BIBLIOGRAPHY PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T....
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T. APRIL 2013. Growth and Yield of the Fifteen
High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Tabuk City Condition. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Hector C. Gayomba, BS.
ABSTRACT
Fifteen high yielding rice varieties were planted and evaluated to identify the best
variety based on the growth, yield, and resistance to stemborer and rice blast and to
determine the profitability of growing high yielding varieties under Tabuk City condition.
The fifteen high yielding rice varieties used were NSIC Rc122, NSIC Rc138, NSIC
Rc146, NSIC Rc160, NSIC Rc212, NSIC Rc214, NSIC Rc216, NSIC Rc222, NSIC Rc224,
NSIC Rc226, NSIC Rc238, NSIC Rc240, PSB Rc80, PSB Rc82, and PSB Rc18 (check
variety).
Based on the results of the study, the best varieties under Tabuk City condition were
NSIC Rc160, NSIC Rc238 and NSIC Rc240, based on weight of 1000 filled grains, grain
yield per plot, grain yield per hectare and return on cash expenses in which surpassed the
yield per plot and per hectare and ROCE of the check variety PSB Rc18. The varieties were
resistant to stem borer and with intermediate resistance to neck rot.
All entries are recommended for commercialization in Tabuk City based on
positive ROCE while NSIC Rc160, NSIC Rc238, and NSIC Rc240 can be considered for
higher profit.
Growth and Yield of the Fifteen High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Tabuk City Condition
PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T. APRIL 2013
INTRODUCTION
Rice is a semi- aquatic plant scientifically known as
Oryzasativa L. It grows readily
in areas of considerable warm temperature. Rice is the staple food crop of 90% of the
Philippine population. It accounts for 41% of total calorie intake and 31% of total protein
intake (PhilRice, 2003).
With an average annual per capita consumption of 118 kg by a population of 88
million as of year 2007, the annual production from 4 million hectares of rice lands
regularly requires imports of up to 2 million tons annually. In addition, the growth in
production of 1.9% is failing to keep up with increasing demand from a population growth
of 2.3% per annum (Yabes, 2008). The continual increase of the country's population
means that rice production must also be increased to satisfy the country's demand.
In Tabuk City, no crop is more important than rice for the basic sustenance of the
local people. Many farmers are struggling to produce enough rice for more profit and to
feed their families throughout the year. However, with the current problem on increasing
population, theland intended for cropping is used for residential and commercial purposes.
To help meet the gap, most farmers in the locality are looking for rice varieties that are
early maturing and high yielding to increase their production per unit area and to gain more
profit at the same time.
However, before introducing any high yielding varieties in a certain location, it
must be first evaluated in order to find out its adaptability and performance to local
conditions.
Growth and Yield of the Fifteen High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Tabuk City Condition
PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T. APRIL 2013
The study aimed to:
1. evaluate the growth and yield of the fifteen high yielding rice varieties
underTabuk City condition;
2. identify the best variety in terms of yield and resistance to pest and diseases under
Tabuk City condition; and
3. determine the profitability of growing high yielding rice varieties under Tabuk
City condition.
The study was conducted in a farmer’s field at Tabuk City from July to November
2012.
Growth and Yield of the Fifteen High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Tabuk City Condition
PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T. APRIL 2013
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Varietal Evaluation
PCARRD (1981) stated that planting the right varieties that are suited to specific
locations would result to increase yield by 20%.
In addition, new varieties under good condition have greater yield potentials than
old ones (Vergara, 1992). The continuous development of high yielding varieties that is
resistant to pest and diseases and possesses excellent grain qualities is essential to keep up
with the increasing demand for rice and the changing environment (IRRI, 2009).
Results of Previous Researches on Rice
HYV Production
Belino (2005) stated that under Poblacion, Kibungan, Benguet, SN-73 has the
highest number of filled grains per panicle, hence, has the highest grain yield per plot and
per hectare; and PSB Rc18 was the shortest in height. In addition, Cawatig (2007), stated
that planting PSB Rc18 and NSIC Rc112 in Rizal, Kalinga, PSB Rc18 and NSIC Rc112
were the best performing variety since both had the highest length per panicle at harvest,
number of filled grains per panicle, grain yield per plot, computed yield per hectare and
return on cash expenses.
Under Manabo, Abra condition, Cayomba (2004), concluded that among the high
yielding varieties tested, PSB Rc60 and PSB Rc98 could be considered to adaptable in the
locality, while IR60, PSB Rc66 and PSB Rc100 are not suited or adaptable as shown by
their few number of grains per panicle and low production per hectare. However, all
varieties showed good performance in terms of stem borer damage and blast (neck rot). C4-
63 the best variety, gave the highest yield and it was still the best for low elevation.
Growth and Yield of the Fifteen High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Tabuk City Condition
PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T. APRIL 2013
In addition, NSIC Rc150 and NSIC Rc140 were the shortest plants, produced the
highest productive tillers per hill, and were the highest yielders. Both varieties were also
resistant to dead hearts, whiteheads, and neck rot. They also had the highest ROCE
(Modesto, 2010).
According to Batani (2004) under Barangay Bilis, Burgos, La Union, PSB Rc82
was the earliest to mature while PSB Rc96 has the highest grain yield per plot and per
hectare among eight variety studies. On white heads evaluation SL8 and PSB Rc96 were
rated resistant. However, Siteng (2005), fund that planting SL8 in Kadayakan, Maria
Aurora showed that SL8 acquired the highest grain yield for both per plot and /ha; and SL8
were also resistant to white heads.
Water and Fertilizer Management
PhilRice (2003) stated that efficient water supply is one of the most important
factors in successful and sustainable rice production. Since water is continuously becoming
a scarce resource it has to be properly managed. Water greatly affects the rice plant, the
soil nutrients, the physical status of the soil, the insect pests and diseases, and the weed
population.
The basal fertilizer application with a combined P and K level of 30-40 kg/ ha each
of P 20 and K 20 helps early seedling vigor and stand establishment, rapid coverage of the
field by ice foliage with consequent reduction of weed population (IRRI, 1986).
Growth and Yield of the Fifteen High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Tabuk City Condition
PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T. APRIL 2013
Temperature Requirement
The important factor for rice production is favorable temperature. Rice can be
grown most successfully in regions that have warm temperature during the entire growing
season for 4-6 months (Martin and Leonard, 1970).
Warm temperature is needed to increase the growth activities inside the seeds
during the germination stage. Low temperature (10ºC) will decrease the germination of the
seed. Likewise, very high temperature at 40ºC or higher decreases the germination
percentage or can kill the sprouting seeds (Vergara, 1992).
Effect of Pests and Diseases
According to PhilRice (2003), rice is susceptible to a range of diseases and pests,
which annually reduce 50-100 % yield of rice crops due to their damage. The most common
diseases are caused by the fungi sheath blight and rice blast, and the stalk borer, leaf hopper,
army worms, whorl maggot is a common insect pest (UPLB, 1983).
Harvesting and Threshing
PhilRice (2003) stated that it is important to harvest a crop on time otherwise there
will be grain losses due to feeding of rats, birds, and other insects and from shattering and
lodging. Both early and late harvests are detrimental to grain yield and to milling recovery.
Based on maximum grain yield with highest milling recovery and seed viability, the
best time to harvest transplanted rice is between 30-42 days after heading during the wet
season and between 28-34 days after heading during the dry season.
As much as possible, the harvested rice should be threshed immediately. Threshing
can be done manually or mechanically (PhilRice, 2003). Moreover, harvesting and its
Growth and Yield of the Fifteen High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Tabuk City Condition
PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T. APRIL 2013
related handling operations are significant points in post production sequence where losses
can be incurred (PCARRD, 2001).
Growth and Yield of the Fifteen High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Tabuk City Condition
PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T. APRIL 2013
MATERIALS AND METHOD
Fifteen high yielding rice varieties were used in the study as treatments. All of the
varieties were taken at the Department of Agriculture, Tabuk City.
The varieties serves as treatments as follows:
Code
Variety
Yield (PhilRice, 2012)____
Average Yield
Maximum
(t/ha)
Yield
(t/ha)
T10
NSIC Rc122 (Angelica)
4.7
8.9
T7
NSIC Rc138 (Tubigan 5)
5.4
8.0
T12
NSIC Rc146 (PJ7)
4.6
6.9
T6
NSIC Rc160 (Tubigan 14)
5.6
8.2
T8
NSIC Rc212 (Tubigan 15)
6.0
10.0
T3
NSIC Rc214 (Tubigan 16)
6.0
10.2
T9
NSIC Rc216 (Tubigan 17)
6.0
9.7
T1
NSIC Rc222 (Tubigan 18)
6.1
10.0
T4
NSIC Rc224 (Tubigan 19)
5.8
9.1
T11
NSIC Rc226 (Tubigan 20)
6.2
9.8
T5
NSIC Rc238 (Tubigan21)
6.4
10.6
T2
NSIC Rc240 (Tubigan22)
6.4
10.6
T13
PSB Rc80 (Pasig)
5.0
8.7
T14
PSB Rc82 (Peñaranda)
5.4
12.0
T15(check) PSB Rc18 (Ala)
5.1
8.1
Growth and Yield of the Fifteen High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Tabuk City Condition
PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T. APRIL 2013
Seed pre-germination and Seedbed preparation
The seeds were soaked in clean or running water for 12-24 hours. It was incubated
at 30ºC for 24-36 hours (or until a white dot appears which isthe emerging roots). The seeds
were aerated during the incubation.
Fifteen seedbeds were prepared for the fifteen high yielding rice varieties. Each
variety was separately sown in a 1m x 1m seedbed to avoid mixture of the different varieties
and proper labels were placed for easy identification (Fig. 1).
Land Preparation and Experimental Design
An experimental area of 540 m2was prepared for the fifteen high yielding rice
varieties which was replicated three times and divided into 45 plots with a measurement of
2m x 6m each. It was puddled and leveled for easy transplanting.
Lay-outing and Transplanting
The experimental plot was laid-out following the Randomized Complete Block
Design (RCBD) with three replications.
The fifteen varieties were transplanted 21 days after sowing (DAS). The planting
densities were two seedlings per hill at distances of 20 cm × 20 cm (Fig.2). Irrigation was
done right after transplanting with 2-5 cm water depth.
All other recommended cultural management practices such as fertilizer
application, weeding, and insect and disease management were done equally to all
treatments.
Growth and Yield of the Fifteen High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Tabuk City Condition
PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T. APRIL 2013
Data gathered were:
A.Agroclimatic Data. The temperature, relative humidity, amount of rainfall and
sunshine duration during the study was taken from the Municipal Agriculturist office of
Tabuk City.
B.Agronomic Characteristics
1.Plant survival (%). This was taken one week after transplanting and computed
using this formula:
% plant survival= # of surviving plants
--------------------------------- X 100
total # of plants planted
2.Height of seedlings seven days after transplanting (cm).The height of seedlings
per variety were measured from the base to the tip of the longest leaf using ten sample hills
per plot, one week after transplanting.
3.Number of days from transplanting to tillering. This was taken when 50% of the
total plants in a plot started producing tillers.
4.Number of productive tillers per hill. The number of productive tillers was
counted using ten sample hills selected at random. Only rice plants that produce panicles
was counted and considered.
5.Number of days from transplanting to heading. This was taken when at least 50%
of the total plants produced panicles per treatments.
6.Number of days from transplanting to ripening. This was taken when 80% of the
grains in the panicle have turned yellow.
Growth and Yield of the Fifteen High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Tabuk City Condition
PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T. APRIL 2013
7.Length of panicle at harvest (cm). This was measured from the panicle tip
excluding the awn using ten sample plants per plot taken at random.
8.Final height at harvest (cm). This was measured from the soil surface to the tip of
the longest panicle using ten sample plants per plot.
C.Pest and Disease Incidence
1.Insect pest evaluation (Stem Borer). Field rating of rice stem borers was based on
the actual percentage of dead hearts and white heads. Dead hearts was counted 45 days
after transplanting (DAT) while white heads, ten days before harvesting (DBH). The
following standard rating scale was used (PhilRice, 1996) :
Scale
% Dead Hearts
%White Heads
Remarks
1
1-10
1-5
Resistant
3
11-20
6-10
ModeratelyResistant
5
21-30
11-15
Intermediate
7
31-60
16-25
Moderately Susceptible
9
60 & above
25 & above
Susceptible
Growth and Yield of the Fifteen High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Tabuk City Condition
PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T. APRIL 2013
2.Blast disease evaluation (Neck Rot). Evaluation of the severity of the rice blast
(neck rot) was taken from the plants at the center rows; ten hills taken at random were used.
The following standard rating scale was used (PhilRice, 1996):
% Infection= # of panicles infection
-------------------------------- X 100
total # of panicle
Index
% Blast Infection
Rating
1
0-5 affected by blast
Resistant
2
6-25 affected by blast
Intermediate
3
25 & above affected by blast
Susceptible
D.Yield and Yield Components
1.Number of filled and unfilled grains per panicle.This was recorded by counting
the number of filled and unfilled grains at ripening using ten sample panicles per plot.
2.Weight of 1000 filled grains (g). One thousand seeds were selected at random
after drying at 14% moisture content then weighed.
3.Grain yield per plot (kg). The grains were dried to approximately 14% moisture
content after harvest. The filled grains were separated from the unfilled grains by
winnowing. Only the filled grains were used to obtain the grain weight or yield per plot.
Growth and Yield of the Fifteen High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Tabuk City Condition
PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T. APRIL 2013
4.Grain yield per hectare (tons/ha). This was taken by converting the yield per plot
into tons per hectare by using the formula below:
Yield per plot x 0.83 = __________
5.Return on Cash Expenses (ROCE). This will be obtained by using this formula:
ROCE=
Net Income
----------------------------- X 100
Total Expenses
Data Analysis
All quantitative data were analyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for
Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The significant
differences among treatment means were tested using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test
(DMRT).
Growth and Yield of the Fifteen High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Tabuk City Condition
PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T. APRIL 2013
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Agroclimatic Data
Shown in Table 1 was the monthly agroclimatic information during the conduct of
the study. The highest maximum temperature was recorded during the month of July and
September and the lowest minimum temperature was during the month of November .The
relative humidity ranged from 76% to 82%. The recorded temperature and relative
humidity is within the favorable range of growing rice. The highest recorded amount of
rainfall is 235.50 mm during the month of July and the lowest was during the month of
November. Generally, the sunshine duration were recorded during the conduct of the study
is not enough due to cloud shading.
Table 1. Monthly agroclimatic data during the conduct of the study
MONTH
TEMPERATURE (oC)
RELATIVE AMOUNT OF SUNSHINE
Minimum / Maximum HUMIDITY
RAINFALL
DURATION
(%)
(mm)
(min)
July
24.00
33.00
78
235.50
146.30
August
23.60
32.70
77
226.10
170.80
September
24.70
33.00
76
117.60
354.10
October
22.40
30.40
81
138.30
337.40
November
21.90
30.20
82
96.80
184.60
Growth and Yield of the Fifteen High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Tabuk City Condition
PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T. APRIL 2013
Plant Survival
There were no significant differences on the plant survival of the different high
yielding varieties as shown in Table 2. NSIC Rc212, PSB Rc18, PSB Rc80 and PSB Rc82
obtained the highest plant survival with a mean of 99%. The lowest plant survival of 95%
was noted on NSIC Rc146and NSIC Rc222 due to the damage caused by rodents feeding
on the plants.
Height of Seedlingsat 7 DAT
Table 2 shows the significant differences on the height of seedlings of the fifteen
high yielding varieties at 7 DAT. PSB Rc80 obtained the tallest seedling height, but it was
comparable to NSIC Rc122, NSIC Rc160, NSIC Rc212, NSIC Rc214, NSIC Rc216, NSIC
Rc222, and PSB Rc18. The shortest among the varieties evaluated were NSIC Rc138,
NSIC Rc146, NSIC Rc238, and PSB Rc82 with a mean of 21.73cm, 21.83cm, 21.69cm
and 21.83cm, respectively.
Final Height at Harvest
Significant differences were observed among varieties on the final height at harvest
(Table 2). The tallest variety at 7 DAT was not the tallest at harvest. NSIC Rc240 was the
tallest among the varieties with a mean of 110.70 cm followed by NSIC Rc238 and NSIC
Rc222. Still, the shortest among the varieties were NSIC Rc138 and NSIC Rc146 with a
mean of 92.54 cm and 92.11 cm, respectively. This difference could be attributed to their
varietal variability.
Growth and Yield of the Fifteen High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Tabuk City Condition
PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T. APRIL 2013
Table 2. Plant survival, height of seedlings 7 DAT and final height at harvest of the
fifteen high yielding rice varieties
VARIETY
PLANT
HEIGHT OF
FINAL HEIGHT
SURVIVAL
SEEDLINGS
AT HARVEST
(%)
(cm)
(cm)
NSIC Rc122
98
22.37abcd
100.90cd
NSIC Rc138
98
21.73d
92.54i
NSIC Rc146
95
21.83d
92.11i
NSIC Rc160
98
22.35abcd
97.81ef
NSIC Rc212
99
22.51abcd
96.85fg
NSIC Rc214
96
23.17abc
99.41de
NSIC Rc216
98
23.27ab
97.28f
NSIC Rc222
95
23.17abc
102.29c
NSIC Rc224
96
22.26bcd
98.00ef
NSIC Rc226
98
22.18cd
95.32gh
NSIC Rc238
98
21.69d
105.66b
NSIC Rc240
96
22.17cd
110.70a
PSB Rc80
99
23.35a
94.81h
PSB Rc82
99
21.83d
98.17ef
PSB Rc18 (check)
99
22.55abcd
94.94gh
C.V (%)
ns
2.41
1.13
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 0.05 level by DMRT.
Number of Days from Transplanting
toTillering
Shown in Table 3 is the number of days from transplanting to tillering. Significant
differences among the treatments were noted. NSIC Rc146, NSIC Rc160, and PSB Rc82
were the earliest to produce tillers with a mean of 7 days followed by NSIC Rc138, NSIC
Rc216, NSIC Rc224, NSIC Rc226 and NSIC Rc238. NSIC Rc212, and
check variety PSB Rc18 were noted to be the latest to tiller. Vergara (1992), stated that
Growth and Yield of the Fifteen High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Tabuk City Condition
PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T. APRIL 2013
plants produce more tillers during wet season than in dry season. In addition, tillering of
improved varieties would vary according to the ecological conditions in which these are
grown (UPLB, 1982).
Number of Days from Transplanting
to Heading
The number of days from transplanting to heading is shown in Table 3.
Numerically, NSIC Rc238 was the earliest to produced head with a mean of 57 days
followed by NSIC Rc160 (59 days). The latest to produced heads was the check variety
PSB Rc18 with a mean of 70 days. Moreover, early maturing varieties have lesser exposure
to environmental stresses which gradually affect the yield of the plant.
Number of Days from Transplanting
to Ripening
Number of days from transplanting to ripening is presented in Table 3. It was
observed that NSIC Rc238 was the earliest to ripen at 84 days after transplanting followed
by NSIC Rc160 with a mean of 85 days. The latest to ripen was PSB Rc18 with a mean of
100 days after transplanting (Fig.3). According to Siteng (2005), different varieties differ
in their performances and adaptability to a certain location.
Growth and Yield of the Fifteen High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Tabuk City Condition
PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T. APRIL 2013
Table 3. Number of days from transplanting to tillering, heading, and ripening of the
fifteen high yielding rice varieties
VARIETY
NUMBER OF DAYS FROM TRANSPLANTING TO:
TILLERING
HEADING
RIPENING
NSIC Rc122
9
68
96
NSIC Rc138
8
60
88
NSIC Rc146
7
64
92
NSIC Rc160
7
59
85
NSIC Rc212
10
63
93
NSIC Rc214
9
67
95
NSIC Rc216
8
66
93
NSIC Rc222
9
67
94
NSIC Rc224
8
63
90
NSIC Rc226
8
63
89
NSIC Rc238
8
57
84
NSIC Rc240
9
64
92
PSB Rc80
9
60
90
PSB Rc82
7
66
92
PSB Rc18(check)
10
70
100
C.V (%)
ns
ns
ns
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 0.05 level by DMRT.
Length of Panicle at Harvest
The length of panicle at harvest is shown in Table 4. It was noted that NSIC Rc214
significantly had the longest length of panicle with a mean of 25.53 cm but comparable to
the panicle length of NSIC Rc212 (25.29 cm), NSIC Rc240 (24.83 cm), NSIC Rc238
(24.25 cm) NSIC Rc224 (23.73 cm) and NSIC Rc146 (23.58 cm). It could mean that the
longer the panicles could translate to more grains per panicle.
Growth and Yield of the Fifteen High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Tabuk City Condition
PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T. APRIL 2013
Number of Productive Tillers Per Hill
Table 4 shows the number of productive tillers per hill. It was observed that NSIC
Rc240 and check variety PSB Rc18 had significantly produced the greatest number of
productive tillers with a mean of 14 but comparable to the 13 productive tillers of
NSICRc214 and NSIC Rc216. NSIC Rc138, NSIC Rc146, NSIC Rc212, NSIC Rc224,
NSIC Rc226, and PSB Rc80 produced the lowest number of productive tillers per hill.
Table 4. Length of panicle number of productive tillers per hill of the fifteen high
yielding rice varieties
VARIETY
LENGTH OF
NUMBER OF PRODUCTIVE
PANICLE
TILLERS PER HILL
(cm)
NSIC Rc122
22.15def
11cd
NSIC Rc138
22.98cde
10d
NSIC Rc146
23.58abcd
10d
NSIC Rc160
21.90def
11cd
NSIC Rc212
25.29ab
10d
NSIC Rc214
25.53a
13ab
NSIC Rc216
22.84cde
13ab
NSIC Rc222
23.29bcde
12bc
NSIC Rc224
23.73abcd
10d
NSIC Rc226
23.40bcde
10d
NSIC Rc238
24.25abc
12bc
NSIC Rc240
24.83abc
14a
PSB Rc80
21.45ef
10d
PSB Rc82
22.01def
11cd
PSB Rc18 (check)
21.82def
14a
C.V (%)
4.28
7.41
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 0.05 level by DMRT.
More productive tillers mean higher yield potential.
Growth and Yield of the Fifteen High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Tabuk City Condition
PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T. APRIL 2013
Number of Filled and Unfilled
GrainsPer Panicle
Shown in Table 5 is the number of filled and unfilled grains per panicle. It was
recorded that NSIC Rc214 is significantly had the highest number of filled grains with a
mean of 156 but comparable to check variety PSB Rc18 with a mean of 153. NSIC Rc122
produced the lowest number of filled grains with a mean of 104. There were no significant
differences observed on the number of unfilled grains per panicle. NSIC Rc122 and NSIC
Rc224 had the highest number of unfilled grains with a mean of 30 while NSIC Rc212
produced the lowest number of unfilled grains with a mean of 19.
Table 5. Number of filled and unfilled grains per panicle of the fifteen high yielding
rice varieties
VARIETY
NUMBER OF:
FILLED GRAINS
UNFILLED GRAINS
NSIC Rc122
104f
30
NSIC Rc138
137c
24
NSIC Rc146
127cd
22
NSIC Rc160
119def
26
NSIC Rc212
137c
19
NSIC Rc214
156a
23
NSIC Rc216
129cd
26
NSIC Rc222
124cde
27
NSIC Rc224
127cd
30
NSIC Rc226
109ef
26
NSIC Rc238
126cd
28
NSIC Rc240
130cd
26
PSB Rc80
137bc
22
PSB Rc82
124cde
24
PSB Rc18 (check)
153ab
23
C.V (%)
7.02
22.14
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 0.05 level by DMRT.
Growth and Yield of the Fifteen High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Tabuk City Condition
PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T. APRIL 2013
Weight of 1,000 Filled Grains
There were significant differences on the weight of 1,000 filled grains as shown in
Table 6. Among the varieties, it was noted that NSIC Rc240 obtained the heaviest weight
with a mean of 30.40g but comparable to the 1000 filled grains weight of PSB Rc18
(29.56g), NSIC Rc238 (29.26g), NSIC Rc226 (28.93g). The weight of 1,000 filled grains
of NSIC Rc138 (25.46g), NSIC Rc212 (25.93g), and PSB Rc80 (25.23g) are not significant
with each other, which obtained the lightest weight. Significant differences could be due
to grain characteristics such as the size of grains.
Grain Yield Per Plot
andPer Hectare
Grain yield per 12m2and per hectare is shown in Table 6. Statistical analysis
showed that NSIC Rc240 significantly produced the highest yield per 12m2 and per hectare,
but comparable to most of the varieties. NSIC Rc122 and PSB Rc80 obtained the lowest
yield per 12m2 and per hectare. In addition, NSIC Rc160, NSIC Rc238 and NSIC Rc240
surpassed the yield of check variety PSB Rc18.
Moreover, the yield of NSIC Rc146, NSIC Rc160 and check variety PSB Rc18
were higher than the national average yield stated by Philrice. Yield is normally a function
of genetic make-up and environmental conditions (Modesto, 2010).
Growth and Yield of the Fifteen High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Tabuk City Condition
PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T. APRIL 2013
Table 6. Weight of 1000 filled grains; yield per plot and per hectare of the fifteen high
yielding rice varieties
VARIETY
WEIGHT OF 1000
YIELD PER
YIELD PER
FILLED GRAINS
PLOT
HECTARE
(g)
(kg/12m2)
(tons/ha)
NSIC Rc122
26.56de
5.00d
4.14d
NSIC Rc138
25.46e
6.33abc
5.25abc
NSIC Rc146
26.06de
6.73abc
5.58abc
NSIC Rc160
27.60cd
7.16ab
5.94ab
NSIC Rc212
25.93e
5.83cd
4.83cd
NSIC Rc214
26.60de
6.43abc
5.33abc
NSIC Rc216
26.13de
6.10bc
5.06bc
NSIC Rc222
28.13bc
6.20abc
5.14abc
NSIC Rc224
26.33de
6.94ab
5.76ab
NSIC Rc226
28.93abc
5.73cd
4.75cd
NSIC Rc238
29.26ab
7.13ab
5.91ab
NSIC Rc240
30.40a
7.26a
6.03a
PSB Rc80
25.23e
4.96d
4.11d
PSB Rc82
26.26de
6.36abc
5.28abc
PSB Rc18 (check) 29.56ab
6.96ab
5.78ab
C.V (%)
3.19
8.92
8.95
Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 0.05 level by DMRT.
Return on Cash Expense (ROCE %)
Table 7 shows that all of the varieties had positive return on cash expenses. NSIC
Rc240 obtained the highest return on cash expenses of 132.69%, but comparable to NSIC
Rc160, NSIC Rc238, NSIC RC138, NSIC Rc146, NSIC Rc214, NSIC Rc222, PSB Rc82
and PSB Rc18, respectively. High ROCE could be attributed to higher yield.
Table 7. Return on cash expenses of the fifteen high yielding rice varieties
Note: the selling price of rice grains is based on Php 30.00 per kilo.
Growth and Yield of the Fifteen High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Tabuk City Condition
PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T. APRIL 2013
VARIETY
GRAIN
GROSS
TOTAL
NET
ROCE
YIELD
INCOME EXPENSES INCOME
(%)
(kg/12m2)
(Php)
(Php)
(Php)
NSIC Rc122
5.00
150.00
93.60
56.40 60.25
NSIC Rc138
6.33
189.90
93.60
96.30
102.88
NSIC Rc146
6.73
201.90
93.60
108.30
115.70
NSIC Rc160
7.16
214.80
93.60
121.20
129.48
NSIC Rc212
5.83
174.90
93.60
81.30
86.85
NSIC Rc214
6.43
192.90
93.60
99.30
106.08
NSIC Rc216
6.10
183.00
93.60
89.40
95.51
NSIC Rc222
6.20
186.00
93.60
92.40
98.71
NSIC Rc224
6.94
208.20
93.60
114.60
122.43
NSIC Rc226
5.73
171.90
93.60
78.30
83.65
NSIC Rc238
7.13
213.90
93.60
120.30
128.52
NSIC Rc240
7.26
217.80
93.60
124.20
132.69
PSB Rc80
4.96
148.80
93.60
55.20
58.97
PSB Rc82
6.36
190.80
93.60
97.20
103.84
PSB Rc18 (check)
6.96
208.80
93.60
115.20
123.07
Insect Pest (Stem Borer) and Disease
(Neck Rot) Evaluation
Shown in Table 8 is the evaluation of Stem borer. Evaluation of stem borer
expressed as dead hearts and whiteheads.Observations were done at 45 DAT and 10 days
before harvesting. All varieties were resistant to dead hearts and whiteheads.
Rice blast evaluation was taken before harvest. NSIC Rc138, NSIC Rc146, NSIC
Rc216, NSIC Rc226 and NSIC Rc238 were susceptible, and the rest of the varieties
wereintermediately resistant to neck rot. Varieties differ in reactions to different diseases
(Vergara, 1992).
Table 8. Evaluation of stem borer (as whiteheads and dead hearts), and neck rot
Growth and Yield of the Fifteen High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Tabuk City Condition
PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T. APRIL 2013
VARIETY
WHITE HEADS
DEAD HEARTS
NECK ROT
NSIC Rc122
Resistant
Resistant
Intermediate
NSIC Rc138
Resistant
Resistant
Susceptible
NSIC Rc146
Resistant
Resistant
Susceptible
NSIC Rc160
Resistant
Resistant
Intermediate
NSIC Rc212
Resistant
Resistant
Intermediate
NSIC Rc214
Resistant
Resistant
Intermediate
NSIC Rc216
Resistant
Resistant
Susceptible
NSIC Rc222
Resistant
Resistant
Intermediate
NSIC Rc224
Resistant
Resistant
Intermediate
NSIC Rc226
Resistant
Resistant
Susceptible
NSIC Rc238
Resistant
Resistant
Susceptible
NSIC Rc240
Resistant
Resistant
Intermediate
PSB Rc80
Resistant
Resistant
Intermediate
PSB Rc82
Resistant
Resistant
Intermediate
PSB Rc18 (check)
Resistant
Resistant
Intermediate
Growth and Yield of the Fifteen High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Tabuk City Condition
PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T. APRIL 2013
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
Fifteen varieties of rice were planted and evaluated in Tabuk City condition from
July to November 2012. The varieties evaluated were: NSIC Rc122, NSIC Rc138, NSIC
Rc146, NSIC Rc160, NSIC Rc212, NSIC Rc214, NSIC Rc216, NSIC Rc222, NSIC Rc224,
NSIC Rc226, NSIC Rc238, NSIC Rc240, PSB Rc80, PSB Rc82, and PSB Rc18 (check
variety).
The study was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield of the fifteen high
yielding rice varieties; identify the best variety in terms of yield and resistance to pest and
diseases; and determine the profitability of growing high yielding rice varieties under
Tabuk City condition.
Highly significant differences were observed on the height of seedlings, number of
days from transplanting to tillering, to heading, to ripening, number of productive tillers,
length of panicle, final height, and number of filled grains, weight of 1000 filled grains,
yield per 12m2, and yield per hectare.
NSIC Rc238 was the earliest to mature at 84 days after transplanting while the latest
to mature was PSB Rc18 (check variety) with a mean of 100 days.
NSIC Rc240 was the tallest followed by NSIC Rc238 and NSIC Rc222, while NSIC
Rc138 and NSIC Rc146 were the shortest. NSIC Rc214 obtained the longest panicle at
harvest, followed by NSIC Rc212, NSIC Rc240, and NSIC Rc238, respectively. NSIC
Rc160 and PSB Rc18 (check variety) had the shortest panicle.
NSIC Rc240 and PSB Rc18 (check variety) produced the highest number of
productive tillers while NSIC Rc138, NSIC Rc212, NSIC Rc222, NSIC Rc146, and PSB
Growth and Yield of the Fifteen High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Tabuk City Condition
PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T. APRIL 2013
Rc80 produced the lowest number of productive tillers per hill. NSIC Rc214 produced the
highest number of filled grains followed by PSB Rc18 (check variety), while NSIC Rc212
produced the lowest number of unfilled grains per panicle.
All varieties were found resistant to stem borer. On blast (neck rot) evaluation,
NSIC Rc138, NSIC Rc146, NSIC Rc216, NSIC Rc226, and NSIC Rc238 were susceptible,
the rest of the varieties were intermediately resistant to neck rot.
NSIC Rc240 obtained the heaviest weight of 1000 filled grains, grain yield per plot
and per hectare, and also highest return on cash expenses followed by NSIC Rc160 and
NSIC Rc238.
Conclusion
Based on the results of the study, the best varieties under Tabuk City condition were
NSIC Rc160, NSIC Rc238 and NSIC Rc240, based on weight of 1000 filled grains, grain
yield per plot, grain yield per hectare and return on cash expenses in which surpassed the
yield per plot and per hectare and ROCE of the check variety PSB Rc18. The varieties are
resistant to stem borer and with intermediate resistant to neck rot.
Recommendation
All entries are recommended for commercialization in Tabuk City based on positive
ROCE while NSIC Rc160, NSIC Rc238, and NSIC Rc240 can be considered for higher
profit.
Growth and Yield of the Fifteen High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Tabuk City Condition
PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T. APRIL 2013
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Growth and Yield of the Fifteen High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Tabuk City Condition
PAGUI-EN, ROSYLLE ANN T. APRIL 2013