33.4
31.0 118.3
9.9


O2
34.6
46.7 51.5
44.6 177.4
14.8

O3
40.8
43.7 59.8
46.2 185.6
15.5

O4

47.5
57.5 58.6
53.5 217.1
18.1

O5
38.9
44.3 50.9
47.9 182.0 15.2
_______________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
183.7
224.2 249.3
223.2
_______________________________________________________________________
MEAN
12.2 14.9 16.6 14.9

14.7





ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE


SOURCE OF
DF

SS

MS
F VALUE Pr > F
VARIANCE
_______________________________________________________________________

BLOCK 2

18.930
9.465

K 3
148.457 49.486 20.4672**
0.0000

O 4
445.126 111.281 46.0260**
0.0000

K X O 12
24.373 2.031 0.8400ns

ERROR 38
91.876
2.418

________________________________________________________________________

TOTAL 59
728.762
** - highly significant






CV = 10.57 %
ns – not significant


Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

47






APPENDIX TABLE 2. Total yield (kg/5m2)

TREATMENT

BLOCK





I
II
III
TOTAL MEAN

K1O1
6.9 7.6
8.6
23.1
7.70
K1O2
14.5 11.1
11.1
36.7
12.23
K1O3
12.3
15.5
15.4
43.2
14.40
K1O4
18.6
14.5
16.5
49.6
16.53
K1O5
14.3
15.6
11.4
41.3
13.77
Subtotal
66.6 64.3
63.0
193.9
64.63

K2O1
11.3
12.1
10.1
33.5
11.17
K2O2
16.5
16.3
15.1
47.9
15.97
K2O3
17.1

14.9
14.4
46.4
15.47
K2O4
22.3

21.1
19.6
63.0
21.00
K2O5
14.7
16.5
14.6
45.8
15.27
Subtotal
81.9 80.9
73.8
236.6
78.87

K3O1
11.9
12.2
11.1
35.2
11.73
K3O2
20.5

15.6
17.3
53.4
17.80
K3O3
19.2

18.8
18.4
56.4
18.80
K3O4
21.1

19.2
21.0
61.3
20.43
K3O5
15.9

18.5
18.0
52.4
17.47
Subtotal
88.6
84.3
85.8
258.7
86.23

K4O1
8.7
13.8
11.9
34.4
11.47
K4O2
16.9

15.3
15.1
47.3
15.77
K4O3
17.5

18.1
12.1
47.7
15.90
K4O4
18.9

19.2
17.9
56.0
18.67
K4O5
18.0

16.9
14.5
49.4
16.47
Subtotal
80.0

83.3
71.5
234.8
78.27
BLOCK TOTAL 317.1 312.8
294.1

GRAND TOTAL






924
GRAND MEAN








15.4










Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

48







K X O TWO WAY TABLE


TREATMENTS K1 K2 K3 K4 TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________


O1

23.1
33.5 35.2 34.4
126.2
10.5


O2

36.7
47.9 53.4 47.3
185.3
15.4

O3

43.2
46.4 56.4 47.7
193.7
16.1

O4

49.6
63.0 61.3 56.0
229.9
19.2

O5

41.3
45.8 52.4 49.4
188.9
15.7
_______________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
193.9
236.6 258.7 234.8



_______________________________________________________________________
MEAN
12.9
15.8 17.3 15.7


15.4




ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE


SOURCE OF
DF

SS

MS
F VALUE Pr > F
VARIANCE
_______________________________________________________________________

BLOCK 2
14.953 7.477


K 3
145.967 48.656 19.3441** 0.0000

O 4
463.687 115.922 46.0871** 0.0000

K X O 12
26.133 2.178 0.8658ns

ERROR 38
95.580 2.515
________________________________________________________________________

TOTAL 59
746.320
** - highly significant CV = 10.30 %
ns – not significant

Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

49







APPENDIX TABLE 4. Dry matter content (%)

TREATMENTS B L O C K TOTAL MEAN
I II III

K1O1
12.30 11.67 9.00

32.97
10.99
K1O2
11.03 11.48
12.27

34.78 11.59
K1O3
10.66 11.88 9.78 32.32 10.77
K1O4 12.62 11.81 10.09 34.52 11.51
K1O5 13.42 11.33 10.62 35.37 11.79

Subtotal 60.03 58.17 51.76 169.96 56.65

K2O1
10.09 11.89 10.28

32.26
10.75
K2O2
10.22
10.41 8.74 29.37 9.79
K2O3 12.77 11.45 10.25 34.47 11.49
K2O4 10.63 12.31 11.28
34.22 11.41
K2O5 12.93 11.85 9.71
34.49
11.50


Subtotal
56.64 57.91
50.26
164.81
54.94

K3O1
10.95 10.57

9.18
30.70
10.23
K3O2
11.63 11.62
8.92
32.17
10.72
K3O3
11.82 11.61
11.42
34.85
10.62
K3O4
11.22 10.40
11.18
32.80
10.93
K3O5
8.60
5.82 11.91
26.33
8.78

Subtotal
54.22
50.02

52.61
156.85
52.28

K4O1
14.06

9.79
8.19
32.04
10.68
K4O2
12.09
9.92
9.00
31.01
10.34
K4O3
8.64

10.98
8.45
28.07
9.37
K4O4
13.35

10.83
10.76
34.94
11.65
K4O5
11.54

8.71
8.23
28.48
9.49
Subtotal
59.68

50.23
44.63
154.54
51.51
BLOCK TOTAL 230.57

216.33
199.26
GRAND MEAN






646.16
GAND TOTAL








10.77





Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

50






K X O TWO WAY TABLE


TREATMENT K1 K2 K3 K4 TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________


O1
32.97
32.26 30.70
32.04
127.97
10.7


O2
34.78 29.37 32.17
31.01
127.33
10.6

O3
32.32
34.47 34.85
28.07
129.71
10.8

O4
34.52
34.22 32.80
34.94
136.48
11.4

O5 35.37 34.49 26.33
28.48
124.67
10.4
_______________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 169.96 164.81 156.85
15.54



_______________________________________________________________________
MEAN 11.3
10.9 10.5
10.3


10.77






ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE


SOURCE OF
DF

SS

MS
F VALUE Pr > F
VARIANCE
_______________________________________________________________________

BLOCK 2

24.575 12.287

K 3 10.172 3.391
1.85ns
0.1546

O 4

6.565 1.641
0.90ns
0.4762

K X O 12

26.224 2.185
1.19ns
0.3233

ERROR 38

69.652 1.833
________________________________________________________________________

TOTAL 59

137.189

ns- not significant






CV = 12.57 %
Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

51






APPENDIX TABLE 5. Weight of big carrot (kg/5m2)


TREATMENTS B L O C K TOTAL MEAN
I II III

K1O1
4.0
5.1

5.2
14.3
4.8
K1O2
9.9

6.0

6.0
21.9
7.3
K1O3
8.2

9.6

9.9
27.7
9.2
K1O4
11.7

8.4

10.5
30.6
10.2
K1O5
9.0

9.6

6.0
24.6
8.2
Subtotal
42.8

38.7
37.6
119.1
39.7

K2O1
7.7

7.5
7.0
22.2
7.4
K2O2
10.2

9.8
8.5
28.5
9.5
K2O3 8.4

8.0
8.7
25.1
8.4
K2O4
12.9

14.4
11.4
38.7
12.9
K2O5
9.3

9.6
9.5
28.4
9.5
Subtotal
48.5

49.3
45.1
142.9
47.6

K3O1
7.5

7.5
7.4
22.4
7.5
K3O2 12.3

10.2
11.3
38.8
11.3
K3O3
12.8

12.3
12.1
37.2
12.4
K3O4
13.0

12.9
13.3
39.2
13.1
K3O5
11.1

10.7
11.7
33.5
11.2
Subtotal

57.7
53.6
55.8
167.1
55.7

K4O1
5.4

7.5
7.2
20.1
6.7
K4O2
9.1

9.6
9.0
27.7
9.2
K4O3
12.6

12.3
6.6
31.5
10.5
K4O4
12.0

12.5
12.0
36.5
12.2
K4O5
10.8

11.4
8.7
30.9
10.3
Subtotal

49.9
53.3
43.5
146.7
48.9
BLOCK TOTAL
198.9
194.9
182.0

GRAND TOTAL






575.8
GRAND MEAN








48.9









Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

52






K X O TWO WAY TABLE


TREATMENTS K1 K2 K3 K4 TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________


O1
14.3 22.2
22.4 20.1
79.0
6.6


O2
21.9 28.5
33.8 27.7
90.0
9.3

O3
27.7
25.1
37.2 31.5
121.5
10.2

O4

30.6 38.7
39.2 36.5
145.0
12.1

O5
24.6 28.4
33.5 30.9
117.4
9.8
_______________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
119.1 142.9
166.1 146.7
_______________________________________________________________________
MEAN
7.9
9.5
11.1 9.8



7.5






ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE


SOURCE OF
DF

SS

MS
F VALUE Pr > F
VARIANCE
_______________________________________________________________________

BLOCK 2
7.137 3.569

K 3
74.437 24.812 16.2313** 0.0000

O 4
187.801 46.950
30.7130 ** 0.0000

K X O 12
21.111 1.759 1.1508ns
0.3513

ERROR 38
58.090 1.529
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 59 348.576

** - highly significant





CV= 12.91%
ns - not significant
Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

53






APPENDIX TABLE 6. Weight of medium carrot (kg/5m2)

TREATMENTS B L O C K TOTAL MEAN
I II III
K1O1 1.4

1.0

1.9

4.3
1.43
K1O2
3.1

3.0

3.3
9.4
3.13
K1O3
3.2

3.2

3.1

9.5
3.13
K1O4
3.9

3.4

3.9

11.2
3.73
K1O5
3.2

2.7

3.6

9.5
3.17
Subtotal
14.8

13.3
15.8
43.9
14.59

K2O1
1.2

2.2

2.2

5.6
1.90
K2O2
4.1

4.4

4.8

13.3
4.43
K2O3
4.2

3.6

3.9

11.7
3.90
K2O4
4.9

4.6

4.7

14.2
4.73
K2O5
2.7

3.9

3.0

9.6
3.20
Subtotal 17.1 18.7 18.6 54.4 18.16

K3O1
2.3

2.6

2.5

7.4

2.47
K3O2
4.0

3.8

4.5

12.3
4.10
K3O3
4.9

3.5

3.9

12.3
4.10
K3O4
5.7

4.2

5.0

14.9
4.97
K3O5 3.6

4.2

5.1

12.9
4.30
Subtotal
20.5 18.3 21.0 59.8 19.93

K4O1 2.1

2.3

2.4

6.8

2.27
K4O2
3.9

3.0

3.4

10.3
3.10
K4O3
3.7

3.4

3.4

10.5
2.50
K4O4
3.6

4.8

4.4

12.8
3.60
K4O5
4.8

3.7

3.4

11.9
3.50
Subtotal
18.1

17.2
17.0
52.3
17.43
BLOCK TOTAL 70.5

67.5
72.4
GRAND TOTAL





210.4
BLOCK TOTAL








3.51











Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

54






K X O TWO WAY TABLE

TREATMENTS K1 K2 K3 K4
TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________


O1

4.3

5.6
7.4 6.8
24.1 2.0


O2

9.4

13.3 12.3 10.3
45.5 3.8

O3
9.5

11.7 12.3 10.5
44.0 3.7

O4
11.2

14.2 14.9 12.8
53.1 4.4

O5

9.5

9.6 12.9 11.9
43.9 3.7
_______________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
43.9
54.4 59.8 52.3


_______________________________________________________________________
MEAN 2.9

3.6
4.0
3.5

3.50

===============================================================




ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE


SOURCE OF
DF

SS

MS
F VALUE Pr > F
VARIANCE
_______________________________________________________________________

BLOCK 2 0.610 0.305

K 3 8.724 2.908 13.3089** 0.0000

O 4 38.507 9.627 44.0587** 0.0000

K X O 12 3.473 0.289 1.3244ns 0.2455

ERROR 38
8.303 0.219
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 59
59.617

** - highly significant






CV = 13.33 %
ns- not significant

Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

55







APPENDIX TABLE 7. Weight of small carrot (kg/5m2)

TREATMENTS B L O C K TOTAL MEAN
I II III

K1O1
1.2

0.9

1.2

3.3

1.1
K1O2
0.9

1.5

0.9

3.3

1.1

K1O3
0.6

1.8

1.2

3.6

1.2
K1O4
2.4

2.1

1.2

5.7

1.9
K1O5
1.2

2.4

1.2

4.8

1.6



Subtotal
6.3

8.7

5.7

20.7
6.9

K2O1
1.8

1.8

0.6

4.2

1.4
K2O2
1.9

1.8

1.2

4.9

1.6
K2O3 3.3

2.4

0.6

6.3

2.1

K2O4
4.2

1.5

1.2

6.9

2.3
K2O5
2.4

2.1

1.8

6.3

2.1

Subtotal
13.6

9.6

5.4

28.6
9.5

K3O1
1.5

1.5

0.6

3.6

1.2
K3O2
3.6

0.9

0.9

5.4

1.8
K3O3
0.9

2.7

1.8

5.4

1.8
K3O4
1.2

1.5

1.8

4.5

1.5
K3O5
0.9

3.0

0.6

4.5

1.5

Subtotal
8.1

9.6

5.7

23.4
7.8

K4O1
0.3

2.4

1.4

4.1

1.4
K4O2
2.7

2.1

1.8

6.6

2.2
K4O3
0.3

2.1

1.8

4.2

1.4
K4O4
2.1

1.5

0.6

4.2

1.4

K4O5
2.1

1.2

1.8

5.1

1.7
Subtotal
7.5

9.3

7.4

24.2
8.1
BLOCK TOTAL 35.5

37.2 24.2
GRAND TOTAL






96.9
GRAND MEAN








1.6






Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

56






K X O TWO WAY TABLE


TREATMENTS K1 K2 K3 K4 TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________


O1

3.3
4.2
3.6
4.1

15.2
1.27


O2

3.3
4.9
5.4
6.6

20.2
1.68

O3

3.6
6.3
5.4
4.2

19.5
1.60

O4

5.7
6.9
4.5
4.2

21.3
1.78

O5

4.8
6.3
4.5
5.1

20.7
1.73
_______________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
20.7
28.6 23.4 24.2
96.9


_______________________________________________________________________
MEAN
1.38
1.91 1.54 1.61


1.60






ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE


SOURCE OF
DF

SS

MS
F VALUE Pr > F
VARIANCE
_______________________________________________________________________

BLOCK 2
4.849
2.425



K 3
2.187
0.729

1.12ns
0.3535

O 4
1.966
0.491

0.75ns
0.5616

K X O 12
3.388
0.282

0.43ns
0.9396

ERROR 38
24.764
0.652
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 59
37.154

ns – not significant CV = 50.14 %

Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

57






APPENDIX TABLE 8. Shelf-life (days)

TREATMENTS B L O C K TOTAL MEAN
I II III

K1O1
13

13

13

39

13.00
K1O2
14
15

15

44

14.67
K1O3
15
14

13

42

14.00
K1O4
15

13

18

46

15.33
K1O5
14

14

16

44

14.67

Subtotal
71

69

75

215
71.67

K2O1
13

13

14

40

13.33
K2O2
15

13

18

46

15.33
K2O3 15

14

14

43

14.33
K2O4
14

15

14

43

14.33
K2O5
16

13

14

43

14.33

Subtotal
73

68

74

215
71.67

K3O1
13

13

14

40

13.33
K3O2
16

14

14

44

14.67
K3O3 15

16

18

49

16.33
K3O4
15

14

15

44

14.67
K3O5
13

14

14

41

13.67

Subtotal
72

71

75

218
72.67

K4O1
14

13

13

40

13.33
K4O2
14

14

17

45

15.00
K4O3
14

14

17

45

15.00
K4O4
16

14

17

47

15.67
K4O5
15

15

14

44

14.67
Subtotal
73

70

78

221
73.67
BLOCK TOTAL 289

278
302
GRAND TOTAL






869
GRAND MEAN








14.48







Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

58






K X O TWO WAY TABLE


TREATMENTS K1 K2 K3 K4 TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________


O1

39
40
40
40

159
13.25


O2

44
46
44
45

179
14.92

O3

42
43
49
45

179
14.92

O4

46
43
44
47

180
15.00

O5

44
43
41
44

172
14.33
_______________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
215
215 218 221
869

_______________________________________________________________________
MEAN
14.33
14.33 14.53 14.73


14.48






ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE


SOURCE OF
DF

SS

MS
F VALUE Pr > F
VARIANCE
_______________________________________________________________________

BLOCK 2

14.433
7.217

K 3

1.650
0.550
0.42ns
0.7425

O 4

26.233
6.558
4.96**
0.0026

K X O 12

14.433
1.213
0.91ns
0.5462

ERROR 38

50.233
1.322
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 59

106.983

** - highly significant


CV = 7.94 %
ns – not significant
Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

59






APPENDIX TABLE 9. Percent weight loss

TREATMENTS B L O C K TOTAL MEAN
I II III

K1O1
57.75

59.90
50.40
168.05
56.02
K1O2
47.10

49.01
41.83
137.94
45.98
K1O3
46.03

45.81
39.73
131.57
43.86
K1O4
48.84

50.18
36.75
135.77
45.26
K1O5
44.22

57.99
43.33
145.54
48.51

Subtotal

K2O1
55.95

55.74
50.51
162.2
54.07
K2O2
43.80

49.91
35.03
128.74
42.91
K2O3
49.87

52.90
44.79
147.56
49.19
K2O4
49.68

46.78
42.61
139.07
46.36
K2O5
45.64

49.81
48.23
143.68
47.89

Subtotal
244.94

255.14
221.17
721.25
240.42

K3O1
56.90

53.80
52.83
163.53
54.51
K3O2
46.43

54.08
38.31
138.82
46.27
K3O3
42.67

50.09
40.82
133.58
44.53
K3O4
42.52

47.23
41.75
131.50
43.83
K3O5
48.42

49.57
43.02
141.01
47.00

Subtotal
236.94

254.77
216.73
708.44
236.14

K4O1
58.10

57.93
45.13
161.16
53.72
K4O2
42.46

51.93
38.38
132.77
44.26
K4O3 43.82

47.98
41.48
133.28
44.43
K4O4
44.44

46.07
43.51
134.02
44.67
K4O5
46.05

53.97
44.79
144.81
48.27
Subtotal
234.87

257.88
213.29
706.04
235.35
BLOCK TOTAL 960.69

1030.68
863.23

GRAND TOTAL






2854.6
GRAND MEAN








47.58







Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

60






K X O TWO WAY TABLE


TREATMENTS K1 K2 K3 K4 TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________


O1
168.05
162.20 163.53 161.16
654.94
54.58


O2
137.94
128.74 138.82
132.77
538.27
44.86

O3
131.57
147.56 133.58
133.28
545.99
45.50

O4
135.77
139.07 131.50
134.02
540.36
45.03

O5
145.54
143.68 141.01
144.81
575.04
45.42
_______________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 718.87
721.25 708.44
706.04
2854.60
_______________________________________________________________________
MEAN 47.93
48.08 47.23
45.07

47.57














ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE


SOURCE OF
DF

SS

MS
F VALUE Pr > F
VARIANCE
_______________________________________________________________________

BLOCK 2
709.806 354.903



K 3
86.778 28.926
1.02ns
0.3934

O 4
847.548 211.887
7.49**
0.0001

K X O 12
217.887 18.157
0.64ns
0.7931

ERROR 38
1074.925 28.287
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 59
2936.944

** - highly significant


CV = 11.30 %
ns – not significant
Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

61






APPENDIX TABLE 10. Sugar content (oBrix)

TREATMENTS B L O C K TOTAL MEAN
I II III

K1O1
5.1 0

5.22 5.10
15.42
5.14
K1O2
5.18

5.17
5.23
15.58
5.19
K1O3
5.21

5.20
5.22
15.63
5.21
K1O4 5.18

5.20
5.24
15.62
5.21
K1O5
5.20
5.20
5.20
15.60
5.20

Subtotal
25.87

25.99
25.99
77.85
25.95

K2O1
5.22

10.20
5.20
20.62
6.87
K2O2
5.21

10.30
5.21
20.72
6.91
K2O3
5.22

5.17
5.20
15.59
5.20
K2O4
10.00

5.20
5.50
20.70
6.90
K2O5
5.22

5.20
5.18
15.67
5.20


Subtotal
30.87

36.07
26.29
93.23
31.08

K3O1
5.20

5.10
10.20
20.50
6.83
K3O2
5.10

5.20
10.00
20.30
6.77
K3O3
5.20
10.00
10.00
25.20
8.40
K3O4
5.22

5.15
5.22
15.59
5.20
K3O5
5.22

5.20
10.00
20.42
6.81

Subtotal
25.94

30.65
45.42
102.02
34.01

K4O1
10.00

5.16
5.20
20.36
6.79
K4O2
5.23
10.30
10.10
25.63
8.54
K4O3
10.00

5.17
10.10
25.27
8.42
K4O4
5.20
10.40
10.00
25.55
8.52
K4O5 10.00

5.15
10.40
25.55
8.52
Subtotal
40.43
36.18
45.80
122.41
40.80
BLOCK TOTAL 123.11
128.89
143.50

GRAND TOTAL






395.5
GRAND MEAN








6.59






Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

62






K X O TWO WAY TABLE


TREATMENTS K1 K2 K3 K4 TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________


O1

15.42
20.62 20.50 20.36 76.90
6.41


O2

15.58
20.72 20.30 25.63
82.23
6.85

O3

15.63
15.59 25.20 25.27
81.69
6.81

O4

15.62
20.70 15.59 25.55
77.46
6.46

O5

15.60
15.67 20.42 25.55
77.24
6.43
_______________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
77.85
93.30 102.01 122.36
395.52

_______________________________________________________________________
MEAN
5.19
6.22 6.80 8.16

6.59






ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE


SOURCE OF
DF

SS

MS
F VALUE Pr > F
VARIANCE
_______________________________________________________________________

BLOCK 2

11.044
5.522


K 3

69.176
23.059
4.81**
0.0062

O 4

2.300
0.575
0.12ns
0.9746

K X O 12

30.560
2.547
0.53ns
0.8810

ERROR 38

182.343
4.799
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 59

295.423

** - highly significant





CV = 33.23 %
ns – not significant
Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

63






APPENDIX TABLE 11. Soil pH

TREATMENTS B L O C K TOTAL MEAN
I II III

K1O1
5.4

4.8

4.1

14.3
4.8
K1O2
5.1

4.7

4.7

14.5
4.8
K1O3
5.1

5.2

4.7

15.0
5.0
K1O4
4.9

5.2

4.6

14.7
4.9
K1O5
6.0

6.2

4.8

17.0
5.7
Subtotal
26.5

26.1
22.9
75.5
25.2

K2O1
6.5

4.4

4.8

15.7
5.2
K2O2
5.0

5.1

5.1

15.2
5.1
K2O3
5.9

4.9

4.5

15.3
5.1
K2O4
6.0

4.9

4.3

15.2
5.1
K2O5
5.3

5.3

4.5

15.1
5.0
Subtotal
28.7

24.6
23.2
76.5
25.5

K3O1
5.4

4.6

4.1

14.1
4.7
K3O2
5.1

5.0

4.4

14.5
4.8
K3O3
5.9

4.8

4.7

15.4
5.1
K3O4
5.8

5.2

5.1

16.1
5.4
K3O5
4.9

5.7

5.2

15.8
5.3
Subtotal
27.1

25.3
23.5
75.9
25.3

K4O1
5.2

4.7

4.4

14.3
4.8
K4O2
5.3

4.2

4.2

13.7
4.6
K4O3
6.0

5.0

4.3

15.3
5.1
K4O4
5.9

5.5

4.8

16.2
5.4
K4O5
4.9

5.3

4.8

15

5.0
Subtotal
27.3

24.7
22.5
74.5 24.8
BLOCK TOTAL 109.6

100.7
92.7

GRAND TOTAL






302.4
GRAND MEAN








5.1










Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

64






K X O TWO WAY TABLE


TREATMENTS K1 K2 K3 K4 TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________


O1

14.3
15.7 14.1 14.3
58.4
4.87



O2

14.5
15.2 14.5 13.7
57.9
4.83

O3

15.0
15.3 15.4 15.3
61.0
5.08

O4

14.7
15.2 16.1 16.2
62.2
5.18

O5

17.0
15.1 15.8 15.0
62.9
5.24
_______________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
75.5
76.5 75.9 74.5
302.4

_______________________________________________________________________
MEAN
5.03
5.10 5.06 4.97


5.1






ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE


SOURCE OF
DF

SS

MS
F VALUE Pr > F
VARIANCE
_______________________________________________________________________

BLOCK 2

7.657
3.829



K 3

0.141
0.047
0.29ns
0.8336

O 4

1.672
0.418
2.56ns
0.0542

K X O 12

2.184
0.182
1.11ns
0.3779

ERROR 38

6210
0.163
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 59

17.864

===============================================================
ns – not significant






CV = 8.02 %
Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

65






APPENDIX TABLE 12. Organic matter content of the soil (%)

TREATMENTS B L O C K TOTAL MEAN
I II III

K1O1
1.13

2.08
2.17
5.38
1.79
K1O2
2.46

3.22
2.33
8.01
2.67
K1O3
2.50

2.43
2.35
7.28
2.43
K1O4
2.17

2.96
2.35
7.48
2.49
K1O5
2.08

2.60
2.27
6.95
2.32

Subtotal
10.34

13.29
11.47
35.1
11.7

K2O1
2.24

1.97
2.35
6.56
2.19
K2O2
3.77

2.51
2.51
8.79
2.93
K2O3
2.77

2.95
2.51
8.23
2.74
K2O4
2.6

2.50
2.44
7.54
2.51
K2O5
2.56

3.36
2.88
8.58
2.86


Subtotal
13.94

13.29
12.69
39.92
13.31

K3O1
2.29

1.91
1.88
6.08
2.03
K3O2
2.46

3.25
3.04
8.75
2.92
K3O3
2.68

2.86
2.76
8.30
2.77
K3O4
2.32

2.39
2.87
7.58
2.53
K3O5
2.51

2.98
2.44
7.93
2.64

Subtotal
12.26

13.39
12.99
38.64
12.88


K4O1 2.13

2.19
2.35
6.67
2.22
K4O2
3.11

2.77
2.78
8.66
2.89
K4O3
3.15

2.55
2.37
8.07
2.69
K4O4 2.41

2.68
2.85
7.94
2.65
K4O5
2.67

2.91
2.87
8.45
2.82
Subtotal
13.47

13.10
13.22
BLOCK TOTAL 50.01

53.07
50.37
GRAND TOTAL






153.45
GRAND MEAN








2.56







Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

66






K X O TWO WAY TABLE

TREATMENTS K1 K2 K3 K4 TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________


O1

5.38
6.56 6.08 6.67
24.69
2.06


O2

8.01
8.79 8.75 8.66
34.21
2.85

O3

7.28
8.23 8.30 8.07
31.88
2.66

O4

7.48
7.54 7.58 7.94
30.54
2.55

O5

6.95
8.58 7.93 8.45
31.91
2.68
_______________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
35.1
39.7 38.64 39.79


_______________________________________________________________________
MEAN
2.34
2.66 2.58 2.65


2.56





ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE


SOURCE OF
DF

SS

MS
F VALUE Pr > F
VARIANCE
_______________________________________________________________________

BLOCK 2

0.280
0.140


K 3

1.012
0.337
2.99*
0.0427

O 4

4.325
1.081
9.59**
0.0001

K X O 12

0.379
0.032
0.028ns
0.9892

ERROR 38

0.4282
0.113
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 59

10.278

** - highly significant


CV = 13.13 %
* - significant
ns – not significant

Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

67






APPENDIX TABLE 13. Nitrogen content of the soil (%)

TREATMENTS B L O C K TOTAL MEAN
I II III

K1O1
0.06

0.10
0.11
0.27
0.090
K1O2
0.12

0.16
0.12
0.40
0.133
K1O3
0.13

0.12
0.12
0.37
0.123
K1O4
0.11

0.15
0.12
0.38
0.126
K1O5
0.10

0.13
0.11
0.34
0.113

Subtotal
0.52

0.66
0.58
1.76
0.585

K2O1
0.11

0.10
0.12
0.33
0.110
K2O2
0.19

0.13
0.13
0.45
0.150
K2O3
0.14

0.15
0.13
0.42
0.140
K2O4
0.13

0.13
0.12
0.38
0.126
K2O5
0.13

0.17
0.14
0.44
0.147

Subtotal
0.70

0.68
0.64
2.02
0.673

K3O1
0.11

0.10
0.09
0.30
0.100
K3O2
0.12

0.16
0.15
0.43
0.143
K3O3
0.13

0.14
0.14
0.41
0.136
K3O4
0.12

0.12
0.14
0.38
0.126
K3O5
0.13

0.15
0.12
0.40
0.133

Subtotal
0.61

0.67
0.64
1.92
0.638

K4O1
0.11

0.11
0.12
0.34
0.113
K4O2
0.16

0.14
0.14
0.44
0.147
K4O3
0.16

0.13
0.12
0.41
0.136
K4O4
0.12

0.13
0.14
0.39
0.130
K4O5
0.13

0.15
0.14
0.42
0.140
Subtotal
0.68
0.66
0.66
2.00
0.666
BLOCK TOTAL 2.51

2.67
2.52
GRAND TOTAL






7.70
GRAND MEAN








0.13







Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

68






K X O TWO WAY TABLE

TREATMENTS K1 K2 K3 K4 TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________


O1

0.27
0.33 0.30 0.34
1.24
0.10


O2

0.40
0.45 0.43 0.44
1.72
0.14

O3

0.37
0.42 0.41 0.41
1.61
0.13

O4

0.38
0.38 0.38 0.39
1.53
0.13

O5

0.34
0.44 0.40 0.42
1.60
0.13
_______________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
1.76
2.02 1.92 2.00

_______________________________________________________________________
MEAN
0.12
0.13 0.13 0.13

0.13




ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE


SOURCE OF
DF

SS

MS
F VALUE Pr > F
VARIANCE
_______________________________________________________________________

BLOCK 2

0.0008
0.00040



K 3

0.0028
0.00093
3.45*
0.0260

O 4

0.0109
0.00273
10.10**
0.0001

K X O 12

0.0011
0.00009
0.33ns
0.9796

ERROR 38

0.0103
0.00027
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 59

0.0258

** - highly significant

CV = 12.81 %
* - significant
ns – not significant











Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

69






APPENDIX TABLE 14. Phosphorus content of the soil (ppm)

TREATMENT

BLOCK





I
II
III TOTAL MEAN

K1O1
112.81
258.95
108.77
480.53
160.18
K1O2
151.58 152.28
161.40
465.26
155.09
K1O3
192.28
186.67
198.60
577.55
192.52
K1O4
166.32
190.88
157.89
515.09
171.70
K1O5
158.60
175.44
175.44
509.48
169.83
Subtotal
781.59
964.22
802.10
2547.91
849.3

K2O1
283.57

282.81
268.07
834.45
278.15
K2O2
110.88

289.47
228.58
628.93 209.64
K2O3
116.14

194.39
161.40
471.93
157.31
K2O4
206.32

359.65
364.91
930.88 310.29
K2O5
789.47

785.96
787.30
2362.73 787.58


Subtotal
1506.38
1912.28 1810.26
5228.92 1742.97

K3O1
124.21

117.19
207.02
448.42 149.47
K3O2
459.65

431.58
445.62
1336.85 445.62
K3O3
430.18

349.82
438.59
1218.59 406.20
K3O4
745.62

771.93
719.30
2236.85 745.62
K3O5
145.62

154.39
136.84
436.85 218.43
Subtotal
1905.28
1824.91 1947.37
5677.56 1892.52

K4O1
246.14

208.07
284.21
738.42
246.14
K4O2 470.18

607.72
294.74
1372.64 457.55
K4O3 261.38

277.19
266.67
805.24 268.41
K4O4 261.40

221.05
301.75
784.20 261.40
K4O5 766.67

729.82
748.25
2244.74 748.25
Subtotal
2055.77
2043.85 1895.62
5945.24 1981.75
BLOCK TOTAL 6,199.02
6,745.26
12,944.28
GRAND TOTAL






19,399.3
GRAND MEAN








323.32









Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

70






K X O TWO WAY TABLE

TREATMENTS K1 K2 K3 K4 TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________


O1
480.53 834.45 448.40 738.42 2501.82 208.49


O2
465.26 628.93 1336.85 1372.64 3803.68 316.97

O3
577.55 471.93 1218.59 805.24 3073.31 256.11

O4
515.09 930.88 2236.85 784.20 4467.02 372.25

O5
509.48 2362.73 436.85 2244.74 5553.80 462.82
_______________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 2547.91 5228.92 5677.56 5945.24
_______________________________________________________________________
MEAN 169.9 348.6 378.5 396.3 323.32






ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE


SOURCE OF
DF

SS

MS
F VALUE Pr > F
VARIANCE
_______________________________________________________________________

BLOCK 2
7468.852 3734.426

K 3 488506.973 162835.658 55.2722** 0.0000

O 4 475179.361 118794.840 40.3232** 0.0000

K X O 12 1586761.228 132230.102 44.8836** 0.0000

ERROR 38 111950.511 2946.066
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 59 2669866.925

** - highly significant






CV = 16.79 %


Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

71






APPENDIX TABLE 15. Potassium content of the soil (ppm)

TREATMENT

BLOCK





I
II
III TOTAL MEAN

K1O1
265
234
264.5

763.5
254.50
K1O2
262.5
365 362.5

990
330.00
K1O3
334
227.5
334

895.5
298.50
K1O4
277.5
306
277.5

861
287.00
K1O5
306
334
277.5

917.5
305.83
Subtotal
1445
1466.5
1516

4427.5 1475.83

K2O1
393.5
378
317.5

1089
363.00
K2O2
362.5 334
362.5
1059
353.00
K2O3
378
422.5
408

1208.5
402.83
K2O4
500
317.5
317.5

1135
378.33
K2O5
362.5
348
378

1088.5
544.25
Subtotal 1996.5 1800
1783.5

5580
1860

K3O1
439
362.5
317.5

1119
373.00
K3O2
306
408
422.5

1136.5
378.83
K3O3
348 422.5
362.5 1133
377.67
K3O4
362.5
317.5
662.5

1342.5
447.50
K3O5
347.5
306
348

1001.5
333.83
Subtotal
1803
1816.5
2113

5732.5 1784.17

K4O1
348
539
292.5

1179.5 393.17
K4O2
317.5
457
334

1108.5
369.50
K4O3
378
393.5
393.5

1179.5
393.17
K4O4 348
393.5
500

1241.5
413.83
K4O5 410
404
408

1222
407.33
Subtotal
1801.5
2201.5
1928

5931 1977.00
BLOCK TOTAL 7046
7284.5
7340.5
GRAND TOTAL





21,671
GRAND MEAN








361.18










Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

72






K X O TWO WAY TABLE

TREATMENTS K1 K2 K3 K4 TOTAL MEAN
________________________________________________________________________


O1

763.5
1089 1119 1179.5 4151
276.73


O2

990
1059 1136.5 1108.5
4294
286.27

O3

895.5
1208.5 1133 1179
4416.5
294.43

O4

861
1135 1342.5 1241.5
4580
294.43

O5

917.5
1088.5 1001.5 1222
4229.5
281.97
_______________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
4427.5
5580 5732.5 5931


_______________________________________________________________________
MEAN
295.2
372 382.2 395.4

361.18





ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE


SOURCE OF
DF

SS

MS
F VALUE Pr > F
VARIANCE
_______________________________________________________________________

BLOCK 2
2445.808 1222.904

K 3 91294.217 30431.406 6.0826** 0.0017

O 4 9444.275 2361.069 0.4719ns

K X O 12 27931.158 2327.597 0.4652ns

ERROR 38 190116.525 5003.066
________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 59
321231.983

** - highly significant





CV = 19.58 %
ns – not significant
Rates of Potassium and Organic Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots
(Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda. LIPAWEN, MELANIE Y. MAY 2009

---

Document Outline

• Rates of Potassium and OrganicFertilization on the Yield and Quality of Carrots (Daucus carrota) cv. New Kuroda
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • TABLE OF CONTENTS
  • INTRODUCTION
  • REVIEW OF LITERATURE
  • MATERIALS AND METHODS
  • RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
  • SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
  • LITERATURE CITED
  • APPENDICES

---