BIBLIOGRAPHY DAPROZA, LEO C. APRIL 2009....

BIBLIOGRAPHY
DAPROZA, LEO C. APRIL 2009. Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for
Organic Production in La Trinidad, Benguet. Benguet State University.
Adviser: Janet P. Pablo, MSc.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to: determine the agronomic characteristics of true
potato seed progeny for organic production; identify TPS progeny based on tuber
qualities; and to select the best tuber families with good yield and resistant to pests and
diseases for organic production. True potato seeds were collected from the different
potato producing areas in Benguet Province.

Seven progenies were evaluated under screen house and field conditions.
Differences among the progenies were noted for vigor and tuber yield. TPS 15 potato
progeny had the highest percent survival while TPS 14 and TPS 11 potato progenies had
the least. Potato progenies TPS 15, TPS 12, and TPS 16 were observed to be vigorous
and resistant to late blight.
The highest yielding progeny was TPS 15 with 4,380 g/15m2. Uniformity of tuber
qualities, length of stolon and tuber set were not significantly different among the potato
progenies TPS 16 progeny had the most uniform flesh color. TPS 15 produced the
highest number of tubers per hill.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
Bibliography……………………..…………………………………………… i
Abstract………………………………………………………………………..
i
Table of contents……………………………………………………………… ii
INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………… 1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE…………………………………………………
4
MATERIALS AND METHODS……………………………………………
8
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………………………………
16
Climatic Data…………………………………………………………
16
Chemical Properties of the Soil………………………………………
16
Seedling Vigor and Uniformity Under the Screen house ……………
18
Percent Plant Survival…………………………………………………
19
Plant Vigor………………………………………………………………. 19
Late Blight Infection……………………………………………………… 22
Leaf Miner Incidence…………………………………………………
22

Number and Weight of marketable tubers per 5 m2…………………… 23

Number and Weight of non-marketable

tubers per 5 m2………………………………………………………… 23

Total Yield per5 m2 ……………………………………………………
25

Uniformity of Harvested Progenies……………………………………
25
Maturity
of
Progenies…………………………………………………
26

Length of Stolons……………………………………………………..
27
Tuber
Set………………………………………………………………
27
iii

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION………………
28
LITERATURE CITED………………………………………………………
30
APPENDICES……………………………………………………………… 32

iv

INTRODUCTION

Potato which is a major food crop of temperate countries has the potential to
substitute or supplement rice, especially at present day that the Philippines are now facing
chronic shortage on rice. Potato has a desirable characteristic including high nutritive
value and a short life which is good substitute for rice.
In the Philippines, potato is grown in Benguet, Bukidnon, Pangasinan, Lanao Del
Norte, Nueva Ecija and North Cotabato. Among these provinces, Benguet is the major
producer of potato because of its climate which is suitable to the production of tubers
(Kalaw, 1987).

In the midst of 1960’s, the Philippines adopted the Green Revolution technology
for agricultural development. This technology had been successful in alleviating hunger
and malnutrition in the country, however, the excessive use of synthetic fertilizers,
pesticides and herbicides have contributed to soil degradation, depletion of ground water,
increase in the virulence of pests and diseases and genetic erosion.
In the highlands, potato production has a serious problem on the occurrence of
pests and diseases due to the traditional method of producing seed tubers as planting
materials for successive generations. Another problem is soil degradation due to the
continuous application of synthetic chemicals in crop production. These practices of
farmers, however, results in reduction of crop yield.
An alternative solution to solve these problems is the use of true potato seed as
planting materials under organic production. A true potato seed is a cheap source of
planting material of high quality as it reduces the transmission of seed borne pathogens
(Viet, 1993). It also minimizes transportation and storage problems, thus, the use of true
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potato seeds minimize the cost of seeds (Ganga, et al. 1998). According to Fehr (1987), a
few hundred grams of true potato seeds (TPS) would substitute for tons of seed tubers.
True potato seeds (TPS) technology therefore, could be used successfully as planting
material in the potato production.
In addition, Balaoing (2006) stated that organic materials application improves
soil’s physical, chemical and biological conditions that can enhance the quality of potato
production. By growing organic crops, farmers will increase their incomes since the price
of such crops can reach two or three times more than the conventionally grown crops.

It is therefore important to conduct researches on evaluation and screening of
potato plants under organic production to identify varieties suited to the locality due to
the changing agro-climatic conditions and at the same time replace old varieties that yield
have degenerated.
The result of this study will provide idea for the farmers in the highlands on the
importance of true potato seed as planting material under organic farming.

The study was conducted to:

1. determine the agronomic characteristics of the true potato seeds (TPS) progeny
for organic production;

2. identify true potato seeds progeny based on the tuber qualities; and
3. select the best tuber families with good yield and resistance to pests and
diseases for organic production.

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Time and Place of Study
The study was conducted at Benguet State University Experimental Station, Balili
La Trinidad, Benguet from October 2008 to March 2009.

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REVIEW OF LITERATURE

True Potato Seeds

True potato seeds (TPS) was obtained from berries growing on top portion of the
potato plant while a single berry may contain up to several hundred seeds (CIP, 1984).
Pungsayan et al. (1985) states that true potato seeds are sometimes called botanical seeds
because it is the result of sexual reproduction.

The use of true potato seeds is a new technology developed during the mid 1980’s
by the Food Crops Research Institute (FCRI) with the open pollinated progeny of the
cultivar CFK-69-1 and Atzimba which is designed to provide a low cost alternative
production and substitute for virus free tuber stock which are very expensive and difficult
to produce (Rasco et al., 1997).

At present, research efforts by potato workers in developing countries are in
progress towards the development of true potato seeds (TPS) technology as an alternative
to the conventional mode of potato propagation by using seed tubers (Thakur et al.,
1992).

In the Philippines, true potato seeds become a useful production especially in
Mindanao, where potato yields are quite low due to poor seed tuber quality, in which at
present , transplanting and the use of seed tubers produced from true potato seeds are now
employed in this area (CIP, 1984).

Advantages and Disadvantages of Using True Potato Seeds (TPS)
Production from true potato seeds instead of seed tubers would have many
advantages. Since the country does not regularly import fresh batch of seeds and there is
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no local systems for producing clean stocks, farmers had to use seed stocks that are
progressively degenerated which is low in quality that results to reduction of yield year
after year, but the true potato seed technology provides an easy way of renewing seeds
stocks on a regular basis (Ganga et al., 1998).

In an experiment conducted to compare the amount of virus infection of a true
potato seed and clonal crop potatoes, result revealed that diseases like PVS, PVM and
PVZ have low incidence in fields grown of true potato seed crops compared to fields
grown with clonal crop potatoes (Viet, 1993).

The true potato seed technology has been tried and verified and was found to have
the following advantages: it is a clean source of planting material either as transport or
seedling tuber, easy to transport and handle, cheap and significantly reduces the cost of
production compared to the use of seed tubers (Ganga,et al., 1998).

True potato seed production, however, has the disadvantages of labor and time
requirement, the need to ensure a sufficient supply of botanical seed which is not easy to
produce in the main potato growing areas of the country, and potential non-uniformity in
the produce (Singh et al., 1992).

Importance of Organic Farming

Organic farming can be defined as an approach to agriculture where the aim is to
create integrated, humane, environmentally and economically sustainable agricultural
production systems, which maximize reliance on farm-derived renewable resources and
management of ecological processes and interactions, so as to provide acceptable levels
of crops, livestock and human condition, production from pest and diseases and
appropriate return to the human and other resources employed (Lampkin, 1994).
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Glen
et al. (1995) states that organic farming is regarded much more as away of
thinking and of living than just technology used to produce food. Kristiansen et al. ﴾1994)
defined organic farming as holistic production management system which promotes and
enhances agro-ecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil
biological activity.

Balaoing (2006) stated that organic material application improves the soil
physical, chemical and biological conditions that can probably enhance the quality of
potato tuber processing.
The key characteristics of organic farming include protecting the long-term
fertility of the soils by maintaining organic matter levels by fostering soil biological
activity and careful mechanical intervention and providing crop nutrients indirectly by
using relatively insoluble nutrient sources which are made Available to the plant by the
action of soil microorganisms (Lampkin et al., 1994). Furthermore, Newton (2004)
claimed that organic farming has to be both productive, ecological and the resulting food
has to be excellent.

Definition of Compost
Composting is the natural processes of decomposing and recycling organic
materials into humus-rich soil amendment by the successive action of bacteria, fungi,
actinomycete, and earthworms (Chen et al., 2005). Compost is partially decomposed
plant matter which, when added to the soil, can improve the soil structure and add
nutrients to the soil.

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Importance of Compost
Compost does several things to benefit the soil that inorganic fertilizers can not
do, in sandy soils, compost act as a sponge to help retain water in the soil that would
otherwise drain down below to reach the plant roots which can help to protect the plants
against droughts (Loque, 2007).
Palaroan (2006) cited that compost contains reasonable levels of nitrogen,
phosphorus, and potassium silica and enough carbon or fibrous materials to improve the
physical, chemical, biological properties of soil and granulates the soil particles.
Compost is an effective way to increase healthy plant production, help save
money, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, conserve natural resources and when
correctly applied it has the beneficial effects of soil properties, thus creating suitable
conditions for root development and consequently promoting higher yield and higher
quality crops (Chen et al., 2005). Pears et al. (1999) stated that when compost added to
the soil, compost feeds the teeming microscopic soil life, as a result, plant foods are made
available and the soil health and structure is improved.

Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
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MATERIALS AND METHODS

Germination of True Potato Seed
True potato seeds were directly sown in plastic trays in a sterilized medium
compost of sandy loam and ash (2:1 ratio). After sowing, watering was done as often as
necessary. Two weeks after emergence, the seedlings were pricked in a banana pot using
the same media.

The Farm

The experimental area used was transitioned to organic production seven years
ago. Rotations of crops such as beans, potato, and garden pea were practiced. The land
was fallowed for at least six months before the cropping season from September to
December. Corn was planted on the borders of the farm to serve as barrier while marigold
was planted in between beds to serve as pest repellants.

Land Preparation and Organic Fertilizer Application

The area was cleared of weeds and the soil was cultivated using a tractor. Plots
were prepared measuring 1 m x 5 m long. Mushroom compost at a rate of 10 kg/5 m2 was
evenly incorporated within the plot one month before transplanting.

Transplanting

The seedlings were transplanted six weeks after germination when the seedlings
have five to six leaves. Seedlings were transplanted within the side of the plot with their
roots covered with seed bed mixture. One seedling was transplanted per hill at a distance
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of 25 cm x 30 cm between rows and hills. After transplanting, seedlings were watered
immediately to prevent wilting and to ensure a better chance of survival.

Lay-out of the Experiment
An area of 105 m2 was prepared and subdivided into three blocks that served as
replication (Figure 1). Each block was subdivided into 7 plots measuring 1 m x 5 m
representing the seven treatments. The experiment was laid-out following the
Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications as follows:
Progenies
Locality
of
Collection

TPS
10 Buguias,
Benguet

TPS
11 Mankayan,
Benguet

TPS
12 Buguias,
Benguet

TPS
13 Buguias,
Benguet

TPS
14 Sagpat,
Benguet

TPS
15 Buguias,
Benguet

TPS
16
Sagpat,
Benguet

Cultural Management Practices

All necessary cultural management practices such as fertilizer application,
irrigation and hilling-up were done uniformly to all plots as necessary. Mushroom
compost was applied basally (10 kg / 5m2), two weeks before transplanting. No synthetic
pesticides were used.

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Figure 1. Overview of the study area at 45 days after transplanting

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Data Gathered
1. Climatic data. Meteorological data were taken from BSU- PAG-ASA Office.
2. Soil chemical properties. This was taken before planting and after harvest.

A. Screen house
3. Uniformity of seedlings. Plant vigor was taken at 28 days after sowing using
the rating scale:
Scale

Description

1
not
uniform

3
moderately
uniform

5
uniform
4. Seedling vigor. Plant vigor was taken at 28 days after sowing using the CIP
rating scale:

Scale

Description

Remarks

1

Plants are weak with few

Poor vigor

stems and leaves; very pale

2

Plants are weak with few thin
Less vigor

stems
and
leaves;
pale

3

Better than less vigorous
Moderately vigorous

4

Plants are moderately strong
Vigorous

With robust stems and leaves

5

Plants are strong with robust Highly vigorous

stems and leaves; leaves are

light
to
dark
green
in
color.

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B. Field
5. Plant survival. This is the percentage of plants that survived taken at 30 days
after transplanting (DAT) using the formula:
%Survival= Number of Transplants Survived x100
Total Numbers of Plants Transplanted

6. Plant vigor. Plant vigor was taken 30 and 45, 60 and 75 days after transplanting
using the CIP rating scale:
Scale
Description

Remarks
1
Plants are weak with few

Poor vigor

stems and leaves; very pale

2
Plants are weak with few thin

Less vigor
stems and leaves; pale

3

Better than less vigorous

Moderately vigorous

4

Plants are moderately strong

Vigorous
with robust stems and leaves

5 Plants are strong with robust Highly vigorous

stems and leaves; leaves are
light to dark green in color.

7. Late blight infection. Rating was done at 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after planting
using CIP (Henfling, 1982) rating scale as follows:
Blight

CIP Scale

Description
0

1

No blight to be seen
0-1-1

1

Very few plants in large
treatments with lesions. Not more 2
lesions per 10m of row (+/-30
plants).
1.1-3

2

Up to 10 small lesions per plant.
3.1-10

3

Up to 30 small lesions per plant
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Blight

CIP Scale

Description
or up to 1 each leaflets attached.
10.1-24

4

Most plants are visibly attached
by late blight, leaflets infected.
multiple infections per leaflets.

25-49

5

Nearly every leaflet with
lesions. Multiple infections per
leaflets are common. Field or plots
look green, but all plants in pots are
blighted.

50-74

6

Every plant blighted and half the leaf
area destroyed by blight fields look
green –flecked, and brown, blight is
very obvious.

75-90

7

As previous, but ¾ of each plant

blighted.
Lower
branches
maybe

overwhelmingly
killed
off,
and
the

only
green
leaves,
if
any,
are
spindly

due
to
extensive
foliage
loss.
Field

looks
neither
brown
nor
green.

91-97

8

Some leaves and most stems are
green.
Field
looks
brown
with
some

leaves patches.

97.1-99.9

9

Few green leaves almost all with

blight
lesions
remain.
Many
stem

lesions
look
brown.

100

10

All leaves and stems are dead.

Description: 1-Highly resistant; 2-3-Resistant; 4-5-Moderately resistant; 6-7-
Moderartely susceptible; 8-9-Susceptible.

8. Yield and Yield Components
a. Number and weight of marketable tubers per plot (g).All tubers that have
marketable size, marble size, not malformed, free from cuts, cracks and without more
than 10 % greening of the total surface were counted and weighed at harvest.
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b. Number and weight of non-marketable tubers per plot (g). These were obtained
by counting and weighing all tubers that are malformed, damaged by pests and diseases
and those with more than 10 % greening.
c. Total yield per plot (g). The sum of the weight of marketable and non-
marketable tubers were counted and weighed.
d. Uniformity of tubers. This was obtained after harvest using the following rating
scale:
Scale

Description

1 not
uniform

3 moderately
uniform
5 highly
uniform
e. Stolon length. This was taken after harvest using the following rating scale:
Scale

Description

3 short
(1-50
cm)

5 medium
(51-
100
cm)
7 long
(101
and
above)
f. Maturity. This was obtained after harvest using the following rating scale:
Scale

Description

3

early

5 medium

7

late

Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
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g. Tuber set. This was taken after harvest using the following rating scale:
Scale

Description

3 few
(0-3
tubers
per
hill)

5 medium
(4-6tubers
per
hill)

7

many (7-10 tubers per hill)

Analysis of Data
The data gathered were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for
Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The significance of differences among
treatment mean were tested using the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5 %
level of significance.

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Climatic Data
The monthly mean temperature, relative humidity and sunshine duration that
prevailed during the study was shown in Table 1. The monthly mean air temperature
ranged from 24.25 to 25.27 0C. During the month of March, air temperature was slightly
higher than the other months of the growing season. On the other hand, relative humidity
was lowest during the month of December and abruptly increased in the succeeding
months. The mean relative humidity was 84.5 %. HARRDEC (1996) reported that the
optimum temperature and relative humidity for potato production ranged from 17-22 0C
and 86 %, respectively. Rainfall was recorded throughout the study which may have
contributed to the occurrence of diseases especially late blight.

Chemical Properties of the Soil

Percent soil organic matter. Table 2 shows that the percent soil organic matter
before planting was 3.0 %. According to Lambert (1996), the normal percent organic
matter for potato production ranged from 1-4 %. This means that the organic matter
before planting was sufficient. Chen et al. (2005) stated that organic matter content of the
soil is usually used as an index of soil fertility.

It was observed that the amount of organic matter of the soil before planting and
after harvesting is the same despite the application of compost. This result was not
expected since potato needs high amount of nutrients. This could be due to the
application of mushroom compost in the area. According to Chen et al. (2005) the
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mushroom compost has a high fibrous material content that improves physical properties
and biological activity.
Soil pH. The pH of the soil before and after harvest was 5.6 which favors the
growth of potato since the optimum pH for potato is 5.6 to 6.5 (HARRDEC, 1996).
Percent Nitrogen. No change in the amount of nitrogen content of the soil was
observed. Although, according to Krisma (2002) nitrogen is crucial for several
physiological and biochemical reactions during vegetative and reproductive phase of the
plant, that implies that the nitrogen applied through the mushroom compost is enough for
growing the potato.
Phosphorus (ppm). As shown in Table 2, there was a slight decrease in the
phosphorus content of the soil at harvest. The initial and final phosphorus content of the
medium was 3500 and 3200 ppm, respectively. The decrease could be due to high
phosphorus requirement of the plants. HARRDEC (1996) reported that the phosphorus is
needed during the early development of the crop, early tuberization and needed to
increase the number of tubers produced per plant. They further stated that the nutrient
requirement of potato is 140-140-140 NPK kg / ha.

Table 1. Climatic data gathered during the conduct of the study
MONTH
AIR TEMPERATURE
RELATIVE
RAINFALL
SUNSHINE
(OC)
HUMIDITY
(mm)
DURATION
(%)
(min)
December
24.5
82
0.1
369.8
January
24.6
85
0.03
349.8
February
24.25
85.25
3.47
387.2
March 25.27 84
3.0
369.5
Source: BSU, PAG-ASA Office, La Trinidad, Benguet
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Table 2. The initial and final analysis of the soil

pH
OM (%)
N (%)
P (ppm)
K (ppm)
Before
5.6 3.0 0.15
3500 259
planting

After
5.8 3.0 0.15
3200 292
harvest
Source: Department of Agriculture, Regional Field Unit 1, San Fernando City, La Union
Potassium (ppm). Potassium content of the soil increased after harvest from 259
to 292. The increase could be attributed to the application of compost in the area of the
study. After many experiments, made by Krisma (2002), he concluded that the vital
processes like photosynthesis and respiration are dependent on the potassium
concentration in plant cells. He further stressed that this element activated several
enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates.

Seedling Vigor and Uniformity of Seedlings

Table 3 shows the uniformity of seedlings and seedling vigor taken at 28 days
after sowing inside the screen house. Among the seven progenies evaluated, TPS 10, TPS
11, TPS 12, TPS 15 and TPS 16 progenies were rated moderately uniform while progeny
TPS 13 and TPS 14 were rated not uniform. The uniformity of seedling could be due to
the different genotypic characteristics of the progenies. Seedling vigor among the
progenies ranged from less vigorous to vigorous. TPS 15 was rated vigorous at the
seedling stage. Progenies TPS 10, TPS 11, TPS 12 and TPS 16 were rated moderately
vigorous. TPS 15 was rated vigorous while TPS 14 was less vigorous (Figure 2).

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Table 3. Uniformity and seedling vigor of the seven potato progenies at 28 days after
sowing

PROGENY
UNIFORMITY SEEDLING VIGOR
TPS 10
Moderately uniform Moderately
vigorous
TPS 11
Moderately uniform Moderately
vigorous
TPS 12
Moderately uniform Moderately
vigorous
TPS 13
Not uniform
Less vigorous
TPS 14
Not uniform
Less vigorous
TPS 15
Moderately uniform
Vigorous
TPS 16
Moderately uniform Moderately
vigorous

Plant survival at 30, 45, 60 and 75 DAT

Table 4 shows the percentage of the plant survival of the different progenies at 30
to 75 days after transplanting (DAT). It was observed that there were no significant
differences among the progenies. However, the highest percent survival was attained by
progeny TPS 15 with a mean of 89 %, followed by TPS 16 with 88 % plant survival; the
lowest percent survival was obtained by TPS 11 (76 %). The low percent survival among
the different progenies might be due to the effect of transplanting and the non-
adaptability of the progenies in the new environment.

Plant Vigor at 30, 45, 60 and 75 Days after Transplanting

The plant vigor of the different TPS progenies at 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after
transplanting is shown in Table 4 and Figure 2. Plant vigor was based on the performance
and growth stands of the different progenies. Significant differences were observed at 30,
45, and 60 DAT but not at 75 DAT. Progenies TPS 15 and TPS 16 were found to be
vigorous at 30 DAT while TPS 10, TPS 12, TPS 13 and TPS 14 progenies were rated
Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
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moderately vigorous while TPS 11 was found to be less vigorous. The poor vigor of the
plants at this early stage of growth is due to transplanting. Furthermore, this could also be
attributed by poor rooting characteristics in some of the progenies.

At 45 DAT, it was observed that most of the progenies have increased vigor
except for TPS 11 and TPS 14. This implies that the plants have adapted to the new
environment. Progenies TPS 15 and TPS 16 were rated highly vigorous at 60 DAT while
the other progenies were observed to be moderately vigorous and vigorous.

A decrease in vigor at 75 DAT was noted in all the progenies. This could be
attributed to the high rainfall that favors late blight infection during this stage of growth.

Table 4. Plant survival and plant vigor at 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after transplanting of the
seven potato progenies grown for organic production

PROGENY PLANT
PLANT VIGOR (DAT)
SURVIVAL
30 45 60 75
(%)
TPS 10
81
3b
4a
4b
3
TPS 11
76
2c
2c
3c
3
TPS 12
85
3b
4a
4b
3
TPS 13
86
3b
3b
4b
3
TPS 14
78
3b
2c
3c
2
TPS 15
89
4a
4a
5a
4
TPS 16
88
4a
4a
5a
4
CV
(%)
8.46
9.70 15.80 8.00 10.85
Means followed by common letters are not significantly different at 5 % level of DMRT
Description: 1-Poor vigor; 2-Less vigor; 3-Moderately vigorous; 4-Vigorous; 5- Highly vigorous

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TPS 12

TPS 16

TPS 15

TPS 10

TPS 13

TPS 11

TPS 14
Figure 2. Potato stands at 45 days after transplanting
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Late Blight Infection
At 30 and 45 DAT, TPS 12, TPS 15 and TPS 16 progenies were rated highly
resistant to late blight while the other progenies were rated resistant.
Increase in late blight infection among the progenies evaluated was observed at 75
DAT when all of the progenies become moderately resistant to late blight. The increase
in the late blight incidence could be attributed to the high rainfall that occurred at 60 to
75 DAT.

Leaf Miner Incidence.

Leaf miner incidence is not observed in the area which could be due to the
planting of marigold as insect repellant in the testing area.

Table 5. Late blight rating at 30, 45, 60, and 75 DAT of the seven progenies grown for
organic production

PROGENY
LATE BLIGHT RATING (DAT)
30 45 60 75
TPS 10
2
2a
3 5
TPS 11
2
2a
2 5
TPS 12
1
1b
2 4
TPS 13
2
2a
2 4
TPS 14
2
2a
3 5
TPS 15
1
1b
2 4
TPS 16
1
1b
2 4
CV
(%)
24.71 20.00 19.49 12.44
Means followed by common letters are not significantly different at 5 % level of DMRT
Description: 1-Highly resistant; 2-3-Resistant; 4-5-Moderately resistant; 6-7-Moderartely
susceptible; 8-9-Susceptible.

Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

23
Number and Weight of Marketable Tubers per 5 m2
Table 6 and figure 3 shows the number and weight of marketable and non-
marketable tubers per 5 m2. No significant differences were observed on the number and
weight of marketable tubers among the progenies. Results showed that the progeny which
had the highest percent survival had the highest number and weight of marketable tubers.
Numerically, TPS 15 progeny produced the most number (663) and heaviest weight
(4,320 gms) of marketable tubers. It was also observed that the number of tubers does not
necessarily revealed the highest weight of the tubers (Figure 3).

Nisperos (1982) reported that the yield of TPS progeny was comparable to the
clones and cultivars. The TPS progeny out yielded seed tubers in terms of the number of
tubers produced per plot, although, in terms of weight the yield of seed tubers was much
greater than TPS progeny . This could be due to the smaller sizes of the tubers produced
by TPS progeny.

Number and Weight of Non-marketable Tubers

The progenies did not differ significantly on the number and weight of non-
marketable tubers (Table 6). Although, numerically TPS 10 and TPS 14 produced the
most number of non-marketable tubers with a mean of 11 while TPS 12 progeny
produced the least (3). On the other hand, TPS 15 progeny gave the heaviest weight of
non-marketable tubers of 50 grams. This is due to the cracking of tubers. Cracking in the
tubers could be attributed to the insufficient amount of soil moisture during the
reproductive stage of the plant.
Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

24

TPS 12

TPS 14

TPS 16

TPS 10

TPS 13

TPS 11

TPS 15
Figure 3.Tubers of the of true potato seed progenies
Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

25
Table 6. Number and weight of marketable, non-marketable and total yield of the seven
potato progenies grown for organic production
PROGENY MARKETABLE
NON-
TOTAL YIELD per
MARKETABLE
5 m2
Number Weight Number
Weight Number Weight
(g)
(g)
(g)
TPS 10
337
860
11
30
348
890
TPS 11
334
1180
7
25
341
1205
TPS 12
332
1580
3
20
335
1870
TPS 13
440
1390
9
40
449
1430
TPS 14
182
360
11
40
193
400
TPS 15
663
4320
10
50
639
4380
TPS 16
340
1039
4
30
344
1609
CV
(%)
13.89 20.48 22.18 24.14 13.55 20.34

Total Yield per Plot

The total number and weight of tubers produced per 5 m2 is presented in Table 6.
Number of tubers ranges from 193 to 639 while weight ranges from 400 to 4380 grams.
Though no significant differences were observed among the progenies, TPS 15 progeny
produced the highest yield.

Uniformity of Tubers

Table 7 and Figure 3 shows the uniformity of the tubers in terms of size, skin
color, shape, depth of eyes and flesh color. Statistical analysis showed no significant
differences observed among the progenies evaluated.
In terms of skin color, all of the progenies were observed to have a moderately
uniform skin color except for TPS 12 which produced non-uniformity tuber color.
According to Ratstovski (1981) both yellow and creamy white tubers are accepted for
table and processing purposes.
Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

26
Table 7. Tuber uniformity of the seven potato progenies grown for organic production
PROGENY SIZE
SKIN
SHAPE DEPTH
OF
FLESH
COLOR
EYES
COLOR
TPS
10
7 5 5 7
5
TPS
11
7 5 5 5
5
TPS
12
5 7 5 7
5
TPS
13
5 5 5 7
5
TPS
14
5 5 5 5
5
TPS
15
5 5 7 5
5
TPS
16
7 5 7 5
3
CV
(%)
20.79 11.18 15.15 16.36
24.88
Description: 3-uniform; 5-moderately uniform; 7-not uniform
As to the shape, two progenies were rated not uniform (TPS 15 and TPS 16). The
other progenies were observed to be moderately uniform. Shapes are oval, round oval and
long oval.
With regards to the depth of eyes, TPS 11, TPS 14, TPS 15 and TPS 16 were
rated moderately uniform while the other progenies were rated not uniform. Depth of
eyes is important in processing because having shallower eyes for instance gave less
trimming loss, shorter time in trimming, and higher volume of materials for chips
(Sabiano, 2006).
As to the flesh color, progeny TPS 16 was rated uniform while the rest were rated
moderately uniform.

Maturity of progenies
Significant differences were observed on the maturity among the seven progenies
evaluated. TPS 15 and TPS 10 were the earliest to mature followed by TPS 12, TPS 13
Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

27
and TPS 16 progenies of medium maturity. Progeny TPS 10 and TPS 14 were rated late
maturing. Maturity of the progenies was based on the average tuber size at harvest.

Length of Stolons of Progenies
No significant differences were observed among the seven progenies evaluated
(Table 8). However, TPS 10, TPS 12, TPS 14, TPS 15, and TPS 16 were observed to
have short stolon while TPS 11 progeny have a medium length stolon. The length of
stolon indicates the maturity of the potato, the longer the stolon, the later the maturity of
the variety.

Number of Tubers per Hill

On the tuber set, no significant differences were observed among the potato
progenies. Progeny TPS 15 with the highest percent survival, also produced more tubers
per hill (7) while TPS 11, TPS 14 and TPS 16, produced the least number of tubers per
hill.

Table 7. Maturity, length of stolons and tuber set of the seven progenies grown for

organic production

PROGENY MATURITY
LENGTH
NUMBER OF
TUBERS / HILL
TPS 10
3c
3 5
TPS 11
7a
5 3
TPS 12
5b
3 5
TPS 13
5b
5 5
TPS 14
7a
3 3
TPS 15
3b
3 7
TPS 16
5b
3 3
CV (%)
19.22
24.99
25.13
Means followed by common letters are not significantly different at 5 % level of DMRT
Description: (maturity) 3-early, 5-medium, 7-late; (Length) 3-short, 5-medium, 7-long; (Tuber set) 3-few, 5-medium, 7- many
Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

28
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary
The seven progenies were evaluated for their performance both under screen
house and field under organic production to determine the agronomic characters of the
true potato seed progenies for organic production; identify the TPS progeny based on
tuber qualities; and select the best tuber families with good yield and resistant to pests
and diseases. The study was conducted at Benguet State University, Experimental
Station, La Trinidad, Benguet.

True potato seeds collected were sown in a plastic tray, and after two weeks, the
seedlings were rooted in banana pot lets in a sterilized media. These progenies were
transplanted in the field one month after pricking.
In the field, mushroom compost was applied basally two weeks after
transplanting. All necessary cultural management practices were done uniformly to all
plots.
Results showed that TPS 10, TPS 11, TPS 12, TPS 15 and TPS 16 progenies had
moderately uniform seedlings in screen house. In terms of seedling vigor, TPS 15 was the
only progeny noted to be vigorous.

Based on the field performance, progeny TPS 15 produced the highest yield while
TPS 14 had the lowest. Results showed that TPS 15 were highly vigorous at 60 days after
transplanting and the highest percent survival.

In terms of late blight infection, TPS 12, TPS 15 and TPS 16 progenies were
highly resistant at 30 and 45 days after transplanting however, at 75 days after
Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

29
transplanting, all the potato progenies were moderately resistant to late blight. Leaf miner
was not noted in the area.

As to the uniformity of the harvested progenies, variable differences were
observed among the progenies in terms size, skin and flesh color, shape and depth of
eyes. However, TPS 16 obtained the most uniform flesh color. On the other hand, there
were highly significant differences among the seven progenies in term of earliness to
mature
ty, TPS 15 and TPS 10 were both early maturing.
No significant differences noted on the length of stolon and tuber set (number of
tubers per hill), however, TPS 15 produced the highest number of tuber set per hill.

Conclusion
Based on the results, TPS 15 is the most promising progeny having the highest
percent survival, number and weight of marketable tubers per plot and vigor. The potato
progeny is also maturing, has moderately uniform tuber characters, and is resistant to late
blight under organic management.

Recommendation
All progenies evaluated are adapted under La Trinidad, Benguet condition.
However, further evaluation of potato progenies should be conducted to determine their
adaptability and stability in terms of yield, resistance to late blight and level of uniformity
in farmer’s field.

It is further recommended that the G1 tubers produced from the study be used as
planting materials.
Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

30

LITERATURE CITED

BALOING, J. G. 2006. Performance of Potato Cultivars as Influenced by Lime and
Organic Fertilizers Application. Ph.D. Thesis. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad Benguet. P.2.

CHEN, Z. S. and GLORIA, C. B. 2005. Compost Production: A manual for Asian
farmers and food and fertilizer technology Center for the Asian and Pacific
Region, Taipei, Taiwan. Pp.3-4.

HARRDEC.1996.Highland Potato techno guide. Benguet State University, La Trinidad
Benguet. Pp.1-7.

CIP. 1984. Potatoes for the Developing World. International Potato Research (CIP),
Lima, Peru. Pp. 91-93.

FEHR, W. R. 1987. Principles of Cultivar Development. Volume 2. Macmillan
Publishing Company. Division of Macmillan inc., New York. Pp. 390-391.

GANGA, Z. N; A. TABBADA; E. O. BADOL and D. S. SIMONGO.1998. True Potato
Seeds (TPS): An alternative Planting Material in Non- Traditional Growing
Areas in the Philippines. BSU Research Jounal-20. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad Benguet, Philippines. Pp. 1-4.

GLEN, M. G. and H. M ANDERSON. 1995. Ecology and integrated Farming Systems.
Published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Baffin’s Lane, Chichester, West Sussex
Po 19 IUD, England. P. 50 .

KALAW, J. M. 1987. Potato: Priority Export Commodities. National Book Store, Inc.
Carero Press, 1661 Comandante St. Santa Cruz, Manila. P. 7.

KRISMA, K.R.2002. Soil Fertility and Crop Production. Science Publishers, Inc., U.S.A.
Pp.73.

KRISTIANSEN, P; A. TAJI and J. REGANOLD. 2006. Organic agriculture: A global
Perspective. CSIRO Publishing Po Box 1139 Collingwood VIC 3006, Australia.
P. 3.

LAMBERT, K. 1996. Soil Fertility Evaluation Advisory Aspects. Philippines, Belgian
Corporation Project. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 3-30.

LAMPKIN, N. H. and PADEL, S. 1994. The economics of Organic Farming: An
International Perspective, CAB International, Wallingford Oxon OX 10 8 DE,
United Kingdom. Pp. 4-5.

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31
LOQUE, W. T. 2007. Evaluation of Novel Potato Accessions for Tuberlet Production
under Organic Management. BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet. Pp. 4-5.

NEWTON, J. 2004. Profitable Organic Farming: Second Edition. Blackwell Science Ltd,
a Blackwell Publishing company, United Kingdom. P. 170.

NISPEROS, Z. C. 1982.Variety, Spacing and Transplanting Methods for Open-
Pollinated True Seed of Potato. University of the Philippines, Los Banos,
Laguna, Philippines. Pp. 42-43.

PALAROAN, G. U. 2006. Agronomic Characteristics of Potato Entries Applied with
Organic Fertilizers under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition. BS Thesis. Benguet
State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 1.

PEARS, P. and STICKLAND, S. 1999. Organic Gardening. Octopus Publishing
Company, Ltd, 2-4 Heron Quays, London. P. 60.

PUNGSAYAN, R. B. January 1985. Progeny Evaluation of Hybrid True Seed of Potato.
Mountain State Agricultural College (MSAC), La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 4

RASCO, E.T; AROMIN, F. B; THONGJIEM, M; KURRUPUARACHCHI and TUNG,
P. X.1997. The Potato in Tropical Asia. Asian Sweet Potato and Potato
Research and Development (ASPRAD), Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. P. 127

RATSTOVSKI, A.1981. Post harvest Behavior, Store Design, Storage, Practice and
handling. Wagenigen: Center for Agricultural Publishing and Doc. Pp.138 and
151.

SABIANO, J. P.2006. Agronomic and Post harvest Characters of Potato Entries for Ware
and Seed Tuber in Calasipan, Atok, Benguet. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet. Pp. 36-37.

SINGH, JAGPAL; SINGH, A. N. and PANDEY, P. C. October 1992. True Potato Seed
for Potato Production in India. Dr J.S. Grewal, Director, Central Potato
Research Institute, Shimla 171001, HP, India. Pp. 1-2.

THAKUR, K. C. and UPADHYA, M. D. October 1992. True Potato Seed in Asia:
Proceedings of a workshop on True Potato Seeds in Asia. International Potato
Center (CIP), Box 933 Manila, Philippines. Pp. 20-21.

VIET, N.V.1993. Potato Seed Production in the Red River Delta, Vietnam. Potato
Research and Development in Vietnam II. P. 149.

Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

32
APPENDICES

Appendix Table 1. Percent plant survival at 30 days after transplanting

PROGENY REPLICATION TOTAL
MEAN
I II III

TPS 10
75
83
85
243
81

TPS 11
73
80
76
228
76

TPS 12
95
80
85
255
85

TPS 13
88
85
86
258
86

TPS 14
73
70
73
218
73

TPS 15
90
95
89
268
89

TPS 16
75
100
88
263
88

TOTAL
569 593 582 1733 83

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Block
2
50.667
25.333

Treatment
6
699.238 116.540
2.39ns
3.0
4.82

Error
12
585.333 48.778

TOTAL
20
1335.238
ns= Not significant Coefficient of Variation (%) =8.46

Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

33
Appendix Table 2. Plant vigor at days after transplanting

PROGENY REPLICATION TOTAL
MEAN
I II III

TPS 10
3
3
3
9
3

TPS 11
2
2
2
6
2

TPS 12
3
3
3
9
3

TPS 13
3
3
3
9
3

TPS 14
2
2
2
6
3

TPS 15
4
4
3
11
4

TPS 16
4
4
3
11
4

TOTAL
21 21 19 61 3

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Block
2
0.381
0.190

Treatment
6
8.476
1.413
17.80**
3.0
4.82

Error
12
0.952
0.079

TOTAL
20
9.810
**= Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) =9.70

Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

34
Appendix Table 3. Plant vigor at 45 days after transplanting

PROGENY REPLICATION TOTAL
MEAN
I II III

TPS 10
4
3
3
11
4

TPS 11
2
3
2
7
2

TPS 12
4
4
3
11
4

TPS 13
3
3
3
9
3

TPS 14
2
2
2
6
2

TPS 15
5
5
3
13
4

TPS 16
4
4
4
12
4

TOTAL
24 24 20 69 3

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Block
2
1.524
0.762

Treatment
6
13.143
2.190
8.36**
3.0
4.82

Error
12
3.143
0.262

TOTAL
20
17.810
**= Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 15.80

Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

35
Appendix Table 4. Plant vigor at 60 days after transplanting

PROGENY REPLICATION TOTAL
MEAN
I II III

TPS 10
4
4
4
12
4

TPS 11
3
3
3
9
3

TPS 12
4
4
4
12
4

TPS 13
4
4
3
11
4

TPS 14
3
3
3
9
3

TPS 15
5
5
4
14
5

TPS 16
5
5
4
14
5

TOTAL
28 28 25 81 4

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Block
2
0.857
0.429

Treatment
6
8.571
1.429
15.0 **
3.0
4.82

Error
12
1.143
0.095

TOTAL
20
10.571
**= Highly significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 8.00

Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

36
Appendix Table 5. Plant vigor at 75 days after transplanting

PROGENY REPLICATION TOTAL
MEAN
I II III

TPS 10
4
3
3
10
3

TPS 11
3
3
3
9
3

TPS 12
4
3
3
10
3

TPS 13
4
3
3
10
3

TPS 14
3
3
3
9
3

TPS 15
4
4
3
11
4

TPS 16
4
4
3
11
4

TOTAL
26 23 21 70 3

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Block
2
1.143
0.571

Treatment
6
1.619
0.270
2.12ns
3.0
4.82

Error
12
1.524
0.127

TOTAL
20
4.286
ns= Not significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 10.85

Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

37
Appendix Table 6. Late blight at 30 days after transplanting

PROGENY REPLICATION TOTAL
MEAN
I II III

TPS 10
2
2
1
5
2

TPS 11
2
2
2
6
2

TPS 12
1
2
1
4
1

TPS 13
2
2
2
6
2

TPS 14
1
2
2
5
2

TPS 15
1
1
1
3
1

TPS 16
1
2
1
4
1

TOTAL
10 13 10 33 2

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Block
2
0.857
0.429

Treatment
6
2.467
0.413
2.74 ns
3.0
4.82

Error
12
1.810
0.151

TOTAL
20
5.143
ns= Not significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 24.17

Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

38
Appendix Table 7. Late blight at 45 days after transplanting

PROGENY REPLICATION TOTAL
MEAN
I II III

TPS 10
2
2
1
5
2a

TPS 11
2
2
2
6
2a

TPS 12
1
2
1
4
1b

TPS 13
2
2
2
6
2a

TPS 14
2
2
2
6
2a

TPS 15
1
1
1
3
1b

TPS 16
1
2
1
4
1b

TOTAL
11 13 10 34 2a

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Block
2
0.667
0.333

Treatment
6
2.667
0.444
4.0*
3.0
4.82

Error
12
1.333
0.111

TOTAL
20
4.667
*= Significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 20.00

Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

39
Appendix Table 8. Late blight at 60 days after transplanting

PROGENY REPLICATION TOTAL
MEAN
I II III

TPS 10
3
2
3
8
3

TPS 11
2
3
2
7
2

TPS 12
2
2
2
6
2

TPS 13
2
2
2
6
2

TPS 14
3
3
2
8
3

TPS 15
2
2
2
6
2

TPS 16
3
2
2
7
2

TOTAL
17 14 15 48 2

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Block
2
0.286
0.143

Treatment
6
1.619
0.270
1.36ns
3.0
4.82

Error
12
2.381
0.198

TOTAL
20
4.286

ns= Not significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 11.36

Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

40
Appendix Table 9. Late blight at 75 days after transplanting

PROGENY REPLICATION TOTAL
MEAN
I II III
TPS 10

5
5
4
14
5
TPS 11

6
4
4
14
5
TPS 12

5
4
3
12
4
TPS 13

5
5
3
13
4
TPS 14

6
5
3
14
5
TPS 15

4
4
3
11
4
TPS 16

4
4
3
11
4
TOTAL

35 31 23 89 4

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Block
2
10.667
5.333

Treatment
6
3.810
0.635
2.29ns
3.0
4.82

Error
12
3.333
0.278

TOTAL
20
17.810

ns= Not significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 12.44

Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

41
Appendix Table 10. Number of marketable tubers

PROGENY REPLICATION TOTAL
MEAN
I II III

TPS 10
109
48
180
337
112

TPS 11
50
127
157
334
111

TPS 12
165
130
37
332
111

TPS 13
131
130
179
440
147

TPS 14
47
26
109
182
61

TPS 15
290
253
120
663
221

TPS 16
182
102
56
340
113

TOTAL
974 816 838 2628 125

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Block
2
2092.571
1046.286

Treatment
6
43538.571 7256.429
1.71ns
3.0
4.82

Error
12
50891.429 4240.952

TOTAL
20
96522.571
ns= Not significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 13.89

Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

42
Appendix Table 11. Weight of marketable tubers (gms)

PROGENY REPLICATION TOTAL
MEAN
I II III

TPS 10
520
160
180
860
287

TPS 11
90
290
800
1180
393

TPS 12
930
610
40
1580
527

TPS 13
290
400
700
1390
463

TPS 14
60
20
280
360
120

TPS 15
1610
2390
320
4320
1440

TPS 16
620
309
110
1039
346

TOTAL
4120 4179 2430 10729 511

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Block
2
281837.238 140918.619

Treatment
6
3329176.476 554862.746
2.28ns
3.0
4.82

Error
12
2921770.095 243480.841

TOTAL
20
6532783.810
ns= Not significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 20.48

Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

43
Appendix Table 12. Number of non-marketable tubers

PROGENY REPLICATION TOTAL
MEAN
I II III

TPS 10
8
2
1
11
4

TPS 11
1
3
3
7
2

TPS 12
2
1
0
3
1

TPS 13
4
2
3
9
3

TPS 14
2
0
9
11
4

TPS 15
5
4
1
10
3

TPS 16
2
2
0
4
1

TOTAL
24 14 17 55 3

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Block
2
7.524
30762

Treatment
6
21.619
3.603
0.52ns
3.0
4.82

Error
12
83.810
6.984

TOTAL
20
112.952
ns= Not significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 22.18

Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

44
Appendix Table 13. Weight of non-marketable tubers (gms)

PROGENY REPLICATION TOTAL
MEAN
I II III

TPS 10
10
10
10
30
10

TPS 11
10
10
5
25
8

TPS 12
10
10
0
20
7

TPS 13
10
10
20
40
13

TPS 14
10
0
30
40
13

TPS 15
10
30
10
50
17

TPS 16
20
10
0
30
10

TOTAL
80 80 75 235 11

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Block
2
2.381
1.190

Treatment
6
211.905
35.317
0.39ns
3.0
4.82

Error
12
1080.952
90.079

TOTAL
20
1295.238
ns= Not Significant Coefficient of Variation (%) =24.14

Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

45
Appendix Table 14. Total number of tubers per plot

PROGENY REPLICATION TOTAL
MEAN
I II III

TPS 10
117
50
181
348
116

TPS 11
51
130
160
341
114

TPS 12
167
131
37
335
112

TPS 13
135
132
182
449
150

TPS 14
49
253
118
420
140

TPS 15
295
257
121
693
224

TPS 16
184
104
56
344
115

TOTAL
998 1057 855 2930 139

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Block
2
3082.571
1541.286

Treatment
6
29715.810
49.635
0.86ns
3.0
4.82

Error
12
69058.762
5754.894

TOTAL
20
101857.143
ns= Not Significant Coefficient of Variation (%) =13.55

Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

46
Appendix Table 15. Total weight of tubers per plot (g)

PROGENY REPLICATION TOTAL
MEAN
I II III

TPS 10
530
170
190
890
296.67

TPS 11
100
300
805
1205
401.67

TPS 12
940
620
40
1870
623.33

TPS 13
300
410
720
1430
476.67

TPS 14
70
20
310
400
133.33

TPS 15
1620
2430
330
4380
1460.00

TPS 16
640
319
110
1069
356.33

TOTAL
4200 4269 2505 11244 535

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES
SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Block
2
285213.429 142606.714

Treatment
6
3377363.143 562893.857
2.25ns
3.0
4.82

Error
12
3005810.571 250484.214

TOTAL
20
6668387.143
ns= Not Significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 20.34

Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

47
Appendix Table 16. Maturity of progenies

PROGENY REPLICATION TOTAL
MEAN
I II III

TPS 10
4
3
4
11
4a

TPS 11
3
2
2
7
2c

TPS 12
4
3
3
10
3b

TPS 13
3
3
3
9
3b

TPS 14
2
2
2
6
2c

TPS 15
4
4
3
11
4a

TPS 16
3
4
3
10
3b

TOTAL
23 21 20 64 3

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Block
2
0.667
0.333

Treatment
6
7.619
1.270
5.71**
3.0
4.82

Error
12
2.667
0.222

TOTAL
20
10.952
**= Highly Significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 15.47

Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

48
Appendix Table 17. Length of stolon

PROGENY REPLICATION TOTAL
MEAN
I II III

TPS 10
3
3
3
9
3

TPS 11
5
5
3
11
5

TPS 12
3
3
3
9
3

TPS 13
5
5
3
13
5

TPS 14
3
3
3
9
3

TPS 15
3
3
3
9
3

TPS 16
3
3
5
11
3

TOTAL
25 25 23 71 4

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Block
2
0.697
0.349

Treatment
6
7.160
1.193
1.62ns
3.0
4.82

Error
12
8.835
0.736

TOTAL
20
8.835
ns= Not Significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 24.99

Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

49
Appendix table 18. Tuber set (number of tubers per hill)

PROGENY REPLICATION TOTAL
MEAN
I II III

TPS 10
5
3
5
13
5

TPS 11
3
3
5
11
3

TPS 12
5
5
3
13
5

TPS 13
5
5
5
13
5

TPS 14
3
3
5
11
3

TPS 15
7
7
5
19
7

TPS 16
5
3
3
11
3

TOTAL
33 29 31 91 4

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Block
2
1.143
0.571

Treatment
6
17.143
2.857
2.31ns
3.0
4.82

Error
12
14.857
1.238

TOTAL
20
33.143
ns= Not Significant Coefficient of Variation (%) = 19.22

Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

50
Appendix table 19. Uniformity of tuber size

PROGENY REPLICATION TOTAL
MEAN
I II III

TPS 10
7
7
5
19
7

TPS 11
7
5
7
19
7

TPS 12
7
5
5
17
5

TPS 13
7
5
5
17
5

TPS 14
5
5
5
15
5

TPS 15
5
5
7
7
5

TPS 16
5
7
7
19
7

TOTAL
43 39 41 123 6

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Block
2
0.937
0.469

Treatment
6
5.235
0.872
0.60ns
3.0
4.82

Error
12
17.384
1.449

TOTAL
20
23.557
ns= Not significant Coefficient of Variation (%) =20.79

Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

51
Appendix table 20. Uniformity of tuber skin color

PROGENY REPLICATION TOTAL
MEAN
I II III

TPS 10
5
5
7
17
5

TPS 11
5
5
5
15
5

TPS 12
7
5
7
19
7

TPS 13
5
5
5
15
5

TPS 14
5
5
5
15
5

TPS 15
5
5
5
15
5

TPS 16
5
5
5
15
5

TOTAL
37 35 39 111 5

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Block
2
1.143
0.571

Treatment
6
40952
0.825
2036ns
3.0
4.82

0.349

Error
12
40190

TOTAL
20
10.286
ns= Not significant Coefficient of Variation (%) =11.18

Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

52
Appendix table 21.Uniformity of tuber shape

PROGENY REPLICATION TOTAL
MEAN
I II III

TPS 10
5
5
7
17
5

TPS 11
5
5
5
15
5

TPS 12
5
5
5
15
5

TPS 13
5
5
7
17
5

TPS 14
5
7
5
17
5

TPS 15
7
5
7
19
7

TPS 16
7
7
7
21
7

TOTAL
39 39 43 121 6

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Block
2
1.524
0.762

Treatment
6
9.143
1.524
2.0ns
3.0
4.82

Error
12
9.143
0.762

TOTAL
20
19.810
ns= Not significant Coefficient of Variation (%) =15.15

Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

53
Appendix table 22.Depth of eyes uniformity

PROGENY REPLICATION TOTAL
MEAN
I II III

TPS 10
5
7
7
19
7

TPS 11
5
5
5
15
5

TPS 12
7
5
7
19
7

TPS 13
7
7
7
21
7

TPS 14
5
3
5
13
5

TPS 15
7
5
5
17
5

TPS 16
5
5
7
17
5

TOTAL
41 37 43 121 6

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Block
2
2.667
1.333

Treatment
6
14. 476
2.413
2.71ns
3.0
4.82

Error
12
10.667
0.889

TOTAL
20
27.810
ns= Not significant Coefficient of Variation (%) =16.36

Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

54
Appendix table 23. Uniformity of tuber flesh color.

PROGENY REPLICATION TOTAL
MEAN
I II III

TPS 10
3
5
5
13
5

TPS 11
3
5
5
13
5

TPS 12
5
5
5
15
5

TPS 13
5
5
3
13
5

TPS 14
5
3
5
13
5

TPS 15
5
5
5
15
5

TPS 16
3
3
5
11
3

TOTAL
29 31 33 93 5

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES
SUM OF
MEAN
COMPUTED TABULATED
VARIATION
OF
SQUARES SQUARE
F
F
FREEDOM
0.05 0.01

Block
2
1.343
0.671

Treatment
6
5.074
0.846
0.71ns
3.0
4.82

Error
12
14.223
1.185

TOTAL
20
20.640
ns = Not significant Coefficient of Variation (%) =24.88

Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production
in La Trinidad, Benguet / Leo C. Daproza. 2009

Document Outline

Evaluation of True Potato Seed Progenies for Organic Production in La Trinidad, Benguet
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES