BIBLIOGRAPHY MARCELINO, MELDRIN B. APRIL,...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
MARCELINO, MELDRIN B. APRIL, 2010. Assessment of Socio-economic
Impact of Benteo Timpuyog Credit Cooperative (BENTICCO) in Atok, Benguet,
Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Evangeline B. Cungihan, MSc.
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to determine the services rendered by the cooperative to
people of the community in Buguias, Benguet; determine the impact of the different
services to the members as to positive impact and negative impact; find out the level of
satisfaction of members on the services of the cooperative; the contribution of the
cooperative to the community development; and the perceptions of the members and
community regarding their cooperative.
A survey questionnaire was used in the collection of the data and was personally
administered by the researcher. Ninety five members were taken as respondents of the
study.
The finding show that the cooperative had a positive impact on the economic and
social status of the members. The major economic contribution of the cooperative to the
members were in terms of providing the basic goods when needed, providing farm inputs
on time and on credit basis; and enabling them to expand their business. The major social
contributions were as follows: provide donations in times of emergency, their number of
friends increased, and developed sense of cooperation within the community. As to the
negative impact, it was a negligible level because very few was affected and it may have
been due to neglect of responsibility on the part of the members. The members perceived
that the cooperative contributed much to community development. The members
perceived also that the cooperative provide very good quality goods and services at
affordable prices. Furthermore, the cooperative gives fair treatment to all the people in
the community.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Abstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
INTRODUCTION
Rationale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Statement of the Problem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
Objectives of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
Importance of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
Scope and Delimitation of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Cooperative Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
Cooperative Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
Importance of Credit System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
Nature and Characteristics of Credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
Social Impact Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Cooperative Movement as a Solution to
World Problem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
Significance of Cooperatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
Socio-economic Impact Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
Socio-economic Contribution of Cooperatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Respondents of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Data Collection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Data Collected. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Data Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Respondents’ Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Purpose in Joining the Cooperative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Number of Years in the Cooperative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Social Activities of the Cooperative
Participated by the Respondents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
Social Impact of the Cooperative
to the Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
Extent of Patronizing the Credit Service
and Availment of Patronage Refund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
Uses of Loan by the Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Reasons in Patronizing the Cooperative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Economic Impact of the Cooperative to
the Members and the Community.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
Problems Encountered in Implementing the
Socio-Economic Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
Recommendations of the Respondents for the
Improvement of the Cooperative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
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SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
LITERATURE CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
APPENDIX
A. Survey Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
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INTRODUCTION
Rationale
The Benteo Timpuyog Credit Cooperative (BENTICCO) originally known as
Benteo Timpuyog Farmers’ Association is initiated by a Municipal Agriculture Officer of
Atok. It is an Agric-based cooperative supported and financed by the Municipal
Agriculture Office (MAO) and Municipal Agriculture and Fisheries Council (MAFC).
Its main purpose is to provide loans to members for agricultural production purposes and
socio-economic projects. It is a lone credit cooperative located at Poblacion, Atok,
Benguet in complement with Atok National High School (ANHS)-Main Multi-purpose
cooperative. There were fifteen pioneer members who started the cooperative. At present
the total members increased covering less than twenty five (25%) of the total population
of the Barangay. The membership is limited because of strict member selection and
decision of the Board of Directors (BOD) not to open and expand its membership to the
nearby Barangays.
The Farmer’s Association was formed and organized in 1991 and the General
Assembly decided to register as a cooperative on November 10, 1997. Though it started
with minimal asset, it pursued its operation through availing funds from different funding
agencies and continued campaigning for membership. Being a lone credit cooperative in
the area, it had gained the trust of the people to join and invest in the cooperative. With
the additional share capital and other assets, the cooperative was able to satisfy the needs
of its members to the extent that its cash flow is liquid.
The cooperative had been growing substantially in terms of asset because of
continuous capital build-up, loan repayment consciousness among members and strict
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adherence to standing policies. With this, the cooperative was able to invest in other
organization.
Statement of the Problem
This study seeked to answer the following questions:
1. What are the programs, activities or projects of the cooperative that contributed
to the social status of members and to the community?
2. What are the contributions of the cooperative in the socio-economic progress of
the community?
3. What are the benefits derived by the members from the cooperative?
4. What are the problems encountered by the cooperative and its members in
implementing social projects?
Objectives of the Study
This research study aimed to:
1. Identify the programs, activities or projects implemented by the cooperative to
improve the social status of the members and the community,
2. Identify the contribution of the cooperative to the socio-economic progress of
the community,
3. Identify benefits derived by members from the services of the cooperative, and
4. Identify problems encountered by the cooperative in the implementation of
social projects.
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Importance of the Study
Results of the assessment of the socio-economic impact of Benteo Timpuyog
Credit Cooperative (BENTICCO) may provide relevant information to the members and
to the community to make them realize that organizing cooperatives has a great help to
the economic upliftment of the whole community. It could be a decision factor to the
members and officers of the cooperative to expand its membership and could also be a
decision factor to the community people to join and support it. The results could also be
starting point of further improvement and expansion of the service of the cooperative to
attract more members and supporters. Results could also be used as a reference for
researchers who would be conducting research of the same line of interest.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
The study focused on the assessment of the socio-economic impact of Benteo
Timpuyog Credit Cooperative (BENTICCO) to its members and the community. It’s
contribution to the socio-economic progress and improvement of social status of each
household in the community.
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Cooperative Defined
As stated in Article 3, General Concepts of the Philippine Cooperative Code
(2008), a cooperative is an autonomous and duly registered association of persons with a
common bond of interest, who have voluntarily joined together to achieve their social,
economic, and cultural needs and aspirations, making equitable contributions to the
capital required, patronizing their products and services, and accepting a fair share of the
risks and benefits of the undertaking in accordance with universally accepted cooperative
principles.
Cooperative Principles
As amended in Article 4, Cooperative Principles in the New Philippine
Cooperative Code RA 9520 (2008), that every cooperative shall conduct its affairs in
accordance with Filipino culture, good values and experience and the universally
accepted principles of cooperation which include, but are not limited to the following:
1. Voluntary and Open Membership – Cooperatives are voluntary organizations,
open to all persons able to use their services and willing to accept the responsibilities of
membership, without gender, social, racial, cultural, political, or religious discrimination.
2. Democratic Member Control – Cooperatives are democratic organizations that
are controlled by their members who actively participate in setting their policies and
making decisions. Men and women serving as elected representatives, directors or
officers are accountable to the membership. In primary cooperatives, members have
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equal voting rights of one-member, one-vote. Cooperatives at other levels are organized
in the same democratic manner.
3. Member Economic Participation – Members contribute to, and democratically
control the capital of their cooperative. At least part of that capital is the common
property of the cooperative. They shall receive limited compensation or limited interest,
if any, on capital subscribed and paid as a condition of membership. Members allocate
surpluses for any or all of the following purposes: developing the cooperative by setting
up reserves, part of which should at least be indivisible; benefiting members in proportion
to their patronage of the cooperative’s business, and supporting activities approved by the
membership.
4. Autonomy and Independence – Cooperatives are autonomous, self-help
organizations controlled by their members. If they enter into agreements with other
organizations, including government, or raise capital from external sources, they shall do
so on terms that ensure democratic control of their members and maintain their
cooperative autonomy.
5. Education, Training and Information – Cooperatives shall provide education
and training for their members, elected and appointed representatives, managers, and
employees, so that they can contribute effectively and efficiently to the development of
their cooperatives.
6. Cooperation among Cooperatives – Cooperatives serve their members most
effectively and strengthen the cooperative movement by working together through local,
national, regional, and international structures.
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7. Concern for Community – Cooperatives work for the sustainable development
of their communities through policies approved by their members.
According to Abasolo (2000), a cooperative shall provide maximum economic
benefit to its members, teach them the efficient ways of doing things and new ideas in
business and management and allow the lower income groups to increase their ownership
in the wealth of the nation.
Importance of Credit System
As stated by Miranda (2001), the importance of money in the nation’s economy
has been clearly indicated and clearly stressed. However, inspite of its multi-varied
functions, money is far from enough. In fact, if all economic activities were to rely on the
use of money alone, production would tend to show down its pace and so with
consumption. The consequent result will therefore be a lowering of standards of living.
Hence, the need for a system of credit for a reason that the extension of credit is
quite simple. People buy things that they cannot afford to pay for at the moment, but
probably can pay for in the long run. Certain merchandise is too expensive to pay for at
once but it maybe a useful one for a period of ten or fifteen years, and people are willing
to deny themselves for a little good many things in order to own the merchandise. In such
cases, credit is not dangerous.
Nature and Characteristics of Credit
As further stated by Miranda (2001), by the very nature, credit which is defined as
“the ability to obtain a thing of vale in exchange for a promise to pay with money or
something equally satisfactpry to the seller or creditor at some future time” represents
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both as a power and obligation on the part of the debtor. On the other hand, to the
creditor, credit signifies the existence of a legal and moral right as well as an expectation
of the fulfillment of the promise.
As a power, credit enables the individual to stretch his purchasing ability, that is,
obtain goods and services which otherwise the individual would be without with the lack
of account if not total absence of cash at that particular time. Evidently, credit in this
sense expresses the ability of the debtor to obtain goods or services on the basis of the
seller’s or lender’s belief that payment will be made by the debtor as promised in
accordance with their agreement. Such equivalent which is promised to be paid in the
future may consist of either goods or services. Generally speaking however, in common
practice, credit obligations are discharged through an offer of a sum of money.
As an obligation on the part of the debtor, credit represents a legal and moral
responsibility to honor his promise or commitment which has arisen out of a past
transaction. As such, credit may be said as quantitative and, therefore, capable of some
definite measurement, that is, the credit of an individual or firm must necessarily be
equal, if not more than, the total amount of the indebtedness incurred.
Social Impact Assessment
From Wikipedia (2008), A Social Impact Assessment is a methodology to review
the social effects including the processes of analyzing, monitoring and managing
intended and unintended social consequences, both positive and negative, of planned
interventions and any social change processes invoked by those interventions. Its primary
purpose is to bring about a more sustainable and equitable biophysical and human
environment.
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Cooperative Movement as a Solution
to World Problem
Excerpt from a speech of during the Asian Credit Union Forum. De Castro
(2005), the cooperative movement in the country, particularly the savings and credit
cooperative sector, is a growing movement and is making palpable contribution to the
local economy. In fact, in many communities that remain un-served by formal financial
institutions, savings and credit cooperatives are the main if not the only source of
financing for a great majority of our population.
Cooperatives in the country are important part of our national development and
that they are here to stay because they are part of a big movement that has taken root and
continue to grow in Asia.
Significance of Cooperatives
Anonymous (2009), Cooperatives, as economic enterprises and as self-help
organizations, play a meaningful role in uplifting the socio-economic conditions of their
members and their local communities. Over the years, cooperative enterprises have
successfully operated locally owned people-centered businesses while also serving as
catalysts for social organization and cohesion. With their concern for their members and
communities, they represent a model of economic enterprise that places high regard for
democratic and human values and respect for the environment. As the world today faces
unstable financial systems, increased insecurity of food supply, growing inequality
worldwide, rapid climate change and increased environmental degradation, it is
increasingly compelling to consider the model of economic enterprise that cooperatives
offer. The cooperative sector, especially in developing countries, also presents itself as an
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important element that can contribute to the realization of the Millennium Development
Goals (MDG’s) by 2015.
The cooperative enterprise is also relevant in addressing the problem of food
security. The cooperative enterprise also presents an important model as many of the
world’s poorest and disadvantaged face social exclusion, lack of access to opportunities
and growing economic inequality. As the uneven effects of globalization have led to a
rise in the unregulated informal economy, workers in the informal sector have formed
shared service cooperatives and associations to assist in their self-employment. In rural
areas, savings and credit cooperatives provide access to banking services which are
lacking in many communities. Credit cooperatives also play on important role in the
formation of small and micro businesses. They can affect the kind of financial
“deepening” that the World Bank envisages, as they consistently reach the poor in a
sustainable way.
Cooperatives may not be the solution to the world’s problems, but they are
certainly part of the solution. An International Year of Cooperatives can firm up the
international will to strengthen cooperatives and in so doing help achieve MDG’s and
alleviate world crises.
Socio-economic Impact Analysis
Anonymous (2007) Socio-economic impact analysis is designed to assist
communities in making decisions that promote long term sustainability, including
economic prosperity, a healthy community, and social well being. It is a proposed
development that may increase employment in the community and create demand for
more affordable settlement. Both effects are easily quantifiable. Also of importance,
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however, are the perceptions of community members about whether the proposed
development is consistent with a commitment to preserving the rural character of the
community. Assessing community perceptions about development requires the use of
methods capable of revealing often complex and unpredictable community values.
The socio-economic impacts of a proposed development on a community may
actually begin the day the project is proposed. Changes in social structure and
interactions among community members may occur once the new development is
proposed to the community. In addition, real, measurable and often significant effects on
human environment can begin to take place as soon as there are changes in social or
economic conditions. From the time the earliest announcement of a pending policy
change or development project, attitudes toward the project are formed, interest groups
and other coalitions prepare strategies, speculations may lock up potentially important
properties, and politicians can maneuver for position.
Socio-economic Contribution of Cooperatives
Lumiqued (1993) as stated by Toribio (2009), a cooperative teaches its members
how to spend money wisely and save. It develops self-reliance, social awareness among
its service people. It encourages people to prosper through their own cooperative efforts
and legitimate income and wealth to be fairly distributed among its members. A
cooperative does not exploit consumers and its employees but plays a vital role in the
victory of socialism.
Towang (2002) as cited by Toribio (2009), cooperative also believes that social
responsibility is included as one of its principles, the concern for community in which
they operated. Cooperatives like other enterprises have seen their operation significantly
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affected by external challenges in the political and economic environment. This includes
the impact of structural adjustments and economic liberation.
Definition of Terms
Member – includes a person either natural or judicial who, adhering to the
principle set forth in the cooperative code and in the articles of cooperation, has been
admitted by the cooperative as member.
Board of Directors – body entrusted with the management of the affairs of the
cooperative under its articles of cooperation and by-laws.
Credit Cooperative – one that promotes and undertakes savings and lending
services among its members. It generates a common pool of funds to provide financial
assistance and other related financial services to its members for productive and
provident purposes.
Credit – means the borrowing of funds or money from one party to another, with a
promise of the latter party to pay the borrowed funds at a specified future time.
Socio-economic – is the study of the relationship between economic activity and
social life. It focuses on the social impact of some sort of economic change.
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METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study
The study was conducted in the principal office of Benteo Timpuyog Credit
Cooperative (BENTICCO) at Poblacion, Atok, Benguet. The study was conducted on
November to December 2009.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents were composed of officers who were chosen through purposive
random sampling and total enumeration of members of the cooperative. For the
community people the barangay officials were also chosen for personal interviews in
confirmation regarding the implemented projects of the cooperative.
Data Collection
A survey questionnaire and a data sheet was used to gather information. The
researcher personally visited the area and obtained the respondents from the list of
members and officers of the cooperative. The researcher supervised the answering of the
questionnaires to ensure that all questions are answered.
For the community people, the researcher personally visited and interviewed them
in their homes.
Data Collected
The data collected were the programs, activities or projects implemented by the
cooperative to improve the socio-economic status of members. It’s economic
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contribution, the benefits derived by members and the problems encountered by the
cooperative in implementing its socio-economic projects.
Data Analysis
The data gathered were classified and analyzed using simple statistical tools such
as frequency counts, percentages and the results were interpreted in accordance with the
objectives of the study.
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Respondents’ Profile
The personal profile of the respondents was presented in Table 1. The profile
included their age, sex, civil status, educational attainment, and household annual income
and sources of income.
Age. Most (37.10%) of the respondents were between the age of 41-50 years old
followed by the age bracket 51-60 years old with 29.03%, 31- 40 years old with 17.74%,
21-30 years old with 11.29%, 71-80 years old with 3.23%, and 61 - 70 years old with
1.69%. The result shows that majority of the respondents were of middle age approaching
the old age.
Sex. Majority (64.52%) of the respondents were female and only 35.48% were
male. Results of personal interviews reveals that the male respondents has a lesser time of
attending and participating in the cooperative’s activities because they were pre-occupied
with farm maintenance and other livelihood activities to sustain the daily needs of the
family, thus they entrusted to their wives the membership to the cooperative.
Educational attainment. The finding shows that all of the respondents had
undergone formal education. Half (50%) of them were able to reach the secondary level,
29.03% pursued to a college degree while 3.23% finished a vocational course. There
were 17.74% who had reached only elementary level. According to them, they were not
able to continue because of the lack of financial support from their parents.
Annual income. The respondent’s earnings were based on the occupation they
have and were measured yearly. Most (41.94%) of the respondents had an annual income
of P51,000- P100,000 followed by P50,000 and below income bracket with 40.32%. Next
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was the income bracket of P101,000- P150,000 with 9.68% followed by the income
bracket of P 151,000- P 200,000 with 4.84%. There were only very few (3.22%) who
received an income of P201,000 and above.
The finding shows that majority of the members had an annual income of
P100.000 and below considering that most of them are farmers.
Sources of income. The sources of income of the respondents were as follows:
agricultural production, specifically vegetable farming and animal raising, salaries as
government employees, wages as skilled laborers, and from business.
Majority (58.07%) get their income directly from vegetable production followed
by 19.35% of the respondents who receives a monthly salary from the government. There
were 8.06% who get their income from being a skilled laborer and 4.84% get their
income from business operation.
This finding implies that majority of the members of the cooperative were
engaged in agricultural production.
Table 1. Profile of the respondents
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Age
21 – 30
7
11.29
31 – 40
11
17.74
41 – 50
23
37.10
51 – 60
18
29.03
Above 60 years old
3
4.84
TOTAL
62
100.00
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Table 1 continued …
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Sex
Male
22
35.48
Female
40
64.52
TOTAL
62
100.00
Civil Status
Single
10
16.13
Married
52
83.87
TOTAL
62
100.00
Educational Attainment
College graduate
18
29.03
Vocational graduate
2
3.23
Secondary level
31
50.00
Elementary level
11
17.74
TOTAL
62
100.00
Annual Income
P50,000 and below
25
40.32
P51,000 – P100,000
26
41.94
P101,000 – P150,000
6
9.68
P151,000 – P200,000
3
4.84
P201,000 and above
2
3.22
TOTAL
62
100.00
Sources of Income
Farming
42
67.75
Employment/work
12
19.35
Wages as skilled laborer
5
8.06
Business
3
4.84
TOTAL
62
100.00
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Purpose in Joining the Cooperative
Table 2 shows the purposes of the respondents in joining the cooperative. Most
(42.67%) of them indicated that their purpose in joining the cooperative is to avail loan
and patronage refund. Twenty four or 38.67% mentioned that they joined the cooperative
to benefit from the cooperative’s services and programs, 13.33% said they joined the
cooperative to have additional knowledge about cooperative and 5.33% joined to take
part and learn from the activities of the cooperative. The finding implies that the main
purpose of the members in joining the cooperative was to benefit from the service,
activities, and programs of the cooperative rather than to take part in its activities and
learn from it.
Number of Years in the Cooperative
Number of years as a member. Most of the respondents (48.65%) had been a
member of the cooperative for 6-10 years, 37.84% for 1-5 years, and 13.51% for 11-15
years (Table 3). The result shows that majority of them were members of the cooperative
for less than ten years. The cooperative had been operating for 12 years and there were
very few members at the initial year.
Table 2. Purposes in joining the cooperative
PURPOSES
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
To avail of loan and patronage refund
26
42.67
To benefit from the cooperative services
24
38.67
To have additional knowledge about cooperative
8
13.33
To take part and learn from the activities
3
5.33
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Table 3. Number of years in the cooperative as member/officer
NUMBER OF YEARS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
As Member of the Cooperative
1 – 5
14
37.84
6 – 10
18
48.65
11 – 15
5
13.51
TOTAL
37
100.00
As Officer of the Cooperative
1
4
20.00
2
7
35.00
3
5
25.00
10
4
20.00
TOTAL
20
100.00
Number of years as an officer. Most (35%) of the officers sat in their position for
at least 2 years while 25% were able to complete 3 years which is the maximum term of
an officer. 20% of the officers has maintained their leadership for 10 years due to good
standing and performance. 20% also are new sets of officers to rule in the cooperative
(Table 3). The finding reveals that the officers can maintain in position in 1 year or more
as long as they had the capability to do so.
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Social Activities of the Cooperative Participated
by the Respondents
The social activities and programs of the cooperative participated by the
respondents were as follows: general assembly meetings, trainings and seminars, clean-
up drive, and tree planting. All the respondents participated in the general assembly
meetings and trainings and seminars. Only 12.94% and 5.88%, respectively, participated
in the tree planting and clean-up drive (Table 4). This finding shows that very few
members of the cooperative participate to cooperative activities for the community.
Social Impact of the Cooperative to the Members
Table 5 presents the social impact of these social activities to the personal;
development of the members. Most (35.38%)of the respondents had developed their self-
confidence and self- reliance followed by 33.33% of them whose knowledge about
cooperative improved, 17.69% had improved their skills in livelihood activities while
8.16% had improved their managerial capabilities and 5.44% had more acquaintances
and friends. This shows that greater percentage of the respondents were able to improve
their personalities through the activities conducted by the cooperative.
Table 4. Social activities of the cooperative participated by the respondents
SOCIAL ACTIVITIES
FREQUENCY* PERCENTAGE
General assembly meeting
62
100.00
Trainings and seminars
62
100.00
Clean-up drive
4
6.15
Tree Planting
8
12.90
*Multiple response
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Table 5. Social impact of the cooperative to the respondents
SOCIAL IMPACT
FREQUENCY* PERCENTAGE
Developed self-confidence and self-reliance
52
35.38
Improved skills in livelihood activities
26
17.69
Improved managerial capabilities
12
8.16
Improved knowledge about cooperative
49
33.33
More acquaintances and friends
8
5.44
*Multiple response
This finding implies that the cooperative was able to influence the social life of
the members through its social activities.
Extent of Patronizing the Credit Service and
Availment of Patronage Refund
Table 6 shows the extent of patronage of the credit service by the respondents and
the factors that the respondents considered in availing of the credit service as well as the
extent of availing patronage refund by the respondents.
Patronage of the credit service. Majority (68.42%) of the members pointed out
that the credit service was fully patronized while 31.58% indicated that the service was
moderately patronized. This implies that majority of the members availed of the credit
service of the cooperative.
Factors affecting loan availment. The factors which the members consider as
important in availing of the credit service of the cooperative were as follows: low interest
considered by 80.65%, loan is based on fixed deposit and credit standing of the member
by 56.45%, fast release of loan by 25.81%, long term payment of loan by 12.90%, and
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4.84% each for less requirement and high patronage refund and interest on capital. This
finding implies that members consider interest rate, the amount to be granted which is
based on the fixed deposit, the time of processing and release of the loan, and the term of
the loan when they avail of the credit service.
Availment of patronage refund. A great majority of the respondents (91.23%)
indicated fully availed the patronage refund while 8.77% stated that they have
moderately availed. This proves the earlier finding that they fully patronized the loan
service. This finding implies that members who are availing of the loan service are given
patronage refund at the end of the year. This is a form of savings by the members. They
use the credit for their capital or personal consumption and out of the interest they pay for
the use of money, they get a refund for contributing to the net surplus of the cooperative.
This is the main feature of the cooperative that makes if different from other businesses.
Table 6. Extent of patronizing the credit service and availing patronage refund, and the
factors considered in availing the credit service by the respondents
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Extent of Patronizing the Credit Service
Fully patronizing
39
68.42
Moderately patronizing
18
31.58
TOTAL
57
100.00
Extent of Availing Patronage Refund
Fully patronizing
52
91.23
Moderately patronizing
5
8.77
TOTAL
57
100.00
*Multiple response
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Table 6 continued …
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY* PERCENTAGE
Factors considered in Patronizing the Credit Service
Low interest rate
50
80.65
Loan is based on fixed deposit
35
56.45
Fast release of loan
17
27.42
No collateral on loan
16
25.81
Long term payment of loan
8
12.90
High patronage refund
3
4.84
Less requirement
3
4.84
* Multiple response
Uses of Loan by the Respondents
Table 7 shows the uses of the loan availed by the respondents. Majority
respondents indicated agricultural production as the primary use of the loan they availed.
Eighty sex percent used it for vegetable production and 15.79% used it for animal
production. About 51% used their loan for hospitalization. This shows that the
cooperative played a very important role in providing funds for paying hospital bills and
buying medicines. Furthermore, some members (8.77%) used their loan for buying basic
commodities. Some of them (38.60%) and 17.54% used their loan as business capital and
for paying tuition fees of their children. The result shows that the members used their
loans for provident and productive purposes.
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Reasons in Patronizing the Cooperative
Table 8 presents the reasons of the respondents in patronizing their cooperative.
There were 45.95% who said they are patronizing the service of the cooperative because
they want to maintain their membership in the cooperative. The other reasons mentioned
were: to have patronage refund by 35.09% and to help build the cooperative by another
35.09%. This members have different reasons in patronizing their cooperative.
Table 7. Uses of loan from the cooperative
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY*
PERCENTAGE
Vegetable Production
49
86.00
Animal Raising
9
15.79
Hospitalization
29
50.88
Purchase Basic Commodities
5
8.77
Business Capital
22
38.60
Tuition fee of Children
10
17.54
* Multiple response
Table 8. Reasons of the respondents in patronizing the cooperative service
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY*
PERCENTAGE
To maintain membership
34
59.65
To have patronage refund
20
35.09
To help build the fund of the cooperative
20
35.09
* Multiple response
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Economic Impact of the Cooperative to the
Members and the Community
Economic impact to members. Aside from the social impact of the cooperative to
the members, the more important one is its economic impact. Table 9 reveals the
indicators of improvement among the respondents since they became a member in the
cooperative. The indicators are as follows: improved house, increased assets, increased
income from business, children were sent to school and loans and interests were paid on
time. Majority (77.19%) of the respondents indicated that their assets increased because
they were able to purchase appliances and farm implements. There were 22.12% who
pointed out that their income from business increased, 28.07% were able to send their
children to school, 26.32% were able to pay their loans and its interest on time, and
10.53% were able to improve their house. The finding implies that the cooperative was
able to improve the economic status of the members through its services.
Contributions to the community. The main contribution of the cooperative to the
community was that they had a clean and green environment because of their clean-up
drive and tree planting activities. This was stated by 87.10% of the respondents. The
other two important contributions of the cooperative were the cemented pathway
indicated by 12.90 % and the road improvement mentioned by 20.97%. People in the
community were happy because even though they are not members of the cooperative
they are benefited from these projects. The barangay officials mentioned that they are
very thankful to the members and officers of the cooperative for helping them to improve
their community.
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Table 9. Economic contributions of the cooperative to the members and to the community
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY* PERCENTAGE
Economic Contributions to the Members
Increased assets
44
77.19
Increased income in business
23
40.35
Children are sent to school
16
28.07
Loans and interest are paid on time
15
26.32
Improved house
6
10.53
Contribution to the Community
Clean and green community
54
87.10
Road improvement
13
20.97
Cemented pathways
8
12.90
* Multiple response
Problems Encountered in Implementing
the Socio-Economic Activities
Table 10 shows the problems encountered by the cooperative in the
implementation of their activities, programs, and projects. The problems indicated were
as follows: lack of cooperation among the members of the cooperative given by 32.26%.
Second is the lack of financial capital pointed out by 19.35%. According to the
respondents, the cooperative could conduct more social activities that would benefit the
members and the community as a whole if they have more funds to finance the activities.
Furthermore, the cooperative could not expand its services to the members because of
limited capital. It observed that the operation is somewhat stagnant due of the small
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Table 10. Problems encountered by the cooperative in implementing socio-economic
activities
PROBLEMS
FREQUENCY* PERCENTAGE
Lack of cooperation
20
32.26
Lack of financial capital
12
19.35
Lack of equipment
8
12.9
Difficulty in making linkages
5
8.10
* Multiple response
financial asset of the cooperative. This was because of the limited membership and some
are afraid to apply for a loan and some were not conscious on the time of repaying their
loans which caused the stagnant operation due to the slow cash flow. Another was the
lack of equipment mentioned by 17.78%. The BOD chairman said they don’t have
enough equipment and manpower with the managerial capability to supervise the
operation of the cooperative. Some respondents also mentioned difficulty in making
linkages with other organizations or institutions. Interviews with some members and
officers revealed that these problems were encountered mainly because every member
and officer of the cooperative cannot swallow their pride; everyone wants to be
appreciated and be recognized with every work they do. This maybe affected by the level
of education every member had, the one’s who had a college degree wants to be superior
over the others.
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Recommendations of the Respondents for the
Improvement of the Cooperative
Table 11 shows the recommendations of the respondents for the further
improvement of the service of the cooperative. Majority of the respondents recommended
an improvement of capital build-up strategy in order to increase their capital and solve
the problem of lack of capital. Expansion of the membership to other barangays was
suggested by 64.52%. Loan uses should be properly monitored to check if the loan was
used to what it was intended for by 48.39% and 32.26% recommended that loan
delinquency control should be strictly imposed and also remind borrowers of their loan so
that they would not be overdue.
Table 11. Recommendations for the improvement of the cooperative
RECOMMENDATIONS
FREQUENCY* PERCENTAGE
Improve capital-build-up
40
64.56
Expand membership
40
64.56
Monitoring of loan purposes and uses
30
48.39
Improve loan delinquency control and repayment
20
32.26
consciousness
* Multiple response
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SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
This study was conducted to assess the socio-economic impact of Benteo
Timpuyog Credit Cooperative, determine the programs, activities, or projects
implemented by the cooperative, find out its contribution to the socio-economic progress
of its members and the community, and determine the problems encountered by the
cooperative in implementing its project. This study was conducted from December 2009
to January 2010 with 57 registered members of Benteo Timpuyog Credit Cooperative and
five (5) members of the community as respondents. It was found out that majority of the
members were female, mostly married, with ages between 41-60 years old, and had an
income range of P100,000 and below annually. Most of them had finished post secondary
education, so, majority of them were engaged in vegetable farming and some were
salaried employees in the government. Most of them were members in the cooperative
ten (10) years and below, most of the officers also had two (20 years being an officers
and the community respondents had resided in the area for almost 40 years.
The programs, activities or projects implemented by the cooperative were general
assembly meeting, which was mostly attended by the members followed by the trainings
and seminars. These activities contributed a lot to the improvement of the social status of
the members such that most of them develop their self-confidence and self-reliance and
had improved their knowledge about cooperative. Other projects are road improvement,
cemented pathways and clean-up drive which contributed to the economic progress of the
community.
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The members mentioned several benefits derived from the service of the
cooperative. With the loans they availed, they had a capital for their agricultural
production and their business, they were able to send their children to school and buy the
things they needed. With the emergency loan, the respondents were able to pay their
hospital bills and buy their medicines. Most especially that most cases of illness are
unexpected. They were able to repay their loans and interest on time and able to purchase
their basic needs in times of emergencies. Which they would not have done without the
service. However, they mentioned some problems that they encountered in the
implementation of their socio-economic activities and regarding their service. Majority
pointed out that the main problem that they met was lack of cooperation among the
members and officers due to lack of knowledge regarding the operation of the
cooperative. They also stated that they lack financial aspect, meaning more fund to
satisfy more member-borrowers. Most of the officers said that they lack implements/
tools to manage well the cooperative and lastly was that they had a difficulty in linkaging
tie-ups.
Conclusions
Based on the finding of the study, the following conclusions were derived:
1. Majority of the respondents are females, mostly married with age ranging 41-
60 years old, finished secondary level of education, some pursued a college degree,
engaged in agricultural production and with an annual income of P100, 000 and below.
2. Majority of the respondents were able to improve their socio-economic status
with the activities, programs and projects implemented/ conducted by the cooperative.
With its service, the respondents were able to send their children to school, improve their
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house, buy some additional appliances and also they were able to repay their loans and its
interest on time. For the community, the cooperative was able to contribute to the road
improvement and to the clean and green environment. In the social aspect, most of the
members were able to develop their self-confidence and self-reliance and were able to
learn more about cooperative.
3. The officers and members of the cooperative encountered a problem in
implementing their service and the socio-economic activities because of the lack of
cooperation of each and every member and lack of funds to finance these activities.
Recommendations
1. The education committee should be properly taught and learned enough to in
order for them to conduct Pre-membership education seminar (PMES) effectively and
efficiently such that the incoming members had already derived knowledge regarding the
operation of the cooperative.
2. “Cooperation is the key to success”, this should be the main goal of each
member and officer in order for the cooperative to optimize its growth and improvement
if it was well managed with joined hands. Selfishness should be minimized; everybody
should share their knowledge but should never boast it.
3. Membership should be at least open to municipal wide because additional
members are additional assets not just financially, it also adds to the manpower that could
contribute to the further growth and improvement of the cooperative.
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LITERATURE CITED
ABASOLO, P. A. 2000. Cooperative in the Philippines- History, Organization, and
Management. p. 8.
ANONYMOUS, 2007. Socio-economic Impact Analysis. Retrieved: November 26,2009
http://www.lic.wisc.edu/shapingdane/facilitation/allresources/impacts/analysis_
socio.html
ANONYMOUS, 2008. Republic Act No. 9520 Philippine Cooperative Code of 2008.
pp. 1-2.
ANONYMOUS, 2009. Significance of Cooperatives. Retrieved: July 31, 2009. .http://
www.un.org/esa/socdev/social/cooperatives/documents/survey/background
CASTRO, N. 2005. Speeches on Cooperatives. Retrieved September 30, 2009 from http:
//www.kabayannoli.com/speehes/CREDIT.html
MIRANDA, G. 2001. Essentials of Money, Credit and Banking. pp. 97 -99.
TORIBIO, J.C. 2009. Socio-economic Contribution of Adoyon Cooperative in Tuel,
Tublay, Benguet. P. 5.
WIKIPEDIA, 2008. Retrieved: August 16, 2008 from.http: // en .wikipedia. org. /wiki
/social impact
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APPENDIX A
Survey Questionnaire
(For the Members)
Respondent No.: ____________
Date: _____________________
I. Profile of Respondents
Name of Respondent: ____________________________
Age: _______
Gender: _____Male _____Female
Civil Status: _____________
Educational Attainment: (please check)
_____ Elementary
_____ High School
_____ Vocational
_____ College
Number of years in Cooperative Membership: (please check)
_____ 1 – 5 years
_____ 6 – 10 years
_____ 11 – 15 years
_____ 16 – 20 years
Position in Cooperative: (if officer)
_____ Board of Directors
_____ Committee Member
_____ General Manager
_____ Secretary
_____ Treasurer
_____ Bookkeeper
_____ Sales Clerk
_____ Posting Clerk
_____ Others, specify: ___________________________
Number of years as an officer / staff in the Cooperative: (please check)
_____ 1 year
_____ 2 years
_____ 3 years
_____ 6 years
_____ 8 years
_____ 10 years
Purpose in joining the Cooperative: (please check)
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_____ To avail loan and patronage refund.
_____ To have additional knowledge about cooperatives.
_____ To take part and learn in the Cooperative activities.
_____ To benefit from the Cooperative’s services.
_____ Others, specify: ___________________________________
Sources of Income: (please check)
_____ Vegetable Farming
_____ Animal Raising
_____ Employment / Work
_____ Wages as skilled workers / laborers
_____ Business
_____ Others, specify: ___________________________________
Annual Income:
· Total Farm Income:
Vegetable Production: ________________________________
Animal Raising: _____________________________________
· Non-farm Income: ___________________________________
· Other sources of Income, specify: _______________________
II. Cooperative Services Availed by Members
1. What are the Cooperative Services / Programs that you availed?
_____ Savings and Time Deposits
_____ Credit Services
_____ Consumers Services
_____ Others, specify: _________________________________
2. What are your purposes in availing loan services?
_____ Vegetable Production
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_____ Animal Raising
_____ For business Capital
_____ To build house
_____ To purchase lot
_____ Tuition fee of children
_____ House Improvement
_____ Hospitalization
_____ Placement fee of OFW Applicants
_____ Used to purchase basic commodities
_____ Others, specify: ___________________________________
2. What are your reasons in patronizing the Cooperative?
_____ To maintain membership
_____ To have patronage refund
_____ To help build the cooperative
_____ Others, specify: ___________________________________
3. Did the services you availed improve your socio-economic condition?
_____ Yes
_____ No
4. If yes, how did it improve your socio-economic condition?
_____ Improved House
_____ Increased Assets
_____ Increased Income from business
_____ Children are sent to school
_____ Loans and interests are paid on time
_____ Others, specify: _________________________________
5. If not, why?
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_____ Loan is not enough for capital
_____ Loan was not used for intended purpose
_____ Unexpected emergency circumstances
_____ Natural Calamities
_____ Others, specify: _________________________________
III.
Extent of Implementation of Cooperative Service
1. In your assessment, what is the extent of implementation of the credit
service of the Cooperative? (please check)
_____ Fully Implemented
_____ Moderately Implemented
_____ Fairly Implemented
_____ Poorly Implemented
2. In your assessment, what are the extent of patronage / availment of the
service of the cooperative?
_____ Fully Availed
_____ Moderately Availed
_____ Fairly Availed
_____ Poorly Availed
3. What are the facilitating factors to the moderate or full implementation,
patronage / availment of the Cooperative service?
_____ Low Interest
_____ No collateral on loans
_____ Fast release of loan
_____ Loans is according to fix deposits and credit standing
_____ High patronage refund / interest on capital
_____ Long term payment of loan
_____ Less Requirement
_____ Others, specify: _________________________________
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4. In your opinion, what are the factors for the fair or poor implementation,
availment and patronage of the cooperative service?
_____ High interest on loan
_____ Short term payment of loan
_____ Low patronage refund
_____Slow release / processing of loan
_____ Too much requirement
_____ Others, specify: _________________________________
5. What are your recommendations to improve the services of the
cooperative?
_____ Improve capital build-up of members
_____ Improve loan delinquency control, repayment consciousness
_____ Help expand membership
_____ Monitoring of loan purposes
_____ Others, specify: _________________________________
IV. Socio-economic impact of Cooperatives
A. Social
1. What are the social activities / programs of the Cooperative that you
had been participating? (please check)
_____ General Assembly Meeting
_____ Trainings and Seminars
_____ Clean-up Drive
_____ Tree Planting
_____ Others, specify: ________________________________
2. Do you consider these activities contributory in improving your social
attitude?
_____ Yes
_____ No
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3. If yes, what activities / programs contributed to your personal
development? (please check)
_____ General Assembly
_____ Training and Seminar
_____ Clean-up Drive
_____ Tree Planting
_____ Others, specify: ________________________________
4. How did it improve your social attitude? (please rank from 1-most
improved to 5-least improved)
_____ Develop self-confidence and self-reliance
_____ Improved skills in livelihood activities
_____ Improved managerial capabilities
_____ Improved knowledge about cooperative
_____ More acquaintance / camaraderie / belongingness
_____ Healthy environment
_____ Others, specify: ________________________________
B. Economic
1. What is the economic assistance you gained from being a member of
the cooperative? (please check)
_____ Financial Assistance
_____ Interest on share capital and savings
_____ Patronage refund
_____ Others, specify: _________________________________
2. What are the indicators of progress through the help of Cooperative in
your present condition? (please check)
_____ House Improvement
_____ Purchased Appliances
_____ Purchased House and Lot
_____ Purchased Farm Implements
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_____ Purchased Agricultural Land
_____ Children / household members sent to school
_____ Household members sent overseas (OFW)
_____ Others, specify: ________________________________
3. What are the contributions of Cooperative to the community? (please
check)
_____ Road Improvement
_____ Cemented Pathways
_____ Construction of bridges
_____ Clean and Green Environment
_____ Others, specify: _________________________________
V. How can you rate the before and after effect of the organization of the
cooperative?
VARIABLES
BEFORE AFTER
1. Social
Participation to cooperative activities
Participation to community activities
Others, specify
2. Economic
Increase in income
Expand business
Able to bring children to school
Improve house
Bought appliances
Others, specify
Scale: 1- low participation / improvement
2- moderate participation / improvement
3- high participation / improvement
THANK YOU VERY MUCH and GOD BLESS!
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Assessment Of Socio-Economic Im pact Of Benteo Timpuyog Credit Cooperative
(BENTICCO) In Atok, Benguet / Meldrin B. Marcelino. 2010
MARCELINO, MELDRIN B. APRIL, 2010. Assessment of Socio-economic
Impact of Benteo Timpuyog Credit Cooperative (BENTICCO) in Atok, Benguet,
Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Evangeline B. Cungihan, MSc.
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to determine the services rendered by the cooperative to
people of the community in Buguias, Benguet; determine the impact of the different
services to the members as to positive impact and negative impact; find out the level of
satisfaction of members on the services of the cooperative; the contribution of the
cooperative to the community development; and the perceptions of the members and
community regarding their cooperative.
A survey questionnaire was used in the collection of the data and was personally
administered by the researcher. Ninety five members were taken as respondents of the
study.
The finding show that the cooperative had a positive impact on the economic and
social status of the members. The major economic contribution of the cooperative to the
members were in terms of providing the basic goods when needed, providing farm inputs
on time and on credit basis; and enabling them to expand their business. The major social
contributions were as follows: provide donations in times of emergency, their number of
friends increased, and developed sense of cooperation within the community. As to the
negative impact, it was a negligible level because very few was affected and it may have
been due to neglect of responsibility on the part of the members. The members perceived
that the cooperative contributed much to community development. The members
perceived also that the cooperative provide very good quality goods and services at
affordable prices. Furthermore, the cooperative gives fair treatment to all the people in
the community.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Abstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
INTRODUCTION
Rationale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Statement of the Problem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
Objectives of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
Importance of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
Scope and Delimitation of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Cooperative Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
Cooperative Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
Importance of Credit System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
Nature and Characteristics of Credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
Social Impact Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Cooperative Movement as a Solution to
World Problem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
Significance of Cooperatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
Socio-economic Impact Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
Socio-economic Contribution of Cooperatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Respondents of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Data Collection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Data Collected. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Data Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Respondents’ Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Purpose in Joining the Cooperative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Number of Years in the Cooperative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Social Activities of the Cooperative
Participated by the Respondents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
Social Impact of the Cooperative
to the Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
Extent of Patronizing the Credit Service
and Availment of Patronage Refund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
Uses of Loan by the Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Reasons in Patronizing the Cooperative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Economic Impact of the Cooperative to
the Members and the Community.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
Problems Encountered in Implementing the
Socio-Economic Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
Recommendations of the Respondents for the
Improvement of the Cooperative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
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SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
LITERATURE CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
APPENDIX
A. Survey Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
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INTRODUCTION
Rationale
The Benteo Timpuyog Credit Cooperative (BENTICCO) originally known as
Benteo Timpuyog Farmers’ Association is initiated by a Municipal Agriculture Officer of
Atok. It is an Agric-based cooperative supported and financed by the Municipal
Agriculture Office (MAO) and Municipal Agriculture and Fisheries Council (MAFC).
Its main purpose is to provide loans to members for agricultural production purposes and
socio-economic projects. It is a lone credit cooperative located at Poblacion, Atok,
Benguet in complement with Atok National High School (ANHS)-Main Multi-purpose
cooperative. There were fifteen pioneer members who started the cooperative. At present
the total members increased covering less than twenty five (25%) of the total population
of the Barangay. The membership is limited because of strict member selection and
decision of the Board of Directors (BOD) not to open and expand its membership to the
nearby Barangays.
The Farmer’s Association was formed and organized in 1991 and the General
Assembly decided to register as a cooperative on November 10, 1997. Though it started
with minimal asset, it pursued its operation through availing funds from different funding
agencies and continued campaigning for membership. Being a lone credit cooperative in
the area, it had gained the trust of the people to join and invest in the cooperative. With
the additional share capital and other assets, the cooperative was able to satisfy the needs
of its members to the extent that its cash flow is liquid.
The cooperative had been growing substantially in terms of asset because of
continuous capital build-up, loan repayment consciousness among members and strict
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adherence to standing policies. With this, the cooperative was able to invest in other
organization.
Statement of the Problem
This study seeked to answer the following questions:
1. What are the programs, activities or projects of the cooperative that contributed
to the social status of members and to the community?
2. What are the contributions of the cooperative in the socio-economic progress of
the community?
3. What are the benefits derived by the members from the cooperative?
4. What are the problems encountered by the cooperative and its members in
implementing social projects?
Objectives of the Study
This research study aimed to:
1. Identify the programs, activities or projects implemented by the cooperative to
improve the social status of the members and the community,
2. Identify the contribution of the cooperative to the socio-economic progress of
the community,
3. Identify benefits derived by members from the services of the cooperative, and
4. Identify problems encountered by the cooperative in the implementation of
social projects.
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Importance of the Study
Results of the assessment of the socio-economic impact of Benteo Timpuyog
Credit Cooperative (BENTICCO) may provide relevant information to the members and
to the community to make them realize that organizing cooperatives has a great help to
the economic upliftment of the whole community. It could be a decision factor to the
members and officers of the cooperative to expand its membership and could also be a
decision factor to the community people to join and support it. The results could also be
starting point of further improvement and expansion of the service of the cooperative to
attract more members and supporters. Results could also be used as a reference for
researchers who would be conducting research of the same line of interest.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
The study focused on the assessment of the socio-economic impact of Benteo
Timpuyog Credit Cooperative (BENTICCO) to its members and the community. It’s
contribution to the socio-economic progress and improvement of social status of each
household in the community.
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Cooperative Defined
As stated in Article 3, General Concepts of the Philippine Cooperative Code
(2008), a cooperative is an autonomous and duly registered association of persons with a
common bond of interest, who have voluntarily joined together to achieve their social,
economic, and cultural needs and aspirations, making equitable contributions to the
capital required, patronizing their products and services, and accepting a fair share of the
risks and benefits of the undertaking in accordance with universally accepted cooperative
principles.
Cooperative Principles
As amended in Article 4, Cooperative Principles in the New Philippine
Cooperative Code RA 9520 (2008), that every cooperative shall conduct its affairs in
accordance with Filipino culture, good values and experience and the universally
accepted principles of cooperation which include, but are not limited to the following:
1. Voluntary and Open Membership – Cooperatives are voluntary organizations,
open to all persons able to use their services and willing to accept the responsibilities of
membership, without gender, social, racial, cultural, political, or religious discrimination.
2. Democratic Member Control – Cooperatives are democratic organizations that
are controlled by their members who actively participate in setting their policies and
making decisions. Men and women serving as elected representatives, directors or
officers are accountable to the membership. In primary cooperatives, members have
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equal voting rights of one-member, one-vote. Cooperatives at other levels are organized
in the same democratic manner.
3. Member Economic Participation – Members contribute to, and democratically
control the capital of their cooperative. At least part of that capital is the common
property of the cooperative. They shall receive limited compensation or limited interest,
if any, on capital subscribed and paid as a condition of membership. Members allocate
surpluses for any or all of the following purposes: developing the cooperative by setting
up reserves, part of which should at least be indivisible; benefiting members in proportion
to their patronage of the cooperative’s business, and supporting activities approved by the
membership.
4. Autonomy and Independence – Cooperatives are autonomous, self-help
organizations controlled by their members. If they enter into agreements with other
organizations, including government, or raise capital from external sources, they shall do
so on terms that ensure democratic control of their members and maintain their
cooperative autonomy.
5. Education, Training and Information – Cooperatives shall provide education
and training for their members, elected and appointed representatives, managers, and
employees, so that they can contribute effectively and efficiently to the development of
their cooperatives.
6. Cooperation among Cooperatives – Cooperatives serve their members most
effectively and strengthen the cooperative movement by working together through local,
national, regional, and international structures.
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7. Concern for Community – Cooperatives work for the sustainable development
of their communities through policies approved by their members.
According to Abasolo (2000), a cooperative shall provide maximum economic
benefit to its members, teach them the efficient ways of doing things and new ideas in
business and management and allow the lower income groups to increase their ownership
in the wealth of the nation.
Importance of Credit System
As stated by Miranda (2001), the importance of money in the nation’s economy
has been clearly indicated and clearly stressed. However, inspite of its multi-varied
functions, money is far from enough. In fact, if all economic activities were to rely on the
use of money alone, production would tend to show down its pace and so with
consumption. The consequent result will therefore be a lowering of standards of living.
Hence, the need for a system of credit for a reason that the extension of credit is
quite simple. People buy things that they cannot afford to pay for at the moment, but
probably can pay for in the long run. Certain merchandise is too expensive to pay for at
once but it maybe a useful one for a period of ten or fifteen years, and people are willing
to deny themselves for a little good many things in order to own the merchandise. In such
cases, credit is not dangerous.
Nature and Characteristics of Credit
As further stated by Miranda (2001), by the very nature, credit which is defined as
“the ability to obtain a thing of vale in exchange for a promise to pay with money or
something equally satisfactpry to the seller or creditor at some future time” represents
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both as a power and obligation on the part of the debtor. On the other hand, to the
creditor, credit signifies the existence of a legal and moral right as well as an expectation
of the fulfillment of the promise.
As a power, credit enables the individual to stretch his purchasing ability, that is,
obtain goods and services which otherwise the individual would be without with the lack
of account if not total absence of cash at that particular time. Evidently, credit in this
sense expresses the ability of the debtor to obtain goods or services on the basis of the
seller’s or lender’s belief that payment will be made by the debtor as promised in
accordance with their agreement. Such equivalent which is promised to be paid in the
future may consist of either goods or services. Generally speaking however, in common
practice, credit obligations are discharged through an offer of a sum of money.
As an obligation on the part of the debtor, credit represents a legal and moral
responsibility to honor his promise or commitment which has arisen out of a past
transaction. As such, credit may be said as quantitative and, therefore, capable of some
definite measurement, that is, the credit of an individual or firm must necessarily be
equal, if not more than, the total amount of the indebtedness incurred.
Social Impact Assessment
From Wikipedia (2008), A Social Impact Assessment is a methodology to review
the social effects including the processes of analyzing, monitoring and managing
intended and unintended social consequences, both positive and negative, of planned
interventions and any social change processes invoked by those interventions. Its primary
purpose is to bring about a more sustainable and equitable biophysical and human
environment.
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Cooperative Movement as a Solution
to World Problem
Excerpt from a speech of during the Asian Credit Union Forum. De Castro
(2005), the cooperative movement in the country, particularly the savings and credit
cooperative sector, is a growing movement and is making palpable contribution to the
local economy. In fact, in many communities that remain un-served by formal financial
institutions, savings and credit cooperatives are the main if not the only source of
financing for a great majority of our population.
Cooperatives in the country are important part of our national development and
that they are here to stay because they are part of a big movement that has taken root and
continue to grow in Asia.
Significance of Cooperatives
Anonymous (2009), Cooperatives, as economic enterprises and as self-help
organizations, play a meaningful role in uplifting the socio-economic conditions of their
members and their local communities. Over the years, cooperative enterprises have
successfully operated locally owned people-centered businesses while also serving as
catalysts for social organization and cohesion. With their concern for their members and
communities, they represent a model of economic enterprise that places high regard for
democratic and human values and respect for the environment. As the world today faces
unstable financial systems, increased insecurity of food supply, growing inequality
worldwide, rapid climate change and increased environmental degradation, it is
increasingly compelling to consider the model of economic enterprise that cooperatives
offer. The cooperative sector, especially in developing countries, also presents itself as an
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important element that can contribute to the realization of the Millennium Development
Goals (MDG’s) by 2015.
The cooperative enterprise is also relevant in addressing the problem of food
security. The cooperative enterprise also presents an important model as many of the
world’s poorest and disadvantaged face social exclusion, lack of access to opportunities
and growing economic inequality. As the uneven effects of globalization have led to a
rise in the unregulated informal economy, workers in the informal sector have formed
shared service cooperatives and associations to assist in their self-employment. In rural
areas, savings and credit cooperatives provide access to banking services which are
lacking in many communities. Credit cooperatives also play on important role in the
formation of small and micro businesses. They can affect the kind of financial
“deepening” that the World Bank envisages, as they consistently reach the poor in a
sustainable way.
Cooperatives may not be the solution to the world’s problems, but they are
certainly part of the solution. An International Year of Cooperatives can firm up the
international will to strengthen cooperatives and in so doing help achieve MDG’s and
alleviate world crises.
Socio-economic Impact Analysis
Anonymous (2007) Socio-economic impact analysis is designed to assist
communities in making decisions that promote long term sustainability, including
economic prosperity, a healthy community, and social well being. It is a proposed
development that may increase employment in the community and create demand for
more affordable settlement. Both effects are easily quantifiable. Also of importance,
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however, are the perceptions of community members about whether the proposed
development is consistent with a commitment to preserving the rural character of the
community. Assessing community perceptions about development requires the use of
methods capable of revealing often complex and unpredictable community values.
The socio-economic impacts of a proposed development on a community may
actually begin the day the project is proposed. Changes in social structure and
interactions among community members may occur once the new development is
proposed to the community. In addition, real, measurable and often significant effects on
human environment can begin to take place as soon as there are changes in social or
economic conditions. From the time the earliest announcement of a pending policy
change or development project, attitudes toward the project are formed, interest groups
and other coalitions prepare strategies, speculations may lock up potentially important
properties, and politicians can maneuver for position.
Socio-economic Contribution of Cooperatives
Lumiqued (1993) as stated by Toribio (2009), a cooperative teaches its members
how to spend money wisely and save. It develops self-reliance, social awareness among
its service people. It encourages people to prosper through their own cooperative efforts
and legitimate income and wealth to be fairly distributed among its members. A
cooperative does not exploit consumers and its employees but plays a vital role in the
victory of socialism.
Towang (2002) as cited by Toribio (2009), cooperative also believes that social
responsibility is included as one of its principles, the concern for community in which
they operated. Cooperatives like other enterprises have seen their operation significantly
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affected by external challenges in the political and economic environment. This includes
the impact of structural adjustments and economic liberation.
Definition of Terms
Member – includes a person either natural or judicial who, adhering to the
principle set forth in the cooperative code and in the articles of cooperation, has been
admitted by the cooperative as member.
Board of Directors – body entrusted with the management of the affairs of the
cooperative under its articles of cooperation and by-laws.
Credit Cooperative – one that promotes and undertakes savings and lending
services among its members. It generates a common pool of funds to provide financial
assistance and other related financial services to its members for productive and
provident purposes.
Credit – means the borrowing of funds or money from one party to another, with a
promise of the latter party to pay the borrowed funds at a specified future time.
Socio-economic – is the study of the relationship between economic activity and
social life. It focuses on the social impact of some sort of economic change.
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METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study
The study was conducted in the principal office of Benteo Timpuyog Credit
Cooperative (BENTICCO) at Poblacion, Atok, Benguet. The study was conducted on
November to December 2009.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents were composed of officers who were chosen through purposive
random sampling and total enumeration of members of the cooperative. For the
community people the barangay officials were also chosen for personal interviews in
confirmation regarding the implemented projects of the cooperative.
Data Collection
A survey questionnaire and a data sheet was used to gather information. The
researcher personally visited the area and obtained the respondents from the list of
members and officers of the cooperative. The researcher supervised the answering of the
questionnaires to ensure that all questions are answered.
For the community people, the researcher personally visited and interviewed them
in their homes.
Data Collected
The data collected were the programs, activities or projects implemented by the
cooperative to improve the socio-economic status of members. It’s economic
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contribution, the benefits derived by members and the problems encountered by the
cooperative in implementing its socio-economic projects.
Data Analysis
The data gathered were classified and analyzed using simple statistical tools such
as frequency counts, percentages and the results were interpreted in accordance with the
objectives of the study.
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Respondents’ Profile
The personal profile of the respondents was presented in Table 1. The profile
included their age, sex, civil status, educational attainment, and household annual income
and sources of income.
Age. Most (37.10%) of the respondents were between the age of 41-50 years old
followed by the age bracket 51-60 years old with 29.03%, 31- 40 years old with 17.74%,
21-30 years old with 11.29%, 71-80 years old with 3.23%, and 61 - 70 years old with
1.69%. The result shows that majority of the respondents were of middle age approaching
the old age.
Sex. Majority (64.52%) of the respondents were female and only 35.48% were
male. Results of personal interviews reveals that the male respondents has a lesser time of
attending and participating in the cooperative’s activities because they were pre-occupied
with farm maintenance and other livelihood activities to sustain the daily needs of the
family, thus they entrusted to their wives the membership to the cooperative.
Educational attainment. The finding shows that all of the respondents had
undergone formal education. Half (50%) of them were able to reach the secondary level,
29.03% pursued to a college degree while 3.23% finished a vocational course. There
were 17.74% who had reached only elementary level. According to them, they were not
able to continue because of the lack of financial support from their parents.
Annual income. The respondent’s earnings were based on the occupation they
have and were measured yearly. Most (41.94%) of the respondents had an annual income
of P51,000- P100,000 followed by P50,000 and below income bracket with 40.32%. Next
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was the income bracket of P101,000- P150,000 with 9.68% followed by the income
bracket of P 151,000- P 200,000 with 4.84%. There were only very few (3.22%) who
received an income of P201,000 and above.
The finding shows that majority of the members had an annual income of
P100.000 and below considering that most of them are farmers.
Sources of income. The sources of income of the respondents were as follows:
agricultural production, specifically vegetable farming and animal raising, salaries as
government employees, wages as skilled laborers, and from business.
Majority (58.07%) get their income directly from vegetable production followed
by 19.35% of the respondents who receives a monthly salary from the government. There
were 8.06% who get their income from being a skilled laborer and 4.84% get their
income from business operation.
This finding implies that majority of the members of the cooperative were
engaged in agricultural production.
Table 1. Profile of the respondents
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Age
21 – 30
7
11.29
31 – 40
11
17.74
41 – 50
23
37.10
51 – 60
18
29.03
Above 60 years old
3
4.84
TOTAL
62
100.00
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Table 1 continued …
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Sex
Male
22
35.48
Female
40
64.52
TOTAL
62
100.00
Civil Status
Single
10
16.13
Married
52
83.87
TOTAL
62
100.00
Educational Attainment
College graduate
18
29.03
Vocational graduate
2
3.23
Secondary level
31
50.00
Elementary level
11
17.74
TOTAL
62
100.00
Annual Income
P50,000 and below
25
40.32
P51,000 – P100,000
26
41.94
P101,000 – P150,000
6
9.68
P151,000 – P200,000
3
4.84
P201,000 and above
2
3.22
TOTAL
62
100.00
Sources of Income
Farming
42
67.75
Employment/work
12
19.35
Wages as skilled laborer
5
8.06
Business
3
4.84
TOTAL
62
100.00
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Purpose in Joining the Cooperative
Table 2 shows the purposes of the respondents in joining the cooperative. Most
(42.67%) of them indicated that their purpose in joining the cooperative is to avail loan
and patronage refund. Twenty four or 38.67% mentioned that they joined the cooperative
to benefit from the cooperative’s services and programs, 13.33% said they joined the
cooperative to have additional knowledge about cooperative and 5.33% joined to take
part and learn from the activities of the cooperative. The finding implies that the main
purpose of the members in joining the cooperative was to benefit from the service,
activities, and programs of the cooperative rather than to take part in its activities and
learn from it.
Number of Years in the Cooperative
Number of years as a member. Most of the respondents (48.65%) had been a
member of the cooperative for 6-10 years, 37.84% for 1-5 years, and 13.51% for 11-15
years (Table 3). The result shows that majority of them were members of the cooperative
for less than ten years. The cooperative had been operating for 12 years and there were
very few members at the initial year.
Table 2. Purposes in joining the cooperative
PURPOSES
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
To avail of loan and patronage refund
26
42.67
To benefit from the cooperative services
24
38.67
To have additional knowledge about cooperative
8
13.33
To take part and learn from the activities
3
5.33
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Table 3. Number of years in the cooperative as member/officer
NUMBER OF YEARS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
As Member of the Cooperative
1 – 5
14
37.84
6 – 10
18
48.65
11 – 15
5
13.51
TOTAL
37
100.00
As Officer of the Cooperative
1
4
20.00
2
7
35.00
3
5
25.00
10
4
20.00
TOTAL
20
100.00
Number of years as an officer. Most (35%) of the officers sat in their position for
at least 2 years while 25% were able to complete 3 years which is the maximum term of
an officer. 20% of the officers has maintained their leadership for 10 years due to good
standing and performance. 20% also are new sets of officers to rule in the cooperative
(Table 3). The finding reveals that the officers can maintain in position in 1 year or more
as long as they had the capability to do so.
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Social Activities of the Cooperative Participated
by the Respondents
The social activities and programs of the cooperative participated by the
respondents were as follows: general assembly meetings, trainings and seminars, clean-
up drive, and tree planting. All the respondents participated in the general assembly
meetings and trainings and seminars. Only 12.94% and 5.88%, respectively, participated
in the tree planting and clean-up drive (Table 4). This finding shows that very few
members of the cooperative participate to cooperative activities for the community.
Social Impact of the Cooperative to the Members
Table 5 presents the social impact of these social activities to the personal;
development of the members. Most (35.38%)of the respondents had developed their self-
confidence and self- reliance followed by 33.33% of them whose knowledge about
cooperative improved, 17.69% had improved their skills in livelihood activities while
8.16% had improved their managerial capabilities and 5.44% had more acquaintances
and friends. This shows that greater percentage of the respondents were able to improve
their personalities through the activities conducted by the cooperative.
Table 4. Social activities of the cooperative participated by the respondents
SOCIAL ACTIVITIES
FREQUENCY* PERCENTAGE
General assembly meeting
62
100.00
Trainings and seminars
62
100.00
Clean-up drive
4
6.15
Tree Planting
8
12.90
*Multiple response
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Table 5. Social impact of the cooperative to the respondents
SOCIAL IMPACT
FREQUENCY* PERCENTAGE
Developed self-confidence and self-reliance
52
35.38
Improved skills in livelihood activities
26
17.69
Improved managerial capabilities
12
8.16
Improved knowledge about cooperative
49
33.33
More acquaintances and friends
8
5.44
*Multiple response
This finding implies that the cooperative was able to influence the social life of
the members through its social activities.
Extent of Patronizing the Credit Service and
Availment of Patronage Refund
Table 6 shows the extent of patronage of the credit service by the respondents and
the factors that the respondents considered in availing of the credit service as well as the
extent of availing patronage refund by the respondents.
Patronage of the credit service. Majority (68.42%) of the members pointed out
that the credit service was fully patronized while 31.58% indicated that the service was
moderately patronized. This implies that majority of the members availed of the credit
service of the cooperative.
Factors affecting loan availment. The factors which the members consider as
important in availing of the credit service of the cooperative were as follows: low interest
considered by 80.65%, loan is based on fixed deposit and credit standing of the member
by 56.45%, fast release of loan by 25.81%, long term payment of loan by 12.90%, and
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4.84% each for less requirement and high patronage refund and interest on capital. This
finding implies that members consider interest rate, the amount to be granted which is
based on the fixed deposit, the time of processing and release of the loan, and the term of
the loan when they avail of the credit service.
Availment of patronage refund. A great majority of the respondents (91.23%)
indicated fully availed the patronage refund while 8.77% stated that they have
moderately availed. This proves the earlier finding that they fully patronized the loan
service. This finding implies that members who are availing of the loan service are given
patronage refund at the end of the year. This is a form of savings by the members. They
use the credit for their capital or personal consumption and out of the interest they pay for
the use of money, they get a refund for contributing to the net surplus of the cooperative.
This is the main feature of the cooperative that makes if different from other businesses.
Table 6. Extent of patronizing the credit service and availing patronage refund, and the
factors considered in availing the credit service by the respondents
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Extent of Patronizing the Credit Service
Fully patronizing
39
68.42
Moderately patronizing
18
31.58
TOTAL
57
100.00
Extent of Availing Patronage Refund
Fully patronizing
52
91.23
Moderately patronizing
5
8.77
TOTAL
57
100.00
*Multiple response
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Table 6 continued …
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY* PERCENTAGE
Factors considered in Patronizing the Credit Service
Low interest rate
50
80.65
Loan is based on fixed deposit
35
56.45
Fast release of loan
17
27.42
No collateral on loan
16
25.81
Long term payment of loan
8
12.90
High patronage refund
3
4.84
Less requirement
3
4.84
* Multiple response
Uses of Loan by the Respondents
Table 7 shows the uses of the loan availed by the respondents. Majority
respondents indicated agricultural production as the primary use of the loan they availed.
Eighty sex percent used it for vegetable production and 15.79% used it for animal
production. About 51% used their loan for hospitalization. This shows that the
cooperative played a very important role in providing funds for paying hospital bills and
buying medicines. Furthermore, some members (8.77%) used their loan for buying basic
commodities. Some of them (38.60%) and 17.54% used their loan as business capital and
for paying tuition fees of their children. The result shows that the members used their
loans for provident and productive purposes.
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Reasons in Patronizing the Cooperative
Table 8 presents the reasons of the respondents in patronizing their cooperative.
There were 45.95% who said they are patronizing the service of the cooperative because
they want to maintain their membership in the cooperative. The other reasons mentioned
were: to have patronage refund by 35.09% and to help build the cooperative by another
35.09%. This members have different reasons in patronizing their cooperative.
Table 7. Uses of loan from the cooperative
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY*
PERCENTAGE
Vegetable Production
49
86.00
Animal Raising
9
15.79
Hospitalization
29
50.88
Purchase Basic Commodities
5
8.77
Business Capital
22
38.60
Tuition fee of Children
10
17.54
* Multiple response
Table 8. Reasons of the respondents in patronizing the cooperative service
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY*
PERCENTAGE
To maintain membership
34
59.65
To have patronage refund
20
35.09
To help build the fund of the cooperative
20
35.09
* Multiple response
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Economic Impact of the Cooperative to the
Members and the Community
Economic impact to members. Aside from the social impact of the cooperative to
the members, the more important one is its economic impact. Table 9 reveals the
indicators of improvement among the respondents since they became a member in the
cooperative. The indicators are as follows: improved house, increased assets, increased
income from business, children were sent to school and loans and interests were paid on
time. Majority (77.19%) of the respondents indicated that their assets increased because
they were able to purchase appliances and farm implements. There were 22.12% who
pointed out that their income from business increased, 28.07% were able to send their
children to school, 26.32% were able to pay their loans and its interest on time, and
10.53% were able to improve their house. The finding implies that the cooperative was
able to improve the economic status of the members through its services.
Contributions to the community. The main contribution of the cooperative to the
community was that they had a clean and green environment because of their clean-up
drive and tree planting activities. This was stated by 87.10% of the respondents. The
other two important contributions of the cooperative were the cemented pathway
indicated by 12.90 % and the road improvement mentioned by 20.97%. People in the
community were happy because even though they are not members of the cooperative
they are benefited from these projects. The barangay officials mentioned that they are
very thankful to the members and officers of the cooperative for helping them to improve
their community.
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Table 9. Economic contributions of the cooperative to the members and to the community
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY* PERCENTAGE
Economic Contributions to the Members
Increased assets
44
77.19
Increased income in business
23
40.35
Children are sent to school
16
28.07
Loans and interest are paid on time
15
26.32
Improved house
6
10.53
Contribution to the Community
Clean and green community
54
87.10
Road improvement
13
20.97
Cemented pathways
8
12.90
* Multiple response
Problems Encountered in Implementing
the Socio-Economic Activities
Table 10 shows the problems encountered by the cooperative in the
implementation of their activities, programs, and projects. The problems indicated were
as follows: lack of cooperation among the members of the cooperative given by 32.26%.
Second is the lack of financial capital pointed out by 19.35%. According to the
respondents, the cooperative could conduct more social activities that would benefit the
members and the community as a whole if they have more funds to finance the activities.
Furthermore, the cooperative could not expand its services to the members because of
limited capital. It observed that the operation is somewhat stagnant due of the small
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Table 10. Problems encountered by the cooperative in implementing socio-economic
activities
PROBLEMS
FREQUENCY* PERCENTAGE
Lack of cooperation
20
32.26
Lack of financial capital
12
19.35
Lack of equipment
8
12.9
Difficulty in making linkages
5
8.10
* Multiple response
financial asset of the cooperative. This was because of the limited membership and some
are afraid to apply for a loan and some were not conscious on the time of repaying their
loans which caused the stagnant operation due to the slow cash flow. Another was the
lack of equipment mentioned by 17.78%. The BOD chairman said they don’t have
enough equipment and manpower with the managerial capability to supervise the
operation of the cooperative. Some respondents also mentioned difficulty in making
linkages with other organizations or institutions. Interviews with some members and
officers revealed that these problems were encountered mainly because every member
and officer of the cooperative cannot swallow their pride; everyone wants to be
appreciated and be recognized with every work they do. This maybe affected by the level
of education every member had, the one’s who had a college degree wants to be superior
over the others.
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Recommendations of the Respondents for the
Improvement of the Cooperative
Table 11 shows the recommendations of the respondents for the further
improvement of the service of the cooperative. Majority of the respondents recommended
an improvement of capital build-up strategy in order to increase their capital and solve
the problem of lack of capital. Expansion of the membership to other barangays was
suggested by 64.52%. Loan uses should be properly monitored to check if the loan was
used to what it was intended for by 48.39% and 32.26% recommended that loan
delinquency control should be strictly imposed and also remind borrowers of their loan so
that they would not be overdue.
Table 11. Recommendations for the improvement of the cooperative
RECOMMENDATIONS
FREQUENCY* PERCENTAGE
Improve capital-build-up
40
64.56
Expand membership
40
64.56
Monitoring of loan purposes and uses
30
48.39
Improve loan delinquency control and repayment
20
32.26
consciousness
* Multiple response
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SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
This study was conducted to assess the socio-economic impact of Benteo
Timpuyog Credit Cooperative, determine the programs, activities, or projects
implemented by the cooperative, find out its contribution to the socio-economic progress
of its members and the community, and determine the problems encountered by the
cooperative in implementing its project. This study was conducted from December 2009
to January 2010 with 57 registered members of Benteo Timpuyog Credit Cooperative and
five (5) members of the community as respondents. It was found out that majority of the
members were female, mostly married, with ages between 41-60 years old, and had an
income range of P100,000 and below annually. Most of them had finished post secondary
education, so, majority of them were engaged in vegetable farming and some were
salaried employees in the government. Most of them were members in the cooperative
ten (10) years and below, most of the officers also had two (20 years being an officers
and the community respondents had resided in the area for almost 40 years.
The programs, activities or projects implemented by the cooperative were general
assembly meeting, which was mostly attended by the members followed by the trainings
and seminars. These activities contributed a lot to the improvement of the social status of
the members such that most of them develop their self-confidence and self-reliance and
had improved their knowledge about cooperative. Other projects are road improvement,
cemented pathways and clean-up drive which contributed to the economic progress of the
community.
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The members mentioned several benefits derived from the service of the
cooperative. With the loans they availed, they had a capital for their agricultural
production and their business, they were able to send their children to school and buy the
things they needed. With the emergency loan, the respondents were able to pay their
hospital bills and buy their medicines. Most especially that most cases of illness are
unexpected. They were able to repay their loans and interest on time and able to purchase
their basic needs in times of emergencies. Which they would not have done without the
service. However, they mentioned some problems that they encountered in the
implementation of their socio-economic activities and regarding their service. Majority
pointed out that the main problem that they met was lack of cooperation among the
members and officers due to lack of knowledge regarding the operation of the
cooperative. They also stated that they lack financial aspect, meaning more fund to
satisfy more member-borrowers. Most of the officers said that they lack implements/
tools to manage well the cooperative and lastly was that they had a difficulty in linkaging
tie-ups.
Conclusions
Based on the finding of the study, the following conclusions were derived:
1. Majority of the respondents are females, mostly married with age ranging 41-
60 years old, finished secondary level of education, some pursued a college degree,
engaged in agricultural production and with an annual income of P100, 000 and below.
2. Majority of the respondents were able to improve their socio-economic status
with the activities, programs and projects implemented/ conducted by the cooperative.
With its service, the respondents were able to send their children to school, improve their
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house, buy some additional appliances and also they were able to repay their loans and its
interest on time. For the community, the cooperative was able to contribute to the road
improvement and to the clean and green environment. In the social aspect, most of the
members were able to develop their self-confidence and self-reliance and were able to
learn more about cooperative.
3. The officers and members of the cooperative encountered a problem in
implementing their service and the socio-economic activities because of the lack of
cooperation of each and every member and lack of funds to finance these activities.
Recommendations
1. The education committee should be properly taught and learned enough to in
order for them to conduct Pre-membership education seminar (PMES) effectively and
efficiently such that the incoming members had already derived knowledge regarding the
operation of the cooperative.
2. “Cooperation is the key to success”, this should be the main goal of each
member and officer in order for the cooperative to optimize its growth and improvement
if it was well managed with joined hands. Selfishness should be minimized; everybody
should share their knowledge but should never boast it.
3. Membership should be at least open to municipal wide because additional
members are additional assets not just financially, it also adds to the manpower that could
contribute to the further growth and improvement of the cooperative.
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LITERATURE CITED
ABASOLO, P. A. 2000. Cooperative in the Philippines- History, Organization, and
Management. p. 8.
ANONYMOUS, 2007. Socio-economic Impact Analysis. Retrieved: November 26,2009
http://www.lic.wisc.edu/shapingdane/facilitation/allresources/impacts/analysis_
socio.html
ANONYMOUS, 2008. Republic Act No. 9520 Philippine Cooperative Code of 2008.
pp. 1-2.
ANONYMOUS, 2009. Significance of Cooperatives. Retrieved: July 31, 2009. .http://
www.un.org/esa/socdev/social/cooperatives/documents/survey/background
CASTRO, N. 2005. Speeches on Cooperatives. Retrieved September 30, 2009 from http:
//www.kabayannoli.com/speehes/CREDIT.html
MIRANDA, G. 2001. Essentials of Money, Credit and Banking. pp. 97 -99.
TORIBIO, J.C. 2009. Socio-economic Contribution of Adoyon Cooperative in Tuel,
Tublay, Benguet. P. 5.
WIKIPEDIA, 2008. Retrieved: August 16, 2008 from.http: // en .wikipedia. org. /wiki
/social impact
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APPENDIX A
Survey Questionnaire
(For the Members)
Respondent No.: ____________
Date: _____________________
I. Profile of Respondents
Name of Respondent: ____________________________
Age: _______
Gender: _____Male _____Female
Civil Status: _____________
Educational Attainment: (please check)
_____ Elementary
_____ High School
_____ Vocational
_____ College
Number of years in Cooperative Membership: (please check)
_____ 1 – 5 years
_____ 6 – 10 years
_____ 11 – 15 years
_____ 16 – 20 years
Position in Cooperative: (if officer)
_____ Board of Directors
_____ Committee Member
_____ General Manager
_____ Secretary
_____ Treasurer
_____ Bookkeeper
_____ Sales Clerk
_____ Posting Clerk
_____ Others, specify: ___________________________
Number of years as an officer / staff in the Cooperative: (please check)
_____ 1 year
_____ 2 years
_____ 3 years
_____ 6 years
_____ 8 years
_____ 10 years
Purpose in joining the Cooperative: (please check)
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_____ To avail loan and patronage refund.
_____ To have additional knowledge about cooperatives.
_____ To take part and learn in the Cooperative activities.
_____ To benefit from the Cooperative’s services.
_____ Others, specify: ___________________________________
Sources of Income: (please check)
_____ Vegetable Farming
_____ Animal Raising
_____ Employment / Work
_____ Wages as skilled workers / laborers
_____ Business
_____ Others, specify: ___________________________________
Annual Income:
· Total Farm Income:
Vegetable Production: ________________________________
Animal Raising: _____________________________________
· Non-farm Income: ___________________________________
· Other sources of Income, specify: _______________________
II. Cooperative Services Availed by Members
1. What are the Cooperative Services / Programs that you availed?
_____ Savings and Time Deposits
_____ Credit Services
_____ Consumers Services
_____ Others, specify: _________________________________
2. What are your purposes in availing loan services?
_____ Vegetable Production
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_____ Animal Raising
_____ For business Capital
_____ To build house
_____ To purchase lot
_____ Tuition fee of children
_____ House Improvement
_____ Hospitalization
_____ Placement fee of OFW Applicants
_____ Used to purchase basic commodities
_____ Others, specify: ___________________________________
2. What are your reasons in patronizing the Cooperative?
_____ To maintain membership
_____ To have patronage refund
_____ To help build the cooperative
_____ Others, specify: ___________________________________
3. Did the services you availed improve your socio-economic condition?
_____ Yes
_____ No
4. If yes, how did it improve your socio-economic condition?
_____ Improved House
_____ Increased Assets
_____ Increased Income from business
_____ Children are sent to school
_____ Loans and interests are paid on time
_____ Others, specify: _________________________________
5. If not, why?
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_____ Loan is not enough for capital
_____ Loan was not used for intended purpose
_____ Unexpected emergency circumstances
_____ Natural Calamities
_____ Others, specify: _________________________________
III.
Extent of Implementation of Cooperative Service
1. In your assessment, what is the extent of implementation of the credit
service of the Cooperative? (please check)
_____ Fully Implemented
_____ Moderately Implemented
_____ Fairly Implemented
_____ Poorly Implemented
2. In your assessment, what are the extent of patronage / availment of the
service of the cooperative?
_____ Fully Availed
_____ Moderately Availed
_____ Fairly Availed
_____ Poorly Availed
3. What are the facilitating factors to the moderate or full implementation,
patronage / availment of the Cooperative service?
_____ Low Interest
_____ No collateral on loans
_____ Fast release of loan
_____ Loans is according to fix deposits and credit standing
_____ High patronage refund / interest on capital
_____ Long term payment of loan
_____ Less Requirement
_____ Others, specify: _________________________________
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4. In your opinion, what are the factors for the fair or poor implementation,
availment and patronage of the cooperative service?
_____ High interest on loan
_____ Short term payment of loan
_____ Low patronage refund
_____Slow release / processing of loan
_____ Too much requirement
_____ Others, specify: _________________________________
5. What are your recommendations to improve the services of the
cooperative?
_____ Improve capital build-up of members
_____ Improve loan delinquency control, repayment consciousness
_____ Help expand membership
_____ Monitoring of loan purposes
_____ Others, specify: _________________________________
IV. Socio-economic impact of Cooperatives
A. Social
1. What are the social activities / programs of the Cooperative that you
had been participating? (please check)
_____ General Assembly Meeting
_____ Trainings and Seminars
_____ Clean-up Drive
_____ Tree Planting
_____ Others, specify: ________________________________
2. Do you consider these activities contributory in improving your social
attitude?
_____ Yes
_____ No
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3. If yes, what activities / programs contributed to your personal
development? (please check)
_____ General Assembly
_____ Training and Seminar
_____ Clean-up Drive
_____ Tree Planting
_____ Others, specify: ________________________________
4. How did it improve your social attitude? (please rank from 1-most
improved to 5-least improved)
_____ Develop self-confidence and self-reliance
_____ Improved skills in livelihood activities
_____ Improved managerial capabilities
_____ Improved knowledge about cooperative
_____ More acquaintance / camaraderie / belongingness
_____ Healthy environment
_____ Others, specify: ________________________________
B. Economic
1. What is the economic assistance you gained from being a member of
the cooperative? (please check)
_____ Financial Assistance
_____ Interest on share capital and savings
_____ Patronage refund
_____ Others, specify: _________________________________
2. What are the indicators of progress through the help of Cooperative in
your present condition? (please check)
_____ House Improvement
_____ Purchased Appliances
_____ Purchased House and Lot
_____ Purchased Farm Implements
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_____ Purchased Agricultural Land
_____ Children / household members sent to school
_____ Household members sent overseas (OFW)
_____ Others, specify: ________________________________
3. What are the contributions of Cooperative to the community? (please
check)
_____ Road Improvement
_____ Cemented Pathways
_____ Construction of bridges
_____ Clean and Green Environment
_____ Others, specify: _________________________________
V. How can you rate the before and after effect of the organization of the
cooperative?
VARIABLES
BEFORE AFTER
1. Social
Participation to cooperative activities
Participation to community activities
Others, specify
2. Economic
Increase in income
Expand business
Able to bring children to school
Improve house
Bought appliances
Others, specify
Scale: 1- low participation / improvement
2- moderate participation / improvement
3- high participation / improvement
THANK YOU VERY MUCH and GOD BLESS!
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Assessment Of Socio-Economic Im pact Of Benteo Timpuyog Credit Cooperative
(BENTICCO) In Atok, Benguet / Meldrin B. Marcelino. 2010
Document Outline
- Assessment of Socio-economicImpact of Benteo Timpuyog Credit Cooperative (BENTICCO) in Atok, Benguet
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- METHODOLOGY
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDIX