BIBLIOGRAPHY CAYABAS, APOLONIA B. APRIL 2010. ...

BIBLIOGRAPHY
CAYABAS, APOLONIA B. APRIL 2010. Effect of ANAA Concentrations on
the Rooting of the Shoot Tip Cuttings of the Three Varieties of Medinilla. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad ,Benguet.
Adviser: Araceli G. Ladilad, PhD.
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted at BSU Ornamental Area, Department of Horticulture,
College of Agriculture fro January to March 2010 to determine the effect of different
concentrations of ANAA an the rooting shoot tip cuttings of different varieties of
Medinillia and determine the rooting characteristics of the shoot tip cuttings of the
different varieties of Medinilla.
Results revealed that there were no significant differences observed on the
number of days from sticking to root initials as affected by Medinilla varieties evaluated.
Shorter days from sticking to rooting were noted respectively on Medinilla cumingii and
Medinilla dolichophylla. Highly significant differences was likewise, obtained on the
average number of roots produce per cuttings. Medinilla dolichophylla, has the highest
number of roots, longer roots and higher percentage of rooting compared to the two other
varieties. No significant differences obtained on the survival percentage as affected by
three varieties.

Shoot tip cuttings that were not treated with ANAA promoted roots earlier. There
were no significant differences noted on the percentage of rooting, root length and
percentage survival as affected by the different ANAA concentrations.
Significant interactions were not observed between the different varieties and
ANAA concentrations in all of the parameters gathered.
Full strength ANAA is recommended for the production of more and longer
roots in the shoot tip cuttings of Medinilla. Medinilla dolichophylla and Medinilla
scotechenii good propagules for the rooting shoot tip cuttings in Medinilla.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
Bibliography…………………………………………………………. i
Abstract……………………………………………………………… i

Table of Contents……………………………………………………. iii

INTRODUCTION….………………………………………………..

1

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Cutting as Propagule…….……………………………………. 3
Rooting Hormones………...…………………………………. . 3
Hormone Concentrations. . …………………………………… 5
Misting ……………………………………………………….. 5

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials ………………………………………………………. 6
Methods……...…………………………………………………. 6

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Days from Sticking to Root Initials ……………………… …. 10
Days from Sticking to Transplanting …………………………….. 11
Number of Roots per Cuttings …………………………………… 12
Root Length ( cm) ………………………………………………... 13
Percentage Rooting (%) ………………………………………….. 14
Percentage Survival (%)…………………………………………... 15

iii

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary ……………………………………………………………. 17
Conclusion …………………………………………………………. 18

Recommendation...…………………………………………………… 18

LITERATURE CITED..……………………………………………………. 19
APPENDIX TABLES……………………………………………………… 20

iv

1

INTRODUCTION

Among the most exciting plants in the World are the Medinilla. With tropical
foliage and stunning flowering clusters of pink abandon, Medinilla as a show stopper,
suitable for zone 10 outdoors but surprisingly as a houseplant anywhere.
Medinilla is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants in the family
Melastomataceae, native to tropical regions of the Old World from Africa (two species)
east through Madagascar (about 70 species) and southern Asia to the western Pacific
Ocean islands. The genus was named after J. de Medinilla, governor of the Mariana
Islands in 1820.
They are evergreen shrubs or lianas. The leaves are opposite or whorled, or
alternate in some species. The flowers are white or pink, produced in large panicles.
Semi-epiphytic in the wild, Medinilla will thrive growing lush tropical foliage and
cluster after cluster of orchid-like pink blossoms. After blooming baby pink, the flower
turn a deeper pink, then magenta and finally finished dark red like sweet ripe cherries.
Indoors, bright light, but no direct sun except morning sun is the ticket to success.
Provide indoor warmth, for the blooming of flowers starting November with flowers
lasting until fall of “berries”. Medinilla performs extremely well in shaded areas.
Some varieties of medinilla are Medinilla cumigii which have large pendant clusters
of bright pink flowers followed by showy clusters of blue berries, similar to Medinnila
magnifica, but without the pink bracts. Blooms spring through fall. Handsome leathery
leaves on this shrubby plant, and are native to the Philippines and hardy to 35 F. Another
variety is the Medinilla scortechenii that have bright orange stems in panicles, Leathery
dark green oval leaves and thrive at a minimum temperature of 40 F. And other variety is

Effect of ANAA Concentrations on the Rooting of the Shoot Tip Cuttings of
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2

Medinilla dolichophylla a beautiful epiphytic flowering shrub with brilliant light pink
flowers. This auction is for one established cutting grown plant, currently in a 75mm pot.
Approx 25 cm high .This spectacular small shrub grows to around 75 cm high. It is
cloaked in dark emerald, linear foliage and produces pendulous light pink flowers. This
plant may be grown as a pot specimen, in particular in a hanging basket, which allows the
flowering display to be seen to full effect or as a garden plant in tropical or sub-tropical
zones. Other varieties are the Medinilla magnifica, Showy medinilla, Magnifica
myriantha, Medinilla kinabalu.
Due to the economic potential and aesthetic value of midinilla as a potted and
bedding plant for outdoor and indoor landscaping, it is important to study the effective
technique of clonally multiplication using shoot tip cuttings and hormone concentration.
With some varieties of this plant that are very hard to root and yet they are very in
demand on the markets problems on the propagation of this plant using cutting will be
solve. In relation to this problem different varieties of medinilla and different
concentration of ANAA had been tested to enhance the rooting of medinilla shoot tip
cuttings, improve survival and faster production of planting materials.
The experiment was conducted at the Floriculture, Department of Horticulture,
College of Agriculture Benguet State University La Trinidad Benguet from November
2009 to March 2010 to determine the effect of different concentrations of ANAA on the
shoot tip cuttings of the varieties of medinilla and evaluate what varieties of Medinilla
and concentrations of ANAA have faster and uniform rooting using the shoot tip cuttings.

Effect of ANAA Concentrations on the Rooting of the Shoot Tip Cuttings of
the Three Varieties of Medinilla / Apolonia B. Cayabas. 2010

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REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Cutting as Propagules

Propagation cuttings are the most widely used method of asexual plant
propagation. It is quickly, easy and inexpensive. It is made possible by the cells’ ability to
an undifferentiated condition once again initiating the root, stems and leaf tissue
necessary to form a complete plant (Ingels, 1994). In addition, Hartman and Kester
(1975) stated that vegetative propagation is inexpensive, rapid and simple and does not
require special techniques necessary in grafting or budding.
Moreover, Edmund et al. (1978) said that plants propagated by cuttings and other
vegetative means are more economical than by seeds. Many seed germinate with
difficulty and the resulting plants do not often resemble their parents. In fact, valuable
varieties that are perpetuated by vegetation production make possible the production of
high quality products. Furthermore, Smith (1982) mentioned that most in commercial
establishments, growing plants aim to produce a crop that meets the quality of the market
at the shortest possible time is possible through this method of propagation.
According to Reiley (2002) softwood cuttings generally root easier and quicker
than hardwood cuttings because they respond to treatment with rooting hormones. High
concentrations may injure or kill cuttings and may be ineffective. Plant root easily or with
difficulty at different stages of maturity.

Effect of ANAA Concentrations on the Rooting of the Shoot Tip Cuttings of
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Rooting Hormones
Plant growth regulators have found wide applications in Horticulture,
particularly for the stimulation of rooting, fruit set, and fruit thinning (Fletcher and
Kirlwood, 1982). Furthermore, Weaver (1972) and Hartman and Kester (1975)
mentioned that application of growth regulators to cuttings is important for the
improvement of the quality of roots formed, stimulation of root initiation and for the
improvement of the quality.
In wide variety of plants, rooting is markedly increased by addition of synthetic
auxins. It was noted that in a variety of such compounds, the highest degree of rooting
success has been achieved with IBA. In addition, it was also observed that other auxins
have a very narrow of effective concentrations and that below critical level, it inhibited
root growth an also cause morphological injury. Bayeng (1999) found that one-half
strength ANAA has more effective in hasting root initiation in mum cuttings than full
strength. Hormex with a dipping duration of 15 minutes hasten easier visible root
formation on arbor tree leafy stem cuttings. Earlier studies found that the dipping
duration, which exceeds the recommended dipping time, can inhibit root formation. It
was also rooted that cuttings treated with hormex had the highest percentage survival and
highest return of investment (ROI) (Manawag, 2000).
Moreover, Hartman and Kester (1968) reported that application of growth
regulators to the cuttings is important for the improvement of the quality of roots formed
in the stimulations of rooting periods of cuttings. In 1995, they recommended NAA and
IBA to generate use in rooting stem cutting of the majority of the plant species. They
revealed that IBA was already tested for its activity in promoting roots in the stem

Effect of ANAA Concentrations on the Rooting of the Shoot Tip Cuttings of
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segments. Results showed that IBA and NAA, although not normally occurring, were
even more, effective than naturally occurring.

Hormone Concentration

Adriance and Brinson (1955) reported that growth regulators are more effective if
the concentration relations are just concentrations of regulators do not produce
abnormalities in root formation and necrosis on tissues.

As studied by Dela Rosa (2000) she found out that application of 1000ppm and
750ppm ANAA improved the rooting of Medinilla shoot tip cuttings. Furthermore, Macli
ing (2004) stated that dipping of Milflores shoot tip cuttings in 500ppm ANAA is the best
concentration since it hastened early root initiation promoted the production of the longer
roots and more produced per cuttings.

Misting
Misting in sprinkling water can increase relative humidity, thus transpiration has
to be slowed down by keeping the relative humidity high in the vicinity of the cuttings
and keeping the temperature relatively lower.

Root formation in cutting is not only affected by hormones but also by other
factors like environment, rooting medium, chemical treatment, mechanical treatments as
well as the plant itself as a factor ( Adriance and Brinson, 1955).

Effect of ANAA Concentrations on the Rooting of the Shoot Tip Cuttings of
the Three Varieties of Medinilla / Apolonia B. Cayabas. 2010

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MATERIALS AND METHODS

The materials used in the study were shoot tip cuttings of the three varieties of
Medinilla, rooting hormones (ANAA), pruning shear, 6x6 inches polyethylene bags,
graduated cylinder, measuring stick, and rooting media (sandy loam and compost, 1:1).
Experimental design and treatments. The experiment were laid out in factorial
Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 samples per treatment replicated three
times. Factor A were the three varieties of medinilla , different concentrations of ANAA
were the factor B.

Shoot Tip Preparation
The shoot tip cuttings were properly cleaned and the stem ends were cut into
slanting cuttings were dipped in the different concentrations of ANAA for 30 minutes,
and then sticked into the prepared rooting media. Cuttings were misted twice a day to
ensure sufficient moisture as shown in Figure 1.

Treatments
Factor A - Varieties of Medinilla Factor B- ANAA Concentration
V1 - Medinilla cumingii T1 - distilled water
V2 - Medinilla scotechenii T2 - 500ppm (half strength)
V3 - Medinilla dolichophylla T3 - 1000ppm (full strength)

Effect of ANAA Concentrations on the Rooting of the Shoot Tip Cuttings of
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Figure 1. Overview of the study one month from sticking of Medinilla shoot tip cuttings

Data Gathered
1. Days from sticking to root initiation. This was taken by counting the days
from sticking to root initials.
2. Number of days from planting to transplanting (3cm). This was taken by
counting the days from sticking to 3cm root formation.
3. Average number of roots produce per plant. This was taken by counting the
roots that were produced per cuttings after 60 days using the formula:
Average roots produce/ cuttings= Total Number of Roots Produced
Number of Samples Rooted
4. Average root length (cm). This was taken by measuring the longest of all roots
that will be develop per stem two months from sticking of cuttings.

Effect of ANAA Concentrations on the Rooting of the Shoot Tip Cuttings of
the Three Varieties of Medinilla / Apolonia B. Cayabas. 2010

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5. Rooting percentage. This was taken by counting the number of cuttings rooted
after 60 days using the formula:
% Rooting= Number of Rooted Cuttings X 100
Total Number of Cuttings

6. Percentage of survival. This was obtained by counting the number of cuttings that
survived using the formula:
% Survival= Cuttings Survived X 100
Total Number of Samples
7. Documentation. Documentation of the study was done through taking of pictures
based on the data to be gathered.

Effect of ANAA Concentrations on the Rooting of the Shoot Tip Cuttings of
the Three Varieties of Medinilla / Apolonia B. Cayabas. 2010

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Days to Visible Root Initials

Effect of variety. There were no significant differences obtained on the number
of days from sticking to root initials as shown in Table 1.
Effect of ANAA concentrations. Highly significant differences prevail on the
numbers of days from sticking to production of root initials. Earlier rooting was
significantly noted in shoot tip cuttings that were treated with full strength ANAA but
statistically comparable with cuttings treated with half strength ANAA.
These results could be explain by Bleasedale (1973) who stated that although
hormones were known to promote earlier rooting in various kind of cuttings, it is
important to take into consideration that individual plants species and cultivars need
specific concentration to be used. In addition, Ingels (1994) stated that rooting hormones
are generally used to aid in root formation, some plants more easily than others are
because they produce higher level of natural hormones. These plants need less synthetic
rooting hormones to root satisfactorily.
Interaction effect. There was no significant interaction effects observed between
the different ANAA concentration varieties about the number of days from planting to
the production of root initials.
Figures 2 to 4 show the rooting characteristics of the three varieties of Medinilla
rooted in the three different concentrations of ANAA.

Effect of ANAA Concentrations on the Rooting of the Shoot Tip Cuttings of
the Three Varieties of Medinilla / Apolonia B. Cayabas. 2010

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Table 1. Number of days from sticking to root initials

TREATMENT (DAYS)

Variety
Medinilla cumingii 24.889a
Medinilla scotechenii 27.556a
Medinilla dolichphylla 26.667a

ANAA Concentration
Control 33.444a
Half strength 24.000b
Full strength 21.667b

Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level of DMRT

Figure 2. Rooting characteristics of Medinilla cumingii two months from sticking. From
Left (T1) control, (T2) half strength, (T3) full strength

Effect of ANAA Concentrations on the Rooting of the Shoot Tip Cuttings of
the Three Varieties of Medinilla / Apolonia B. Cayabas. 2010

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Figure 3. Rooting characteristics of Medinilla cumingii two months from sticking. From
left (T1) control, (T2) half strength, (T3) full strength.

Figure 4. Rooting characteristics of Medinilla cumingii two months from sticking. From
left (T1) control, (T2) half strength, (T3) full strength.

Days to Transplanting From Sticking
Effect of variety. Table 2 shows that Medinilla cumingii and Medinilla
dolichopylla significantly had the least number of days from sticking to transplanting. On
the other hand, significantly longer duration to transplanting was observed on the cuttings
of Medinilla scotechenii.
Effect of ANNA concentrations. There were no significant differences on the
number of days to transplanting but shoot tip cuttings dipped in full strength had the
shortest days to transplanting compared to the two concentrations.
These results can be explained by Weaver (1972) and Hartmann and Kester
(1975) who reported that the application of growth regulators is important for the
stimulation of root initiation and for the acceleration of rooting periods of cuttings. Ingels
(2000) also added that commercially available growth regulators accelerate root

Effect of ANAA Concentrations on the Rooting of the Shoot Tip Cuttings of
the Three Varieties of Medinilla / Apolonia B. Cayabas. 2010

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Table 2. Number of days from sticking to transplanting

TREATMENT NUMBER OF DAYS

Variety
Medinilla cumingii 18.333b
Medinilla scotechenii 21.667a
Medinilla dolichphylla 18.556b

ANAA Concentration
Control 20.000a
Half strength 19.889a
Full strength 18.667a

Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level of DMRT

formation such as the auxins which can speed rooting time considerably, assuming other
requirements for the growth are not limited
Interaction effect. Statistical analysis shows that there were no significant
differences observed on the combination of varieties and ANAA concentrations.

Number of Roots Per Cuttings

Effect Variety. Significantly higher average number of roots per cuttings were
obtained from Medinilla dolichophylla shoot tip cuttings with a mean of 7.444 from two
months of sticking compared to the two varieties is shown in Table 3.
These results confirm the report of Weighing (1969) that different varieties of a
given species have been found to have different number of roots.

Effect of ANAA Concentrations on the Rooting of the Shoot Tip Cuttings of
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Table 3. Average number of roots per cuttings

TREATMENT NUMBER OF ROOTS

Variety
Medinilla cumingii 3.889b
Medinilla scotechenii 1.667c
Medinilla dolichphylla 7.444a

ANAA Concentration
Control 2.222b
Half strength 4.889a
Full strength 5.889a

Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level of DMRT

Effect of ANAA concentrations. Statistical analysis showed that shoot tip cuttings
dipped on the full strength ANAA significantly produced the highest number of roots
followed those treated with half strength ANAA. Significantly, the lowest numbers of
roots were obtained in the control (untreated cuttings).
Interaction effect. The interaction effect between the varieties of Medinilla and
the different ANAA concentrations were not significant.

Average Root Length
Effect of variety. Table 4 shows that although comparable to each other, Medinilla
dolichophylla and Medinilla scotechenii significantly produced longer roots compared to
Medinilla cumingii.

Effect of ANAA Concentrations on the Rooting of the Shoot Tip Cuttings of
the Three Varieties of Medinilla / Apolonia B. Cayabas. 2010

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Table 4. Average root length of the Medinilla varieties and ANAA concentrations

TREATMENT ROOT LENGTH
(cm)

Variety
Medinilla cumingii 1.222b
Medinilla scotechenii 0.856b
Medinilla dolichphylla 2.019a

ANAA Concentration
Control 1.079a
Half strength 1.567a
Full strength 1.452a

Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level of DMRT

This finding as explained by Nye and Tinker (1977) that their differences are in
the rooting patterns of different plant species. Every species has its inherent genetic
make-up that made the response in rooting different.
Effect ANAA concentrations. There were no significant differences observed on
the average root length as affected by the different ANAA concentrations although all the
treatments are comparable.
Interaction effect. There were no significant interaction effect observed on the
combination of varieties and ANAA concentrations with regards to the length of roots
produced in the shoot tip cuttings of Medinilla.

Rooting Percentage
Effect of variety. Statistically differences on the percentage of rooting are highly
significant (Table 5). Highest percentage of rooting was obtained in the shoot tip cuttings
of Medinilla dolichophylla with a mean of 75 followed by shoot tip cuttings of Medinilla

Effect of ANAA Concentrations on the Rooting of the Shoot Tip Cuttings of
the Three Varieties of Medinilla / Apolonia B. Cayabas. 2010

15

scotechenii, while lowest percentage of rooting was obtained in the shoot tip cuttings of
Medinilla cumingii.
This finding can be explained by Brown (1996) who stated that using rooting
hormones increased the percentage of rooting in cuttings that take and therefore grow
vigorously resulting in healthy daughter plants. However, different plant species have
different limits of rooting hormones concentration as shown in the above results.
Effect of ANAA concentrations. No significant differences observed on the
percentage of rooting after 60 days of sticking on the shoot tip cuttings of Medinilla
varieties as affected by different ANAA concentrations.
Results showed that shoot tip cuttings dipped in the different concentrations of
ANAA had comparable abilities to survive during the rooting process.
Interaction effect. Statistically, analysis revealed that the different shoot tip
cuttings of Medinilla and the different ANAA concentrations had no significant
interaction effect on the percentage of root cuttings 60 days after sticking.

Table 5. Rooting percentage

TREATMENT ROOTING PERCENTAGE

Variety
Medinilla cumingii 52.036a
Medinilla scotechenii 59.443 ab
Medinilla dolichphylla 78.000a

ANAA Concentration
Control 59.518a
Half strength 59.443a
Full strength 70.518a

Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level of DMRT

Effect of ANAA Concentrations on the Rooting of the Shoot Tip Cuttings of
the Three Varieties of Medinilla / Apolonia B. Cayabas. 2010

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Percentage Survival
Effect of variety. Table 6 shows that there were no significant differences on the
percent survival of shoot tip cuttings as affected by the different the varieties of
Medinilla.
Effect of ANAA concentrations. There were no significant differences on the
effect of the different ANAA concentrations with regards to the percent survival of the
cuttings after 60 days of observations.
Interaction effect. The interaction effect between the different varieties of
Medinilla and different concentrations of ANAA had no significant effect on the percent
survival of shoot tip cuttings after 60 days of sticking on the rooting media.

Table 6. Percentage survival

TREATMENT PERCENTAGE SURVIVAL

Variety
Medinilla cumingii 70.667a
Medinilla scotechenii 74.333a
Medinilla dolichphylla 85.333a

ANAA Concentration
Control 74.333a
Half strength 78.000a
Full strength 78.000a

Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5 % level of DMRT

Effect of ANAA Concentrations on the Rooting of the Shoot Tip Cuttings of
the Three Varieties of Medinilla / Apolonia B. Cayabas. 2010

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SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary

Matured shoot tip cuttings of the different varieties of Medinilla dipped on the
different concentrations of ANAA such as full strength and half strength to determine the
effect of ANAA concentrations on the different varieties of Medinila and to determine
the rooting characteristics of the Medinilla shoot tip cuttings treated with different ANAA
concentrations.
Results revealed that there were no significant differences on the effect of
varieties on the first appearance of roots. However, highly significant differences are
noted on the Medinilla dolichophylla and Medinilla cumingii respectively on the
readiness of transplanting. Medinilla dolichophylla significantly produce the highest
number of roots, longer roots and higher rooting percentage compared to the two other
varieties. There were no significant differences obtained on the percentage survival as
affected by the different varieties.
Shoot tip cuttings that were treated with full strength ANAA significantly
promoted earlier rooting. Moreover, no significant differences were noted on the
readiness of transplanting, root length, rooting percentage and percentage survival.
However, highly significant was noted on the number of roots per cuttings, significantly
promoted by shoot tip cutting dipped on full strength.
Statistically analysis revealed that there were no significant differences in all of
the results on the effect of combined varieties and ANAA concentrations.

Effect of ANAA Concentrations on the Rooting of the Shoot Tip Cuttings of
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Conclusion
Based from the results of the study, shoot tip cuttings of different Medinilla
varieties do not requires root hormone specifically, ANAA for the faster production of
roots but it is needed for the production of more roots and longer roots specifically, the
used of full strength ANAA. Shoot tip cuttings of different Medinilla varieties can be
used as propagules.

Recommendation

Full strength is recommended for the production of more number and longer roots
in shoot tip cuttings of Medinilla. Medinilla dolichophylla and Medinilla scotechenii are
good propagules for faster and uniform rooting.

Effect of ANAA Concentrations on the Rooting of the Shoot Tip Cuttings of
the Three Varieties of Medinilla / Apolonia B. Cayabas. 2010

19

LITERATURE CITED

ADRIANCE, G. W. and F. R. BRINZON. 1955. Propagation of Horticulture Plants.
New York: McGraw- Hill Books, Inc. pp. 119-131.

BAYENG, B. O. 1999. Response of Soot Tip Cuttings of Spray Type Mums
(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) to Rooting Techniques. BS Thesis
(Unpub.)BSU, La Trinidad Benguet. P. 29.

BROWN, L. V. 1996. Applied Principles of Horticultural Science. Linane House, Jordan
Hill , Oxford: Butterworth-Hienemann. Pp.36-40.

BLEASEDALE, J.K.A 1973.Plant Physiology in Relation to Horticulture. Connecticut:
Ellis Mac Millam. Pp. 150-155

DELA ROSA, J. P. 2000. Rooting Characteristics of Medinilla (Medinilla Magnifica,
Lindi) As Affected by DifferentConcentration of ANAA. P. 26.

EDMUND, J. S., F. S. ANDREW and T.L. SEN. 1978. Fundamentals of Horticulture.
New York: McGraw-Hill Books Co., Inc. P.197.

FLETCHER, W. W and R. C. KIRLWOOD. 1982. Herbicides and Plant Growth
Regulators. Great Britain: Granada Publishing, Ltd. P. 810. Delimar Publisher
Inc. Pp. 316-318.

HARTMAN, H. T. and D. C. KESTER. 1975. Plant Propagation Principles and
Prentice Hall of India Private Limited. New Delhi, India. Pp. 208-211.

HARTMAN, H. T. and D. C. KESTER. 1968. Plant Propagation Principle and Practices
Prentice Hall New Delhi India. Pp. 305-518.

INGELS, J. E. 1994. Ornamental Horticulture Science, Operations and Management.
Delmar Publishers, Inc. Pp. 49, 53-54.

INGELS, J. E.2000. Ornamental Horticulture: Science, Operation, and Management.
New York: Delmar Publ., Inc. Pp. 346-351.

MACLI-ING, G. B. 2004. Rooting Characteristics of Milflores (Hydrangea
Macrophylla) as Affected by Kinds of Stem Cuttings and Different Rooting
Hormones. BS Thesis. BSU, La Trinidad Benguet. Pp .3-6

MANAWAG, A. L. 2000. Response of Stem Cutting of Oriental Arboutae( Thija
Orientale) to Different Rooting Hormones BS Thesis BSU, La Trinidad Benguet.
Pp. 22-23.

Effect of ANAA Concentrations on the Rooting of the Shoot Tip Cuttings of
the Three Varieties of Medinilla / Apolonia B. Cayabas. 2010

20

NYE, N.H and P.B TINKER 1973, Solute Movement in Soil . Root System. Studies in
Soil-Root System. Studies in Ecology. Anderson, DJ. (ed). Blackwell Scientific
Publication, Osney Mead, Oxford, Oxzoel. 4: 196,197.

REILEY, E. and O. L. SHRY, J. R.2002. Introductory Horticulture USA: Thompson
Learning, Inc. Pp. 229-305.

SMITH, H. 1982. Light Quality Photo perception and Plant Strategy. Ann: Rev. Plant
Physio.33:481-518.

WEAVER, R.T.1972. Plant Growth Substances in Agriculture. San Francisco, California:
W.H. Freeman and Co. p .128.

WEIGHING, M. B. 1969. Plant Physiology of Plant Grower and Development.
New Delhi, India:Tata-McGraw Hill Publ. CO. Ltd. P.298.

Effect of ANAA Concentrations on the Rooting of the Shoot Tip Cuttings of
the Three Varieties of Medinilla / Apolonia B. Cayabas. 2010

21

APPENDICES

Appendix Table 1. Number of days from sticking to root initials

TREATMENT REPLICATION TOTAL MEAN
I II III
V1T1
35
36
32
103
34.333
V1T2
26
25
20
71
23.667
V1T3
20
14
16
50
16.667
V2T1
35
30
30
95
31.667
V2T2
29
20
26
75
25.000
V2T3
24
30
24
78
26.000
V3T1
38
35
30
103
34.333
V3T2
19
22
29
70
24.000
V3T3
26
17
24
67
21.667

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES OF SUM OF MEAN OF COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES F 0.05 0.01
Factor A 2 33.185 16.593 1.15ns 3.55 6.01
Factor B 2 700.074 350.037 24.1714** 3.55 6.01
AB 4 118.370 29.593 2.04ns 2.93 4.58
Error 18 14.481 12.676

Total 26 1112.296

Ns. Not significant; * = Significant; ** = Highly significant
Coefficient of variance= 14.43%

Effect of ANAA Concentrations on the Rooting of the Shoot Tip Cuttings of
the Three Varieties of Medinilla / Apolonia B. Cayabas. 2010

22

Appendix Table 2. Number of days from sticking to transplanting

TREATMENT REPLICATION TOTAL MEAN
I II III
V1T1
18
20
19
57
19.000
V1T2
19
20
19
58
19.333
V1T3
16
15
19
50
16.667
V2T1
20
26
18
64
21.333
V2T2
24
23
19
66
22.000
V2T3
24
19
22
65
21.667
V3T1
19
20
20
59
19.667
V3T2
17
19
19
55
18.333
V3T3
16
19
18
53
17.667

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES OF SUM OF MEAN OF COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES F 0.05 0.01
Factor A 2 62.519 31.259 6.9752** 3.55 6.01
Factor B 2 9.852 4.926 1.10ns 3.55 6.01
AxB 4 9.704 4.246 0.54ns 2.93 4.58
Error 18 80.667 4.481

Total 26 162.741
Ns. Not significant; * = Significant; ** = Highly significant
Coefficient of variance= 10.85%

Effect of ANAA Concentrations on the Rooting of the Shoot Tip Cuttings of
the Three Varieties of Medinilla / Apolonia B. Cayabas. 2010

23

Appendix Table 3. Average number of roots

TREATMENT REPLICATION TOTAL MEAN
I II III
V1T1
2
1
2
5
1.667
V1T2
3
7
3 13
4.333
V1T3
5
4
8 17
5.667
V2T1
1
1
1
3
1.000
V2T2
1
2
2
5
1.667
V2T3
2
2
3
7
2.333
V3T1
4
4
4 12
4.000
V3T2
9
9
8 26
8.667
V3T3 12
7 10 29
9.667

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES OF SUM OF MEAN OF COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES F 0.05 0.01

Factor A 2 152.889 76.444 39.6923** 3.55 6.01
Factor B 2 64.66 32.333 16.7885** 3.55 6.01
AxB 4 17.778 4.444 2.31ns 2.93 4.58
Error 18 34.667 1.926

Total 26 270.00

Ns. Not significant; * = Significant; ** = Highly significant
Coefficient of variance=32.03%

Effect of ANAA Concentrations on the Rooting of the Shoot Tip Cuttings of
the Three Varieties of Medinilla / Apolonia B. Cayabas. 2010

24

Appendix Table 4. Root Length (cm)

TREATMENT REPLICATION TOTAL MEAN
I II III
V1T1
1.4
1.5
1.0
3
1.300
V1T2
1.9
1.2
1.5
4
1.533
V1T3
1.0
1.0
1.0
3
1.000
V2T1
0.6
0.8
1.0
2
0.800
V2T2
1.0
0.5
0.8
2
0.767
V2T3
1.4
1.5
1.3
4
1.400
V3T1
2.5
3.8
1.5
7
2.600
V3T2
2.7
1.2
2.3
6
2.057
V3T3
0.5
1.0
1.0
2
0.883

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES OF SUM OF MEAN OF COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES F 0.05 0.01

Factor A 2 6.367 3.184 12.4329** 3.55 6.01
Factor B 2 1.177 0.588 2.30ns 3.55 6.01
AxB 4 1.847 0.462 1.80ns 2.93 4.58
Error 18 4.609 0.256

Total 26 14.001
Ns. Not significant; * = Significant; ** = Highly significant
Coefficient of variance=37.06%

Effect of ANAA Concentrations on the Rooting of the Shoot Tip Cuttings of
the Three Varieties of Medinilla / Apolonia B. Cayabas. 2010

25

Appendix Table 5. Rooting percentage

TREATMENT REPLICATION TOTAL MEAN
I II III
V1T1
33.3
33.3
67.0
133
44.553
V1T2
33.3
67.0
67.0
167
55.777
V1T3
67.0
33.3
67.0
167
55.777
V2T1
67.0
67.0
67.0
201
67.000
V2T2
33.3
67.0
33.3
133
44.553
V2T3
67.0
33.3 100.0
200
66.777
V3T1
67.0
67.0
67.0
201
67.000
V3T2
67.0
67.0 100.0
234
78.000
V3T3 100.0
67.0 100.0
267
89.000

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES OF SUM OF MEAN OF COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES F 0.05 0.01

Factor A 2 3220.132 1610.066 4.3271* 3.55 6.01
Factor B 2 730.947 363.473 0.98ns 3.55 6.01
AxB 4 1244.759 311.190 0.84ns 2.93 4.58
Error 18 6697.636 372.091

Total 26 11893.474

Ns. Not significant; * = Significant; ** = Highly significant
Coefficient of variance=30.54%

Effect of ANAA Concentrations on the Rooting of the Shoot Tip Cuttings of
the Three Varieties of Medinilla / Apolonia B. Cayabas. 2010

26

Appendix Table 6. Percentage survival

TREATMENT REPLICATION TOTAL MEAN
I II III
V1T1
67.0
67.0
67.0
201
67.000
V1T2
67.0 67.0 100.0
234
78.000
V1T3
67.0
67.0
67.0
201
67.000
V2T1
67.0 100.0
67.0
234
78.000
V2T2
67.0
67.0
67.0
201
67.000
V2T3
67.0
67.0 100.0
234 78.000
V3T1 100.0
67.0
67.0
234
78.000
V3T2
67.0 100.0 100.0
267
89.000
V3T3 100.0
67.0 100.0
267
89.000

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SOURCE OF DEGREES OF SUM OF MEAN OF COMPUTED TABULATED F
VARIANCE FREEDOM SQUARES SQUARES F 0.05 0.01

Factor A 2 1048.667 24.333 2.17ns 3.55 6.01
Factor B 2 80.667 40.333 0.17ns 3.55 6.01
AxB 4 645.333 161.333 0.67ns 2.93 4.58
Error 18 6697.636 242.000

Total 26 6130.000
Ns. Not significant; * = Significant; ** = Highly significant
Coefficient of variance=20.26%

Effect of ANAA Concentrations on the Rooting of the Shoot Tip Cuttings of
the Three Varieties of Medinilla / Apolonia B. Cayabas. 2010

Document Outline

Effect of ANAA Concentrations onthe Rooting of the Shoot Tip Cuttings of the Three Varieties of Medinilla.
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
  - Cutting as Propagules
  - Rooting Hormones
  - Hormone Concentration
  - Misting
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
  - Days to Visible Root Initials
  - Days to Transplanting From Sticking
  - Number of Roots Per Cuttings
  - Average Root Length
  - Rooting Percentage
  - Percentage Survival
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
  - Summary
  - Conclusion
  - Recommendation
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES