BIBLIOGRAPHY
RAGODO, HELARDO JR. C. APRIL 2009. Effect of Animal Manure
Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties in Bolinao,
Pangasinan.Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Leoncia L. Tandang, Ph.D.
ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield of three rice varieties
applied with animal manure, determine the effect of animal manure application on
growth and yield of rice, determine the interaction effect of variety and animal manure on
rice growth and yield, and to determine the profitability of growing three varieties of rice
applied with decomposed animal manure in Bolinao Pangasinan.

Results showed that NSCI Rc 128 and NSIC Rc 130 performed best giving better
growth and higher yield and return on cash expense. Plants applied with cow manure and
carabao manure exhibited better growth and produced the highest yield per hectare.
Based on return on cash expense, NSIC Rc 128 (90.28%) and plants grown in plots with
no fertilizer (81.46%) gave the highest return on cash expense.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS


Page
Bibliography.…………………………………………………………………….. i
Abstract……………………….………………………………………………….. i
Table of contents ………………………………………………………………….
ii

INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………… 1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE……………………………………………………...
3
Importance of Organic Fertilizer…………………………………………..
3
Effect of Animal Manure…………………………………………………..
4
Effect of Organic Fertilizer on Soil Characteristic………………………...
4
Effect of Organic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Crops……………….
5
Varietal Evaluation………………………………………………………...
5
MATERIALS AND METHODS………………………………………………….
7
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION…………………………………………………...
11
Days to Recovery………………………………………………………….
11
Number of Tillers at Maximum Tillering Stage…………………………...
13
Number of Productive Tillers Per Hill…………………………………….
14
Number of Days from Booting to Heading………………………………..
16
Number of Days from Transplanting to Ripening…………………………
19
Length of the Panicle at Harvest…………………………………………..
21
Number of Grains Per Panicle……………………………………………..
22
Grain Yield Per Plot……………………………………………………….
23
ii

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Computed Yield Per Hectare………………………………………………
24
Reaction to Blast and Stem Borer…………………………………………
24
Return on Cash Expense…………………………………………………...
24
Soil Chemical Properties…………………………………………………..
22
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS…………………
22
Summary…………………………………………………………………... 22
Conclusions……………………………………………………………….. 23
Recommendations………………………………………………………… 23
LITERATURE CITED……………………………………………………………
25
APPENDICES…………………………………………………………………….. 27

iii

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INTRODUCTION


Rice is a semi-aquatic plant scientifically known as Oryza sativa L. It is one of the
world’s most important food crops. More than half of the people in Asia eat this grain as
the main part of their meals (Teason, 1994).

In Bolinao, Pangasinan farmers usually use inorganic fertilizer in order to obtain
more profitable yields in rice production. However, inorganic fertilizers has some
disadvantageous effects on soil properties such as destroying soil texture, soil structure
and humus content that may lead to reduce production in the long term.

In view of the above bad effects on continuous use of inorganic fertilizers, there is
a need to use alternative sources of fertilizer like farm wastes which are readily and
economically available sources of both macro elements and micro elements.

The use of organic fertilizers in rice production to substitute for the chemical
fertilizers can increase productivity and sustainability of Philippine farm as well as clean
the environment of abundant wastes emanating from crop and livestock farms of various
industries (FAO, 1990).
In addition organic fertilizer regardless of source proved to be effective in
improving the productivity of this scraped soil for wetland rice production (Jearbunyok,
1985).
In Bolinao, Pangasinan, farmers had been planting rice varieties that have long
maturity period. Those varieties had decreasing yield due to existing erratic weather
condition in the locality. Variety evaluation is necessary to find high yielding varieties to
serve as alternate to degenerated cultivars.

Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
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This study was conducted to:
1. evaluate the growth and yield of three varieties of rice as affected by animal
manure application,
2. determine the effect of animal manure application on growth and yield of rice,
3. determine the interaction effect of variety and animal manure on rice growth
and yield,
4. determine the profitability of growing three rice varieties applied with
decomposed animal manure in Bolinao, Pangasinan.
The study was conducted from October 2007 to February 2008.














Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
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3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Importance of Organic Fertilizers

Organic fertilizers are produced from animal manure and crop residues. Organic
fertilizers have low nutrient composition and bulky, but it has ability to improve the
physical, chemical and microbial status of soils. Application of organic fertilizers is one
of the favored methods or rejuvenating depleted soils and sustaining fertility levels
(PCARRD, 1999).

Parnes (1986) cited that organic matter is a principal source of nitrogen,
phosphorus, and sulfur become available as the organic matter continuous to decompose.
Most of the calcium, magnesium and potassium in the decaying organic residue are
discarded by the soil organisms during the first stages of decomposition and these
nutrients are quietly available to plants organic matter.

The use or organic manure to fertilized agricultural lands is positive from
perspective of a recycling economy. The application of organic matter to soils directly
maintains an adequate level of soil organic matter, a critical component of soil fertility
and productivity.

Organic manure is considered as slow-release N fertilizer because it releases or
mineralizes only a fraction of its total N content during the application season.

FAO (1990) cited that organic fertilizer can supply nearly the essential nutrients
needed by plants although these nutrients are present in low concentration, continuous
application can build up the supply in the soil in the long term.


Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
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Effect of Animal Manure

Animal manures are good sources of N and P which are needed by decomposer
organisms for their growth and multiplication. The presence of manures as substrates in
composting hastens the decomposition process. In addition, ripe compost with manure
normally have better nutrient composition than those without (Cuevas, 1992).

Lekasi (1998-1999) cited that manure recommendations appear to be made
generally with respect to soil N and P levels rather than with respect to its impact on soil
physical properties. In the Kenyan highlands, the price set on livestock derived manures
is high at approximately five times the price that can be calculated from the content of
nutrients alone (artificial fertilizers price), indicating the value farmers place on the
physical benefits to soil quality derived from using manure.

In addition high initial applications to build up the organic pool and cut back in
subsequent years could be appropriate. In applying the nutrient requirements the amount
of manure applied can be calculated based on the rate of N applied and the rate of organic
N mineralization in the application season (Chong, 2005).

Effect of Organic Fertilizer on
Soil Characteristics

Organic matter level in soil could be maintained by the liberal use of farm and
green manures to the soil. Organic fertilizers supply some amount of the nutrient
requirement of the crop and promote favorable soil properties, such as granulation and
good tilth for efficient aeration easy root penetration, and improvement water holding
capacity (PCARRD, 1982).
Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
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Organic matter can play a central role in maintaining or increasing productive by
improving soil temperature, moisture and structure and by reducing the danger or erosion.
Organic matter especially as mulch can help to increase water infiltration and reduce
evaporative moisture loses, it can also stimulate root growth and thus improve utilization
of soil water (Sanchez, 1981).

Effects of Organic Fertilizer on
Growth and Yield of Crops

Brady (1990) cited that farm manure is valuable to crops because of its nitrogen
content and influence in the soil. Farm manure increases crop yield, and the value of farm
manure is determined not only by organic matter it furnishes but especially by the quality
of nitrogen supplies.

Fertilizer is a substance that is added to the soil to help plant grow. It contains
nutrients that are essential for plan growth. Some fertilizers are made from organic
materials like manure while others are manufactured from certain materials or are
produced as synthetic compounds in factories (World Book, 2004).

Varietal Evaluation

Modern varieties have greater yield potential than traditional varieties even under
the best conditions. Use of fertilizer and improved farming practices will increase grain
yield more in modern varieties than traditional ones. The used of improved varieties is
the cheapest single innovation that has built-in capability for increasing yield
substantially (Vergara, 1992).

Improved rice varieties would vary according to the ecological conditions in
which these are grown. Agronomic characters generally associated with high yield
Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
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potential and nitrogen responsiveness in irrigated lowland varieties possesses short or
semi dwarf stature, lodging resistance, high tillering ability, non-spreading culms, and
relatively short erect leaves, strong seedling vigor, insensitivity to photoperiod, medium
threshing ability and moderate grain dormancy and other available traits (UPLB, 1983).

According to the IRRI (1994) the grain size of any hybrid is highly uniform,
irrespective of the size and shape of grain in the parents. The endosperm of the hybrid
rice is primary amylase content look fluffy but become dry upon cooking.

Some varieties are productive under climatic conditions of the country and others
are productive only in specific regions. However, the varieties differ in yield capacity and
resistance to pest and diseases. The performance of a variety also depends upon their
ability to respond favorably to environment and cultural condition it is grown (UPLB,
1983).











Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
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MATERIALS AND METHODS


An area of 180 sq m was thoroughly prepared and divided into three blocks
representing three replications. Each replication was subdivided into eight plots
measuring 1 m x 5 m each. The experiment was laid out following 3 x 4 factor-factorial
arrangement in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications.
The varieties serves as Factor A and the different animal manures were considered as
factor B as follows:
Factor
A:
Variety
(V)
Code






Source
V1
PSB
Rc
82
(check)
Bolinao

V2


NSIC R 128


BPI-NSQCS

V3


NSIC Rc 130

BPI-NSQCS


Factor B:
Animal Manure (AM)
Code






Rate
AMO
Control 0
/tons/ha
CoM
Cow
manure
144
/tons/ha
CaM
Carabao
manure
144
/tons/ha
GoM
Goat
manure
108
tons/ha


Before seedbed preparation and after harvesting soil samples were taken for soil
analysis to determine the initial pH, OM, and NPK contents. The soil analysis was done
in San Fernando, La Union. Animal manures were thoroughly incorporated two weeks
Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
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8
before transplanting. The high yielding varieties or rice (HIV’s) were transplanted one
week after incorporation of the different animal manures.
One seedling per hill was transplanted in a straight row with a distance of 20 cm
between hills and rows.

Data Gathered

1. Days to recovery. The number of days from transplanting to full recovery of
seedlings was recorded when rice plants in the paddy rice fields were almost dark green
in color.
2. Number of tillers at maximum tillering stage. This was taken when the flag
leaf of the rice plant came out using 10 hills per treatment.
3. Number of productive tillers per hill. The number of tillers was counted using
10 sample hills at random. Only the rice plants with panicles were used as samples.
4. Number of days from booting to heading. This was recorded when 50% of the
total plants in a plot booted.
5. Number of days from transplanting to ripening. This was recorded when 80%
of the panicles turned yellow.
6. Length of the panicle at harvest (cm). The distance from the base to the tip of
panicle at harvest was measured from sample plants.
7. Number of grains per panicle. This was recorded using five samples per plot.
8. Grain yield per plot (kg). this was taken when the moisture content is
approximately 14% after sun drying for about 2-5 days after winnowing.
9. Computed yield per hectare (tons/ha). This was taken by converting the grain
yield per plot into hectare basis using the following formula as follows:
Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
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Yield


X

Yield/hectare =
x

1 m x 5 m

10,000m 2
-

10. Return on Cash Expense (ROCE). This was computed by subtracting the total
expenses from gross sales divided by total expenses multiplied by 100 as follows:

Gross sale – Total Expenses
ROCE (%) =
x 100

Total expenses

11. Stem borer (white heads). The reaction of HYV’s to stem borer expressed as
white heads was rated at heading time. The following standard scale was used (Phil Rice,
1996):

Rating
Percent White heads (%) Remark
1
1-5
Resistant
2
6-10
Moderate
5
11-15
Intermediate
7
16-25
Moderate Susceptible
9
26 and above
Susceptible

12. Blast (Neck rot). The severity of rice blast was taken per treatment from the
plant at the center row using ten hills sample per treatment combination using following
(PhilRice 1996).

Index
(%)Blast Remark
1
0-5
Resistant
2
6-25
Intermediate
3
26 and above
Susceptible

Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
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All data gathered statistically analyzed using 3 x 4 factor-factorial arrangement in
Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Differences among
treatments were determined using F-Test and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at
5% level of significance.



















Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Days to Recovery

Effect of rice varieties. NSIC Rc 128 and NSIC Rc 130 recovered within 22 days
after transplanting (DAT). One day earlier than the days to recovery of PSB Rc 82.
Effect of animal manure. Statistically, significant differences were observed on
the days to recovery of rice varieties applied with different animal manures. Plants
applied with cow and carabao manure recovered earlier than the plants applied with goat
manure. The latest to recover were those plants planted in unfertilized plots.
Interaction effect. There was significant interaction of variety and animal manure
on the days to recovery after transplanting of rice. It was observed that rice varieties
applied with cow and carabao manures recovered earlier than those plants applied with
goat manure and those without fertilizer. This result could be attributed to the nutrient
available in the animal manure used which enhanced early recovery of rice plants (Figure
1).









Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
in Bolinao, Pangasinan / Helardo C.Ragodo Jr.. 2006

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24.5
24
23.5

23
r
y
22.5
Control
c
ove
Cow manure
22
re
of
Carabao manure
21.5
ays
Goat manure
D
21
20.5

20

19.5
PSB Rc 82
NSIC Rc 128
NSIC Rc 130

Variety

Figure 1. Interaction of variety and animal manure on the days to recovery of rice








Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
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Number of Tillers at Maximum Tillering Stage

Effect of rice varieties. NSIC Rc 130 produced higher number of tillers among the
rice varieties used (Table 1). NSIC Rc 128 and RSB Rc 82 (check) produced lower
number of tillers. This could be due to varietal characteristics.
Effect of animal manure. Plants fertilized with cow manure and carabao manure
registered the highest number of tillers. The higher nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus
contents of animal manures might have enhanced the production of tillers of the rice
plants.
Interaction effect. There was no significant interaction of varieties and animal
manures on the number of tillers at maximum of tillering stage of rice (Table 1).

Table 1. Number of tillers at maximum tillering stage and number of productive tillers
per hill of three rice varieties applied with different animal manures

NUMBER OF TILLERS
TREATMENT
MAXIMUM TILLERING
PRODUCTIVE
STAGE
PER HILL
Variety (A)


PSB Rc 82 (check)
14ab
7bc
NSIC Rc 128
14ab
7b
NSIC Rc 130
15a
8a
Animal manure (B)


No fertilizer
13a
6c
Cow manure
15a
8a
Carabao manure
15ab
8a
Goat manure
14b
7b
A x B
ns
*
CV% 2.77
4.80
Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level using
DMRT.

Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
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Number of Productive Tillers Per Hill.

Effect of rice varieties. Among the three varieties evaluated NSIC Rc 130
registered the higher number or productive tillers per hill than NSIC Rc 128 and PSB Rc
82 (Table 1). This varietal difference could be attributed due to varietal character
indicating high yielding potential of NSIC Rc 130 which produced more tillers per hill.

As stated by Vergara (1992) the number of tillers produced depend upon many
factors such as variety and certain conditions in the field.

Effect of animal manure. Similarly, plants applied with cow and carabao
manuresregistered higher productive tillers than those applied with goat manure. This
indicated that cow and carabao manurehastened development of productive tillers in rice.
Interaction
effect. Significant interaction of variety and animal manure was
observed on the number of productive tillers per hill of rice.
As shown in Figure 2 it was observed that all rice varieties responded to cow and
carabao manure application favorably higher than goat manure application.

















Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
in Bolinao, Pangasinan / Helardo C.Ragodo Jr.. 2006

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9

i
l 8

e
r
h
p 7

i
l
l
e
rs
6
v
ery
t
Contro
r l
i
ve 5

Cow m
w a
m nure
r
f
reco
uct 4
Ca
C ra
r bao ma
o m nure
4
r
r
od

a
y
s
o
Go
G at ma
m nure
p
nur
3
D
e
r
of
2

b
m
u 1
N

0
PSB R
B c
R 8
c 2
NSIC
I Rc
R 128
c
NSIC
I Rc
R 130
c

Var
Va i
r e
i ty
t

Figure 2. Interaction effect of varieties and animal manure on the number of productive
tillers per hill of rice








Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
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Number of Days From Booting to Heading

Effect of varieties. PSB Rc 82 produced heads 13 days after booting. NSIC Rc
128 and NSIC Rc 20 were the latest to produce heads at 17 days from booting to heading
(Table 2). Factors affecting early booting and heading of rice plants evaluated could be
varietal characteristics and the environment.
Effect of animal manure. Plants applied with cow manure and carabao manure
were the earliest to produce heads within 15 days after booting that was one day ahead
than those plants applied with goat manure. Plants grown in plots with no fertilizer
applied were the latest to produce heads which took 17 days from booting. This could be
due to NPK content of animal manures that enhanced heading or rice plants.

Table 2. Number of days from booting to heading and from transplanting to ripening of
three rice varieties applied with different animal manures

NUMBER OF DAYS FROM:
TREATMENT
BOOTING TO
TRANSPLANTING TO
HEADING
RIPENING/MATURITY
Variety (A)


PSB Rc 82 (check)
13b
93c
NSIC Rc 128
17ab
118a
NSIC Rc 130
17a
110b
Animal manure (B)


No fertilizer
17a
112q
Cow manure
15c
109c
Carabao manure
15c
109c
Goat manure
16b
110b
A x B
**
**
CV% 1.08
0
Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level using
DMRT.

Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
in Bolinao, Pangasinan / Helardo C.Ragodo Jr.. 2006

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Interaction
effect. Significant interaction effect of variety of rice and animal
manure on the number on days from booting to heading was observed (Figure 3). It was
observed that all the three varieties applied with cow and carabao application were the
earliest to produce heads than those plants applied with other fertilizer treatments.
Significant differences could be due to NPK content available in animal manures used.


















Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
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17.5

17
g
i
n

e
ad 16.5
o

h

g
t
Co ntro l
16
i
n
Co w m anure
o
ot

b 15.5
Carabao manure
r
o
m
f
15
Go at m anure

a
ys
d 14.5

e
r

of
14
mb

u
N
PSB Rc 82
NSIC Rc 128
NSIC Rc 130
Variety




Figure 3. Interaction of varieties and animal manure on the number of days from booting
to heading









Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
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Number of Days from Transplanting to Ripening
Effect of varieties. The earliest to mature was PSB Rc 82 (check) 93 days after
transplanting (DAT), followed by NSIC Rc 130 which matured 24 days later (Table 2).
The latest to mature was NSIC Rc 128 at 118 (DAT). The maturity of a rice plant is
strongly influenced by its varietal characteristics and the length of the day during the
season in which the crop was grown.
Effect of animal manure. Plants applied with cow manure and carabao manure
were the earliest to ripen at 109 days from transplanting. The unfertilized plants were the
latest to ripen. This could be due to insufficient NPK content available in the soil for
better growth and development of rice plant.
Interaction effect. Highly significant interaction of varieties of rice and the
different animal manures was observed on the number of days from booting to heading
(Table 2). As shown in Figure 4 it was observed that the response of rice varieties to cow
and carabao manure application were earlier than other animal manure used. Significant
differences of animal manures could be due to genetic make-up of the rice varieties and
different nutrient contents animal manures used.







Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
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112.5
i
n
e
n
112

i
p
r 111.5
g
to

n
111
ti
l
a
n 110.5
Control

sp
Cow manure
110
a
n
tr
Carabao manure
109.5

o
m
Goat manure
109
f fr

108.5
e
r
o

mb
108
u

N 107.5

PSB Rc 82
NSIC Rc 128
NSIC Rc 130


Variety



Figure 4. Interaction of variety and animal manures on the number of days from
transplanting to ripening


















Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
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Length of Panicles at Harvest

Effect of varieties. Among the rice varieties evaluated NSIC Rc and NSIC Rc 128
registered longer panicles more than 30 cm (Table 3). Shorter panicles were noted from
PSB Rc 82 with 29.92 cm. The highly significant differences noted among varieties could
be attributed to varietal characteristics.

Table 3. Length of the panicles at harvest and number of grains per panicle of three rice
varieties applied with different animal manures

LENGTH OF PANICLES
NUMBER OF GRAINS
TREATMENT
(cm)
PER PANICLE
Variety A


PSB Rc 82 (check)
29.92b
86c
NSIC Rc 128
30.50ab
90b
NSIC Rc 130
31.11a
94a
Animal manure (B)


No fertilizer
29.25b
87d
Cow manure
31.07a
93a
Carabao manure
31.07a
91b
Goat manure
30.74ab
89C
A x B
ns
ns
CV% 2.68
2.00
Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level using
DMRT.



Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
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Effect of animal manure. Statistically, highly significant differences on the length
of the panicle of rice plants applied among different animal manures. Plants applied with
cow manure and carabao manure had the longest panicle of 31 cm. Plants fertilized with
no fertilizer applied noted the shortest panicle at harvest. This could be due to the genetic
make up of the rice plants to different animal manures.
Interaction
effect. No significant interaction effect of variety and animal manure
was observed or the length of the panicle at harvest.

Number of Grains Per Panicle

Effect of varieties. NSIC Rc 130 had the highest number of grains per panicle (94)
while RSB Rc 82 had the least number of grains (Table 3). NSIC Rc 130 which had the
highest number of productive tillers although matured later had the most number of filled
grains. According to Vergara (1983) varieties which mature longer often give the highest
number of filled grains. Such varieties permit the production of sufficient tillers and leaf
area that result in well filled grains.

Effect of animal manure. The highest number of grains per panicle was noted in
plants applied with cow and carabao manures. The lowest number of grains per panicle
was recorded from unfertilized plants. This could be due to lack of nutrients in the soil
which rice plants developed lower number of grains.
Interaction
effect. It was observed that animal manure and variety had no
significant interaction effect on the number of grains per panicle of rice. It was observed
that plants applied with cow manure had the highest number of grains produced than
those other animal manures. This could be due to higher nutrients available in cow
manure than in other animal manures used.
Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
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Grain Yield Per Plot

Effect of varieties. NSIC Rc 128 had the highest grain yield per plot (5m2) as
compared to NSIC Rc 130 and PSB Rc 82 (Table 4). Higher grain yield per plot of NSIC
Rc 128 may be attributed to their long panicles that contained more grains.
Effect of animal manure. Higher yield was recorded in plants grown in fertilized
plots than those plants grown in unfertilized plots (Table 4). Plants applied with cow
manure produced the highest grain yield per plot. Higher yield could be attributed mainly
to the nutrients available on animal manures used.
Interaction effect. Variety and animal manure manure had no significant
interaction effect on the grain yield of rice per plot.

Table 4. Grain yield per plot and computed yield per hectare of three varieties of rice
applied with different animal manures

GRAIN YIELD PER
COMPUTED YIELD PER
TREATMENT
PLOT (kg)
HECTARE (tons/ha)
Variety A


PSB Rc 82 (check)
2.11c
4.05b
NSIC Rc 128
2.74a
5.48a
NSIC Rc 130
2.62b
5.24a
Animal manure (B)


No fertilizer
1.21b
2.42b
Cow manure
3.05a
6.42a
Carabao manure
2.86ab
5.72a
Goat manure
2.83ab
5.66a
A x B
ns
ns
CV% 15.21
12.15
Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level using
DMRT.


Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
in Bolinao, Pangasinan / Helardo C.Ragodo Jr.. 2006

---

24
Computed Yield Per Hectare

Effect of varieties. Higher computed yield per hectare noted was in NSIC Rc 128
and NSIC Rc 130 which produced more than 5 tons/ha. It was one ton higher than the
yield per hectare of PSB Rc 82 (Table 4).

Effect of animal manure. Plants applied with animal manures registered the higher
yield per hectare than the unfertilized plants. This could be attributed due to more grains
of rice plants applied with animal manures than those unfertilized plants which had the
lower yield per hectare.
Interaction
effect. There was no significant interaction effect observed or
computed yield per hectare (tons/ha) of three varieties applied with different animal
manures.

Reaction to Blast and Stem Borer

Effect of varieties. It was observed that all varieties exhibited resistant reaction to
rice and stem borer.

Effect of animal manure. The plants applied with animal manure were resistant to
blast and stem borer.
Interaction
effect. There was no significant interaction effect observed on the
reaction to blast and stem borer of three rice varieties applied with different animal
manures.

Return on Cash Expense (ROCE)

NSIC Rc 128 gave the highest ROCE (90.28%) while PSB Rc 852 had the lowest
(Table 5).
Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
in Bolinao, Pangasinan / Helardo C.Ragodo Jr.. 2006

---

25

The unfertilized plants registered the highest ROCE (81.46%) while those plants
applied with cow, carabao, and goat manures had the lowest ROCE. This implies that
high ROCE realized from the rice grown in plots with no fertilizer treatment was due to
lower cost of production.


Table 5. Return on cash expense (ROCE) of three rice varieties applied with different
animal manures per 5m2 plot

GROSS
COST OF
NET
YIELD
ROCE
TREATMENT
SALE
PRODUCTION INCOME
(kg/plot)
(%)
(PhP)
(PhP)
(PhP)
Variety A





PSB Rc 82
2.11
52.75
36.00
16.75
46.53
NSIC Rc 128
2.74
68.5
36.00
32.5
90.28
NSIC Rc 130
2.62
65.5
36.00
29.5
81.94
Animal manure (B)





No fertilizer
1.21
30.25
16.67
13.58
81.46
Cow manure
3.05
76.25
50.25
26.00
51.4
Carabao manure
2.86
71.5
48.54
22.96
47.30
Goat manure
2.83
76.75
49.25
21.5
43.65
• Total expenses include land preparation, cost of animal manure care and
management including weeding and irrigation.

• Sold at Php 25.00 per kilo in February 2008.








Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
in Bolinao, Pangasinan / Helardo C.Ragodo Jr.. 2006

---

26
Soil Chemical Properties

Initial properties of the soil. The initial pH of the soil was 6-0 indicating that soil
was slightly acidic with organic matter content of 2.0%. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and
potassium contents of the soil were 0.15%, 20 ppm and 140 ppm respectively (Table 6).

Final pH of the soil. After harvest, the pH of the soil applied with different animal
manures was similar at a pH of 6.0.

Organic matter content of the soil. The organic content of the soil applied with
cow manure and goat manure had increased by 0.5% from the initial pH while the soil
applied with carabao manure was similar with organic matter content of 2.0%.

Table 6. Soil pH, organic matter (OM), nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of
the soil before and after planting

OM
N
P
K
TREATMENT pH
(%)
(%)
(ppm)
(ppm)
Before plating
6.0
2.0
0.15
20
140
After planting





Cow manure
6.0
2.5
0.17
20
240
Carabao manure
6.0
2.0
0.15
18
200
Goat manure
6.0
2.5
0.20
32
204






Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
in Bolinao, Pangasinan / Helardo C.Ragodo Jr.. 2006

---

27
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

The study was conducted in Bolinao, Pangasinan to evaluate the growth and yield
of three varieties applied with different animal manures, determine the effect of animal
manure application on growth and yield or rice, determine the interaction effect of variety
and animal manure on rice growth and yield, and to determine the economic benefit of
growing three rice varieties applied with decomposed animal manures in Bolinao,
Pangasinan.

Based on the result of the study, the three HYV’s of rice evaluated significantly
differed in growth and yield as affected by animal manure application. NSIC Rc 128 and
NSIC Rc 130 seedlings recovered within 22 days after transplanting. In terms of
productive tillers per hill, NSIC Rc 130 registered the highest. The variety which first
booted was PSB Rc 82. NSIC Rc 128 recorded the longest panicle. All HYV’s were rated
resistant to blast and stem borer resistance.

Highly significant differences among the decomposed animal manures use in this
study were observed on the period of recovery, number of tillers at maximum tillering
stage, number of productive tillers per hill, number of days from transplanting to
ripening, length of the panicle at harvest, grain yield per plot, and computed yield per
hectare.

No significant interaction effect of variety and animal manures observed on the
number of tillers at maximum tillering stage, length of the panicle at harvest, grain yield
per plot, computed yield per hectare and reaction to blast and stem borer.
Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
in Bolinao, Pangasinan / Helardo C.Ragodo Jr.. 2006

---

28

Among the rice varieties tested NSIC Rc 128 gave the highest (ROCE) followed
by NSIC Rc 130. The plants grown in plots with no fertilizer applied recorded the highest
ROCE.

Soil chemical properties were improved with application of animal manure.

Conclusions

NSIC Rc 128 and NSIC Rc 130 are the best performing varieties since both had
better growth and yield than check variety PSB Rc 82 in Bolinao, Pangasinan. The
varieties obtained the highest number of tillers at maximum tillering stage, highest
number of productive tillers per hill, longest panicle harvest, highest number of grains per
panicle, highest computed yield per hectare and highest ROCE.

The best animal manure applied was cow manure. Plants applied with cow
manure had the best growth and highest grain yield per plot. But based on computed yield
per hectare, the application of animal manures like cow, carabao or goat manure resulted
in significantly higher grain yield/ha than the yield of unfertilized plants.

The application of animal manures in rice did not give better ROCE. Highest
ROCE was obtained from growing rice without animal manure application. However, the
soil chemical properties were improved with the application of animal manure.

Recommendations

NSIC Rc 128 and NSIC 130 are recommended to rice farmers in Bolinao,
Pangasinan to produce higher grain yield and profit. Application of animal manure may
be done for better growth and yield of rice although resulted in lesser economic benefit,
but soil chemical properties could be improved.
Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
in Bolinao, Pangasinan / Helardo C.Ragodo Jr.. 2006

---

29
LITERATURE CITED

BRADY, N. G. 1990. The Nature and Properties of Soil. 10th Ed. New York Mc. Millan
Publishing Co Inc. Pp. 294-295.

CHONG, R. S. 2005. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific
Region. Retrieved March 15, 2009 from http://www.fftc.org./html/

CUEVAS, V.C. 1992. Rapid Composting of Rice Straw for On-Site Fertilizer Production.
UP Los Baños Laguna. Pp. 44-45.

FAO, 1990. Managing an Area Action Program for Rice-Based Farming System Los
Baños, Laguna. P. 115.

JEARBUNYOK, 1985. Improving the Productivity of Scraped Soil for Wetland Rice
Production. Central Luzon State University. P. 10.

LEKASI, J.K. J.C. TANNER, S.K. KIMANI and P.S.C. HARDIS 1998. Manure
Management in the Kenya Highlands: Practices and Potential, HDRA, Ryton
Organic Gardens, U.K. P.25.

PARNES, 1986. Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Woods and Agricultural College, IRRI,
Los Baños, Laguna. Pp. 14-15.

PCARRD, 1982. The Philippine Recommends for Fertilizer Management Technical
Bulletin Series No. 52. Los Baños, Laguna.

PCARRDS, 1999. The Philippine Recomments for Soil Fertility Management. Los
Baños, Laguna. Pp 14-15.

PHILRICE, 1996. Tice Production Technologies – Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. Pp.
19-20.

SANCHES, P. A. 1981. Productivity of Soils in Rainfall Farming System. IRRI, Los
Baños, Laguna. Pp. 14-15.

TEASON, J. 1994. World Book from Information Finder. Inc. 525 W. Monroe Chicago,
IL 60661. All rights reserved.

UPLB, 1983. Rice Productive Manual for NFAC – UPLB Countryside Action Program.
UPLB, Laguna, Philippines. Pp. 4-7-8.

VERGARA, B.S. 1992. A Farmers Primer on Growing rice. International Rice Resesarch
Institute. Los Baños, Laguna. Pp. 3-4.

Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
in Bolinao, Pangasinan / Helardo C.Ragodo Jr.. 2006

---

30
WORLD BOOK. 2004. The World Book Encyclopedia Volume 16. Pp. 324-325.
























Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
in Bolinao, Pangasinan / Helardo C.Ragodo Jr.. 2006

---

31
APPENDICES

Appendix Table 1. Days to recovery of three rice varieties applied with different animal
manures

TREATMENT BLOCK TOTAL MEAN
I II
III
V1F0
24
24
24
72
24
F1
22
22
22
66
22
F2
22
22
22
66
22
F3
22
22
22
66
22
V2F0
24
24
24
72
24
F1
21
21
21
63
21
F2
21
21
21
63
21
F3
22
22
22
66
22
V3F0
24
24
24
72
24
F1
21
21
21
63
21
F2
21
21
21
63
21
F3
22
22
22
66
22
TOTAL 226
266
266
798
22.2

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
TABULAR
SOURCE OF
DEGREE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
5% 1%
Blocks
2
0
0



Variety (A)
2
2
1
∞* *
3.44 5.72
Organic Fertilizer (B)
3
43
14.3
∞* *
3.05 4.82
A X B
6
2
0.3
∞* *
2.5
3.76
Experimental Error
22
0
0

TOTAL 35
47

**
highly
significant
Cv
=
0%







Sx(A) = 0







Sx (B) = 0







Sx (AxB) = 0
Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
in Bolinao, Pangasinan / Helardo C.Ragodo Jr.. 2006

---

32
Appendix Table 2. Number of tillers at maximum tillering stage of three rice varieties
applied with different animal manures

BLOCK
TREATMENT
TOTAL MEAN
I II
III
V1F0
12.3
12.5
12.9
37.7
12.57
F1
14.3
14.4
14.2
43.3
14.47
F2
4.2
14.3
14.5.
43
14.33
F3
13.3
13.2
13
39.4
13.17
V2F0
13.2
12.9
12.3
38.4
12.8
F1
152
14.9
15.3
45.4
15.13
F2
14.5
14.4
14.2
43.1
14.36
F3
14.2
13.14
13.9
41.5
13.83
V3F0
12.4
13.2
13.4
39
13
F1
16.3
15.4
16.2
47.9
15.97
F2
15.2
15.6
15.9
46.7
15.56
F3
14.2
15.4
14.9
44.5
14.83
TOTAL 169.3
170.1
170.1
510.1
14.17


ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
TABULAR
SOURCE OF
DEGREE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
5% 1%
Blocks
2
0.0822
0.411



Variety (A)
2
9.0939
4.5469
29.56* *
3.44 5.72
Organic Fertilizer (B)
3
30.0542
10.0181
65.12* *
3.05 4.82
A X B
6
1.7617
0.2936
1.91ns
2.5
3.76
Experimental Error
22
3.3844
0.1538

TOTAL 35
44.3764


**
highly
significant
Cv
=
0%
*
-
significant
Sx
=
0
ns – not significant




Sx (B) = 0







Sx (AxB) = 0






Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
in Bolinao, Pangasinan / Helardo C.Ragodo Jr.. 2006

---

33
Appendix Table 3. Number of production tillers per hill of three varieties of rice applied
with different animal manures

BLOCK
TREATMENT
TOTAL MEAN
I II
III
V1F0
5.9
6.1
6.8
18.8
6.27
F1
7.1
7.8
6.4
21.3
7.1
F2
7.2
6.9
7.1
21.2
7.07
F3
6.2
7.1
6.9
20.2
6.73
V2F0
6.1
6.3
6.8
19.2
6.4
F1
8.2
7.9
8.3
24.4
8.13
F2
7.2
7.8
8.0
23
7.67
F3
7.0
7.2
7.4
21.6
7.2
V3F0
6.2
6.3
6.5
19
6.33
F1
8.9
8.2
8.7
25.8
8.6
F2
8.1
8.4
8.6
25.1
8.37
F3
7.1
7.3
7.8
22.2
7.4
TOTAL 85.2
87.3
89.3
261.8
87.27



ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
TABULAR
SOURCE OF
DEGREE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
5% 1%
Blocks
2
0.7006
0.3503



Variety (A)
2
4.906
2.3953
19.62* *
3.44 5.72
Organic Fertilizer (B)
3
13.8811
4.6270
37.90* *
3.05 4.82
A X B
6
2.0139
0.3356
2.75*
2.5
3.76
Experimental Error
22
2.6861
0.1221

TOTAL 35
24.0722


**
highly
significant
Cv
=
4.80%
*
-
significant
Sx
=
0.101
Sx
(B)
=
0.117
Sx
(AxB)
=
0.202






Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
in Bolinao, Pangasinan / Helardo C.Ragodo Jr.. 2006

---

34
Appendix Table 4. Number of days from booting to heading of three rice varieties
applied with different animal manures

BLOCK
TREATMENT
TOTAL MEAN
I II
III
V1F0
14
14
14
42
14
F1
12
12
12
36
12
F2
12
12
12
36
12
F3
12
13
13
38
12.7
V2F0
18
18
18
54
18
F1
16
16
16
48
16
F2
16
16
16
48
16
F3
17
17
17
51
17
V3F0
19
19
19
57
19
F1
16
16
16
48
16
F2
16
16
16
48
16
F3
17
17
17
51
17
TOTAL 185
186
186
557
185.7



ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
TABULAR
SOURCE OF
DEGREE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
5% 1%
Blocks
2
0.7006
0.3503



Variety (A)
2
4.906
2.3953
19.62* *
3.44 5.72
Organic Fertilizer (B)
3
13.8811
4.6270
37.90* *
3.05 4.82
A X B
6
2.0139
0.3356
2.75*
2.5
3.76
Experimental Error
22
2.6861
0.1221

TOTAL 35
24.0722


**
highly
significant
Cv
=
1.08%
Sx
=
0.048
Sx
(B)
=
0.056
Sx
(AxB)
=
0.096






Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
in Bolinao, Pangasinan / Helardo C.Ragodo Jr.. 2006

---

35
Appendix Table 5. Number of days from transplanting to ripening of three varieties or
rice applied with different animal manures

BLOCK
TREATMENT
TOTAL MEAN
I II
III
V1F0
94
94
94
282
94
F1
92
92
92
276
92
F2
92
92
92
276
92
F3
92
92
92
276
92
V2F0
120
120
120
360
120
F1
117
117
117
357
117
F2
116
116
116
348
116
F3
118
118
118
354
118
V3F0
122
122
122
366
122
F1
118
118
118
354
118
F2
118
119
118
354
118
F3
120
120
120
360
120
TOTAL 1319
1319
1314
3957
119.5


ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

TABULAR
SOURCE OF
DEGREE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
5% 1%
Blocks
2
0
0.3503



Variety (A)
2
5478.5
2739.25
∞* *
3.44 5.72
Organic Fertilizer (B)
3
60.75
20.25
∞* *
3.05 4.82
A X B
6
7.5
1.25
∞* *
2.55 3.76
Experimental Error
22
0
0

TOTAL 35
24.0722


**
highly
significant
Cv
=
0%







Sx = 0







Sx (B) = 0







Sx (AxB) = 0
Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
in Bolinao, Pangasinan / Helardo C.Ragodo Jr.. 2006

---

36
Appendix Table 6. Length of the panicle at harvest (cm) of three rice varieties applied
with different animal manures

BLOCK
TREATMENT
TOTAL MEAN
I II
III
V1F0
26.29
29.43
29.71
85.43
28.48
F1
30.47
30.55
30.65
91.67
30.56
F2
31.22
30.29
30.38
90.54
30.18
F3
29.87
30.04
30.16
90.07
30.02
V2F0
22.37
30.25
39.71
87.33
29.11
F1
30.56
31.86
31.50
93.92
31.31
F2
31.25
30.75
31.35
93.35
31.12
F3
30.35
30.41
30.63
91.39
30.46
V3F0
29.82
30.27
30.43
90.53
30.17
F1
31.28
31.55
30.37
92.2
30.73
F2
32.0
31.15
31.28
94.43
31.48
F3
32.5
31.25
31.47
95.22
31.74
TOTAL 362.98
367.8
367.64
1096.07
365.42



ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
TABULAR
SOURCE OF
DEGREE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
5% 1%
Blocks
2
1.2493
0.6246



Variety (A)
2
8.5352
4.2676
6.40* *
3.44 5.72
Organic Fertilizer (B)
3
19.5255
6.5085
9.77* *
3.05 4.82
A X B
6
2.6092
0.4349
0.65*
2.5
3.76
Experimental Error
22
14.6599
0.6664

TOTAL 35
46.5741


**
highly
significant
Cv
=
2.68%
ns - not significant




Sx = 0.236
Sx
(B)
=
0.272
Sx
(AxB)
=
0.471

Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
in Bolinao, Pangasinan / Helardo C.Ragodo Jr.. 2006

---

37
Appendix Table 7. Number of grain per panicle of three varieties of rice applied with
different animal manures

BLOCK
TREATMENT
TOTAL MEAN
I II
III
V1F0
78.4
88.6
83.4
250.4
83.47
F1
87.4
88.2
88.9
264.5
88.17
F2
84.6
85.1
86.4
256.1
85.37
F3
83.8
84.4
86.7
255.9
85.3
V2F0
88.7
88.4
88.1
265.2
88.4
F1
91.2
88.9
90.2
271.1
90.43
F2
90.7
90.4
90.9
272
90.67
F3
89.6
89.9
90.2
269.7
89.4
V3F0
89.1
88.6
88.4
366.1
88.7
F1
100.4
98.6
97.8
296.8
98.93
F2
100.2
97.2
96.3
293.7
97.9
F3
90.4
90.8
90.2
271.4
90.47
TOTAL 1083.5
1092.4
1072.5
3233.1
1077.7


ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
TABULAR
SOURCE OF
DEGREE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
5% 1%
Blocks
2
0.1788
0.0894



Variety (A)
2
2.7082
1.3541
9.45* *
3.44 5.72
Organic Fertilizer (B)
3
19.7695
6.5898
0.76ns
3.05 4.82
A X B
6
0.801
0.1336
0.93ns
2.5
3.76
Experimental Error
22
3.1508
0.1432

TOTAL 35
46.5741


ns - not significant




Cv = 15.21%
Sx
=
0.109
Sx
(B)
=
0.126
Sx
(AxB)
=
0.219






Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
in Bolinao, Pangasinan / Helardo C.Ragodo Jr.. 2006

---

38
Appendix Table 8. Grain yield per plot (kg) of three rice varieties applied with different
animal manures

BLOCK
TREATMENT
TOTAL MEAN
I II
III
V1F0
1.0
1.12
1.15
3.27
1.09
F1
3.8
2.15
2.5
7.45
2.48
F2
2.10
2.17
2.7
6.97
2.32
F3
2.5
2.0
2.10
6.6
2.2
V2F0
1.9
1.15
1.0
4.05
1.35
F1
3.0
3.10
3.5
9.8
3.26
F2
3.15
3.0
3.5
9.85
3.28
F3
3.5
3.0
3.10
9.6
3.2
V3F0
1.0
1.5
1.10
3.6
1.2
F1
2.9
3.1
3.4
9.4
3.13
F2
3.0
2.9
3.2
9.1
3.03
F3
2.8
3.5
3.0
9.3
3.1
TOTAL 30.6
28.69
30.25
88.99
15.26



ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
TABULAR
SOURCE OF
DEGREE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
5% 1%
Blocks
2
0.1788
0.0894



Variety (A)
2
2.7082
1.3541
9.45* *
3.44 5.72
Organic Fertilizer (B)
3
19.7695
6.5898
46.01* *
3.05 4.82
A X B
6
0.8014
0.1336
0.93ns
2.5
3.76
Experimental Error
22
3.1508
0.1432

TOTAL 35
46.5741


**
highly
significant
Cv
=
4.80%
ns - not significant




Sx = 0.109
Sx
(B)
=
0.126
Sx
(AxB)
=
0.219






Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
in Bolinao, Pangasinan / Helardo C.Ragodo Jr.. 2006

---

39
Appendix Table 9. Computed yield per hectare (tons/ha) pf three varieties of the applied
with different animal manures

BLOCK
TREATMENT
TOTAL MEAN
I II
III
V1F0
2.0
2.24
2.3
6.52
2.17
F1
5.6
4.3
5.0
14.9
4.97
F2
4.2
4.34
5.4
13.94
4.65
F3
5.0
4.0
4.2
13.2
4.4
V2F0
3.8
2.3
2.0
8.1
2.7
F1
6.0
6.2
7.4
19.6
6.53
F2
6.3
6.0
7.0
19.3
6.43
F3
6.0
6.2
7.0
19.2
6.4
V3F0
2.0
3.0
2.2
7.2
2.4
F1
5.8
6.2
6.8
18.8
6.27
F2
6.0
5.8
6.4
18.2
6.2
F3
5.6
7.0
6.0
18.6
6.07
TOTAL 58.3
57.48
61.7
177.56
15.19



ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
TABULAR
SOURCE OF
DEGREE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
5% 1%
Blocks
2
0.8070
0.4035



Variety (A)
2
14.5620
7.2810
20.28* *
3.44 5.72
Organic Fertilizer (B)
3
75.6983
25.2328
70.29* *
3.05 4.82
A X B
6
2.6854
0.4476
1.25ns
2.5
3.76
Experimental Error
22
7.8976
0.3590

TOTAL 35
46.5741


**
highly
significant
Cv
=
12.15%
ns - not significant




Sx = 0.173
Sx
(B)
=
0.200
Sx
(AxB)
=
0.346
Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
in Bolinao, Pangasinan / Helardo C.Ragodo Jr.. 2006

---

40






Appendix Table 10. Reaction to stem borer (white heads) of three varieties rice applied
with different animal manures

BLOCK
TREATMENT
TOTAL MEAN
I II
III
V1F0
1
2
1
4
1.3
F1
1
1
3
5
1.66
F2
1
2
1
4
1.33
F3
1
1
1
3
1.0
V2F0
1
1
2
4
1.33
F1
1
1
1
3
1.0
F2
3
1
1
5
1.66
F3
2
1
1
4
1.33
V3F0
2
1
2
5
1.66
F1
2
1
1
4
1.33
F2
1
1
2
4
1.0
F3
1
2
2
4
1.33
TOTAL 17
14
17
47



ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
TABULAR
SOURCE OF
DEGREE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
5% 1%
Blocks
2
0.1667




Variety (A)
2
0
0
0ns
3.44 5.72
Organic Fertilizer (B)
3
0.222
0.0741
0.17ns
3.05 4.82
A X B
6
1.7778
0.2963
0.66ns
2.5
3.76
Experimental Error
22
9.8333
0.4470

TOTAL 35
12.000


ns - not significant




Cv = 14%
Sx
=
0.19
Sx
(B)
=
0.223
Sx
(AxB)
=
0.386
Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
in Bolinao, Pangasinan / Helardo C.Ragodo Jr.. 2006

---

41
Appendix Table 11. Reaction to blast (neck rot) of three varieties of rice applied with
different animal manures

BLOCK
TREATMENT
TOTAL MEAN
I II
III
V1F0
1
1
2
4
1.33
F1
2
1
1
4
1.33
F2
1
3
1
5
1.66
F3
1
2
1
4
1.33
V2F0
1
3
1
5
1.3
F1
1
1
2
4
1.66
F2
1
1
1
3
1.0
F3
1
2
1
4
1.33
V3F0
1
2
2
5
1.66
F1
1
1
1
3
1.0
F2
1
2
1
4
1.33
F3
2
2
1
5
1.66
TOTAL 14
21
15
51
8.34




ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
TABULAR
SOURCE OF
DEGREE OF
SUM OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED
VARIATION
FREEDOM
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
5% 1%
Blocks
2
2.3889
1.1944



Variety (A)
2
0.556
0.0278
0.07ns
3.44 5.72
Organic Fertilizer (B)
3
0.556
0.1852
0.49ns
3.05 4.82
A X B
6
1.2778
0.1130
0.57ns
2.5
3.76
Experimental Error
22
8.2778
0.3763

TOTAL 35
12.5558


ns - not significant




Cv = 4.80%
Sx
=
0.109
Sx
(B)
=
0.126
Sx
(AxB)
=
0.219
Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties
in Bolinao, Pangasinan / Helardo C.Ragodo Jr.. 2006

---

Document Outline

• Effect of Animal Manure Application on the Growth and Yield of Three Rice Varieties in Bolinao, Pangasinan
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • ABSTRACT
  • TABLE OF CONTENTS
  • INTRODUCTION
  • REVIEW OF LITERATURE
  • MATERIALS AND METHODS
  • RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
  • SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • LITERATURE CITED
  • APPENDICES

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