BIBLIOGRAPHY DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL 2013. Seed Production of Bush Snap Bean
Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers under La Trinidad Benguet Condition. Benguet
State University, La Trinidad Benguet.
Adviser: Guerzon A. Payangdo, MSc.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted at Benguet State University Experimental area in Balili,
La Trinidad, Benguet with the following objectives: (1) to determine the seed yield of the
bush snap bean varieties applied with different organic fertilizers; (2) to identify the best
organic fertilizer for seed yield production of bush snap bean; (3) to determine the fertilizer
and variety interaction; and, (4) determine the profitability of growing bush snap bean
applied with different organic fertilizers.
On the application of different organic fertilizers, no significant differences were recorded
in all the parameters observed. Contender and Bokod produced the highest yield. Plants
applied with BSU compost and Azolla compost produced the heaviest seeds.
However, in terms of profitability, variety Contender not applied with fertilizer
gave the highest return on cash expenses followed by variety Bokod applied with Azolla
compost.
Seed Production of Bush Snap Bean Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers under La
Trinidad Benguet Condition | DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL 2013
INTRODUCTION
Bush snap bean (
Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the vegetable legumes cultivated
in many parts of the world. It has high productivity compared to the other types of beans.
The plant is also an excellent source of protein, vitamins and others that is important to
human health (Tawang, 2003).
The nutritive quality of bush beans partly contributes to the solution of malnutrition
problems in the country. Aside from the benefits it directly provides to farmers, it is also
beneficial in maintaining soil productivity due to the capacity of its roots to fix atmospheric
nitrogen to make the soil fertile (Gonzales, 1983).
Since bush bean is an important vegetable crop, production should be increased by
using good quality of seed and suitable varieties (Palasi, 2008).
It has also been observed that farmers do not give proper attention to fertilization
in the production of bush beans. Farmers apply either too high or too low amounts of
fertilizer needed by the plant. Thus, improper fertilizer application leads to higher expenses
and low profit (Wasing, 2011).
Organic fertilizers are considered to be more environmental friendly than synthetic
fertilizers. Organic fertilizers contain fewer amounts of the major plant nutrients like
nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium; however, it contain micronutrients and humus that
promote good physical, biological conditions in the soil for plant growth (Palasi, 2008).
In this regard, the evaluation of bush bean varieties applied with different organic
fertilizers may help solve fertilizer shortage, soil degradation, and minimize production
cost.
Seed Production of Bush Snap Bean Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers under La
Trinidad Benguet Condition | DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL 2013
The study aimed to:
1. determine the seed yield of the bush snap bean varieties applied with different
organic fertilizers,
2. identify the best organic fertilizer for seed yield production of bush snap bean;
3. determine the fertilizer and variety interaction; and,
4. determine the profitability of growing bush snap bean applied with different
organic fertilizers.
The study was conducted from November 2012 to February 2013 at Balili
Experimental Station, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Seed Production of Bush Snap Bean Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers under La
Trinidad Benguet Condition | DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL 2013
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Seed Production
Bush bean are grown for their dry seeds, others are grown for their fresh pods with
young immature seeds for canning purposes as a market product. Thus, bush snap beans
require six to seven weeks to mature in warm weather they can grow successfully in area
with fairly short summer (Agayao, 2002).
Seed production is a specialized type of a crop production. It requires functional
background in plant breeding and seed technology to ensure the production of high quality
of seed technology to ensure the production of high quality of seed in term of genetic purity
and physical quality such as seed size, freedom from abnormalities and seed borne diseases
(Hampton, 1987).
As mentioned by Bautista and Mabessa (1997) selecting the right variety will
minimize problems associated with water and fertilizer management. The variety to be
selected should be high yielding, pest and diseases resistant, and early maturing so that
production would entail less expense, and ensure more profit.
Moreover, PCARRD (1982) cited that seeds must be harvested when start to yellow
or begin to dry up with the wine to avoid diseases. In storing seeds, they are first thoroughly
dried before shelling after which the seeds maybe air dried to 3 to 5 hours before putting
them in air tight containers and stored in a cool dry area. And also newly shelled peas
should not be dried under direct sunlight.
Seed Production of Bush Snap Bean Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers under La
Trinidad Benguet Condition | DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL 2013
Source of Organic
Matter animal manure, crop products, green manures or legumes, azolla and blue-
green algae, industrial waste and garbage commercial fertilizer and peat soil are the various
source of organic fertilizers. Animal manure is the most common organic fertilizers used
by vegetable farmers. Examples are the guano, chicken dung, cow hog, carabao and horse
manure. Crop by product such as rice straw, corn stubbles and sugar cane tops and leaves
can be used as a material in the production of organic fertilizers (Abad, 2009).
Daizel
et al. (2007) mentioned that organic matters are formed from dead animals
and plants. It always contains carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. However it has the ability to
hold a lot of moisture and can attract up to ten times more plants that the clay minerals.
Organic matter could be identified into two fractions; one is composed of fresh decaying
materials consisting of roots systems and leaves of dead plants and waste materials of
animals, insects and small animals living in the soil. Another part of the decomposed fresh
materials is stabilized through the formation of clay organic compound. In these compound
the organic matter is protected from the activity of enzymes and further decomposition is
recorded (Hignett, 1985).
Benefits of Using Organic Fertilizer
Organic matter when added to the soil has numerous beneficial affect which include
increased soil fertility, balanced supply of nutrients and build up of organic materials, the
nutrient content and process of the decomposition in the soil. Soils with moderate amounts
of organic matter are well aggregated and posses good tilt, water infiltration and retention
(PCARRD, 1991).
Seed Production of Bush Snap Bean Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers under La
Trinidad Benguet Condition | DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL 2013
Organic matter can play a major role retaining potassium, calcium and magnesium.
Most organic fertilizers such as mushroom compost, alnus compost, vermi compost,
chopped sunflowers and others provide various nutrients to the soil. For example, wild
sunflower has been known as a good source of organic nitrogen.
There is increasing evidence to show that the addition of organic matter to the soil,
especially in the form of compost, increase the rate of mineralization of nitrogen,
phosphorus, and potassium. There is also evidence that trace elements which are applied
to connect deficiencies will be more readily available to crops and will exert a longer
lasting effect if compost has also been given (Daizell
et al., 2007).
Organic fertilizer mushroom is low in potassium but rich in nitrogen, phosphorus,
calcium and other secondary element. Since it is composed of sawdust with some materials
like limestone and rice bran it has carbon as main source of energy for activities of soil
microorganisms like rhizoid for nitrogen fixation and mycorrhizae for increasing the
availability of soil phosphorus. Soil treatment with sawdust, tree leaves, green manure soil
cake on rice bran promotes the multiplication of earthworm and inhibits nematodes
population.
As a result almost all plant growing in compost amended soil is healthier or more
productive than they would be without compost (Baul and Kourik, 1992).
Application of organic fertilizers helps conserve the soil, maintain and sustain crop
quality and productivity and protect the environment. The additions of organic matter in
the soil increase the soil ability to hold water preventing erosion and cracking. It loosens
the soil resulting in better soil property and increase compaction resistance compost
Seed Production of Bush Snap Bean Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers under La
Trinidad Benguet Condition | DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL 2013
fertilizers can buffer the soil against rapid change due to acidity, alkalinity, pesticides and
toxic metals (Chen, 2005).
Studies in china also should positive effect of compost on soil porosity, bulk
density, stickiness and water absorption (PCARRD, 2006).
Seed production is a specialized type of crop production. It requires not only
background in plant breeding but also in technology. This will ensure the production of
high quality seed in term of genetic purity and physical quality such as seed size freedom
from abnormalities and seed borne diseases (Windo, 2005).
Effect of Organic Fertilizer on plant
Koshimo (1990) found that nutrient elements from organic fertilizer are released
slowly which is particularly important in avoiding salt injury, ensuring a continuous of
nutrients during the growing season and in producing products of better quality.
Anselmo (1996) found that plants applied with 3 t/ha of organic fertilizer showed
the least percentage infection of plant disease. On the other hand, increase percentage
infection was observed in plants applied with 15 t/ha high percentage infection of bacterial
wilt was also observed in plants not applied with organic fertilizer.
Oryan (1997) revealed that excessive application of compost affects the severity of
bacterial infection because the abundance of nutrients would prolong vegetative growth
and delay maturity, making it more susceptible to pathogen.
Seed Production of Bush Snap Bean Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers under La
Trinidad Benguet Condition | DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL 2013
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An area of 180 square meters was thoroughly cleaned, prepared and divided into
three blocks with 12 plots per replication measuring 1m x 5m. This was laid out in Split-
Plot Design arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three
replications.
The bush snap bean varieties and organic fertilizers served as the treatments. The
different types of organic fertilizers were assigned as the main plot while the bush snap
bean varieties were the sub-plot as follows:
Main Plot (Organic Fertilizer- OF)
OF0
Control
OF1
BSU compost
OF2
Azolla compost
OF3
Alnus compost
Sub Plot (Bush Snap Bean- V) Source
Contender
BPI
Bokod
BPI
Sablan
BPI
The nutrient analyses of the fertilizers are the following:
BSU compost
Composition:
Nitrogen
1.50%
Organic carbon
19.23%
Seed Production of Bush Snap Bean Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers under La
Trinidad Benguet Condition | DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL 2013
Phosphorous 2.50%
Moisture content
30%
Potassium
2.56%
Magnesium
1.70%
Calcium
10.30%
Azolla compost
Nitrogen
4-5%
Iron
0.06-0.26%
Phosphorous 0.5-0.6%
Manganese
0.11-0.16%
Potassium
2-4%
Magnesium
0.5-0.6%
Calcium
0-4%
Alnus compost
Nitrogen
25%
Organic matter
50%
Phosphorous 7.0%
Potassium
3-3.6%
All cultural management practices such as weeding, irrigation and pest control were
strictly employed uniformly in all treatments to ensure proper growth and development of
the crop.
Data Gathered
1. Meteorological data. Temperature and relative humidity were taken by using
the compact psycho meter. Rainfall was taken by placing cans in the field to collect water
when precipitation occurs. The volume of water collected was measured using the
graduated cylinder and was recorded by getting the average volume of the water from the
cans.
Seed Production of Bush Snap Bean Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers under La
Trinidad Benguet Condition | DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL 2013
2. Number of days from sowing to emergence. This was gathered when 75% of
plants has emerged or by counting the number of days from sowing to emergence.
3. Number of days from sowing to flowering. This was determined by counting
the days from sowing up to the time when 50% of plants per plot starts to produce flowers.
4. Number of days from sowing to pod setting. This was obtained by counting the
days from emergence until the appearance of small pods.
5. Number of days from sowing to first harvest. This was recorded by counting
the days from sowing to first seed harvest.
6. Number of days from sowing to last seed harvest. This was taken by counting
the days sowing to last seed harvesting.
7. Initial and Final Height (cm). This was recorded by measuring five sample
plants. Initial height was recorded at 2 weeks after planting and final height was recorded
just before the first seed harvest.
8. Plant vigor. This was recorded using CIP rating scale (Jose, 2004)
Scale
Description
Remarks
1
Plants are weak with few stems and leaves: very pale
Poor vigorous
2
Plants are weak with few thin stems and leaves pale
Less vigorous
3
Better then less vigorous
Vigorous
4
Plants are moderately strong with robust stem and
Moderately
leaves are light green color
vigorous
5
Plants are strong with robust stems and leaves,
Highly vigorous
leaves are light to dark in color
Seed Production of Bush Snap Bean Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers under La
Trinidad Benguet Condition | DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL 2013
9. Weight of marketable seed (kg). This was determined by weighing the smooth,
undamaged, and good seeds free from pests and diseases.
10. Weight of non-marketable seed (kg). This was obtained by weighing all seeds
that are disease malformed or damaged.
11. Total seed yield per plot (kg). This was obtained by getting the total number
and weight of marketable and non-marketable seeds per plot.
12. Computed seed yield (tons/ha). This was computed using the formula:
Seed yield (ton/ha) = Total yield per plot (kg) x2
Plot size
Where 2 is constant to convert the plot yield (kg) into ton/ha
13. Reaction to bean rust and pod borer. This was determined using the scale on
bean rust and pod borer.
a. Bean rust (Jose, 2004)
Scale
Description
Remarks
1
No infection per plot
Highly resistant
2
1-25% infections per plot
Mild resistant
3
25-50% infections per plot
Moderately resistant
4
51-75% infections per plot
Susceptible resistant
5
76-100% infections per plot
Very susceptible
Seed Production of Bush Snap Bean Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers under La
Trinidad Benguet Condition | DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL 2013
b. Pod borer (Jose, 2004)
Scale
Description
Remarks
1
No infestation per plot
Highly resistant
2
1-25% infestations per plot
Mild resistant
3
25-50% infestations per plot
Moderately resistant
4
51-75% infestations per plot
Susceptible resistant
5
76-100% infestations per plot
Very susceptible
14. Return on cash expense (ROCE). This was computed by using the following
formula:
ROCE = Net income x 100
Total cost Production
Data Analysis
All quantitative data were analyzed using the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for
Split-Plot Design arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three
replications. The Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to determine the
significance of differences among the treatment means.
Seed Production of Bush Snap Bean Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers under La
Trinidad Benguet Condition | DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL 2013
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Meteorological Data
Shown in Table 1 is the meteorological data which include the maximum and
minimum temperature (oC), relative humidity (%), amount of rainfall (mm), and sunshine
duration (min) throughout the conduct of the study. The maximum and minimum
temperature was observed in the months of November to February.
Relative humidity was highest in December and the lowest was during the months
of January and February. The monthly rainfall ranged from 0.29mm to 1.33mm. The
longest sunshine duration was observed during the month of January 2013 (360.0 min) and
the shortest sunshine duration was recorded in the month of November 2012 (10.97 min).
Swieden and Ware (2002) cited that for rapid uniform emergence, bean seeds should be
planted in warm soils. Bush beans grow best in soils that have a temperature range from
15oC to 29oC with an optimum temperature of 27oC for seed germination. Below 10oC, the
growth and maturation of the crop slows down. If beans are grown in cool, wet soil,
germination will be delayed and seed may rot.
Table 1. Temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and sunshine duration during the
conduct of the study (November 2012 to February 2013).
TEMPERATURE
RELATIVE
RAINFALL
SUNSHINE
MONTH
(oC)
HUMIDITY
(mm)
DURATION
MIN. MAX. (%)
(min.)
NOVEMBER
13.1
20.9
84.75
1.33
10.97
DECEMBER
13.2
22.6
86.5
0.15
12.18
JANUARY
18.3
23.7
80
0.5
360
FEBRUARY
17.5
11.8
68
0.29
330.2
Source: PAGASA Office, BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet
Seed Production of Bush Snap Bean Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers under La
Trinidad Benguet Condition | DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL 2013
Number of days from Sowing to Emergence,
Flowering and Pod Setting
Effect of organic fertilizer. Table 2 shows no significant differences among the
organic fertilizers in relation to emergence, flowering and pod setting.
Effect of variety. No significant differences were noted among the varieties of bush
snap beans used in the study (Figure 1). All varieties emerged eight days from sowing,
flowered after 44 to the days and set pod after 46 to 47.75 days.
Interaction effect. There was no significant interaction observed among the
different organic fertilizers on the days to emergence, flowering, and pod setting of bush
snap beans (Table 2).
Table 2. Number of days from sowing to emergence, flowering, and pod setting and
flowering of the bush snap bean varieties applied with different organic fertilizers
DAYS FROM SOWING TO
TREATMENT
EMERGENCE
FLOWERING
POD SETTING
Organic fertilizer
Control
8
49.0
50.00
BSU compost
8
42.0
44.00
Azolla compost
8
44.0
46.00
Alnus compost
8
47.0
49.00
Varieties
Contender
8
44.5
46.25
Bokod
8
46.0
47.75
Sablan
8
46.0
47.75
(O x V)
ns
ns
ns
Seed Production of Bush Snap Bean Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers under La
Trinidad Benguet Condition | DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL 2013
Figure 1. Bush snap bean plants at 8 DAP.
Number of Days from Sowing to First Harvest
and Last Harvest
Effect of organic fertilizer. The use of different organic fertilizers did not
significantly differ on the number of days from sowing to the first seed harvest and the last
harvest as shown in Table 3.
Effect of variety. Bush snap bean varieties did not significantly affect the number
of days from sowing to the first seed harvest and last seed harvest. All the varieties were
first harvested at 87 days and 90 days after sowing as the pods were fully matured and half
dried.
Seed Production of Bush Snap Bean Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers under La
Trinidad Benguet Condition | DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL 2013
Interaction effect. The different organic fertilizers and varieties showed no
interaction on the number of days from sowing to first seed harvest and number of days
from sowing to last seed harvest.
Initial and Final height (cm)
Effect of organic fertilizer. There were no significant differences observed on both
initial and final height of plants applied with different organic fertilizers.
Effect of variety. The three bush snap bean varieties were not significantly different
in both initial and final height (Table 5). However numerically, Sablan had the highest
initial and final height.
Interaction effect. There was no significant interaction noted on both organic
fertilizers and varieties on the initial and final height of the different bush snap bean
varieties used in the study.
Table 3. Number of days from sowing to first and last seed harvest of the bush snap bean
varieties applied with different organic fertilizers
TREATMENT
DAYS FROM SOWING TO
FIRST HARVEST
LAST HARVEST
Organic fertilizer
Control
87
90
BSU compost
87
90
Azolla compost
87
90
Alnus compost
87
90
Varieties
Contender
87
90
Bokod
87
90
Sablan
87
90
(O x V)
ns
ns
Seed Production of Bush Snap Bean Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers under La
Trinidad Benguet Condition | DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL 2013
Table 4. Initial and final height of the bush snap bean variety applied with different
organic fertilizers
TREATMENT
HEIGHT (cm)
INITIAL
FINAL
(15 DAP)
(85 DAP)
Organic fertilizer
Control
88
237
BSU compost
87
275
Azolla compost
86
253
Alnus compost
90
250
Varieties
Contender
87
255
Bokod
87
249
Sablan
89
257
(OxV)
ns
ns
CVa (%)
7.08
11.24
CVb (%)
3.17
6.42
*Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 5 % level using DMRT.
Plant Vigor
Effect of organic fertilizer. Table 6 shows no significant differences observed on
plant vigor in relation to the different organic fertilizers applied. Plants applied with Alnus
compost were vigorous while the rest were moderately vigorous.
Effect of variety. The plant vigor of the different bush snap bean varieties revealed
no significant differences. However, Sablan was vigorous while Bokod and Contender
were moderately vigorous.
Seed Production of Bush Snap Bean Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers under La
Trinidad Benguet Condition | DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL 2013
Table 5. Plant vigor applied with different organic fertilizers
TREATMENT
PLANT VIGOR
Organic fertilizer
Control
Moderately vigorous
BSU compost
Moderately vigorous
Azolla compost
Moderately vigorous
Alnus compost
Vigorous
Varieties
Contender
Moderately vigorous
Bokod
Moderately vigorous
Sablan
Vigorous
Sample Seed Weight, Weight of Marketable Seed (g),
and Non- Marketable Seed (g)
Effect of organic fertilizer. No significant differences on the weight of 200 seeds
were noted. On the weight of marketable seeds, plants applied with BSU compost had the
significantly heaviest marketable seeds which was comparable with plants applied with
Azolla and Alnus compost. On the non- marketable yield, no significant differences were
observed.
Effect of variety. No signicant differences were noted on the weight of sample seeds
and non-marketable seeds. On the weight of marketable seeds, Bokod variety produced
significantly the heaviest seed of 457 g/m2 which was comparable with Contender (449
g/m2 ) followed by Sablan variety 411 g/m2 (Figures 3-4).
Seed Production of Bush Snap Bean Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers under La
Trinidad Benguet Condition | DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL 2013
Interaction effect. No significant interaction effect was observed on the weight of
sample of seeds, marketable seeds and non- marketable seeds of bush snap bean varieties
applied with different organic fertilizers.
Table 6. Sample seed-weight, weight of marketable seed and weight of non- marketable
seed of bush snap bean varieties applied with different organic fertilizers
SAMPLE SEED WEIGHT OF MARKE - WEIGHT OF NON-
TREATMENT
WEIGHT TABLE SEEDS MARKETABLE
(200)(g)
(g/m2)
SEEDS (g/5m2)
Organic fertilizer
Control
1.29
344b
25
BSU compost
1.37
522a
22
Azolla compost
1.30
470ab
25
Alnus compost
1.37
419ab
22
Varieties
Contender
1.34
449ab
22
Bokod
1.33
457a
24
Sablan
1.33
411b
25
(O x V)
ns
ns
ns
CVa (%)
4.74
17.38
19.60
CVb (%)
4.86
8.82
10.11
*Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 5 % level using DMRT
Seed Production of Bush Snap Bean Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers under La
Trinidad Benguet Condition | DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL 2013
V1
Contender
Figure 2. Marketable seeds of Contender variety
V2
Bokod
Figure 3. Marketable seeds of Bokod variety
Seed Production of Bush Snap Bean Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers under La
Trinidad Benguet Condition | DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL 2013
V3
Sablan
Figure 4. Marketable seeds of Sablan variety
Total Seed Yield per Plot
Effect of organic fertilizer. The application of BSU compost significantly gave the
highest total seed yield per plot (544 g/m2) was comparable with Azolla compost (405 g/m2)
and Alnus compost (441 g/m2). The lowest total seed yield was recorded in plants not
applied with fertilizer. The significant differences were attributed to the differences in
nutrient content of the fertilizers applied.
Effect of varieties. Among the varieties used, Bokod variety significantly gave the
highest total yield of 480.17 kg/m2 but comparable with Contender (475 kg/m2). Sablan
variety produced the lowest total seed yield.
Interaction effect. There was no significant interaction effect between fertilizers
and varieties on the total seed yield.
Seed Production of Bush Snap Bean Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers under La
Trinidad Benguet Condition | DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL 2013
Computed Seed Yield
Effect of organic fertilizer. The computed seed yield per hectare showed significant
differences, wherein plants applied with BSU compost had the heaviest yield of 212.73
tons/ha. The computed seed yield of plants applied with Azolla compost and Alnus
compost were comparable.
Effect of variety. The three bush snap bean varieties were significantly different in
terms of computed seed yield per hectare. Bokod and Contender varieties registered the
heaviest computed seed per hectare (Table 8).
Interaction effect. No significant interaction effect on computed seed yield was
observed between the different organic fertilizers and the three varieties of bush snap beans
used in the study.
Table 7. Total seed yield per plot and computed seed yield per hectare of bush snap bean
varieties applied with different organic fertilizers
TREATMENT
TOTAL SEED YIELD
COMPUTED SEED
PER PLOT (g/5m2)
YIELD (t/ha)
Organic fertilizer
Control
375b
150b
BSU compost
544a
213a
Azolla compost
405ab
198ab
Alnus compost
441ab
176ab
Varieties
Contender
475ab
190a
Bokod
480a
188a
Sablan
435b
174b
(OxV)
ns
ns
CVa (%)
16.77
16.18
CVb (%)
8.69
7.66
*Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 5 % level using DMRT.
Seed Production of Bush Snap Bean Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers under La
Trinidad Benguet Condition | DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL 2013
Reaction to Pod Borer and Bean Rust
Effect of organic fertilizer. Plants applied with different organic fertilizers were
mildly to moderately resistant to bean rust and pod borer.
.
Effect of variety. The bush snap bean varieties had mild to moderate resistance
against bean rust and pod borer.
Table 8. Reaction to bean rust and pod borers of the bush snap bean varieties applied with
different organic fertilizers
TREATMENT
BEAN RUST
POD BORER
Organic fertilizer
Control
Moderately resistant
Mild resistant
BSU compost
Mild resistant
Mild resistant
Azolla compost
Mild resistant
Mild resistant
Alnus compost
Moderately resistant
Mild resistant
Varieties
Contender
Mild resistant
Mild resistant
Bokod
Mild resistant
Mild resistant
Sablan
Moderately resistant
Mild resistant
Return on Cash Expenses (ROCE)
Table 9 shows the return on cash expense (ROCE) of the different bush snap bean
varieties applied with different organic fertilizers.
Seed Production of Bush Snap Bean Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers under La
Trinidad Benguet Condition | DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL 2013
Based on the Table 9, Contender variety gave the highest ROCE of 215.24 %,
followed by Bokod variety with 193.94 % ROCE. Furthermore, plants not applied fertilizer
had the highest ROCE of 176.13 %.
Table 9. Cost and return analysis of bush snap bean varieties applied with different
organic fertilizers
SEED
GROSS
TOTAL
NET
ROCE
TREATMENT
YIELD
SALE
EXPENSES
PROFIT
(%)
(kg)
(Php)
(Php)
(Php)
Organic fertilizer
Control
1.309
3.571
999.88
630
176.13
BSU compost
1.121
4.897
1371.16
890.01
162.18
Azolla compost
1.141
4.458
1248.24
930
102.66
Alnus compost
3.371
3.966
1110.48
810
111.29
Varieties
Contender
1.653
5.906
1653.68
1086.67
215.24
Bokod
1.741
5.762
1613.36
1086.67
193.94
Sablan
1.503
5.224
1462.72
1086.67
143.08
Total expenses include land preparation, seed cost, cost of organic fertilizer
Selling price of seeds produced: Php. 280/kg
Seed Production of Bush Snap Bean Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers under La
Trinidad Benguet Condition | DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL 2013
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The study was conducted at the Balili Experimental Station, Benguet State
University, La Trinidad to determine the seed yield of the bush snap bean varieties applied
with different organic fertilizers; identify the best organic fertilizer for seed yield
production of bush snap bean; and determine the fertilizer and variety interaction; and
determine the profitability of growing bush snap bean applied with different organic
fertilizers.
Based on the results, it was found out that BSU compost performed better in terms
of growth and seed yield than the other organic fertilizers. In terms of plant height no
significant differences were observed on the initial height among the varieties. Application
of BSU compost and Azolla compost produced the tallest plants at maturity.
As to the plant vigor, bush snap bean applied with BSU compost, Azolla compost
and no fertilizer application exhibited a moderately vigorous plant while plants applied
with the other organic fertilizers were only vigorous.
Contender and Bokod varieties produced the heaviest marketable seed and highest
total and computed seed yield.
Bush snap beans applied with BSU compost and Azolla compost produced the
heaviest seeds.
No interaction effect was observed between the organic fertilizers and varieties of
bush snap beans in all the parameters evaluated.
In terms of ROCE, plants applied with BSU compost gave the highest ROCE
while the plants not applied with fertilizers gave the lowest ROCE.
Seed Production of Bush Snap Bean Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers under La
Trinidad Benguet Condition | DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL 2013
Conclusions
Based on the results, Contender and Bokod varieties had the highest seed yield.
BSU compost and Azolla compost appear to be the best organic fertilizers for the growth
and seed yield of bush snap beans.
No application of fertilizer realized the highest return on cash expense.
Recommendations
Contender and Bokod varieties can be recommended for bush snap bean seed
production.
Application of BSU compost and Bokod variety is recommended for bush snap
bean seed production under La Trinidad, Benguet condition.
Azolla compost could be used as an alternative organic fertilizer for the production
of bush snap beans.
Seed Production of Bush Snap Bean Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers under La
Trinidad Benguet Condition | DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL 2013
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Seed Production of Bush Snap Bean Applied with Different Organic Fertilizers under La
Trinidad Benguet Condition | DELA CRUZ, JEANIFER R. APRIL 2013