BIBLIOGRAPHY SACLEY, JODELYN S. ...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013. Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta
vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in
Atok, Benguet. Benguet State University, La Trinidad Benguet.
Adviser: Hector C. Gayomba, BS.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted at Atok, Benguet from September 2012 to January 2013
to determine the growth and yield of sugar beet applied with different organic fertilizers
grown under greenhouse condition; identify the best organic fertilizers for sugar beet
production; determine the best interaction effect of the different sugar beet varieties and
organic fertilizers for sugar beet production; and determine the profitability of sugar beet
production applied with different organic fertilizers.
Based from the results of the study, variety Green Top Bunching had higher root diameter
and higher yield. All of the organic fertilizers applied are best for sugar beet production.
There were no significant interaction effects of sugar beet varieties and the organic
fertilizers for sugar beets production. Application of the different organic fertilizers for
sugar beet production was profitable.
Application of any of the organic fertilizer is therefore recommended for sugar beet
production. Although, for higher profit, application of mushroom compost in Green Top
Bunching variety is recommended.
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
INTRODUCTION
Sugar beet (
Beta vulgaris L.) is the major sugar crop grown in temperate regions of
the world. Along with sugarcane, it produces 70 tons of sugar consumed annually in the
world (Johnson
et al., 1971).
Today, sugar beet is grown in 48 countries throughout the five continents of the
world. It is used as a crop to extract sugar, a carbohydrate source that contributes
significantly to the flavour, aroma, texture, color and body of a variety of foods. In addition,
sugar factories produce dry sugar beet pulp to feed cattle and sheep, and molasses for
production of yeast, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, as well as mixed cattle feed. The major
producers of sugar from sugar beet are Europe and USA, with Europe responsible for the
45-50% of the world production of sugar from sugar beet. Concerning the world sucrose
production, sugar beet has a share of 30% whereas the other 70% are produced from sugar
cane (Von
et al., 2005).
Sugar beet is one of the crops being grown in high elevations. In Cattubo, Atok,
Benguet the production of such crops provide better income to farmers. It requires low
production cost and commands good price in the market since farmers are growing it
organically. Farmers are using garden compost (weeds) as organic fertilizer to improve the
physical, biological and chemical properties of the soil. In addition, application of organic
fertilizer helps conserve the soil, maintain and sustain crop quality and productivity, and
protect the environment. Organic fertilizers maintain if not increase the organic matter level
in the soil (PCARRD, 2006).
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
However, inspite of using the garden compost, yield is not enough (Sacley, 2012).
Thus this study will be conducted to evaluate other organic fertilizers for organic sugar
beet production and the results will guide the organic vegetable growers including those
who want to venture in organic farming. The study will be conducted inside the greenhouse
to protect the crop from pesticides and foliar spray in the nearby farms. At the same time
it will protect the crop from environment factors that will cause stress and prevent loss of
nutrients from heavy rains.
The objectives of the study were to:
1. determine the growth and yield of sugar beets applied with different organic
fertilizers grown under greenhouse condition ;
2. identify the best organic fertilizers for sugar beet production;
3. determine the best interaction effect of the different sugar beet varieties and
organic fertilizers for sugar beet production; and
4. determine the profitability of sugar beet production applied with different
organic fertilizers.
The study was conducted at Cattubo, Atok, Benguet from September 2012 to
January 2013.
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
The Plant
Sugar beet (
Beta vulgaris L.) a biennial plant that belongs to the family of
Chenopodiaceae. It is a highly variable species containing four main groups of agricultural
significance: leaf beets (such as Swiss chard), garden beets (such as beetroot), fodder beets
and sugar beets. (Von
et al., 2005).
Sugar beet is a conical, white, fleshy root with a flat crown. Sugar is formed
through a process of photosynthesis in the sugar beet’s rosette of leaves, the size of which
differs according to the sugar beet variety. Sugar beet foliage has a rich, brilliant green
color and grows to a height of about 14 inches. The leaves are numerous and broad and
grow in a tuft from the crown. Beneath the crown is the cone shape root. The elongated
upper part or the root is called the beet. The root tapers down to form a thin taproot, which
extend to 0.6 to 12.5 cm into the soil. The long taproot can obtain water that lies far below
the ground.
The root weighs for 0.7 to 1.4 kg about 12 - 20% of the weigh is a sugar called
sucrose. The root of the beet (taproot) contains 75 percent water and rest is dry matter. The
dry matter is about 5 percent pulp and about 75 percent sugar. The by-products of the sugar
beet crop such as pulp and molasses add another 10 percent to the value of the harvest
(FAO, 2009).
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
Climatic Requirement
Sugar beet is the crop of temperate and cold climate, with a temperature range of
o
18 to 45 C. It can be grown profitably in almost all parts of the country where such climate
exists. Sugar beet requires good sunshine during its growth period with a well distributed
rainfall of 300 – 350 mm. This condition favors vegetative growth and for tuber
enlargement. Sugar beet can be grown in well drained sandy loam to clay loam soils.
Optimum pH range is from 6.5 to 8.0 but it can also grow in saline and alkaline soil. The
soils with good organic matter status are more favorable for sugar beet
(Bazar, 2002).
Organic Farming
Organic farming is a system devoid of the used of any chemical or genetically
modified inputs in which the biological potential of the soil. Organic sources and
underground water resource are conserved and protected by adapting suitable cropping
pattern including agro forestry and of organic replenishment (Deshmukh, 2010).
A significant amount of research has been undertaken in regard to organic farming
and organic practices and their positive impacts. First and foremost, organic agricultural
practices result in the lessening and synthetic fertilizers in soil and water. These chemicals
remain fixed in soil for years and leach into water system causing further short and long
term damage. Additionally, it has been demonstrated twice and again that organic
agricultural practices work to lessen soil erosion to a very significant degree (Deshmukh,
2010).
Increasing population levels on a near stabilized agricultural land places a heavy
burden on the soil source-particularly its nutrient supplying power. Chemical fertilizers
have come to increase the output of an agricultural product and to meet ever increasing
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
demand of human population. The problem is further compounded in several areas due to
the excessive use of chemical fertilizers which resulted into considerable deterioration in
the quality of indigenous soil. Intensive agriculture with the use of chemical fertilizers in
large amount has, no doubt, resulted in manifold increase in the productivity of farm
commodities but the adverse effect of these chemicals are clearly visible on soil structure,
microflora, quality of water, food, and fodder. Organic farming has emerged as the only
answer to bring sustainability to agriculture and environment. Organic farming is a farming
integration of biological, cultural and natural inputs including integrated diseases and pest
management practices (Panda and Hota, 2007).
Organic Fertilizer
Organic fertilizer are fertilizers made of animal or plant products that have
completely decomposed until the original material has become soil-like in texture, and
should be free from plant and animal pathogens. Either natural or fortified, organic
fertilizer contains at least 20% organic matter (OM) in an oven-dried basis and must be
capable of supplying nutrients to plants. All other materials that fall short of these
requirements are classified as soil conditioners or amendments (Phil Rice, 2009)
In terms of the end product, such as the quality of plant produced by a commercial
greenhouse, organic fertilizers can be quite competitive with traditional synthetic sources.
Compost is an alternative fertilizer offered by organic farming, it is a mixture of
decomposed organic materials containing nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium and lots of other minerals (copper, molybdenum, boron, iron, manganese, etc.)
released into readily available forms for plant use (La Top MPC, undated).
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
Effect of Organic Fertilizers on the Soil
Organic fertilizers granulated the soil and improve the structure. With improved
structure, the soil became loose better aerated and easier to cultivate (ARF, 2010). Organic
fertilizers also improve biological activities on the soil as it increases rapid multiplication
of fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes and other soil organisms (PCARRD, 2006).
Experiment has shown that organic fertilizers increase soil aggregation, lower bulk
density (compaction) and increase porosity, pH and cation exchange capacity. Organic
fertilizers have very important effect in neutralizing aluminum which is the predominant
toxic metal in acids soils. They are known to stimulate activities of soil organisms since
organic matter is their primary source of carbon and energy (ARF, 2010).
Organic materials are often promoted for improving the physical biological and
chemical properties of soils. The claimed improvements in soil physical properties include
better soil structure and aggregation improved water holding capacity and better drainage.
Such changes in physical properties of well drained aerobic soil can improve the medium
for plant growth. Purported benefits of organic materials on soil chemical properties
include higher nutrient holding-capacity, and increased ability to resist changes in soil ph
(ARF, 2010).
Organic materials effects on the soil are strongly influenced by the nature, their
nutrient content, and the process of their decomposition in the soil. They increase soil
fertility, balanced supply of nutrient and build up of organic matter. There is a diverse array
of organic materials, which can be processed and composted for application in the farm.
Most of these are known wastes but some are by-products that can be put to good use by
simple processes or treatment such as composting (PCARRD, 2006).
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
Compost is decomposed organic matter, such as crop residues and/or animal
manure. The presence of organic matter in the soil is fundamental in maintaining the soil
fertility and decreasing nutrient losses. Increasing soil organic matter improves soil
structure, water infiltration, soil aeration, combats compaction and increases the soil’s
water-holding capacity. In sandy soils, organic matter increases nutrient-holding capacity
and is associated with increased organic nitrogen levels that can be mineralized to provide
crop nitrogen. Adequate soil organic matter also counters acidification caused by most
fertilizers. The associated increases in biological activity and diversity can reduce diseases
and pests (Paulin and O’Malley, 2008).
Organic Sugar Beet
Organic sugarbeet is produced in production for organic sugar. Organic sugarbeet
is relatively new development, dating back only about 10 years. According to the
internationall sugar organization (ISO), organic sugarbeet farming in the world is
experiencing a growth rate of 20 to 30 % annually, and it reached about 2,000,000 tons in
2005. In Europe, the british sugar corporation started in 2001 to proccess organic sugarbeet
with an initial production of 10,000 t per year. Organic sugarbeet are processed at the
beginning of the compaign separate from the normal beets. Organic is used in organic ice
cream, jam, baked food, and confectionary (Asadi, 2007).
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
MATERIALS AND METHOD
An area of 90m2 was thoroughly prepared and divided into 24 plots measuring
0.75m x 5m under a tunnel type greenhouse (Figures 1and 2). The factors were considered
as treatment and the area was used for organic production of a vegetable crops. Each
treatment was laid out following factorial in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with
three replications.
The treatments are as follows:
Factor A
Variety
V1
Detriot dark red (control)
V2
Green Top Bunching
Factor B
Organic fertilizer
01
Garden compost (control) (1.00%N, 340 P ppm, 925 K ppm)
02
Vermicompost (1.37% N, 1.92 % P2 05, 1.80 % K2O)
03
BSU Grower compost (2.79 % N, 3.88 P2 05, 4.11 % K20)
04
Mushroom compost (1.00 % N, 160P ppm, 590 K ppm)
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
Figure 1. Overview of the tunnel type greenhouse at Atok, Benguet
Figure 2. Overview of the experimental area inside the tunnel type greenhouse at Atok,
Benguet
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
Organic Fertilizer and Application
Garden compost was prepared by collecting weeds and other plant species in the
locality. The collected weeds and other plant species were shredded and decomposed for a
month applied with effective microorganisms. BSU grower compost was acquired from
the farmer at CS Organic Farm. Mushroom compost and Vermicompost were acquired at
Benguet State University (BSU). All of the organic fertilizers were applied with the same
rate at 3.75 kg/ 3.75 m2during land preparation (Figure 3).
Figure 3. Application of Organic Fertilizer
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
Planting and Planting Distance
Seeds were sown at a distance of 20 cm between hills and 20 cm between rows at
2 seeds per hill (Figure 4).
Figure 4. Planting of sugar beet seeds
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
Cultural Management Practices
Cultural practices such as hilling up (Figure 5), weeding, and irrigation were
uniformly done. All other practices were done under organic production system.
Figure 5. Overview of sugar beet plant after hilling-up at 30 DAP
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
Data Gathered
1. Agro-climatic data. The average monthly temperature, relative humidity,
and sunshine duration were recorded every weekend during the conduct of the experiment.
2. Soil analysis. Soil samples were taken before land preparation and after harvest
to determine soil chemical properties such as pH, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorous
and potassium content. Soil samples were brought to the Bureau of Soils Pacdal, Baguio
City for analysis.
3. Emergence (%). This was computed using the formula:
Emergence (%) = No. of seedling emerged – No. of seeds sown x 100
4. Final height of plant at 120 DAP (cm). Ten sample plants were measured
from the base of the leaf petioles to the tip of the leaves at harvest.
5. Root length (cm). The length of the ten sample roots were measured using a
root rule from the base to the tip of the root.
6. Root diameter (cm). The diameter of ten sample roots were measured at the
mid-section with a vernier caliper.
7. Number and weight of marketable yield (kg). This was obtained by counting
and weighing the saleable roots with no defects.
8. Computed yield (tons/ha). This was taken based on the total weight of the
marketable roots per plot in the different treatment using the formula:
Yield (ton/ha) = Total Weight per Plot x 10,000/1,000
Plot size (m2)
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
9. Return on Investment (ROI). This was computed using the formula:
ROI= Net profit x 100
Total cost of production
10. Sugar content (°brix). Juice was extracted from grated sugar beet roots. The
sample roots was divided into three; base, middle and tip. The sugar content of each part
was taken using refractrometer.
11. Dry matter content (%). Thirty grams of sample sugar beet roots were sliced
into cubes, weighed, and oven dried at 70°C for 72 hours. Dry matter content was taken
using the following formula:
% dry matter content= 100% - MC
Where: % moisture = Fresh weight – Oven dry weight x 100
Fresh weight
Data Analysis
All quantitative data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for
factorial in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. The
significance of difference between treatment means was analyzed using Duncan`s Multiple
Range Test (DMRT).
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
[
T
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
y
p
e
Agro-climatic Data
a
Monthly mean temperature, relative humidity and light intensity during the
q
conduct of the study from September 2012 to January 2013 are shown in Table 1. Highest
u
o
temperature (37.58oC) was recorded during the month of October while the lowest
t
temperature (8.3oC) was recorded during the month of January. The temperature is within
e
the range that favors the growth of sugar beet. Relative humidity was recorded in thef
r
morning and afternoon with a reading ranges from 42% to 99% and light intensity ranged
o
m
from 1041.00 to 1973 Fc.
t
h
Table 1. Temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity during the conduct of the e
study
d
MONTH
TEMPERATURE
RELATIVE
LIGHT
o
(°C)
HUMIDITY (%)
INTENSITY
MIN MAX
Am Pm
(Fc)
c
u
m
September
14.70
36.15
74.00
94.00
1474.00
e
n
October
12.12
37.58
72.00
88.00
1415.00
t
November
11.97
30.00
78.00
86.00
1041.00
o
December
10.15
28.62
69.00
99.00
1129.00
r
January
8.30
33.20
42.00
95.00
1973.00
t
h
e
s
u
m
m
a
r
y
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
o
f
a
Soil Chemical Properties
As shown in Table 2, there is a slight soil pH decreased after harvesting from 7.01
to 6.82. The decreased could be due to the effect of the organic fertilizer. According to
Bazar (2002), the optimum pH that favors the sugar beet is from 6.8 to 8.0. The percent
organic matter (OM) and nitrogen also decreased in all the soil applied with different
organic fertilizers. Decreased could be due to the nutrient uptake by the plant. There was
an increased on the phosphorous and potassium content of the soil applied with different
organic fertilizer after harvest. Soil from plots applied with BSU grower compost was
noted to have the highest increased. This could be due to the high phosphorus and
potassium content of the BSU grower compost.
Table 2. Soil Chemical Properties before planting and after harvesting
pH
ORGANIC NITROG- PHOSPHO-
POTA-
MATTER
EN
RUS
SSIUM
(%)
(ppm)
(ppm)
(ppm)
Before planting
7.01
8.00
0.40
90.00
480.00
After planting
Garden compost
6.88
4.00
0.20
490.00
1500.00
Vermicompost
6.83
4.00
0.20
490.00
1460.00
BSU grower compost
6.94
4.50
0.23
620.00
2060.00
Mushroom compost
6.82
4.50
0.23
490.00
1320.00
The data were analyzed at the Soils Laboratory Department of Agriculture Pacdal, Baguio
City
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
Emergence and Final Height at 120 DAP
Effect of variety. Results showed no significant differences on the plant emergence
and final height at 120 DAP of the two varieties tested. Numerically, Green Top Bunching
had the highest percentage emergence of 94.17 and final height of 80.25 (Table 3 and
Figure 6).
Effect of organic fertilizer. There were no significant differences observed on the
percentage emergence and final height at 120 DAP of the sugar beet applied with the
different organic fertilizers as shown in Table 3.
Table 3. Emergence and final height at 120 DAP of sugar beets applied with organic
under greenhouse condition
TREATMENTS
EMERGENCE
FINAL HEIGHT (cm)
(%)
120 DAP
Variety (V)
Detriot Dark Red
93.75
79.52
Green Top Bunching
94.17
80.25
Organic Fertilizer (OF)
Garden compost (control)
93.83
79.26
Vermicompost
94.83
79.94
BSU grower compost
95.00
79.88
Mushroom Compost
92.17
80.44
V x OF
ns
ns
CV%
2.41
5.22
Means with common letter are not significantly different at 5% level of significance
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
Figure 6. Overview of the sugar beet at maturity
Interaction effect. No significant interaction effect was noted between the sugar
beet varieties and organic fertilizers on the emergence and final height at 120 DAP.
Pest and Disease Incidence.
There were no pest and diseases observed during the conduct of the study. The
absence could be due to the controlled environment.
Root Length and Diameter
Effect of variety. No significant differences were noted on the root length of the
two varieties evaluated. However, Green Top Bunching was significantly had the higher
root diameter of 7.97cm compared to Detriot Dark Red with a diameter of 7.93cm as
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
presented in Table 4. The significant differences on root diameter of the two varieties could
be due to their genetic characteristics.
Effect of organic fertilizer. There were no significant differences observed on the
root length and diameter of sugar beets applied with different organic fertilizers (Table 4).
The root length ranged from 15.33cm to 15.87cm and root width ranged from 7.28 cm to
7.85cm. According to Bennett
et al (1983), root of sugar beet crop grows at a height of
more than 61 to 122cm.
Table 4. Root length and diameter of sugar beets applied with organic fertilizers under
greenhouse condition
TREATMENTS
ROOT
LENGTH DIAMETER
(cm) (cm)
Variety (V)
DetriotDark Red
15.61
7.23b
Green Top Bunching
15.71
7.97a
Organic Fertilizer (OF)
Garden compost (control)
15.63
7.58
Vermicompost
15.87
7.85
BSU grower compost
15.80
7.28
Mushroom Compost
15.33
7.69
V x OF
ns
ns
CV%
9.44
8.02
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level of significance
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
Interaction effect. No significant interaction effect between the sugar beet varieties
and the different organic fertilizers on the root length and diameter of sugar beets.
Number of Marketable Yield
Effect of variety. Results showed that there were no significant differences on the
number of marketable yield of the two varieties evaluated. Green Top Bunching was noted
to produced the greater number of marketable yield (Table 5).
Effect on organic fertilizer. There were no significant differences on the number of
marketable yield of sugar beet applied with different organic fertilizers (Table 5). The most
number of roots harvested were obtained from sugar beets applied with Garden compost.
Interaction effect. No significant interaction effect noted between the sugar beet
varieties and organic fertilizers on the number of marketable yield.
Weight of Marketable and Computed Yield
Effect of variety. As shown in Table 5 and Figure 7, there were no significant
differences observed on the weight of marketable and computed yield of the two sugar beet
varieties. Numerically, Green Top Bunching had the higher marketable yield of 10.91 kg /
3.75 m2 and computed yield of 31.10 t/ha.
Effect of organic fertilizer. No significant differences were noted on the weight of
marketable yield and computed yield of sugar beet applied with different organic fertilizers.
Sugar beet applied with BSU grower compost was noted to produced the heaviest yield
(12.02 kg/3.75m2) and computed yield (32.05 t/ha).
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
Interaction effect. No significant interaction effect was noted between the varieties
and organic fertilizers on the weight of marketable yield and computed yield of sugar beet
(Table 5).
Table 5. Number and weight of marketable yield and computed yield sugar beets applied
with organic fertilizers under greenhouse condition
TREATMENTS
MARKETABLE YIELD
COMPUTED
NUMBER WEIGHT
YIELD
(kg / 3.75 m2)
(t/ha)
Variety (V)
Detriot Dark Red
48
10.86
28.97
Green Top Bunching
50
10.91
31.10
Organic Fertilizer (OF)
Garden compost (control)
50
9.40
29.08
Vermicompost
49
49
10.63
28.35
BSU grower compost
49
12.02
32.05
Mushroom Compost
49
11.49
30.65
V x OF
ns
ns
ns
CV%
3.08
23.62
15.78
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level of significance
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
Garden Compost Vermicompost BSU grower compost
Mushroom compost
Roots harvested from Detriot Dark Red applied with different fertilizers
Garden Compost Vermicompost BSU grower compost
Mushroom Compost
Roots harvested from Green Top Bunching applied with different fertilizers
Figure 7. Sample roots harvested from sugar beet varieties applied with different organic
fertilizer
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
Dry Matter Content (%)
Effect of variety. No significant differences were noted on the dry matter content
of the two sugar beet varieties. Green Top Bunching had the higher dry matter content with
a mean of 8.06 % as shown in Table 6.
Effect of organic fertilizer. There were no significant differences observed on the
dry matter content of sugar beet varieties applied with different organic fertilizers.
Numerically, sugar beet applied with Mushroom compost had the highest dry matter
content of 8.90 % followed by 7.78% sugar beets applied with BSU growers compost
(7.78%).
Interaction effect. No significant interaction between the sugar beet varieties and
organic fertilizers on the dry matter content of sugar beet roots.
Sugar Content (obrix)
Effect of variety. Results showed that there were no significant differences on the
sugar content of the two varieties. Green Top Bunching had the higher sugar content on
the base (9.88obrix) and middle portion (7.63obrix) of the sugar beet root while Detriot
Dark Red had the higher sugar content at the tip portion of sugar beet root (7.50obrix).
Effect of organic fertilizer. There were no significant differences on the sugar
content of sugar beets applied with different organic fertilizers. The sugar content of the
base portion ranged from 6.77 to 10.00 obrix, while the middle portion ranged from 5.83 to
7.95 obrix, and tip portion ranged from 6.00 to 10.18obrix.
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
Table 6. Dry matter content of sugar beets applied with organic fertilizers under
greenhouse condition
TREATMENTS
DRY MATTER CONTENT
(%)
Variety (V)
Detriot Dark Red
7.50
Green Top Bunching
8.06
Organic Fertilizer (OF)
Garden compost (control)
7.22
Vermicompost
7.22
BSU grower compost
7.78
Mushroom Compost
8.90
V x OF
ns
CV%
14.77
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level of significance
Sugar content of sugar beet ranged from 12 to 20 % (FAO, 2009), reduction of
sugar on sugar beet could be due to high availability of nutrient during the growing period.
According to Blumenthal (2002), abundant nitrogen favored root growth but results to
less sugar stored in the roots of sugar beets.
Interaction effect. No significant interaction effect between the sugar beet varieties
and organic fertilizers on the sugar content of sugar beet root.
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
Table 7. Sugar content of sugar beet root from the base, middle, and tip portion of sugar
beets applied with organic fertilizers under greenhouse condition
TREATMENTS
SUGAR CONTENT (obrix)
BASE MIDDLE TIP
Variety (V)
Detriot Dark Red
9.88
7.62
7.18
Green Top Bunching
7.06
6.41
7.50
Organic Fertilizer (OF)
Garden compost (control)
9.65
6.42
6.68
Vermicompost
10.00
7.85
10.18
BSU grower compost
6.77
5.83
6.50
Mushroom Compost
7.45
7.95
6.00
V x OF
ns
ns
ns
CV%
26.58
26.96
27.43
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level of significance
Cost and Return Analysis
The return on investment of sugar beet applied with different organic fertilizers as
shown in Table 8. Green top bunching variety applied with mushroom compost was noted
to have the highest return on investment (ROI). High ROI could be attributed to high
marketable yield produced. All treatments appeared to have high return on investment.
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
Table 8. Return on Investment of sugar beets applied with organic fertilizer under
greenhouse condition
TREATMENT
YIELD
GROSS
TOTAL
NET
ROI
2
(kg /11.25 m )
SALE
COST OF PROFIT (%)
(PhP)
PRODUC
TION
(PhP)
Detrior Dark Red
Garden compost( control)
32.93
2305.10
1700.00
605.10 35.59
Vermicompost
31.76
2223.20
1812.50
410.70 22.66
BSU grower Compost
35.03
2452.10
1700.00
752.10 44.24
Mushroom Compost
30.60
2142.00
1677.80
464.20 27.68
Green Top Bunching
Garden compost (control)
32.49
2274.30
1700.00
574.30 33.78
Vermicompost
32.04
2242.80
1812.50
430.30 23.74
BSU grower Compost
37.09
2596.30
1700.00
896.30 52.72
Mushroom Compost
38.33
2683.10
1677.80 2255.30 59.92
*total expenses include seeds, fertilizers, labor and depreciation cost of the greenhouse
*sugar beet roots were sold at PhP 70/kg
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The study was conducted at Atok, Benguet from September 2012 to January 2013
to determine the growth and yield of sugar beet applied with different organic fertilizers
grown under greenhouse condition; identify the best organic fertilizers for sugar beet
production; determine the best interaction effect of the different sugar beet varieties and
organic fertilizers for sugar beet production; and determine the profitability of sugar beet
production applied with different organic fertilizers.
Significant differences were observed on root diameter of the two varieties. Green
Top Bunching had higher root diameter compared to Detriot Dark Red.
No significant differences observed on the effect of organic fertilizers on the growth
and yield of sugar beet.
There were no significant interaction effect observed on sugar beet varieties and
organic fertilizers in all the parameters gathered.
All the plants applied with organic fertilizers have positive ROI. The highest ROI
was obtained from Green Top Bunching applied with mushroom compost.
Conclusions
Based from the results of the study, Green Top Bunching variety had the higher
root diameter and higher yield. All the organic fertilizers were best for sugar beet
production.
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
There were no significant interaction effects of sugar beet varieties and the organic
fertilizers. However, higher profit was obtained on Green Top Bunching applied with
mushroom compost.
Application of any of the organic fertilizers on sugar beet is profitable.
Recommendations
Green Top Bunching variety is recommended for sugar beet production and organic
production system in Cattubo, Atok, Benguet. Applications of any of the organic fertilizers
are recommended for sugar beet production. For higher profit, application of Mushroom
compost on Green top bunching is recommended.
Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
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Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013
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Growth and Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties Applied with Organic
Fertilizers under Greenhouse Condition in Atok, Benguet
SACLEY, JODELYN S. APRIL 2013