BIBLIOGRAPHY BAGAYAO, CLIFFORD C. 2011....
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BAGAYAO, CLIFFORD C. 2011. Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the
Production of Gourmet Potato. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Janet P. Pablo, MSc.
ABSTRACT
BAGAYAO, CLIFFORD C. 2011. Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the
Production of Gourmet Potato. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Janet P. Pablo, MSc.
The performance of gourmet potato as affected by planting distance and variety was
evaluated. It was observed that plants spaced closer at 10 cm x10 cm and 15 cm x 15cm were
significantly the tallest and produced higher yield specially the small sized tuber.
Varieties had a significant effect on the growth and yield for the production of gourmet
potatoes. Raniag registered the highest number and weight of marketable tubers and gourmet
type potato and the tallest plants. However there was a significant reduction of growth and total
yield of ganza.
A significant interaction of spacing and varieties were noted on plants spaced closer at 10
cm x 10 cm, 15 cm x 15 cm and Raniag had better growth performance and higher yield in terms
of marketable and gourmet potato tubers. Plants spaced wider at 30 cm x 30 cm and using Ganza
variety produced the lowest yield.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography………………………………………………………………………. i
Abstract………………………………………………………………………….... i
Table of Contents………………………………………………………………….
ii
INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………… 1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE……………………………………………………..
2
MATERIALS AND METHODS………………………………………………….
6
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION…………………………………………………..
11
Plant Survival……………………………………………………………...
11
Plant Height………………………………………………………………..
11
Number of Marketable Tubers…………………………………………….
14
Weight of Marketable Tubers……………………………………………..
17
Number and Weight of
Non-Marketable Tuber………………………….....................................
20
Total and Computed Yield………………………………………...………
21
Reaction to Late Blight and
Leaf Miner………………………………………………………………....
23
Number and Weight and Total
Yield of Small and Marble-
Sized Tuber for Gourmet Potato…………………………………………..
23
Return on Cash Expense (ROCE)…………………………………………
25
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS…………………
27
Summary………………………………………………………………….. 27
Conclusions……………………………………………………………….. 28
Recommendations…………………………………………………………. 28
LITERATURE CITED…………………………………………………………….
29
APPENDICES…………………………………………………………………….. 30
INTRODUCTION
The demand for small, gourmet, fresh market potatoes has increased in recent years.
Production of small potatoes can be enhanced through management, although tuber size and
number is not entirely under the grower’s control. Producers wishing to grow for this specialty
market can follow a production plan to produce small potatoes, or they can grade out the small
tubers from a mixed size tuber lot. Several factors contribute to small tuber size. Gourmet
potatoes may be small, but that doesn’t mean they aren’t practical – or full of flavor. In fact, their
small size and unique shapes allow for faster cooking times and make them extra tasty and
delicious (Delanoy, 2003).
During this time of the year marble size baby potatoes are usually available at most
supermarkets for reason that there is a greater demand. Significant numbers of Pinoy prefer to
use small and marble potatoes for their potato salad instead of the regular sized potatoes for
better presentation. Young potatoes are also nuttier compared to the regular potatoes (Satanic et
al., 2004).
Many experiments have demonstrated the influence of plant spacing on potato tuber yield
and size, but little information is available on how spacing affects growth, and how plants
compensate when grown close together or wide apart. Smaller daughter tubers are obtained by
planting at a closer spacing, which increases competition between plants resulting in smaller
daughter tubers (Vander et al., 1990).
The study aimed to:
1. determine the best variety of potato gourmet production;
2. determine the best distance for the production of potato gourmet production;
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
2
3. determine the interaction effect of the two potato varieties and the different planting
distance; and
4. determine the profitability of growing potato for gourmet production.
The study was conducted at the BSU Experimental Station at Balili, La Trinidad,
Benguet from May to August 2010.
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Botanical Description
Potato varieties bear flower containing asexual parts. Flowers are mostly cross-pollinated
by other potato plants, including by insects, but a substantial amount of self fertilizing occurs.
Any potato variety can also be propagated vegetative by planting pieces of existing tubers, cut to
include at least one eye. Some commercial varieties of potatoes do not produce seed at all (they
bear imperfect, single-sex flowers) and are propagated only from tuber pieces. Confusingly,
these pieces can bear the name “seed potatoes”. In French, potatoes are “pommes de Terre” –
literally meaning apples of the earth (ATTRA, 2009).
After potato plants flower, some varieties will produce small green fruit that look similar
to green cherry tomatoes. These produce seeds like other fruits. Each of the fruit can contain up
to 300 true seeds. One can separate seeds from the fruits by putting them in a blender on a slow
speed with some water, then leaving them in water for a day so that the seeds will sink and the
rest of the fruit will float. However, some horticulturists sell chimeras by grafting a tomato plant
into a potato plant, which can produce both edible tomatoes and potatoes (North Dakota State
University, 1997).
When plants flower, you can harvest a few new potatoes from around the edge of each
plant. New potatoes aren’t just small potatoes they’re immature spuds whose sugar hasn’t yet
converted to starch, as it has in fully developed tubers. That’s why new potatoes are deliciously
sweet and why they’re best when used. There are several basic planting techniques, each with an
infinite number of permutations. In row gardens, plants tuber or chunks 4 inches deep and 18
inches apart in rows 2 feet apart. If you’d prefer to plant in hills, mound as you would. You can
also plant potatoes in compost piles or in soil-filled. Generally, the more space you gave the
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
4
plants to develop, the higher yields will be at harvest moderately after harvest (North Dakota
State University, 1999).
Gourmet
The demand for small, gourmet, fresh potatoes has increased in recent years. Production
of small gourmet potatoes can be enhanced through management, although tuber size and
number is not entirely under the grower’s control. Producers wishing to grow for this specially
market can follow a production plan to produce small potatoes, or they can grade out the small
tubers from mixed sized tuber lot (Delanoy and Schaupmeyer, 2003).
Gourmet or small grade potatoes are of growing interest to certain markets around the world
and in parts of the United States. Although small-sized potatoes could be sorted out of a regular
potato harvest, cultural practices can be used to purposefully grow a higher percentage of smaller
potatoes for this market (Manittoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Initiatives, 2004).
Plant Spacing
Plant spacing closer than optimal plant spacing has a similar effect on tuber growth as
does aged seed in that it increases tuber density relative to canopy size, thereby limiting the
photosynthetic capacity to bulk each tuber. Although total yields may not be reduced, bulking
rates of individual tubers decrease these results in smaller tubers and lower marketable yields.
Wider than optimal spacing can lengthen the time it takes to reach full canopy, which reduces
carbohydrate supply to the tubers (Dwelle, 1993).
Plant spacing is another management practice that has a large influence on the number
and size of tubers per acre is in-row plan spacing. As seed pieces are spaced closer together,
tuber size and numbers per plant typically decreases. However, because the seed pieces are
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
5
spaced closer together, the resulting total plant population per acre increases, and the overall
tuber size and number per acre will also likely increase (Thornton, 2009).
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
6
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Land Preparation
An area of 150 m2 was thoroughly prepared and divided into 24 plots. Each plot measures
1m x 5m. The experiment was laid-out using factor-factorial arranged in Randomized Complete
Block Design (RCBD) with three replications.
The different treatments were as follows:
Factor A- (Variety)
V1 = Raniag
V2 = Ganza
Factor B- (Distance)
D1 = 10x10 cm
D2 = 15x15 cm
D3 = 20x20 cm
D4 = 25x25 cm
D5 = 30x30 cm
Cultural Management
One tuber per hill was planted in double rows using the different planting distances.
Crop protection such as weeding and spraying was done to ensure the good growth of the
plants. Weeding was done during the early stage of growth of the plants.
All other recommended cultural management practices for potato were uniformly
followed in all treatments.
The data gathered were:
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
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1. Vegetative Characters
a. Percentage survival. This was the number of plants that survived, taken 30 days after
planting and computed using the formula:
No. of surviving plants
% plant survival = x 100
Total number of plants
b. Initial and final hieight of potato (cm). Initial height was obtained by measuring the
plants from the ground level to the tip of the tallest shoot at 45 days DAP and final height was
obtained at maturity. Ten sample plants were selected at random and measured.
c. Plant vigor. This was taken every 30 days after planting (DAP) using the following
scale:
Scale
Remarks
1 Very
poor
growth
2 Poor
growth
3 Moderately
vigorous
4 Vigorous
5 Highly
vigorous
2. Yield and Yield Characters
a. Number weight of marketable tubers per plot (g). All tubers that have marketable size,
not malformed, free from diseases and without more than 10% greening of the total surface were
considered. The tubers were classified and weighed based on the following grades:
Size
Grams
Extra large tubers
96 g and above
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
8
Large
tubers
66
to
95
g
Medium tubers
46 to 65 g
Small
tubers
25
to
45
g
Marble
tubers
less
than
25
g
b. Number and weight of non-marketable tubers per plot (g). This was obtained by
counting all tubers that were disease infested and had 10% or more greening.
c. Total yield per plot (g). This was computed by getting the sum of marketable and non-
marketable tubers.
d. Computed yield (tons/ha). This was obtained by this formula:
Total
yield/plot
Computed yield (ton/ha) =
x 10,000 m
Plot size (m²)
3. Insect Pest and Diseases Incidence
a. Leaf miner incidence. This was taken 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after planting and was
rated using the scale of 1-5 (CIP, 2001).
Scale
Description
Remarks
1
less than 20% of plants
highly resistant
per
plot
affected
2
21-40% of plants per plot
moderately
resistant
infested
3
41-60% of plants per plot
susceptible
infested
4
61-80% of plants per plot
moderately susceptible
infested
Scale
Description
Remarks
5
81-100% of plants per plot
very susceptible
infested
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
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b. Late blight incidence. This was taken when the infestation of late blight was observed
at the vegetative stage and harvesting period using the CIP (2001) rating scale:
Blight (%) Scale
Description
0
1
no blight be seen
0.1
1
very few plants in larger plots with a lesion: not
more than two lesions per 5m of row (+ 30 plants).
1
2
up to 10 small lesions per plants
3
3
up to 30 small lesions per plants or up to one leaflet
on each 20 attacked.
10
4 most
plants
are
visibly
attacked, and one of three leaflets
infected. Few multiple infections per leaflet.
25
5 nearly
leaflet
with
lesions.
Multiple infections per leaflet
are common. Field or plot looks green, but all plants in plot
are
affected.
50
6
every plant affected and half the leaf destroyed by blight.
Plots
looks
green,
flecked
and brown, blight is very
obvious.
75
7
as previous, but three quarters of each plant affected by
blight. Lower branches may be overwhelmingly killed off
and only green if any, are at the top plant. Shape of plant
Blight (%) Scale
Description
maybe
more
spindly
due
to
extensive foliar loss. Plots look
neither higher brown nor green.
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
10
91
8
some leaves and most stems are green. Plots look brown
with
some
green
patches.
97
9
few green leaves most with lesions remain. Many stem
lesions.
Plots
look
brown.
100
10
All leaves and stems dead. No visible blight leaf to evaluate
Description: 1= highly resistant; 2-3= resistant; 4-5 = moderately resistant;
6-7 = modretely susceptible; 8-10 = susceptible
4. Return On Cash Expence (ROCE). This was computed using the following formula:
Gross sale – Total expenses
ROCE =
x 100
Total expenses
Data Analysis
All quantitative data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for Factor-
factorial arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The significance of
difference among the treatment means was tested using the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test
(DMRT).
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
11
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Plant Survival
Effect of variety. Table 1 shows the percentage of the potato varieties as affected by
planting distance. Significant differences were recorded on Raniag with the mean of 98.5%
compared to Ganza with a mean of 96.1%.
Effect of planting distance. Results showed that the different planting distance did not
significantly affect the plant survival among the treatment means. However, 25cm x 25 cm
registered a hundred percent survival.
Interaction
effect. No significant interaction was noted on the potato varieties and the
different planting distance on plant survival.
Plant Height
Effect of variety. Significant differences were observed on the plant height of the potato
at 45 and 90 DAP. Raniag had significantly taller plants of 81.3 cm initial height and final height
of 122.8 cm. The difference on the height of potato entries could be attributed to their genotypic
traits.
Effect of distance. Significantly taller plants were observed on plants sown at a distance
of 10 cm x 10 cm and 15 cm x 15 cm while the shortest plants were observed on plants sown at a
distance of 30 cm x 30 cm at 45 and 90 DAP.
Table 1. Plant survival and height of the potato varieties as affected by planting distance for the
production of gourmet potato
TREATMENT
PLANT SURVIVAL
HEIGHT (cm)
(%)
45 DAP 90 DAP
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
12
Variety
Raniag
98.50a
81.30a
122.80a
Ganza
96.10b
69.10b
102.50b
Distance
10cm x 10cm
97.00
90.50a
123.00a
15cm x 15cm
96.30
88.50a
121.60a
20cm x 20cm
95.00
84.70b
113.30c
25cm x 25cm
100.00
62.70c
108.50c
30cm x 30cm
98.00
50.00d
96.70d
V x D
ns
*
*
CV(%) A
12.11
0.400
2.54
B
4.01
1.98
2.49
Interaction effect. The interaction effect of the potato variety and planting distance
showed a significant difference on plant height at 45 and 90 DAP. The results may prove that
planting at closer distances and enhances plant height as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Number of Marketable Tubers
Effect of variety. The two varieties of potato used significantly affected the number of
marketable tubers produced. The highest number of marketable tubers in all sizes were observed
in Raniag with 32 XL, 41 large, 46 medium, 37 small, and 44 marble-sized tubers.
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
13
100
90
80
70
60
10cm x 10cm
15cm x 15cm
50
20cm x 20cm
40
25cm x 25cm
30
30cm x 30cm
20
10
0
Raniag
Ganza
Figure 1. Interaction effect of the potato varieties and planting distance on the plant height at
45 DAP
140
120
100
10cm x 10cm
80
15cm x 15cm
60
20cm x 20cm
25cm x 25cm
40
30cmx 30cm
20
0
Raniag
Ganza
Figure 2. Interaction effect of the potato varieties and planting distance on the plant height at 90
DAP
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
14
Effect of distance. As shown in Table 2, the closer the distance, the higher the number of
marketable tubers of various sizes were produced. Significantly highest number of tubers were
recorded in plants distanced at 10 x 10 cm and 15 x 15 cm with 51 and 48 marble sized tubers
produced, respectively. The lowest number of marketable tubers was noted in plants distanced at
25 cm x 25 cm and 30 cm x 30 cm of 24 and 19 marble sized tubers. As mentioned by Thornton
(2009), seed pieces spaced close together results to increase in tuber number per acre.
Interaction Effect. Significant interaction effect was observed on the number of
marketable tubers in all sizes (Figures 3a to d) except for the production of small sized tubers as
affected by the planting distance. Raniag potato variety planted at a distance of 10 cm x 10 cm
significantly produced the highest number of XL, L, M, and marble-sized tubers.
Table 2. Number of marketable tubers of the potato varieties as affected by planting distance for
the production of gourmet potato
TREATMENT
NUMBER OF MARKETABLE TUBERS
XL
LARGE
MEDIUM
SMALL
MARBLE
TOTAL
Variety
Raniag
31.00a
41.00a
45.70a
37.00a
44.00a
199
Ganza
14.00b
25.00b
17.50b
24.00b
24.00b
105
Distance
10cm x 10cm
26a
36.00 b
46.00 a
39.00 a
51.00 a
198
15cm x 15cm
30a
53.00 a
34.00 b
23.00 b
47.00 a
187
20cm x 20cm
26a
24.00 c
36.00 b
27.00 b
29.00 b
142
25cm x 25cm
17b
25.00 c
19.00 c
23.00 b
24.00 bc
108
30cm x 30cm
14b
27.00 bc
24.00 c
19.00 b
19.00 c
103
V x D
*
*
*
ns
*
CV (%) A
29.11
24.42
36.99
13.27
23.13
B
11.74
16.80
15.84
26.15
13.81
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
15
45
40
35
30
10cm x 10cm
25
15cm x 15cm
20
20cm x 20cm
25cm x 25cm
15
30cm x 30cm
10
5
0
Raniag
Ganza
Figure 3a. Interaction effect of the potato varieties and planting distance on the number of extra
large tubers.
60
50
40
10cm x 10cm
15cm x 15cm
30
20cm x 20cm
25cm x 25cm
20
30cm x 30cm
10
0
Raniag
Ganza
Figure 3b. Interaction effect of the potato varieties and planting distance on the number of large
tubers
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
16
70
60
50
10cm x 10cm
40
15cm x 15cm
30
20cm x20cm
25cm x 25cm
20
30cm x 30cm
10
0
Raniag
Ganza
Figure 3c. Interaction effect of the potato varieties and planting distance on the number of
medium tubers
70
60
50
10cm x 10cm
40
15cm x 15cm
30
20cm x 20cm
25cm x 25cm
20
30cm x 30cm
10
0
Raniag
Ganza
Figure 3d. Interaction effect of the potato varieties and planting distance on the number of
marble tubers
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
17
Weight of Marketable Tubers
Effect of variety. Results showed that significant differences were observed on the
marketable weight of the potato at different sizes as shown in Table 3. Raniag significantly had
the heaviest marketable tubers produced regardless of size with 3.0 kg of XL, 2.8 kg large, 2.0 kg
of medium, 1.3 kg of small and 1.0kg marble sizes of potato. Gangza gave the lowest mean
weight of marketable tubers produced.
Results also showed that the variety with the highest percent survival and highest number
of marketable tubers had the heaviest weight of marketable tubers.
Effect of planting distance. The plants with a distance of 15cm x 15cm significantly
produced the heaviest weight of tubers of XL and L sizes. The result is comparable with the
plants distanced at 10cm x 10cm which significantly produced the heaviest weight of medium,
small and marble-sized tubers. The low weight of marketable tubers was observed in plants
distanced at 30cm x 30cm. According to Dwelle (1993), total yield may not be reduced but
bulking rates of individual tubers decrease in smaller tubers and lower marketable tubers.
Interaction effect. The interaction of the potato variety and planting distance showed
significant differences on the weight of marketable tubers on the production of XL, L and
marble-sized tubers (Figure 4). No significant interaction effects were noted on the medium and
small-sized tubers.
Planting distance of 15cm x 15cm significantly produced the heaviest weight of XL,
medium, small and marble potato tubers.
The results imply that closer and higher planting densities increase the production of
small and marble-sized tubers fitted for gourmet potato production.
Table 3. Weight of marketable tubers of the potato varieties as affected by planting distance for
the production of gourmet potato.
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
18
TREATMENT
WEIGHT OF MARKETABLE TUBERS (kg/5m2)
XL
LARGE
MEDIUM
SMALL
MARBLE
TOTAL
Variety
Raniag
3.00a
2.80 a
2.00 a
1.30 a
1.00 a
10.10
Ganza
1.30 b
1.80 b
0.90 b
0.50 b
0.50 b
5.00
Distance
10cm x 10cm
2.50 a
2.30 a
2.10 a
1.20 a
1.10 a
14.20
15cm x 15cm
2.80 a
3.60 a
1.70 a
0.90 b
1.0 0a
10.00
20cm x 20cm
2.60 a
1.70 b
1.70 a
0.90 b
0.60 b
7.50
25cm x 25cm
1.70 b
1.80 b
0.90 b
0.80 bc
0.50 bc
5.70
30cm x 30cm
1.40 c
2.10 b
1.00 b
0.60 c
0.40 c
5.50
V x D
*
*
ns
ns
*
CV (%) A
41.18
14.62
13.14
26.06
8.01
B
13.4
18.37
24.21
12.45
14.02
4.5
4
3.5
3
10cm x 10cm
2.5
15cm x 15cm
2
20cm x 20cm
25cm x 25cm
1.5
30cm x 30cm
1
0.5
0
Raniag
Ganza
Figure 4a. Interaction effect of the potato varieties and planting distance on the weight of extra
large tubers
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
19
4.5
4
3.5
3
10cm x 10cm
2.5
15cm x 15cm
2
20cm x 20cm
1.5
25cm x 25cm
30cm x 30cm
1
0.5
0
Raniag
Ganza
Figure 4b. Interaction effect of the potato varieties and planting distance on the weight of large
tubers
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
10cm x 10cm
15cm x15cm
0.8
20cm x 20cm
0.6
25cm x25cm
0.4
30cm x 30cm
0.2
0
Raniag
Ganza
Figure 4c. Interaction effect of the potato varieties and planting distance on the weight of marble
tubers
Number and Weight of Non-Marketable Tuber
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
20
Effect of variety. Table 4 showed a significant differences on the number and weight of
non-marketable tubers of the potato varieties. Ganza significantly had the highest number and
weight of non-marketable tubers with means of 22.0 and 1.6 respectively, while Raniag gave the
lowest mean number and weight of non-marketable tubers of 6.0 and 0.4kg, respectively.
Effect of planting distance. No significant differences were noted on the number and
weight of non-marketable tubers of potato as affected by the different planting distance.
Table 4. Number and weight of non- marketable tubers of the potato varieties as affected by
planting distance for the production of gourmet potato
TREATMENT NON-MARKETABLE TUBERS
NUMBER
WEIGHT
(kg)
Variety
Raniag
6.00 b
0.40 b
Ganza
22.00 a
1.60 a
Distance
10 cm x 10 cm
16.00
1.20
15 cm x 15 cm
13.00
0.90
20 cm x 20 cm
15.00
1.20
25 cm x 25 cm
12.00
0.80
30 cm x 30 cm
15.00
1.00
VXD ns
ns
CV (%) A
16.34
44.52
B
25.08
30.39
Interaction effect. The interaction effect of the potato varieties and planting distance
showed no significant differences on the number and weight of non-marketable tubers.
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
21
Total and Computed Yield
Effect of variety. Table 5 shows that significant differences were observed on the yield of
the potato varieties. Raniag realized significantly the highest yield per 5m2 of 10.6 kg. while
Ganza gave the lowest mean of 6.6 kg. The computed yield of Raniag is almost twice (21kg.)
that of Ganza (13.3 kg.)
Effect of planting distance. Significant differences were also noted on the total and
computed yield. Planting distance at 15cm x 15cm significantly produced the highest total yield
and computed yield comparable with the plants distanced at 10cm x 10cm. The lowest total
yield and computed yield were observed in plants distanced at 30cm x 30cm and 25cm x 25cm.
Interaction effect. The interaction effect of the potato variety and planting distances
showed significant differences on total and computed yield. Raniag significantly produced the
highest total yield when planted at a distance of 10cm x 10cm and 15cm x 15cm (Figure 5). It
was observed that as plant population is increased there is corresponding significant increase on
the total yield per 5m2 and computed yield.
The findings is supported by the statement of Hanai and Iruniyana (1974) which states
that closer spacing for plants implies higher yield since there are more number of plants per unit
area.
Table 5. Total and computed yield of the potato varieties as affected by planting distance for the
production of gourmet potato
TREATMENT TOTAL
YIELD
(kg/5m2)
COMPUTED YIELD (t/ha)
Variety
Raniag
10.50 a
21.00 a
Ganza
6.60 b
13.30 b
Distances
10 cm x 10 cm
10.30 a
20.50 a
15 cm x 15 cm
10.90 a
21.70 a
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
22
20 cm x 20 cm
8.60 b
17.10 b
25 cm x 25 cm
6.70 c
13.30 c
30 cm x 30 cm
5.60 c
13.10 c
VXD *
*
CV (%) A
10.59
10.29
B
9.66
9.70
14
12
10
10cm x 10cm
8
15cm x15cm
6
20cm x 20cm
25cm x 25cm
4
30cmx 30cm
2
0
Raniag
Ganza
Figure 5. Interaction effect of the potato varieties and planting distance on the total yield
Reaction to Late Blight and Leaf Miner
All of the varieties planted at different distances showed high resistance to late blight and
leaf miner with no blight seen.
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
23
Number and Weight and Total Yield of Small
and Marble-sized Tuber for Gourmet Potato
Effect of variety. Table 6 shows that significant differences were observed on the
number, weight and total yield of the potato varieties. Raniag realized the highest number and
weight of small and marble-sized gourmet type potato. Ganza gave the lowest total yield of 1.1
kg/5m2.
Effect of planting distance. Significant differences were also noted on the number, weight
and total yield of small and marble-sized gourmet type potato as affected by planting distances.
Plants distanced at 10cm x 10cm and 15cm x 15cm significantly produced the highest number
and total yield compared to the other planting distance. The lowest total yield was observed in
plants distanced at 30cm x 30cm. The results prove that closer spacing between plants produce
more gourmet type potatoes.
Interaction effect. The interaction effect of the potato variety and planting distances
showed significant differences on number, weight and total yield of small and marble-sized
gourmet type potato. Raniag significantly produced the highest total yield when planted at a
distance of 10 cm x 10 cm and 15 cm x 15 cm.
Figure 6 shows that the number, weight and total yield of small and marble-sized
gourmet type potato increase as planting distance decreased regardless of variety used.
Table 6. Number, weight and total yield of small and marble gourmet potato as affected by
varieties and planting distance
TREATMENT NUMBER
WEIGHT (Kg)
TOTAL YIELD
SMALL MARBLE SMALL MARBLE
(kg/5m2)
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
24
Variety
Raniag
36.50a
43.70 a
1.30a
0.90a
2.20a
Ganza
15.70b
23.80 b
0.50b
0.50b
1.10b
Distance
10 x 10 cm
38.80a
50.70a
1.20a
1.20a
2.40a
15 x 15 cm
22.80b
46.70a
0.90b
1.00b
2.00b
20 x 20 cm
26.80b
28.80b
0.90b
0.60b
1.50c
25 x 25 cm
23.20b
23.70bc
0.80bc
0.50c
1.30c
30 x 30 cm
18.80b
18.80c
0.60c
0.40c
1.10d
VxD
ns
*
ns
*
**
CV (%)A
13.27
23.13
26.06
8.01
22.28
B
26.15
13.81
12.45
14.02 12.07
3.5
3
2.5
10cm x 10cm
2
1cm x 15cm
1.5
20cm x 20cm
25cm x 25cm
1
30cm x 30cm
0.5
0
Raniag
Ganza
Figure 6. Interaction effect of the potato varieties and planting distance on the total yield of
small and marble-sized gourmet potato
Return on Cash Expense (ROCE)
Raniag planted at a distance of 10cm x 10cm and 15cm x 15cm registered the highest
ROCE (56% and 92%) while Ganza distanced at 30cm x 30cm had the highest negative ROCE
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
25
(Table 7). This implies that high ROCE is realized when Raniag is planted at closer distances. It
was observed that higher number and weight of small and marble-sized tubers increase as
planting distance decreases.
Table 7. Cost and return analysis for small and marble-sized tubers for gourmet potato
production
TREATMENT YIELD
GROSS
COST OF
NET
ROCE
(kg/plot)
SALE
PRODUCTION
INCOME
(%)
(PhP)
(PhP)
(PhP)
Raniag
10 cm x 10 cm
3.2
160.00
62.50
97.50
156.00
15 cm x 15 cm
2.4
120.00
62.50
57.50
92.00
20 cm x 20 cm
2.2
110.00
62.50
47.50
76.00
25 cm x 25 cm
1.8
90.00
62.50
27.50
44.00
30 cm x 30 cm
1.5
75.00
62.50
12.50
20.00
Ganza
10 cm x 10 cm
1.5
75.00
62.50
12.50
20.00
15 cm x 15 cm
1.5
75.00
62.50
12.50
20.00
20 cm x 20 cm
0.9
45.00
62.50
-17.50
-28.00
25 cm x 25 cm
0.9
45.00
62.50
-17.50
-28.00
30 cm x 30 cm
0.6
30.00
62.50
-32.50
-52.00
Cost of tubers is P50/kg
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
26
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The effect of the different planting distance on the production of gourmet potato was
studied. The study aimed to determine the best variety of potato for gourmet production;
determine the best distance for potato gourmet production; determine the effect of the potato
varieties and the different planting distance; and to determine the profitability of growing potato
for gourmet production.
The different planting distances used were: 10 cm x 10 cm, 15 cm x15 cm, 20 cm x 20
cm, 25 cm x 25 cm and 30 cm x 30 cm while the potato varieties used were Raniag and Ganza.
Among the varieties used, Raniag had the highest plant survival, tallest plants at 45 and
90 DAP, produced the highest and heaviest marketable tubers, lowest non-marketable tubers,
highest number and weight of small and marble tubers and realized the highest total and
computed yield and ROCE.
On the effect of the different planting distance, plants distanced at 10 cm x 10 cm and 15
cm x 15 cm promoted the production of taller plants, produced the highest and heaviest
marketable tubers, highest total and computed yield and realized the highest ROCE. The plant
distanced at 10 cm x 10 cm produced the highest number and heaviest weight of gourmet potato.
Plants distanced at 15 cm x 15 cm gave the highest number and weight of extra large and
large tubers while 10 cm x10 cm plant distance results to the production of medium, small and
marble tubers in terms of number and weight, thus, it is more suited for the production of
gourmet-type potato tubers.
Significant interaction effects were noted between the two potato varieties and the
different planting distance. Raniag variety at a distance of 15 cm x 15cm produced the highest
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
27
and heaviest XL and large marketable tubers while Raniag potato planted at a distance of 10 cm
x 10 cm promoted the production of more gourmet type potato and highest ROCE.
No significant interaction effect were noted on plant survival, production of small
number of marketable tuber, production of medium and small weight of marketable tuber
Conclusions
Raniag is the best performing variety in the production of gourmet type potato as it
produces the highest number and heaviest weight of marketable tubers, total and computed yield
and produced the highest number and heaviest gourmet potato. Raniag also displayed the highest
percent survival & tallest plants.
Potato plants distanced at 10cm x 10 cm and 15 cm x 15 cm produce the highest number
and heaviest weight of gourmet type tubers.
Raniag variety with a plant distance of 10 cm x 10 cm and 15 cm x 15 cm showed the
best performance in all parameters measured including the production of gourmet type potato.
Recommendations
Under the conditions of the study, Raniag is the best variety for the production of
gourmet potato. Plant distance of 10 cm x 10 cm and 15 cm x15 cm is also recommended.
Further, it is recommended that the results of the study be extended to farmers interested to
produce gourmet potato.
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
28
LITERATURE CITED
ATTRA. 2009. Commercial Potato Production and Management. Retrieved December 5, 2010
from http://www.uky. edu/Ag/NewCrops/vegbudgets08.
DELANOY, L. 2003.Gourmet Potato Production. Retrieved January17, 2010 from http://
www. ca. uky .edu/agcpubs/ id /id134/id134. htm
DWELLE, R.B. Potato Health Management. Retrieved January 17, 2010 from
http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/potato/PotatoProductionSystems/Topics/Growth&Developm
ent.pdf.
INTERNATIONAL POTATO CENTER (CIP). 2001. Facts Sheet.Peru: CIP. 12 pages.
MABREY, V. and D. APTON. 2008. From McMuffins to McLattes: McDonald’s Chases
Gourmet Market,Plans Massive Restaurant Upgrade. Retrieved January 25, 2010 from
http://twitter.com/gourmet.
MANITOBA AGRICULTURE, FOOD and RURAL INITIATIVES. 2004. Gourmet Potato
Production. Retreved February 4, 2010 from http:// www. gov.mb .ca/
agriculture/cropspotato/ bda0s 10.html
NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY .1997. Fertilizing potato. Retreved February 18,
2011 from http://www.Ext . nodak. edu/ extpubs/ plantsci/ soilfert/sf715w.htm
NOVELLI, M. 2004. Niche Tourism: Contemporary Issues, Trends and Cases. Retrieved
February 20, 2010 from http://www.uky.edu/Ag/NewCrops/ veg budget 08.html
SATANEK, A., ROWELL, B., J. SNYDER, and D. SLONE. 2004. Gourmet and Fingerling
Potato Cultivar Trial. Retrieved February 20, 2010 from http:// www .hort. purdue. edu/
fruit veg/ rep _pres/2004-/MVVT 2004 PDF/Potatoes_KY_04.pdf
THORNTON, M. 2009. Potato research. Retrieved February 19, 2010 from http:/ www . cals.
uidaho. edu/ potato/ Research&Extension/ Topic/Growth&Physiology/
ImportanceOfTuberSet&BulkingRate- 07. pdf
VENDER,W.H. and H. Veeman 1966. The potato. Retrieved January 19, 2010 from http:
//www. oznet. ksu. edu/library/ hort2/ samplers/MF1090. asp
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
29
APPENDICES
Appendix Table 1. Plant survival (%)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
100 98 96 294 98.00
V1D2
100 97 94 291 97.00
V1D3
100 100 92 292 97.00
V1D4
100 100 100 300 100.00
V1D5
100 100 100 300 100.00
Sub-Total
500 495 482
1499 292
V2D1
100 96 92 288 96.00
V2D2
96 97 94
287 95.00
V2D3
94 100 84 278 92.00
V2D4
100 100 100 300 100.00
V2D5
88 100
100
288 96.00
Sub-Total 498 493
470
1441 480.00
TOTAL 978
988
952
2918
772.70
MEAN 97.8
98.8
95.2
29.18
77.27
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
30
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
98.00 96.00
194.00
97.00
15 x 15 cm
97.00 95.70
192.70
96.35
20 x 20 cm
97.30 92.70
190.00
95.00
25 x 25 cm
100.00
100.00
200.00
100.00
30 x 30 cm
100.00
96.00
196.00
98.00
TOTAL
292.30 480.40
MEAN 58.46
96.08
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
69.067
34.533
Main Factor A
1
43.200
43.200
4.32ns
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
20.000
10.000
Sub-plot Factor B
4
84.533
21.133
1.39ns
3.01
4.77
AxB 4
22.133
5.533
0.36ns
3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
264.933
15.183
TOTAL 29
481.869
ns- not significant
CV (%) = (a) = 12.11
(b) = 4.01
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
31
Appendix Table 2. Initial height (cm)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
91.30 92.70 91.10
271.50 91.70
V1D2
90.90 94.10 92.10
277.10 92.40
V1D3
87.60 89.00 89.10
265.70 88.60
V1D4
72.60 74.20 74.60
221.40 93.80
V1D5
58.90 58.80 62.50
180.20 60.10
Sub-Total 401.30
408.80
409.90
1215.90 406.60
V2D1
87.80 89.40 90.50
267.70 89.20
V2D2
83.20 85.90 84.60
253.20 54.40
V2D3
82.00 81.00 79.30
242.30 80.80
V2D4
47.90 52.90 54.00
154.80 51.60
V2D5
39.40 39.50 39.00
177.90 39.60
Sub-Total 340.30
348.70
347.40
1096.20 345.60
TOTAL 741.60
757.50
757.30
2312.10
752.20
MEAN 741.60
75.75
75.73
231.21
75.22
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
32
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
91.70 89.20
180.90
90.45
15 x 15 cm
92.40 84.40
176.80
88.40
20 x 20 cm
88.60 80.80
169.40
84.70
25 x 25 cm
93.80
51.60
125.40
62.70
30 x 30 cm
60.10
39.60
99.70
49.85
TOTAL
406.60 345.60
MEAN 81.32
69.12
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
16.145
8.072
Main Factor A
1
1117.520
1117.520
123.71**
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
0.181
0.090
Sub-plot Factor B
4
7836.261
1959.065
888.10**
3.01
4.77
AxB 4
460.268
115.067
52.20**
3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
35.295
2.206
TOTAL 29
9465.669
**- highly significant
CV (%) = (a) = 0.40
(b) = 1.98
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
33
Appendix Table 3. Final height (cm)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
132.50 132.70 131.60 396.80 132.30
V1D2
131.40 131.00 132.50 394.90 131.60
V1D3
127.50 127.20 127.10 381.80 127.30
V1D4
112.60 123.60 122.20 358.40 119.50
V1D5
103.90 103.00 103.30 310.20 103.40
Sub-Total 607.90
615.50
616.70
1842.10 614.00
V2D1
113.80
112.50
114.80
341.10
113.70
V2D2
112.50 110.70 111.60 334.80 111.60
V2D3
99.30 100.00 98.40 297.70 99.20
V2D4
94.60 93.40
104.90
292.90 97.60
V2D5
89.90 88.80 91.70
270.40 90.10
Sub-Total 510.10
505.40
521.40
1536.90 512.30
TOTAL 1118
1122.90
1138.10
3382
1126.30
MEAN 111.80
112.29
113.81
33.82
112.63
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
34
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
132.30 113.70
246.00
123.00
15 x 15 cm
131.60 111.60
243.20
121.60
20 x 20 cm
127.30 99.20
226.50
113.25
25 x 25 cm
119.50
97.60
217.10
108.55
30 x 30 cm
103.40
90.10
TOTAL
614.10 512.20
MEAN 122.80
102.11
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
22.136
11.067
Main Factor A
1
3106.936
3106.936
379.90
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
16.355
8.177
87.50**
Sub-plot Factor B
4
2742.941
685.735
5.50**
3.01
4.77
AxB 4
171.325
42.831
3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
125.449
TOTAL 29
6185.142
**- highly significant
CV (%) = (a) = 0.40
(b) = 1.98
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
35
Appendix Table 4.Number of extra large tubers
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
35 38 25 98 32.70
V1D2
46 50 30
126 42.00
V1D3
37 39 18 94 31.30
V1D4
31 35 19 85 28.30
V1D5
24 24 11 59 19.70
Sub-Total 173 186
103
462 154
V2D1
21 22 13 56 18.70
V2D2
20 18 10 48 16.00
V2D3
20 25 15 60 20.00
V2D4
4 7 6
17 5.70
V2D5
6 10 7 23 7.70
Sub-Total 74 82
51
207 69
TOTAL 180
268
154
602 223
MEAN 18.00
26.80
15.40
60.20
22.30
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
36
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
32.00 18.70
51.40
25.70
15 x 15 cm
42.00 16.00
58.00
29.00
20 x 20 cm
31.30 20.00
51.30
25.60
25 x 25 cm
28.30
5.70
34.00
17.00
30 x 30 cm
19.70
7.70
27.40
13.70
TOTAL
151.00 69.00
MEAN 30.80
13.80
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
52.543
26.271
Main Factor A
1
454.344
454.344
145.98
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
6.224
3.112
Sub-plot Factor B
4
376.221
94.055
34.03**
3.01
4.77
AxB
4
52.714
13.178
4.77*
3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
44.226
2.764
TOTAL 29
986.272
** - highly significant
*- significant
CV (%) = (a) = 10.29
(b) = 9.70
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
37
Appendix Table 5. Number of large tubers
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
32 23 25 80 26.70
V1D2
70 51 47
168 56.00
V1D3
45 36 30
111 37.00
V1D4
44 31 35
110 36.70
V1D5
59 41 39
139 46.30
Sub-Total 25 182
176
608 202.70
V2D1
57 43 34
134 44.70
V2D2
59 47 41
147 49.00
V2D3
14 11 9 34 11.30
V2D4
10 13 15 38 12.70
V2D5
4 9
11
24 8.00
Sub-Total 139 123
110
377 125.70
TOTAL 38.90
30.50
28.60
98.50
32.83
MEAN 19.45
15.25
14.30
49.25
16.41
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
38
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
26.70 44.70
71.40
35.70
15 x 15 cm
56.00 49.00
105.00
52.50
20 x 20 cm
37.00 11.30
48.30
24.10
25 x 25 cm
36.70
12.70
49.40
24.70
30 x 30 cm
46.30
8.00
54.30
27.20
TOTAL
202.70 125.70
MEAN 40.54
25.14
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
664.867
332.433
Main Factor A
1
1778.700
1778.700 27.7*
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
128.600
64.300
Sub-plot Factor B
4
3412.333
853.083
28.1**
3.01
4.77
AxB 4
2837.133
709.283
23.3**
3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
486.533
30.408
TOTAL 29
9308.167
** - highly significant
*- significant
CV (%) = (a) = 24.42
(b) = 16.80
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
39
Appendix Table 6. Number of medium tubers
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
80 51 47
178 59.30
V1D2
56 41 39
136 45.30
V1D3
65 53 48
166 55.30
V1D4
35 29 21 85 28.30
V1D5
48 40 33
121 40.30
Sub-Total 284 214
188
686 228.70
V2D1
41 30 26 97 32.30
V2D2
31 21 15 67 22.30
V2D3
14 18 15 47 15.70
V2D4
9 11 6 26 8.70
V2D5
5 13 7 25 8.30
Sub-Total 100 93 69
262 87.30
TOTAL 384
307
257
948 316
MEAN 38.40
30.70
25.70
94.8
31.60
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
40
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
59.30 32.30
91.60
45.80
15 x 15 cm
45.30 22.30
67.60
33.80
20 x 20 cm
55.30 15.70
71.00
35.50
25 x 25 cm
28.30
8.70
37.00
18.50
30 x 30 cm
40.30
8.30
48.00
24.30
TOTAL
228.50 87.30
MEAN 45.70
43.65
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
818.600
409.300
Main Factor A
1
5992.533
5992.533
43.9*
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
273.267
136.633
Sub-plot Factor B
4
2683.200
670.800
26.8**
3.01
4.77
AxB 4
370.800
92.700
3.7*
3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
400.800
25.050
TOTAL 29
10539.200
** - highly significant
*- significant
CV (%) = (a) = 36.99
(b) = 15.84
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
41
Appendix Table 7. Number of small tubers
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
65 51 47
163 54.30
V1D2
42 33 35 80 26.70
V1D3
50 37 30
117 39.00
V1D4
41 29 33
103 34.30
V1D5
30 25 30 85 28.30
Sub-Total 228 175
175
578 192.70
V2D1
27 20 23 70 23.30
V2D2
20 16 21 57 19.00
V2D3
16 13 15 44 14.70
V2D4
12 11 13 36 12.00
V2D5
10 7 11
28 9.30
Sub-Total 85 67
83
235 78.30
TOTAL 313
240
258
813 271
MEAN 31.30
24.00
25.80
81.30
27.10
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
42
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
53.30 23.30
76.60
38.30
15 x 15 cm
26.70 19.00
45.70
22.90
20 x 20 cm
39.00 14.70
53.70
26.90
25 x 25 cm
34.30
12.00
46.30
23.20
30 x 30 cm
28.30
9.30
37.60
18.80
TOTAL
181.60 78.30
MEAN 36.32
15.70
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE
SUM
DEGREE OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
FREEDOM
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
85.400
42.700
Main Factor A
1
3265.633
3265.633
271.4**
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
24.067
12.033
Sub-plot Factor B
4
1408.533
352.133
7.6**
3.01
4.77
AxB
4
441.867
110.467
2.4ns 3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
108.667
6.792
TOTAL 29
5970.700
** - highly significant
ns- not significant
CV (%) = (a) = 13.29
(b) = 26.15
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
43
Appendix Table 8. Number of marble tubers
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
79 67 59
205 63.30
V1D2
63 57 54
174 58.00
V1D3
54 39 30
123 41.00
V1D4
38 20 23 81 27.00
V1D5
31 23 18 72 24.00
Sub-Total 265 206
184
658 219.30
V2D1
40 38 21 99 33.00
V2D2
37 31 38
196 35.30
V2D3
24 19 7 50 16.70
V2D4
20 24 17 61 20.30
V2D5
17 13 11 41 13.70
Sub-Total 138 125
94
357 119
TOTAL 403
331
257
1015
338.30
MEAN 40.30
33.10
27.50
10.15
33.8316
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
44
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
63.30 33.00
96.30
48.10
15 x 15 cm
58.00 35.00
93.00
46.50
20 x 20 cm
41.00 16.70
57.70
28.85
25 x 25 cm
27.00
20.30
47.30
23.65
30 x 30 cm
24.00
13.70
37.70
18.85
TOTAL
213.30 118.70
MEAN 42.66
23.72
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
787.267
393.633
Main Factor A
1
2960.133
2960.133 49.8*
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
118.867
59.433
Sub-plot Factor B
4
4808.200
1202.050
55.4**
3.01
4.77
AxB
4
798.200
199.550
9.2**
3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
347.200
21.700
TOTAL 29
9819.867
** - highly significant
*- significant
CV (%) = (a) = 23.13
(b) = 13.81
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
45
Appendix Table 9. Weight of extra large tubers (kg)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
3.00 3.70 2.50 9.20 3.10
V1D2
4.50 4.90 2.90
12.20 4.10
V1D3
3.90 3.80 1.80 9.50 3.20
V1D4
3.10 3.40 1.90 8.40 2.80
V1D5
2.30 2.40 1.10 5.70 2.00
Sub-Total 16.80
18.20
10.20
45.20 15.20
V2D1
2.10 2.20 1.30 5.50 1.90
V2D2
1.90 1.80 1.00 4.60 1.50
V2D3
2.00 2.40 1.50 5.90 1.90
V2D4
0.50 0.70 0.60 1.80 0.60
V2D5
0.60 1.00 1.70 2.40 0.70
Sub-Total 7.10
8.10
5.10
20.30 6.80
TOTAL 23.90
26.30
15.30
65.70
22.00
MEAN 2.39
2.63
1.53
6.57
2.20
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
46
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
3.10 1.90
5.00
2.50
15 x 15 cm
4.10 1.50
5.60
2.80
20 x 20 cm
3.20 1.90
5.10
2.60
25 x 25 cm
2.80
0.60
3.40
1.70
30 x 30 cm
2.00
0.70
2.70
1.40
TOTAL
15.20 6.60
MEAN 3.04
1.32
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2 6.580
Main Factor A
1
20.619
3.290
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
1.602
20.619
25.7*
Sub-plot Factor B
4
9.189
0.801
3.01
4.77
AxB 4
2.558
2.297
26.8**
3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
1.372
0.639
7.5**
TOTAL 29
41.920
0.086
** - highly significant
*- significant
CV (%) = (a) = 41.18
(b) = 13.47
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
47
Appendix Table 10. Weight of large tubers (kg)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
1.30 1.70 1.90 4.80 1.60
V1D2
4.10 3.50 4.20
11.80 4.00
V1D3
2.50 2.50 2.30 7.20 2.40
V1D4
2.50 2.00 3.40 7.90 2.60
V1D5
3.70 3.70 3.50
10.90 3.60
Sub-Total 14.10
13.40
15.30
42.80 14.00
V2D1
3.20 3.00 2.70 8.80 3.00
V2D2
3.40 3.30 3.10 1.00 3.20
V2D3
1.90 9.70 9.60 3.20 1.10
V2D4
0.60 1.20 1.40 3.10 1.10
V2D5
9.20 1.00 1.00 2.00 9.60
Sub-Total 9.30
9.20
8.80
18.10 6.00
TOTAL 13.40
22.60
24.10
60.90
20.30
MEAN 1.34
2.26
2.41
6.09
2.03
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
48
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
1.60 3.00
4.60
2.30
15 x 15 cm
4.00 3.20
7.20
3.60
20 x 20 cm
2.40 1.10
3.50
1.70
25 x 25 cm
2.60
1.00
3.60
1.80
30 x 30 cm
3.60
0.60
TOTAL
14.20 8.90
MEAN 2.84
1.78
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2 0.150
0.075
Main Factor A
1
8.421
8.421
73.4*
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
0.229
0.115
Sub-plot Factor B
4
13.429
3.357
18.5**
3.01
4.77
AxB 4
14.994
3.749
20.8
3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
400.800
25.050
TOTAL 29
40.124
** - highly significant
*- significant
CV (%) = (a) = 14.62
(b) = 18.37
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
49
Appendix Table 11. Weight of medium tubers (kg)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
2.70 2.50 2.30 8.00 2.70
V1D2
2.10 2.70 2.20 7.00 2.30
V1D3
2.60 2.10 2.40 7.10 2.40
V1D4
1.20 1.50 1.20 4.00 1.30
V1D5
0.50 2.40 1.80 4.70 1.60
Sub-Total 9.10
11.20
10.00
30.20 10.00
V2D1
1.50 1.80 1.40 4.70 1.60
V2D2
1.10 1.30 0.80 3.20 1.10
V2D3
1.00 1.00 0.90 2.80 0.90
V2D4
0.40 0.70 0.70 1.70 0.60
V2D5
0.20 0.80 0.40 1.40 0.50
Sub-Total 4.20
5.60
4.20
13.80 4.60
TOTAL 13.30
16.80
14.20
315.80
14.60
MEAN 1.31
1.68
1.42
31.58
1.46
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
50
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
2.70 1.60
4.30
2.15
15 x 15 cm
2.30 1.10
3.40
1.70
20 x 20 cm
2.40 0.90
3.30
1.60
25 x 25 cm
1.30
0.60
1.90
1.00
30 x 30 cm
1.60
0.50
2.10
1.05
TOTAL
10.30 4.70
MEAN 2.06
0.94
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2 0.591
0.296
Main Factor A
1
9.442
9.442
244.1**
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
0.077
0.039
Sub-plot Factor B
4
5.846
1.461
11.3**
3.01
4.77
AxB
4
0.387
0.097
0.75ns 3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
2.073
0.130
TOTAL 29
18.416
** - highly significant
ns- not significant
CV (%) = (a) = 13.19
(b) = 24.21
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
51
Appendix Table 12. Weight of small tubers (kg)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
III
V1D1
2.00 1.60 1.60 5.10 1.70
V1D2
1.30 1.10 1.20 3.60 1.20
V1D3
1.60 1.20 0.90 3.80 1.30
V1D4
1.20 1.10 1.10 3.50 1.20
V1D5
0.90 1.00 0.90 2.90 1.00
Sub-Total 7.00
6.00
5.70
18.70 6.20
V2D1
0.80 0.70 0.80 2.30 0.80
V2D2
0.70 0.60 0.70 2.00 0.70
V2D3
0.50 0.50 0.50 1.50 0.50
V2D4
0.40 0.40 0.50 1.30 0.40
V2D5
0.30 0.20 0.30 0.90 0.30
Sub-Total 2.70
2.40
2.80
8.00 2.70
TOTAL 9.70
8.40
5.50
23.60
8.90
MEAN 0.97
0.84
0.55
2.36
0.89
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
52
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
1.70 0.80
2.50
1.30
15 x 15 cm
1.20 0.70
1.90
1.00
20 x 20 cm
1.30 0.50
1.80
0.90
25 x 25 cm
1.20
0.40
1.60
0.80
30 x 30 cm
1.10
0.30
1.30
0.60
TOTAL
6.40 2.70
MEAN 1.28
0.54
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2 0.099
0.049
Main Factor A
1
3.914
3.914
79.0*
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
0.099
0.050
Sub-plot Factor B
4
1.198
0.300
24.3**
3.01
4.77
AxB 4
0.122
0.031
2.5ns 3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
0.197
0.012
TOTAL 29
5.630
** - highly significant
ns- not significant
CV (%) = (a) = 25.06
(b) = 12.45
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
53
Appendix Table 13. Weight of marble tubers (kg)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
1.80 1.50 1.20 4.50 1.50
V1D2
1.30 1.30 1.10 3.70 1.20
V1D3
1.10 0.80 0.60 2.60 0.90
V1D4
0.80 0.60 0.50 1.80 0.60
V1D5
0.70 0.80 0.40 1.60 0.50
Sub-Total 5.70
5.00
3.80
14.50 4.80
V2D1
0.90 0.70 0.40 2.20 0.70
V2D2
0.80 0.40 0.80 2.30 0.80
V2D3
0.50 0.60 0.30 1.10 0.40
V2D4
0.50 0.60 0.40 1.40 0.50
V2D5
0.40 0.30 0.30 1.00 0.30
Sub-Total 3.10
2.60
2.20
7.90 2.70
TOTAL 8.80
7.60
6.00
22.40
7.50
MEAN 0.88
0.76
0.60
2.24
0.75
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
54
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
1.50 0.70
2.20
1.10
15 x 15 cm
1.20 0.80
2.00
1.00
20 x 20 cm
0.90 0.40
1.30
0.70
25 x 25 cm
0.60
0.50
1.10
0.60
30 x 30 cm
0.50
0.30
0.80
0.40
TOTAL
4.70 2.70
MEAN 0.94
0.54
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2 0.427
0.214
Main Factor A
1
1.313
1.313
72.4*
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
0.036
0.018
Sub-plot Factor B
4
2.190
0.547
50.2**
3.01
4.77
AxB 4
0.387
0.097
8.8**
3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
0.174
0.011
TOTAL 29
4.527
** - highly significant
*- significant
CV (%) = (a) = 8.01
(b) = 14.02
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
55
Appendix Table 14. Number of marketable tubers
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
7 7 8
22 7.30
V1D2
5 6 5
16 5.30
V1D3
9 4 9
22 7.30
V1D4
3 7 3
13 4.30
V1D5
8 4 4
16 5.30
Sub-Total 32 28
28
89 29.70
V2D1
25 23 23 71 23.70
V2D2
18 27 15 60 20.00
V2D3
20 28 21 69 23.00
V2D4
17 20 22 59 20.00
V2D5
28 19 25 72 24.00
Sub-Total 108 117
106
331 110.70
TOTAL 140
145
135
420 140
MEAN 1.40
1.45
1.35
4.20
1.40
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
56
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
7.30 23.70
31.00
15.50
15 x 15 cm
5.30 20.00
25.30
12.60
20 x 20 cm
7.30 23.00
30.30
15.20
25 x 25 cm
4.30
20.00
24.30
12.20
30 x 30 cm
5.30
24.00
29.30
14.70
TOTAL
29.50 109.70
MEAN 5.90
21.94
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2 5.000
2.500
Main Factor A
1
1952.133
1952.133
373.0**
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
10.467
5.233
Sub-plot Factor B
4
59.000
14.750
1.2ns 3.01
4.77
AxB 4
14.200
3.550
0.29ns 3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
197.200
12.325
TOTAL 29
2238.000
** - highly significant
ns- not significant
CV (%) = (a) = 16.34
(b) = 25.08
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
57
Appendix Table 15. Weight of non-marketable tubers (kg)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
0.6 0.5 0.5 1.6 0.5
V1D2
0.5 0.5 0.3 1.3 0.4
V1D3
0.8 0.3 0.5 1.7 0.6
V1D4
0.3 0.4 0.2 1.0 0.3
V1D5
0.8 0.2 0.3 1.3 0.4
Sub-Total 3.0 2.0
1.8
6.8 2.3
V2D1
1.7 2.0 1.5 5.3 1.8
V2D2
1.4 1.6 1.0 4.1 1.4
V2D3
1.3 2.5 1.4 5.2 1.7
V2D4
1.0 1.8 1.3 4.1 1.4
V2D5
1.9 1.1 1.6 4.6 1.5
Sub-Total 7.3 9.0
6.8
23.1 7.7
TOTAL 10.3
11.0
8.6
29.9 10.0
MEAN 1.03
1.10
0.86
2.99
1.00
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
58
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
0.5 1.8
2.3
1.2
15 x 15 cm
0.4 1.4
1.8
0.9
20 x 20 cm
0.6 1.7
2.3
1.2
25 x 25 cm
0.3
1.4
1.7
0.8
30 x 30 cm
0.4
1.5
1.9
1.0
TOTAL
2.2 7.8
MEAN 0.44
1.56
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2 0.273
0.136
Main Factor A
1
9.035
9.035
45.0*
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
0.402
0.201
Sub-plot Factor B
4
0.496
0.124
1.32ns 3.01
4.77
AxB 4
0.086
0.021
0.23ns 3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
1.498
0.094
TOTAL 29
11.790
** - highly significant
ns- not significant
CV (%) = (a) = 44.52
(b) = 30.39
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
59
Appendix Table 16. Total yield/plot (kg)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
11.3 11.5 10.0 32.8 11.0
V1D2
13.8 13.4 12.0 39.2 13.1
V1D3
12.4 11.4 8.5 32.4 10.8
V1D4
9.1 9.0 8.3
26.4 8.8
V1D5
8.8 10.3 8.1 27.2 9.1
Sub-Total 55.4
45.3
46.9
15.8 52.8
V2D1
10.2 10.4 8.2 28.8 9.6
V2D2
9.4 9.3 7.3
26.0 8.7
V2D3
6.4 7.6 5.0
19.0 6.3
V2D4
3.3 5.3 5.0
13.5 4.5
V2D5
3.7 4.2 4.3
12.2 4.1
Sub-Total 33.3
36.8
29.8
99.5 30.2
TOTAL 88.7
82.1
76.7
257.5
83.0
MEAN 8.87
8.21
7.67
25.75
8.3
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
60
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
11.0 9.6
20.6
10.3
15 x 15 cm
13.1 8.7
21.8
10.9
20 x 20 cm
10.8 6.3
17.1
8.5
25 x 25 cm
8.8
4.5
13.3
6.6
30 x 30 cm
9.1
4.1
13.2
6.6
TOTAL
52.8 33.2
MEAN 10.56
6.64
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
13.217
6.609
Main Factor A
1
114.169
114.169
138.4**
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
1.649
0.825
Sub-plot Factor B
4
94.556
23.639
34.4**
3.01
4.77
AxB 4
12.790
3.197
4.6*
3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
10.996
TOTAL 29
247.376
** - highly significant
*- significant
CV (%) = (a) = 10.59
(b) = 6.66
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
61
Appendix Table 17. Computed yield (tons/ha)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
22.7 22.9 19.9 65.2 21.7
V1D2
27.6 26.7 24.0 48.4 26.1
V1D3
25.1 22.7 17.0 64.8 21.6
V1D4
18.3 18.1 16.6 52.9 17.6
V1D5
17.6 20.5 16.2 54.4 18.1
Sub-Total 111.3
110.9
97.3
315.9 125.3
V2D1
20.4 20.8 16.3 57.5 19.2
V2D2
18.7 18.5 14.7 51.9 17.3
V2D3
12.7 15.2 10.1 38.0 19.0
V2D4
6.7 10.5 9.8 27.0 9.0
V2D5
7.4 8.3 8.6
24.4 8.1
Sub-Total 66.0
73.3
60.0
198 66.3
TOTAL 177.3
184.2
153.7
514.0
171.6
MEAN 17.73
18.42
15.37
51.40
17.16
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
62
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
21.7 19.2
40.9
20.4
15 x 15 cm
26.1 17.3
43.4
21.7
20 x 20 cm
21.6 19.0
40.6
20.3
25 x 25 cm
17.6
9.0
28.6
14.3
30 x 30 cm
18.1
8.1
26.2
13.1
TOTAL
105.1 72.6
MEAN 21.02
14.52
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
52.543
26.271
Main Factor A
1
454.344
454.344
145.98
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
6.224
3.112
Sub-plot Factor B
4
376.221
94.055
34.03**
3.01
4.77
AxB 4
52.714
13.178
4.7*
3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
44.226
2.764
TOTAL 29
986.272
** - highly significant
*- significant
CV (%) = (a) = 10.29
(b) = 9.70
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
63
Appendix Table 18. Total yield of small and marble size of gourmet potato tubers
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
3.9 3.1 2.8 9.8 3.3
V1D2
2.6 2.4 2.3 7.3 2.4
V1D3
2.7 2.1 1.5 6.3 2.1
V1D4
2.0 1.6 1.6 5.2 1.7
V1D5
1.6 1.6 1.3 4.5 1.5
Sub-Total 12.8
10.8
9.5
32.2 11.0
V2D1
1.7 1.5 1.2 4.4 1.5
V2D2
1.6 1.3 1.5 4.4 1.5
V2D3
1.0 0.9 0.7 2.6 0.9
V2D4
0.9 1.0 0.9 2.8 0.9
V2D5
0.7 0.5 0.6 1.8 0.6
Sub-Total 5.9 5.2
4.9
16.0 5.3
TOTAL 18.7
16.0
14.4
48.2 16.3
MEAN 1.87
1.60
1.44
4.82
1.63
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
64
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
3.3 1.5
4.8
2.4
15 x 15 cm
2.4 1.5
3.9
2.0
20 x 20 cm
2.1 0.9
3.0
1.5
25 x 25 cm
1.7
0.9
2.6
1.3
30 x 30 cm
1.5
0.6
2.1
1.1
TOTAL
11 5.4
MEAN 2.2
1.1
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2 0.945
0.472
Main Factor A
1
9.747
9.747
73.2857**
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
0.266
0.133
Sub-plot Factor B
4
6.545
1.636
42.4978**
3.01
4.77
AxB 4
0.971
0.243
6.3074**
3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
0.616
0.039
TOTAL 29
19.090
** - highly significant
CV (%) = (a) = 22.28
(b) = 12.07
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
BAGAYAO, CLIFFORD C. 2011. Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the
Production of Gourmet Potato. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Janet P. Pablo, MSc.
ABSTRACT
BAGAYAO, CLIFFORD C. 2011. Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the
Production of Gourmet Potato. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Janet P. Pablo, MSc.
The performance of gourmet potato as affected by planting distance and variety was
evaluated. It was observed that plants spaced closer at 10 cm x10 cm and 15 cm x 15cm were
significantly the tallest and produced higher yield specially the small sized tuber.
Varieties had a significant effect on the growth and yield for the production of gourmet
potatoes. Raniag registered the highest number and weight of marketable tubers and gourmet
type potato and the tallest plants. However there was a significant reduction of growth and total
yield of ganza.
A significant interaction of spacing and varieties were noted on plants spaced closer at 10
cm x 10 cm, 15 cm x 15 cm and Raniag had better growth performance and higher yield in terms
of marketable and gourmet potato tubers. Plants spaced wider at 30 cm x 30 cm and using Ganza
variety produced the lowest yield.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography………………………………………………………………………. i
Abstract………………………………………………………………………….... i
Table of Contents………………………………………………………………….
ii
INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………… 1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE……………………………………………………..
2
MATERIALS AND METHODS………………………………………………….
6
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION…………………………………………………..
11
Plant Survival……………………………………………………………...
11
Plant Height………………………………………………………………..
11
Number of Marketable Tubers…………………………………………….
14
Weight of Marketable Tubers……………………………………………..
17
Number and Weight of
Non-Marketable Tuber………………………….....................................
20
Total and Computed Yield………………………………………...………
21
Reaction to Late Blight and
Leaf Miner………………………………………………………………....
23
Number and Weight and Total
Yield of Small and Marble-
Sized Tuber for Gourmet Potato…………………………………………..
23
Return on Cash Expense (ROCE)…………………………………………
25
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS…………………
27
Summary………………………………………………………………….. 27
Conclusions……………………………………………………………….. 28
Recommendations…………………………………………………………. 28
LITERATURE CITED…………………………………………………………….
29
APPENDICES…………………………………………………………………….. 30
INTRODUCTION
The demand for small, gourmet, fresh market potatoes has increased in recent years.
Production of small potatoes can be enhanced through management, although tuber size and
number is not entirely under the grower’s control. Producers wishing to grow for this specialty
market can follow a production plan to produce small potatoes, or they can grade out the small
tubers from a mixed size tuber lot. Several factors contribute to small tuber size. Gourmet
potatoes may be small, but that doesn’t mean they aren’t practical – or full of flavor. In fact, their
small size and unique shapes allow for faster cooking times and make them extra tasty and
delicious (Delanoy, 2003).
During this time of the year marble size baby potatoes are usually available at most
supermarkets for reason that there is a greater demand. Significant numbers of Pinoy prefer to
use small and marble potatoes for their potato salad instead of the regular sized potatoes for
better presentation. Young potatoes are also nuttier compared to the regular potatoes (Satanic et
al., 2004).
Many experiments have demonstrated the influence of plant spacing on potato tuber yield
and size, but little information is available on how spacing affects growth, and how plants
compensate when grown close together or wide apart. Smaller daughter tubers are obtained by
planting at a closer spacing, which increases competition between plants resulting in smaller
daughter tubers (Vander et al., 1990).
The study aimed to:
1. determine the best variety of potato gourmet production;
2. determine the best distance for the production of potato gourmet production;
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
2
3. determine the interaction effect of the two potato varieties and the different planting
distance; and
4. determine the profitability of growing potato for gourmet production.
The study was conducted at the BSU Experimental Station at Balili, La Trinidad,
Benguet from May to August 2010.
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Botanical Description
Potato varieties bear flower containing asexual parts. Flowers are mostly cross-pollinated
by other potato plants, including by insects, but a substantial amount of self fertilizing occurs.
Any potato variety can also be propagated vegetative by planting pieces of existing tubers, cut to
include at least one eye. Some commercial varieties of potatoes do not produce seed at all (they
bear imperfect, single-sex flowers) and are propagated only from tuber pieces. Confusingly,
these pieces can bear the name “seed potatoes”. In French, potatoes are “pommes de Terre” –
literally meaning apples of the earth (ATTRA, 2009).
After potato plants flower, some varieties will produce small green fruit that look similar
to green cherry tomatoes. These produce seeds like other fruits. Each of the fruit can contain up
to 300 true seeds. One can separate seeds from the fruits by putting them in a blender on a slow
speed with some water, then leaving them in water for a day so that the seeds will sink and the
rest of the fruit will float. However, some horticulturists sell chimeras by grafting a tomato plant
into a potato plant, which can produce both edible tomatoes and potatoes (North Dakota State
University, 1997).
When plants flower, you can harvest a few new potatoes from around the edge of each
plant. New potatoes aren’t just small potatoes they’re immature spuds whose sugar hasn’t yet
converted to starch, as it has in fully developed tubers. That’s why new potatoes are deliciously
sweet and why they’re best when used. There are several basic planting techniques, each with an
infinite number of permutations. In row gardens, plants tuber or chunks 4 inches deep and 18
inches apart in rows 2 feet apart. If you’d prefer to plant in hills, mound as you would. You can
also plant potatoes in compost piles or in soil-filled. Generally, the more space you gave the
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
4
plants to develop, the higher yields will be at harvest moderately after harvest (North Dakota
State University, 1999).
Gourmet
The demand for small, gourmet, fresh potatoes has increased in recent years. Production
of small gourmet potatoes can be enhanced through management, although tuber size and
number is not entirely under the grower’s control. Producers wishing to grow for this specially
market can follow a production plan to produce small potatoes, or they can grade out the small
tubers from mixed sized tuber lot (Delanoy and Schaupmeyer, 2003).
Gourmet or small grade potatoes are of growing interest to certain markets around the world
and in parts of the United States. Although small-sized potatoes could be sorted out of a regular
potato harvest, cultural practices can be used to purposefully grow a higher percentage of smaller
potatoes for this market (Manittoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Initiatives, 2004).
Plant Spacing
Plant spacing closer than optimal plant spacing has a similar effect on tuber growth as
does aged seed in that it increases tuber density relative to canopy size, thereby limiting the
photosynthetic capacity to bulk each tuber. Although total yields may not be reduced, bulking
rates of individual tubers decrease these results in smaller tubers and lower marketable yields.
Wider than optimal spacing can lengthen the time it takes to reach full canopy, which reduces
carbohydrate supply to the tubers (Dwelle, 1993).
Plant spacing is another management practice that has a large influence on the number
and size of tubers per acre is in-row plan spacing. As seed pieces are spaced closer together,
tuber size and numbers per plant typically decreases. However, because the seed pieces are
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
5
spaced closer together, the resulting total plant population per acre increases, and the overall
tuber size and number per acre will also likely increase (Thornton, 2009).
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
6
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Land Preparation
An area of 150 m2 was thoroughly prepared and divided into 24 plots. Each plot measures
1m x 5m. The experiment was laid-out using factor-factorial arranged in Randomized Complete
Block Design (RCBD) with three replications.
The different treatments were as follows:
Factor A- (Variety)
V1 = Raniag
V2 = Ganza
Factor B- (Distance)
D1 = 10x10 cm
D2 = 15x15 cm
D3 = 20x20 cm
D4 = 25x25 cm
D5 = 30x30 cm
Cultural Management
One tuber per hill was planted in double rows using the different planting distances.
Crop protection such as weeding and spraying was done to ensure the good growth of the
plants. Weeding was done during the early stage of growth of the plants.
All other recommended cultural management practices for potato were uniformly
followed in all treatments.
The data gathered were:
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
7
1. Vegetative Characters
a. Percentage survival. This was the number of plants that survived, taken 30 days after
planting and computed using the formula:
No. of surviving plants
% plant survival = x 100
Total number of plants
b. Initial and final hieight of potato (cm). Initial height was obtained by measuring the
plants from the ground level to the tip of the tallest shoot at 45 days DAP and final height was
obtained at maturity. Ten sample plants were selected at random and measured.
c. Plant vigor. This was taken every 30 days after planting (DAP) using the following
scale:
Scale
Remarks
1 Very
poor
growth
2 Poor
growth
3 Moderately
vigorous
4 Vigorous
5 Highly
vigorous
2. Yield and Yield Characters
a. Number weight of marketable tubers per plot (g). All tubers that have marketable size,
not malformed, free from diseases and without more than 10% greening of the total surface were
considered. The tubers were classified and weighed based on the following grades:
Size
Grams
Extra large tubers
96 g and above
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
8
Large
tubers
66
to
95
g
Medium tubers
46 to 65 g
Small
tubers
25
to
45
g
Marble
tubers
less
than
25
g
b. Number and weight of non-marketable tubers per plot (g). This was obtained by
counting all tubers that were disease infested and had 10% or more greening.
c. Total yield per plot (g). This was computed by getting the sum of marketable and non-
marketable tubers.
d. Computed yield (tons/ha). This was obtained by this formula:
Total
yield/plot
Computed yield (ton/ha) =
x 10,000 m
Plot size (m²)
3. Insect Pest and Diseases Incidence
a. Leaf miner incidence. This was taken 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after planting and was
rated using the scale of 1-5 (CIP, 2001).
Scale
Description
Remarks
1
less than 20% of plants
highly resistant
per
plot
affected
2
21-40% of plants per plot
moderately
resistant
infested
3
41-60% of plants per plot
susceptible
infested
4
61-80% of plants per plot
moderately susceptible
infested
Scale
Description
Remarks
5
81-100% of plants per plot
very susceptible
infested
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
9
b. Late blight incidence. This was taken when the infestation of late blight was observed
at the vegetative stage and harvesting period using the CIP (2001) rating scale:
Blight (%) Scale
Description
0
1
no blight be seen
0.1
1
very few plants in larger plots with a lesion: not
more than two lesions per 5m of row (+ 30 plants).
1
2
up to 10 small lesions per plants
3
3
up to 30 small lesions per plants or up to one leaflet
on each 20 attacked.
10
4 most
plants
are
visibly
attacked, and one of three leaflets
infected. Few multiple infections per leaflet.
25
5 nearly
leaflet
with
lesions.
Multiple infections per leaflet
are common. Field or plot looks green, but all plants in plot
are
affected.
50
6
every plant affected and half the leaf destroyed by blight.
Plots
looks
green,
flecked
and brown, blight is very
obvious.
75
7
as previous, but three quarters of each plant affected by
blight. Lower branches may be overwhelmingly killed off
and only green if any, are at the top plant. Shape of plant
Blight (%) Scale
Description
maybe
more
spindly
due
to
extensive foliar loss. Plots look
neither higher brown nor green.
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
10
91
8
some leaves and most stems are green. Plots look brown
with
some
green
patches.
97
9
few green leaves most with lesions remain. Many stem
lesions.
Plots
look
brown.
100
10
All leaves and stems dead. No visible blight leaf to evaluate
Description: 1= highly resistant; 2-3= resistant; 4-5 = moderately resistant;
6-7 = modretely susceptible; 8-10 = susceptible
4. Return On Cash Expence (ROCE). This was computed using the following formula:
Gross sale – Total expenses
ROCE =
x 100
Total expenses
Data Analysis
All quantitative data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for Factor-
factorial arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The significance of
difference among the treatment means was tested using the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test
(DMRT).
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
11
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Plant Survival
Effect of variety. Table 1 shows the percentage of the potato varieties as affected by
planting distance. Significant differences were recorded on Raniag with the mean of 98.5%
compared to Ganza with a mean of 96.1%.
Effect of planting distance. Results showed that the different planting distance did not
significantly affect the plant survival among the treatment means. However, 25cm x 25 cm
registered a hundred percent survival.
Interaction
effect. No significant interaction was noted on the potato varieties and the
different planting distance on plant survival.
Plant Height
Effect of variety. Significant differences were observed on the plant height of the potato
at 45 and 90 DAP. Raniag had significantly taller plants of 81.3 cm initial height and final height
of 122.8 cm. The difference on the height of potato entries could be attributed to their genotypic
traits.
Effect of distance. Significantly taller plants were observed on plants sown at a distance
of 10 cm x 10 cm and 15 cm x 15 cm while the shortest plants were observed on plants sown at a
distance of 30 cm x 30 cm at 45 and 90 DAP.
Table 1. Plant survival and height of the potato varieties as affected by planting distance for the
production of gourmet potato
TREATMENT
PLANT SURVIVAL
HEIGHT (cm)
(%)
45 DAP 90 DAP
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
12
Variety
Raniag
98.50a
81.30a
122.80a
Ganza
96.10b
69.10b
102.50b
Distance
10cm x 10cm
97.00
90.50a
123.00a
15cm x 15cm
96.30
88.50a
121.60a
20cm x 20cm
95.00
84.70b
113.30c
25cm x 25cm
100.00
62.70c
108.50c
30cm x 30cm
98.00
50.00d
96.70d
V x D
ns
*
*
CV(%) A
12.11
0.400
2.54
B
4.01
1.98
2.49
Interaction effect. The interaction effect of the potato variety and planting distance
showed a significant difference on plant height at 45 and 90 DAP. The results may prove that
planting at closer distances and enhances plant height as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Number of Marketable Tubers
Effect of variety. The two varieties of potato used significantly affected the number of
marketable tubers produced. The highest number of marketable tubers in all sizes were observed
in Raniag with 32 XL, 41 large, 46 medium, 37 small, and 44 marble-sized tubers.
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
13
100
90
80
70
60
10cm x 10cm
15cm x 15cm
50
20cm x 20cm
40
25cm x 25cm
30
30cm x 30cm
20
10
0
Raniag
Ganza
Figure 1. Interaction effect of the potato varieties and planting distance on the plant height at
45 DAP
140
120
100
10cm x 10cm
80
15cm x 15cm
60
20cm x 20cm
25cm x 25cm
40
30cmx 30cm
20
0
Raniag
Ganza
Figure 2. Interaction effect of the potato varieties and planting distance on the plant height at 90
DAP
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
14
Effect of distance. As shown in Table 2, the closer the distance, the higher the number of
marketable tubers of various sizes were produced. Significantly highest number of tubers were
recorded in plants distanced at 10 x 10 cm and 15 x 15 cm with 51 and 48 marble sized tubers
produced, respectively. The lowest number of marketable tubers was noted in plants distanced at
25 cm x 25 cm and 30 cm x 30 cm of 24 and 19 marble sized tubers. As mentioned by Thornton
(2009), seed pieces spaced close together results to increase in tuber number per acre.
Interaction Effect. Significant interaction effect was observed on the number of
marketable tubers in all sizes (Figures 3a to d) except for the production of small sized tubers as
affected by the planting distance. Raniag potato variety planted at a distance of 10 cm x 10 cm
significantly produced the highest number of XL, L, M, and marble-sized tubers.
Table 2. Number of marketable tubers of the potato varieties as affected by planting distance for
the production of gourmet potato
TREATMENT
NUMBER OF MARKETABLE TUBERS
XL
LARGE
MEDIUM
SMALL
MARBLE
TOTAL
Variety
Raniag
31.00a
41.00a
45.70a
37.00a
44.00a
199
Ganza
14.00b
25.00b
17.50b
24.00b
24.00b
105
Distance
10cm x 10cm
26a
36.00 b
46.00 a
39.00 a
51.00 a
198
15cm x 15cm
30a
53.00 a
34.00 b
23.00 b
47.00 a
187
20cm x 20cm
26a
24.00 c
36.00 b
27.00 b
29.00 b
142
25cm x 25cm
17b
25.00 c
19.00 c
23.00 b
24.00 bc
108
30cm x 30cm
14b
27.00 bc
24.00 c
19.00 b
19.00 c
103
V x D
*
*
*
ns
*
CV (%) A
29.11
24.42
36.99
13.27
23.13
B
11.74
16.80
15.84
26.15
13.81
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
15
45
40
35
30
10cm x 10cm
25
15cm x 15cm
20
20cm x 20cm
25cm x 25cm
15
30cm x 30cm
10
5
0
Raniag
Ganza
Figure 3a. Interaction effect of the potato varieties and planting distance on the number of extra
large tubers.
60
50
40
10cm x 10cm
15cm x 15cm
30
20cm x 20cm
25cm x 25cm
20
30cm x 30cm
10
0
Raniag
Ganza
Figure 3b. Interaction effect of the potato varieties and planting distance on the number of large
tubers
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
16
70
60
50
10cm x 10cm
40
15cm x 15cm
30
20cm x20cm
25cm x 25cm
20
30cm x 30cm
10
0
Raniag
Ganza
Figure 3c. Interaction effect of the potato varieties and planting distance on the number of
medium tubers
70
60
50
10cm x 10cm
40
15cm x 15cm
30
20cm x 20cm
25cm x 25cm
20
30cm x 30cm
10
0
Raniag
Ganza
Figure 3d. Interaction effect of the potato varieties and planting distance on the number of
marble tubers
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
17
Weight of Marketable Tubers
Effect of variety. Results showed that significant differences were observed on the
marketable weight of the potato at different sizes as shown in Table 3. Raniag significantly had
the heaviest marketable tubers produced regardless of size with 3.0 kg of XL, 2.8 kg large, 2.0 kg
of medium, 1.3 kg of small and 1.0kg marble sizes of potato. Gangza gave the lowest mean
weight of marketable tubers produced.
Results also showed that the variety with the highest percent survival and highest number
of marketable tubers had the heaviest weight of marketable tubers.
Effect of planting distance. The plants with a distance of 15cm x 15cm significantly
produced the heaviest weight of tubers of XL and L sizes. The result is comparable with the
plants distanced at 10cm x 10cm which significantly produced the heaviest weight of medium,
small and marble-sized tubers. The low weight of marketable tubers was observed in plants
distanced at 30cm x 30cm. According to Dwelle (1993), total yield may not be reduced but
bulking rates of individual tubers decrease in smaller tubers and lower marketable tubers.
Interaction effect. The interaction of the potato variety and planting distance showed
significant differences on the weight of marketable tubers on the production of XL, L and
marble-sized tubers (Figure 4). No significant interaction effects were noted on the medium and
small-sized tubers.
Planting distance of 15cm x 15cm significantly produced the heaviest weight of XL,
medium, small and marble potato tubers.
The results imply that closer and higher planting densities increase the production of
small and marble-sized tubers fitted for gourmet potato production.
Table 3. Weight of marketable tubers of the potato varieties as affected by planting distance for
the production of gourmet potato.
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
18
TREATMENT
WEIGHT OF MARKETABLE TUBERS (kg/5m2)
XL
LARGE
MEDIUM
SMALL
MARBLE
TOTAL
Variety
Raniag
3.00a
2.80 a
2.00 a
1.30 a
1.00 a
10.10
Ganza
1.30 b
1.80 b
0.90 b
0.50 b
0.50 b
5.00
Distance
10cm x 10cm
2.50 a
2.30 a
2.10 a
1.20 a
1.10 a
14.20
15cm x 15cm
2.80 a
3.60 a
1.70 a
0.90 b
1.0 0a
10.00
20cm x 20cm
2.60 a
1.70 b
1.70 a
0.90 b
0.60 b
7.50
25cm x 25cm
1.70 b
1.80 b
0.90 b
0.80 bc
0.50 bc
5.70
30cm x 30cm
1.40 c
2.10 b
1.00 b
0.60 c
0.40 c
5.50
V x D
*
*
ns
ns
*
CV (%) A
41.18
14.62
13.14
26.06
8.01
B
13.4
18.37
24.21
12.45
14.02
4.5
4
3.5
3
10cm x 10cm
2.5
15cm x 15cm
2
20cm x 20cm
25cm x 25cm
1.5
30cm x 30cm
1
0.5
0
Raniag
Ganza
Figure 4a. Interaction effect of the potato varieties and planting distance on the weight of extra
large tubers
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
19
4.5
4
3.5
3
10cm x 10cm
2.5
15cm x 15cm
2
20cm x 20cm
1.5
25cm x 25cm
30cm x 30cm
1
0.5
0
Raniag
Ganza
Figure 4b. Interaction effect of the potato varieties and planting distance on the weight of large
tubers
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
10cm x 10cm
15cm x15cm
0.8
20cm x 20cm
0.6
25cm x25cm
0.4
30cm x 30cm
0.2
0
Raniag
Ganza
Figure 4c. Interaction effect of the potato varieties and planting distance on the weight of marble
tubers
Number and Weight of Non-Marketable Tuber
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
20
Effect of variety. Table 4 showed a significant differences on the number and weight of
non-marketable tubers of the potato varieties. Ganza significantly had the highest number and
weight of non-marketable tubers with means of 22.0 and 1.6 respectively, while Raniag gave the
lowest mean number and weight of non-marketable tubers of 6.0 and 0.4kg, respectively.
Effect of planting distance. No significant differences were noted on the number and
weight of non-marketable tubers of potato as affected by the different planting distance.
Table 4. Number and weight of non- marketable tubers of the potato varieties as affected by
planting distance for the production of gourmet potato
TREATMENT NON-MARKETABLE TUBERS
NUMBER
WEIGHT
(kg)
Variety
Raniag
6.00 b
0.40 b
Ganza
22.00 a
1.60 a
Distance
10 cm x 10 cm
16.00
1.20
15 cm x 15 cm
13.00
0.90
20 cm x 20 cm
15.00
1.20
25 cm x 25 cm
12.00
0.80
30 cm x 30 cm
15.00
1.00
VXD ns
ns
CV (%) A
16.34
44.52
B
25.08
30.39
Interaction effect. The interaction effect of the potato varieties and planting distance
showed no significant differences on the number and weight of non-marketable tubers.
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
21
Total and Computed Yield
Effect of variety. Table 5 shows that significant differences were observed on the yield of
the potato varieties. Raniag realized significantly the highest yield per 5m2 of 10.6 kg. while
Ganza gave the lowest mean of 6.6 kg. The computed yield of Raniag is almost twice (21kg.)
that of Ganza (13.3 kg.)
Effect of planting distance. Significant differences were also noted on the total and
computed yield. Planting distance at 15cm x 15cm significantly produced the highest total yield
and computed yield comparable with the plants distanced at 10cm x 10cm. The lowest total
yield and computed yield were observed in plants distanced at 30cm x 30cm and 25cm x 25cm.
Interaction effect. The interaction effect of the potato variety and planting distances
showed significant differences on total and computed yield. Raniag significantly produced the
highest total yield when planted at a distance of 10cm x 10cm and 15cm x 15cm (Figure 5). It
was observed that as plant population is increased there is corresponding significant increase on
the total yield per 5m2 and computed yield.
The findings is supported by the statement of Hanai and Iruniyana (1974) which states
that closer spacing for plants implies higher yield since there are more number of plants per unit
area.
Table 5. Total and computed yield of the potato varieties as affected by planting distance for the
production of gourmet potato
TREATMENT TOTAL
YIELD
(kg/5m2)
COMPUTED YIELD (t/ha)
Variety
Raniag
10.50 a
21.00 a
Ganza
6.60 b
13.30 b
Distances
10 cm x 10 cm
10.30 a
20.50 a
15 cm x 15 cm
10.90 a
21.70 a
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
22
20 cm x 20 cm
8.60 b
17.10 b
25 cm x 25 cm
6.70 c
13.30 c
30 cm x 30 cm
5.60 c
13.10 c
VXD *
*
CV (%) A
10.59
10.29
B
9.66
9.70
14
12
10
10cm x 10cm
8
15cm x15cm
6
20cm x 20cm
25cm x 25cm
4
30cmx 30cm
2
0
Raniag
Ganza
Figure 5. Interaction effect of the potato varieties and planting distance on the total yield
Reaction to Late Blight and Leaf Miner
All of the varieties planted at different distances showed high resistance to late blight and
leaf miner with no blight seen.
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
23
Number and Weight and Total Yield of Small
and Marble-sized Tuber for Gourmet Potato
Effect of variety. Table 6 shows that significant differences were observed on the
number, weight and total yield of the potato varieties. Raniag realized the highest number and
weight of small and marble-sized gourmet type potato. Ganza gave the lowest total yield of 1.1
kg/5m2.
Effect of planting distance. Significant differences were also noted on the number, weight
and total yield of small and marble-sized gourmet type potato as affected by planting distances.
Plants distanced at 10cm x 10cm and 15cm x 15cm significantly produced the highest number
and total yield compared to the other planting distance. The lowest total yield was observed in
plants distanced at 30cm x 30cm. The results prove that closer spacing between plants produce
more gourmet type potatoes.
Interaction effect. The interaction effect of the potato variety and planting distances
showed significant differences on number, weight and total yield of small and marble-sized
gourmet type potato. Raniag significantly produced the highest total yield when planted at a
distance of 10 cm x 10 cm and 15 cm x 15 cm.
Figure 6 shows that the number, weight and total yield of small and marble-sized
gourmet type potato increase as planting distance decreased regardless of variety used.
Table 6. Number, weight and total yield of small and marble gourmet potato as affected by
varieties and planting distance
TREATMENT NUMBER
WEIGHT (Kg)
TOTAL YIELD
SMALL MARBLE SMALL MARBLE
(kg/5m2)
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
24
Variety
Raniag
36.50a
43.70 a
1.30a
0.90a
2.20a
Ganza
15.70b
23.80 b
0.50b
0.50b
1.10b
Distance
10 x 10 cm
38.80a
50.70a
1.20a
1.20a
2.40a
15 x 15 cm
22.80b
46.70a
0.90b
1.00b
2.00b
20 x 20 cm
26.80b
28.80b
0.90b
0.60b
1.50c
25 x 25 cm
23.20b
23.70bc
0.80bc
0.50c
1.30c
30 x 30 cm
18.80b
18.80c
0.60c
0.40c
1.10d
VxD
ns
*
ns
*
**
CV (%)A
13.27
23.13
26.06
8.01
22.28
B
26.15
13.81
12.45
14.02 12.07
3.5
3
2.5
10cm x 10cm
2
1cm x 15cm
1.5
20cm x 20cm
25cm x 25cm
1
30cm x 30cm
0.5
0
Raniag
Ganza
Figure 6. Interaction effect of the potato varieties and planting distance on the total yield of
small and marble-sized gourmet potato
Return on Cash Expense (ROCE)
Raniag planted at a distance of 10cm x 10cm and 15cm x 15cm registered the highest
ROCE (56% and 92%) while Ganza distanced at 30cm x 30cm had the highest negative ROCE
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
25
(Table 7). This implies that high ROCE is realized when Raniag is planted at closer distances. It
was observed that higher number and weight of small and marble-sized tubers increase as
planting distance decreases.
Table 7. Cost and return analysis for small and marble-sized tubers for gourmet potato
production
TREATMENT YIELD
GROSS
COST OF
NET
ROCE
(kg/plot)
SALE
PRODUCTION
INCOME
(%)
(PhP)
(PhP)
(PhP)
Raniag
10 cm x 10 cm
3.2
160.00
62.50
97.50
156.00
15 cm x 15 cm
2.4
120.00
62.50
57.50
92.00
20 cm x 20 cm
2.2
110.00
62.50
47.50
76.00
25 cm x 25 cm
1.8
90.00
62.50
27.50
44.00
30 cm x 30 cm
1.5
75.00
62.50
12.50
20.00
Ganza
10 cm x 10 cm
1.5
75.00
62.50
12.50
20.00
15 cm x 15 cm
1.5
75.00
62.50
12.50
20.00
20 cm x 20 cm
0.9
45.00
62.50
-17.50
-28.00
25 cm x 25 cm
0.9
45.00
62.50
-17.50
-28.00
30 cm x 30 cm
0.6
30.00
62.50
-32.50
-52.00
Cost of tubers is P50/kg
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
26
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The effect of the different planting distance on the production of gourmet potato was
studied. The study aimed to determine the best variety of potato for gourmet production;
determine the best distance for potato gourmet production; determine the effect of the potato
varieties and the different planting distance; and to determine the profitability of growing potato
for gourmet production.
The different planting distances used were: 10 cm x 10 cm, 15 cm x15 cm, 20 cm x 20
cm, 25 cm x 25 cm and 30 cm x 30 cm while the potato varieties used were Raniag and Ganza.
Among the varieties used, Raniag had the highest plant survival, tallest plants at 45 and
90 DAP, produced the highest and heaviest marketable tubers, lowest non-marketable tubers,
highest number and weight of small and marble tubers and realized the highest total and
computed yield and ROCE.
On the effect of the different planting distance, plants distanced at 10 cm x 10 cm and 15
cm x 15 cm promoted the production of taller plants, produced the highest and heaviest
marketable tubers, highest total and computed yield and realized the highest ROCE. The plant
distanced at 10 cm x 10 cm produced the highest number and heaviest weight of gourmet potato.
Plants distanced at 15 cm x 15 cm gave the highest number and weight of extra large and
large tubers while 10 cm x10 cm plant distance results to the production of medium, small and
marble tubers in terms of number and weight, thus, it is more suited for the production of
gourmet-type potato tubers.
Significant interaction effects were noted between the two potato varieties and the
different planting distance. Raniag variety at a distance of 15 cm x 15cm produced the highest
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
27
and heaviest XL and large marketable tubers while Raniag potato planted at a distance of 10 cm
x 10 cm promoted the production of more gourmet type potato and highest ROCE.
No significant interaction effect were noted on plant survival, production of small
number of marketable tuber, production of medium and small weight of marketable tuber
Conclusions
Raniag is the best performing variety in the production of gourmet type potato as it
produces the highest number and heaviest weight of marketable tubers, total and computed yield
and produced the highest number and heaviest gourmet potato. Raniag also displayed the highest
percent survival & tallest plants.
Potato plants distanced at 10cm x 10 cm and 15 cm x 15 cm produce the highest number
and heaviest weight of gourmet type tubers.
Raniag variety with a plant distance of 10 cm x 10 cm and 15 cm x 15 cm showed the
best performance in all parameters measured including the production of gourmet type potato.
Recommendations
Under the conditions of the study, Raniag is the best variety for the production of
gourmet potato. Plant distance of 10 cm x 10 cm and 15 cm x15 cm is also recommended.
Further, it is recommended that the results of the study be extended to farmers interested to
produce gourmet potato.
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
28
LITERATURE CITED
ATTRA. 2009. Commercial Potato Production and Management. Retrieved December 5, 2010
from http://www.uky. edu/Ag/NewCrops/vegbudgets08.
DELANOY, L. 2003.Gourmet Potato Production. Retrieved January17, 2010 from http://
www. ca. uky .edu/agcpubs/ id /id134/id134. htm
DWELLE, R.B. Potato Health Management. Retrieved January 17, 2010 from
http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/potato/PotatoProductionSystems/Topics/Growth&Developm
ent.pdf.
INTERNATIONAL POTATO CENTER (CIP). 2001. Facts Sheet.Peru: CIP. 12 pages.
MABREY, V. and D. APTON. 2008. From McMuffins to McLattes: McDonald’s Chases
Gourmet Market,Plans Massive Restaurant Upgrade. Retrieved January 25, 2010 from
http://twitter.com/gourmet.
MANITOBA AGRICULTURE, FOOD and RURAL INITIATIVES. 2004. Gourmet Potato
Production. Retreved February 4, 2010 from http:// www. gov.mb .ca/
agriculture/cropspotato/ bda0s 10.html
NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY .1997. Fertilizing potato. Retreved February 18,
2011 from http://www.Ext . nodak. edu/ extpubs/ plantsci/ soilfert/sf715w.htm
NOVELLI, M. 2004. Niche Tourism: Contemporary Issues, Trends and Cases. Retrieved
February 20, 2010 from http://www.uky.edu/Ag/NewCrops/ veg budget 08.html
SATANEK, A., ROWELL, B., J. SNYDER, and D. SLONE. 2004. Gourmet and Fingerling
Potato Cultivar Trial. Retrieved February 20, 2010 from http:// www .hort. purdue. edu/
fruit veg/ rep _pres/2004-/MVVT 2004 PDF/Potatoes_KY_04.pdf
THORNTON, M. 2009. Potato research. Retrieved February 19, 2010 from http:/ www . cals.
uidaho. edu/ potato/ Research&Extension/ Topic/Growth&Physiology/
ImportanceOfTuberSet&BulkingRate- 07. pdf
VENDER,W.H. and H. Veeman 1966. The potato. Retrieved January 19, 2010 from http:
//www. oznet. ksu. edu/library/ hort2/ samplers/MF1090. asp
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
29
APPENDICES
Appendix Table 1. Plant survival (%)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
100 98 96 294 98.00
V1D2
100 97 94 291 97.00
V1D3
100 100 92 292 97.00
V1D4
100 100 100 300 100.00
V1D5
100 100 100 300 100.00
Sub-Total
500 495 482
1499 292
V2D1
100 96 92 288 96.00
V2D2
96 97 94
287 95.00
V2D3
94 100 84 278 92.00
V2D4
100 100 100 300 100.00
V2D5
88 100
100
288 96.00
Sub-Total 498 493
470
1441 480.00
TOTAL 978
988
952
2918
772.70
MEAN 97.8
98.8
95.2
29.18
77.27
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
30
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
98.00 96.00
194.00
97.00
15 x 15 cm
97.00 95.70
192.70
96.35
20 x 20 cm
97.30 92.70
190.00
95.00
25 x 25 cm
100.00
100.00
200.00
100.00
30 x 30 cm
100.00
96.00
196.00
98.00
TOTAL
292.30 480.40
MEAN 58.46
96.08
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
69.067
34.533
Main Factor A
1
43.200
43.200
4.32ns
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
20.000
10.000
Sub-plot Factor B
4
84.533
21.133
1.39ns
3.01
4.77
AxB 4
22.133
5.533
0.36ns
3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
264.933
15.183
TOTAL 29
481.869
ns- not significant
CV (%) = (a) = 12.11
(b) = 4.01
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
31
Appendix Table 2. Initial height (cm)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
91.30 92.70 91.10
271.50 91.70
V1D2
90.90 94.10 92.10
277.10 92.40
V1D3
87.60 89.00 89.10
265.70 88.60
V1D4
72.60 74.20 74.60
221.40 93.80
V1D5
58.90 58.80 62.50
180.20 60.10
Sub-Total 401.30
408.80
409.90
1215.90 406.60
V2D1
87.80 89.40 90.50
267.70 89.20
V2D2
83.20 85.90 84.60
253.20 54.40
V2D3
82.00 81.00 79.30
242.30 80.80
V2D4
47.90 52.90 54.00
154.80 51.60
V2D5
39.40 39.50 39.00
177.90 39.60
Sub-Total 340.30
348.70
347.40
1096.20 345.60
TOTAL 741.60
757.50
757.30
2312.10
752.20
MEAN 741.60
75.75
75.73
231.21
75.22
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
32
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
91.70 89.20
180.90
90.45
15 x 15 cm
92.40 84.40
176.80
88.40
20 x 20 cm
88.60 80.80
169.40
84.70
25 x 25 cm
93.80
51.60
125.40
62.70
30 x 30 cm
60.10
39.60
99.70
49.85
TOTAL
406.60 345.60
MEAN 81.32
69.12
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
16.145
8.072
Main Factor A
1
1117.520
1117.520
123.71**
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
0.181
0.090
Sub-plot Factor B
4
7836.261
1959.065
888.10**
3.01
4.77
AxB 4
460.268
115.067
52.20**
3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
35.295
2.206
TOTAL 29
9465.669
**- highly significant
CV (%) = (a) = 0.40
(b) = 1.98
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
33
Appendix Table 3. Final height (cm)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
132.50 132.70 131.60 396.80 132.30
V1D2
131.40 131.00 132.50 394.90 131.60
V1D3
127.50 127.20 127.10 381.80 127.30
V1D4
112.60 123.60 122.20 358.40 119.50
V1D5
103.90 103.00 103.30 310.20 103.40
Sub-Total 607.90
615.50
616.70
1842.10 614.00
V2D1
113.80
112.50
114.80
341.10
113.70
V2D2
112.50 110.70 111.60 334.80 111.60
V2D3
99.30 100.00 98.40 297.70 99.20
V2D4
94.60 93.40
104.90
292.90 97.60
V2D5
89.90 88.80 91.70
270.40 90.10
Sub-Total 510.10
505.40
521.40
1536.90 512.30
TOTAL 1118
1122.90
1138.10
3382
1126.30
MEAN 111.80
112.29
113.81
33.82
112.63
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
34
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
132.30 113.70
246.00
123.00
15 x 15 cm
131.60 111.60
243.20
121.60
20 x 20 cm
127.30 99.20
226.50
113.25
25 x 25 cm
119.50
97.60
217.10
108.55
30 x 30 cm
103.40
90.10
TOTAL
614.10 512.20
MEAN 122.80
102.11
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
22.136
11.067
Main Factor A
1
3106.936
3106.936
379.90
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
16.355
8.177
87.50**
Sub-plot Factor B
4
2742.941
685.735
5.50**
3.01
4.77
AxB 4
171.325
42.831
3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
125.449
TOTAL 29
6185.142
**- highly significant
CV (%) = (a) = 0.40
(b) = 1.98
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
35
Appendix Table 4.Number of extra large tubers
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
35 38 25 98 32.70
V1D2
46 50 30
126 42.00
V1D3
37 39 18 94 31.30
V1D4
31 35 19 85 28.30
V1D5
24 24 11 59 19.70
Sub-Total 173 186
103
462 154
V2D1
21 22 13 56 18.70
V2D2
20 18 10 48 16.00
V2D3
20 25 15 60 20.00
V2D4
4 7 6
17 5.70
V2D5
6 10 7 23 7.70
Sub-Total 74 82
51
207 69
TOTAL 180
268
154
602 223
MEAN 18.00
26.80
15.40
60.20
22.30
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
36
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
32.00 18.70
51.40
25.70
15 x 15 cm
42.00 16.00
58.00
29.00
20 x 20 cm
31.30 20.00
51.30
25.60
25 x 25 cm
28.30
5.70
34.00
17.00
30 x 30 cm
19.70
7.70
27.40
13.70
TOTAL
151.00 69.00
MEAN 30.80
13.80
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
52.543
26.271
Main Factor A
1
454.344
454.344
145.98
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
6.224
3.112
Sub-plot Factor B
4
376.221
94.055
34.03**
3.01
4.77
AxB
4
52.714
13.178
4.77*
3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
44.226
2.764
TOTAL 29
986.272
** - highly significant
*- significant
CV (%) = (a) = 10.29
(b) = 9.70
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
37
Appendix Table 5. Number of large tubers
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
32 23 25 80 26.70
V1D2
70 51 47
168 56.00
V1D3
45 36 30
111 37.00
V1D4
44 31 35
110 36.70
V1D5
59 41 39
139 46.30
Sub-Total 25 182
176
608 202.70
V2D1
57 43 34
134 44.70
V2D2
59 47 41
147 49.00
V2D3
14 11 9 34 11.30
V2D4
10 13 15 38 12.70
V2D5
4 9
11
24 8.00
Sub-Total 139 123
110
377 125.70
TOTAL 38.90
30.50
28.60
98.50
32.83
MEAN 19.45
15.25
14.30
49.25
16.41
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
38
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
26.70 44.70
71.40
35.70
15 x 15 cm
56.00 49.00
105.00
52.50
20 x 20 cm
37.00 11.30
48.30
24.10
25 x 25 cm
36.70
12.70
49.40
24.70
30 x 30 cm
46.30
8.00
54.30
27.20
TOTAL
202.70 125.70
MEAN 40.54
25.14
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
664.867
332.433
Main Factor A
1
1778.700
1778.700 27.7*
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
128.600
64.300
Sub-plot Factor B
4
3412.333
853.083
28.1**
3.01
4.77
AxB 4
2837.133
709.283
23.3**
3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
486.533
30.408
TOTAL 29
9308.167
** - highly significant
*- significant
CV (%) = (a) = 24.42
(b) = 16.80
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
39
Appendix Table 6. Number of medium tubers
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
80 51 47
178 59.30
V1D2
56 41 39
136 45.30
V1D3
65 53 48
166 55.30
V1D4
35 29 21 85 28.30
V1D5
48 40 33
121 40.30
Sub-Total 284 214
188
686 228.70
V2D1
41 30 26 97 32.30
V2D2
31 21 15 67 22.30
V2D3
14 18 15 47 15.70
V2D4
9 11 6 26 8.70
V2D5
5 13 7 25 8.30
Sub-Total 100 93 69
262 87.30
TOTAL 384
307
257
948 316
MEAN 38.40
30.70
25.70
94.8
31.60
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
40
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
59.30 32.30
91.60
45.80
15 x 15 cm
45.30 22.30
67.60
33.80
20 x 20 cm
55.30 15.70
71.00
35.50
25 x 25 cm
28.30
8.70
37.00
18.50
30 x 30 cm
40.30
8.30
48.00
24.30
TOTAL
228.50 87.30
MEAN 45.70
43.65
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
818.600
409.300
Main Factor A
1
5992.533
5992.533
43.9*
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
273.267
136.633
Sub-plot Factor B
4
2683.200
670.800
26.8**
3.01
4.77
AxB 4
370.800
92.700
3.7*
3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
400.800
25.050
TOTAL 29
10539.200
** - highly significant
*- significant
CV (%) = (a) = 36.99
(b) = 15.84
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
41
Appendix Table 7. Number of small tubers
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
65 51 47
163 54.30
V1D2
42 33 35 80 26.70
V1D3
50 37 30
117 39.00
V1D4
41 29 33
103 34.30
V1D5
30 25 30 85 28.30
Sub-Total 228 175
175
578 192.70
V2D1
27 20 23 70 23.30
V2D2
20 16 21 57 19.00
V2D3
16 13 15 44 14.70
V2D4
12 11 13 36 12.00
V2D5
10 7 11
28 9.30
Sub-Total 85 67
83
235 78.30
TOTAL 313
240
258
813 271
MEAN 31.30
24.00
25.80
81.30
27.10
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
42
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
53.30 23.30
76.60
38.30
15 x 15 cm
26.70 19.00
45.70
22.90
20 x 20 cm
39.00 14.70
53.70
26.90
25 x 25 cm
34.30
12.00
46.30
23.20
30 x 30 cm
28.30
9.30
37.60
18.80
TOTAL
181.60 78.30
MEAN 36.32
15.70
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE
SUM
DEGREE OF
MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
FREEDOM
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
85.400
42.700
Main Factor A
1
3265.633
3265.633
271.4**
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
24.067
12.033
Sub-plot Factor B
4
1408.533
352.133
7.6**
3.01
4.77
AxB
4
441.867
110.467
2.4ns 3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
108.667
6.792
TOTAL 29
5970.700
** - highly significant
ns- not significant
CV (%) = (a) = 13.29
(b) = 26.15
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
43
Appendix Table 8. Number of marble tubers
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
79 67 59
205 63.30
V1D2
63 57 54
174 58.00
V1D3
54 39 30
123 41.00
V1D4
38 20 23 81 27.00
V1D5
31 23 18 72 24.00
Sub-Total 265 206
184
658 219.30
V2D1
40 38 21 99 33.00
V2D2
37 31 38
196 35.30
V2D3
24 19 7 50 16.70
V2D4
20 24 17 61 20.30
V2D5
17 13 11 41 13.70
Sub-Total 138 125
94
357 119
TOTAL 403
331
257
1015
338.30
MEAN 40.30
33.10
27.50
10.15
33.8316
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
44
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
63.30 33.00
96.30
48.10
15 x 15 cm
58.00 35.00
93.00
46.50
20 x 20 cm
41.00 16.70
57.70
28.85
25 x 25 cm
27.00
20.30
47.30
23.65
30 x 30 cm
24.00
13.70
37.70
18.85
TOTAL
213.30 118.70
MEAN 42.66
23.72
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
787.267
393.633
Main Factor A
1
2960.133
2960.133 49.8*
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
118.867
59.433
Sub-plot Factor B
4
4808.200
1202.050
55.4**
3.01
4.77
AxB
4
798.200
199.550
9.2**
3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
347.200
21.700
TOTAL 29
9819.867
** - highly significant
*- significant
CV (%) = (a) = 23.13
(b) = 13.81
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
45
Appendix Table 9. Weight of extra large tubers (kg)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
3.00 3.70 2.50 9.20 3.10
V1D2
4.50 4.90 2.90
12.20 4.10
V1D3
3.90 3.80 1.80 9.50 3.20
V1D4
3.10 3.40 1.90 8.40 2.80
V1D5
2.30 2.40 1.10 5.70 2.00
Sub-Total 16.80
18.20
10.20
45.20 15.20
V2D1
2.10 2.20 1.30 5.50 1.90
V2D2
1.90 1.80 1.00 4.60 1.50
V2D3
2.00 2.40 1.50 5.90 1.90
V2D4
0.50 0.70 0.60 1.80 0.60
V2D5
0.60 1.00 1.70 2.40 0.70
Sub-Total 7.10
8.10
5.10
20.30 6.80
TOTAL 23.90
26.30
15.30
65.70
22.00
MEAN 2.39
2.63
1.53
6.57
2.20
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
46
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
3.10 1.90
5.00
2.50
15 x 15 cm
4.10 1.50
5.60
2.80
20 x 20 cm
3.20 1.90
5.10
2.60
25 x 25 cm
2.80
0.60
3.40
1.70
30 x 30 cm
2.00
0.70
2.70
1.40
TOTAL
15.20 6.60
MEAN 3.04
1.32
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2 6.580
Main Factor A
1
20.619
3.290
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
1.602
20.619
25.7*
Sub-plot Factor B
4
9.189
0.801
3.01
4.77
AxB 4
2.558
2.297
26.8**
3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
1.372
0.639
7.5**
TOTAL 29
41.920
0.086
** - highly significant
*- significant
CV (%) = (a) = 41.18
(b) = 13.47
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
47
Appendix Table 10. Weight of large tubers (kg)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
1.30 1.70 1.90 4.80 1.60
V1D2
4.10 3.50 4.20
11.80 4.00
V1D3
2.50 2.50 2.30 7.20 2.40
V1D4
2.50 2.00 3.40 7.90 2.60
V1D5
3.70 3.70 3.50
10.90 3.60
Sub-Total 14.10
13.40
15.30
42.80 14.00
V2D1
3.20 3.00 2.70 8.80 3.00
V2D2
3.40 3.30 3.10 1.00 3.20
V2D3
1.90 9.70 9.60 3.20 1.10
V2D4
0.60 1.20 1.40 3.10 1.10
V2D5
9.20 1.00 1.00 2.00 9.60
Sub-Total 9.30
9.20
8.80
18.10 6.00
TOTAL 13.40
22.60
24.10
60.90
20.30
MEAN 1.34
2.26
2.41
6.09
2.03
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
48
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
1.60 3.00
4.60
2.30
15 x 15 cm
4.00 3.20
7.20
3.60
20 x 20 cm
2.40 1.10
3.50
1.70
25 x 25 cm
2.60
1.00
3.60
1.80
30 x 30 cm
3.60
0.60
TOTAL
14.20 8.90
MEAN 2.84
1.78
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2 0.150
0.075
Main Factor A
1
8.421
8.421
73.4*
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
0.229
0.115
Sub-plot Factor B
4
13.429
3.357
18.5**
3.01
4.77
AxB 4
14.994
3.749
20.8
3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
400.800
25.050
TOTAL 29
40.124
** - highly significant
*- significant
CV (%) = (a) = 14.62
(b) = 18.37
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
49
Appendix Table 11. Weight of medium tubers (kg)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
2.70 2.50 2.30 8.00 2.70
V1D2
2.10 2.70 2.20 7.00 2.30
V1D3
2.60 2.10 2.40 7.10 2.40
V1D4
1.20 1.50 1.20 4.00 1.30
V1D5
0.50 2.40 1.80 4.70 1.60
Sub-Total 9.10
11.20
10.00
30.20 10.00
V2D1
1.50 1.80 1.40 4.70 1.60
V2D2
1.10 1.30 0.80 3.20 1.10
V2D3
1.00 1.00 0.90 2.80 0.90
V2D4
0.40 0.70 0.70 1.70 0.60
V2D5
0.20 0.80 0.40 1.40 0.50
Sub-Total 4.20
5.60
4.20
13.80 4.60
TOTAL 13.30
16.80
14.20
315.80
14.60
MEAN 1.31
1.68
1.42
31.58
1.46
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
50
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
2.70 1.60
4.30
2.15
15 x 15 cm
2.30 1.10
3.40
1.70
20 x 20 cm
2.40 0.90
3.30
1.60
25 x 25 cm
1.30
0.60
1.90
1.00
30 x 30 cm
1.60
0.50
2.10
1.05
TOTAL
10.30 4.70
MEAN 2.06
0.94
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2 0.591
0.296
Main Factor A
1
9.442
9.442
244.1**
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
0.077
0.039
Sub-plot Factor B
4
5.846
1.461
11.3**
3.01
4.77
AxB
4
0.387
0.097
0.75ns 3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
2.073
0.130
TOTAL 29
18.416
** - highly significant
ns- not significant
CV (%) = (a) = 13.19
(b) = 24.21
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
51
Appendix Table 12. Weight of small tubers (kg)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I
III
V1D1
2.00 1.60 1.60 5.10 1.70
V1D2
1.30 1.10 1.20 3.60 1.20
V1D3
1.60 1.20 0.90 3.80 1.30
V1D4
1.20 1.10 1.10 3.50 1.20
V1D5
0.90 1.00 0.90 2.90 1.00
Sub-Total 7.00
6.00
5.70
18.70 6.20
V2D1
0.80 0.70 0.80 2.30 0.80
V2D2
0.70 0.60 0.70 2.00 0.70
V2D3
0.50 0.50 0.50 1.50 0.50
V2D4
0.40 0.40 0.50 1.30 0.40
V2D5
0.30 0.20 0.30 0.90 0.30
Sub-Total 2.70
2.40
2.80
8.00 2.70
TOTAL 9.70
8.40
5.50
23.60
8.90
MEAN 0.97
0.84
0.55
2.36
0.89
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
52
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
1.70 0.80
2.50
1.30
15 x 15 cm
1.20 0.70
1.90
1.00
20 x 20 cm
1.30 0.50
1.80
0.90
25 x 25 cm
1.20
0.40
1.60
0.80
30 x 30 cm
1.10
0.30
1.30
0.60
TOTAL
6.40 2.70
MEAN 1.28
0.54
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2 0.099
0.049
Main Factor A
1
3.914
3.914
79.0*
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
0.099
0.050
Sub-plot Factor B
4
1.198
0.300
24.3**
3.01
4.77
AxB 4
0.122
0.031
2.5ns 3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
0.197
0.012
TOTAL 29
5.630
** - highly significant
ns- not significant
CV (%) = (a) = 25.06
(b) = 12.45
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
53
Appendix Table 13. Weight of marble tubers (kg)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
1.80 1.50 1.20 4.50 1.50
V1D2
1.30 1.30 1.10 3.70 1.20
V1D3
1.10 0.80 0.60 2.60 0.90
V1D4
0.80 0.60 0.50 1.80 0.60
V1D5
0.70 0.80 0.40 1.60 0.50
Sub-Total 5.70
5.00
3.80
14.50 4.80
V2D1
0.90 0.70 0.40 2.20 0.70
V2D2
0.80 0.40 0.80 2.30 0.80
V2D3
0.50 0.60 0.30 1.10 0.40
V2D4
0.50 0.60 0.40 1.40 0.50
V2D5
0.40 0.30 0.30 1.00 0.30
Sub-Total 3.10
2.60
2.20
7.90 2.70
TOTAL 8.80
7.60
6.00
22.40
7.50
MEAN 0.88
0.76
0.60
2.24
0.75
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
54
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
1.50 0.70
2.20
1.10
15 x 15 cm
1.20 0.80
2.00
1.00
20 x 20 cm
0.90 0.40
1.30
0.70
25 x 25 cm
0.60
0.50
1.10
0.60
30 x 30 cm
0.50
0.30
0.80
0.40
TOTAL
4.70 2.70
MEAN 0.94
0.54
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2 0.427
0.214
Main Factor A
1
1.313
1.313
72.4*
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
0.036
0.018
Sub-plot Factor B
4
2.190
0.547
50.2**
3.01
4.77
AxB 4
0.387
0.097
8.8**
3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
0.174
0.011
TOTAL 29
4.527
** - highly significant
*- significant
CV (%) = (a) = 8.01
(b) = 14.02
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
55
Appendix Table 14. Number of marketable tubers
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
7 7 8
22 7.30
V1D2
5 6 5
16 5.30
V1D3
9 4 9
22 7.30
V1D4
3 7 3
13 4.30
V1D5
8 4 4
16 5.30
Sub-Total 32 28
28
89 29.70
V2D1
25 23 23 71 23.70
V2D2
18 27 15 60 20.00
V2D3
20 28 21 69 23.00
V2D4
17 20 22 59 20.00
V2D5
28 19 25 72 24.00
Sub-Total 108 117
106
331 110.70
TOTAL 140
145
135
420 140
MEAN 1.40
1.45
1.35
4.20
1.40
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
56
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
7.30 23.70
31.00
15.50
15 x 15 cm
5.30 20.00
25.30
12.60
20 x 20 cm
7.30 23.00
30.30
15.20
25 x 25 cm
4.30
20.00
24.30
12.20
30 x 30 cm
5.30
24.00
29.30
14.70
TOTAL
29.50 109.70
MEAN 5.90
21.94
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2 5.000
2.500
Main Factor A
1
1952.133
1952.133
373.0**
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
10.467
5.233
Sub-plot Factor B
4
59.000
14.750
1.2ns 3.01
4.77
AxB 4
14.200
3.550
0.29ns 3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
197.200
12.325
TOTAL 29
2238.000
** - highly significant
ns- not significant
CV (%) = (a) = 16.34
(b) = 25.08
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
57
Appendix Table 15. Weight of non-marketable tubers (kg)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
0.6 0.5 0.5 1.6 0.5
V1D2
0.5 0.5 0.3 1.3 0.4
V1D3
0.8 0.3 0.5 1.7 0.6
V1D4
0.3 0.4 0.2 1.0 0.3
V1D5
0.8 0.2 0.3 1.3 0.4
Sub-Total 3.0 2.0
1.8
6.8 2.3
V2D1
1.7 2.0 1.5 5.3 1.8
V2D2
1.4 1.6 1.0 4.1 1.4
V2D3
1.3 2.5 1.4 5.2 1.7
V2D4
1.0 1.8 1.3 4.1 1.4
V2D5
1.9 1.1 1.6 4.6 1.5
Sub-Total 7.3 9.0
6.8
23.1 7.7
TOTAL 10.3
11.0
8.6
29.9 10.0
MEAN 1.03
1.10
0.86
2.99
1.00
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
58
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
0.5 1.8
2.3
1.2
15 x 15 cm
0.4 1.4
1.8
0.9
20 x 20 cm
0.6 1.7
2.3
1.2
25 x 25 cm
0.3
1.4
1.7
0.8
30 x 30 cm
0.4
1.5
1.9
1.0
TOTAL
2.2 7.8
MEAN 0.44
1.56
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2 0.273
0.136
Main Factor A
1
9.035
9.035
45.0*
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
0.402
0.201
Sub-plot Factor B
4
0.496
0.124
1.32ns 3.01
4.77
AxB 4
0.086
0.021
0.23ns 3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
1.498
0.094
TOTAL 29
11.790
** - highly significant
ns- not significant
CV (%) = (a) = 44.52
(b) = 30.39
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
59
Appendix Table 16. Total yield/plot (kg)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
11.3 11.5 10.0 32.8 11.0
V1D2
13.8 13.4 12.0 39.2 13.1
V1D3
12.4 11.4 8.5 32.4 10.8
V1D4
9.1 9.0 8.3
26.4 8.8
V1D5
8.8 10.3 8.1 27.2 9.1
Sub-Total 55.4
45.3
46.9
15.8 52.8
V2D1
10.2 10.4 8.2 28.8 9.6
V2D2
9.4 9.3 7.3
26.0 8.7
V2D3
6.4 7.6 5.0
19.0 6.3
V2D4
3.3 5.3 5.0
13.5 4.5
V2D5
3.7 4.2 4.3
12.2 4.1
Sub-Total 33.3
36.8
29.8
99.5 30.2
TOTAL 88.7
82.1
76.7
257.5
83.0
MEAN 8.87
8.21
7.67
25.75
8.3
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
60
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
11.0 9.6
20.6
10.3
15 x 15 cm
13.1 8.7
21.8
10.9
20 x 20 cm
10.8 6.3
17.1
8.5
25 x 25 cm
8.8
4.5
13.3
6.6
30 x 30 cm
9.1
4.1
13.2
6.6
TOTAL
52.8 33.2
MEAN 10.56
6.64
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
13.217
6.609
Main Factor A
1
114.169
114.169
138.4**
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
1.649
0.825
Sub-plot Factor B
4
94.556
23.639
34.4**
3.01
4.77
AxB 4
12.790
3.197
4.6*
3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
10.996
TOTAL 29
247.376
** - highly significant
*- significant
CV (%) = (a) = 10.59
(b) = 6.66
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
61
Appendix Table 17. Computed yield (tons/ha)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
22.7 22.9 19.9 65.2 21.7
V1D2
27.6 26.7 24.0 48.4 26.1
V1D3
25.1 22.7 17.0 64.8 21.6
V1D4
18.3 18.1 16.6 52.9 17.6
V1D5
17.6 20.5 16.2 54.4 18.1
Sub-Total 111.3
110.9
97.3
315.9 125.3
V2D1
20.4 20.8 16.3 57.5 19.2
V2D2
18.7 18.5 14.7 51.9 17.3
V2D3
12.7 15.2 10.1 38.0 19.0
V2D4
6.7 10.5 9.8 27.0 9.0
V2D5
7.4 8.3 8.6
24.4 8.1
Sub-Total 66.0
73.3
60.0
198 66.3
TOTAL 177.3
184.2
153.7
514.0
171.6
MEAN 17.73
18.42
15.37
51.40
17.16
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
62
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
21.7 19.2
40.9
20.4
15 x 15 cm
26.1 17.3
43.4
21.7
20 x 20 cm
21.6 19.0
40.6
20.3
25 x 25 cm
17.6
9.0
28.6
14.3
30 x 30 cm
18.1
8.1
26.2
13.1
TOTAL
105.1 72.6
MEAN 21.02
14.52
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2
52.543
26.271
Main Factor A
1
454.344
454.344
145.98
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
6.224
3.112
Sub-plot Factor B
4
376.221
94.055
34.03**
3.01
4.77
AxB 4
52.714
13.178
4.7*
3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
44.226
2.764
TOTAL 29
986.272
** - highly significant
*- significant
CV (%) = (a) = 10.29
(b) = 9.70
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
63
Appendix Table 18. Total yield of small and marble size of gourmet potato tubers
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL
MEAN
I II
III
V1D1
3.9 3.1 2.8 9.8 3.3
V1D2
2.6 2.4 2.3 7.3 2.4
V1D3
2.7 2.1 1.5 6.3 2.1
V1D4
2.0 1.6 1.6 5.2 1.7
V1D5
1.6 1.6 1.3 4.5 1.5
Sub-Total 12.8
10.8
9.5
32.2 11.0
V2D1
1.7 1.5 1.2 4.4 1.5
V2D2
1.6 1.3 1.5 4.4 1.5
V2D3
1.0 0.9 0.7 2.6 0.9
V2D4
0.9 1.0 0.9 2.8 0.9
V2D5
0.7 0.5 0.6 1.8 0.6
Sub-Total 5.9 5.2
4.9
16.0 5.3
TOTAL 18.7
16.0
14.4
48.2 16.3
MEAN 1.87
1.60
1.44
4.82
1.63
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
64
TWO WAY TABLE
PLANTING DISTANCE
VARIETY
TOTAL
MEAN
(cm)
RANIAG
GANZA
10 x 10 cm
3.3 1.5
4.8
2.4
15 x 15 cm
2.4 1.5
3.9
2.0
20 x 20 cm
2.1 0.9
3.0
1.5
25 x 25 cm
1.7
0.9
2.6
1.3
30 x 30 cm
1.5
0.6
2.1
1.1
TOTAL
11 5.4
MEAN 2.2
1.1
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE
TABULATED
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM MEAN OF COMPUTED
F
OF
OF
OF
SQUARES
F
VARIATION
FREEDOM SQUARES
0.05 0.01
Replication 2 0.945
0.472
Main Factor A
1
9.747
9.747
73.2857**
18.51 98.49
Error (a)
2
0.266
0.133
Sub-plot Factor B
4
6.545
1.636
42.4978**
3.01
4.77
AxB 4
0.971
0.243
6.3074**
3.01
4.77
Error (b)
16
0.616
0.039
TOTAL 29
19.090
** - highly significant
CV (%) = (a) = 22.28
(b) = 12.07
Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on the Production of
Gourmet Potato/Clifford C. Bagayao 2011
Document Outline
- Effect of Planting Distance and Variety on theProduction of Gourmet Potato
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES