BIBLIOGRAPHY BALAJO, MIRRIAM E. APRIL 2010. Growth...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BALAJO, MIRRIAM E. APRIL 2010. Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding
Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija Condition. Benguet State University,
La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Danilo P. Padua, Ph. D.
ABSTRACT
Ten different high yielding varieties of rice were planted to identify the best
adapted variety/ies in terms of yield, resistance to pests and diseases, and return on cash
expenses; identify the acceptability of the farmers and consumers; and determine the
return on cash expenses of growing high yielding rice varieties under Barangay Palale,
General Tinio, Nueva Ecija condition from November 2009 to March 2010.
NSIC Rc 146 and NSIC Rc 138 had the highest grain yield of 5.33kg per 12 m2
recorded the highest number of productive tillers, longest panicle at harvest, tallest plants
and were found resistant to stemborer and blast. Both varieties also exhibit the highest
return on cash expenses (7.52%).
NSIC Rc 140 and NSIC Rc 130, and PSB 28 (Control) may also be considered as
good varieties as they recorded the highest grains per panicle, highest filled grains and
unfilled grains and also exhibited a good return on cash expenses. .
The other varieties used were not well-adapted to the area as they were affected
by moisture stress that prevailed in the area during the conduct of the experiment as
shown by their low grain yield and shorter height.
It was observed that PSB 28 (Control), NSIC RC 134 and NSIC Rc 150 had soft
grains just after cooking and even after it was stored overnight. Both were acceptable to
the farmer and housewife respondents
NSIC Rc 138 and NSIC Rc 146, therefore, are highly recommended under
Barangay Palale, General Tinio, Nueva Ecija.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography…………………………………………………………………... i
Abstract………………………………………………………………………..
i
Table of Contents………………………………………………………………
iii
INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………….
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE…………………………………………………
3
MATERIALS AND METHODS……………………………………………...
8
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………………………………
15
Agroclimatic Data ………………………………………………….....
15
Number of Days from Transplanting
to Recovery……………………………………..…………....................
16
Number of Days from Transplanting
to Tillering ……………………………………………………………..
16
Number of Days from Transplanting
to Booting ………………………………………………………….. ...
16
Number of Days from Transplanting
to Heading ………………….................................................................
17
Number of Days from Transplanting
to Maturity …………………..………………………………………...
18
Number of Productive Tillers per Hill …………………………………
20
Plant Height at Maturity ……………………………………………….
20
Length of Panicle at Harvest …………………………………………..
21
Number of Grains per Panicle …………………………………………
22
Number of Filled and Unfilled
Grains per Panicle ……………………………………………………..
23
Reaction to Blast Incidence (neck rot) …………………………….......
24
Reaction to Stemborer Incidence ……………………………………...
24
Weight of 1000 Filled Grains ………………………………………….
25
Yield per 12m2 …………………………………………………...........
25
Computed Yield per Hectare …………………………………………..
25
Return on Cash Expenses ………………………………………….......
27
Texture of Cooked Rice ……………………………………………….
28
General Acceptability ………………………………………………….
30
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION………………
31
Summary ……………………………………………………………....
31
Conclusion …………………………………………………………….
32
Recommendation ……………………………………………………...
32
LITERATURE CITED………………………………………………………..
34
APPENDICES………………………………………………………………...
39
INTRODUCTION
Rice is the world’s single most important food crop and a primary food for more
than a third of the world’s population (IRRI, 2006). Rice production and consumption are
concentrated in Asia where more than 90% of all the rice is found. It is the only grain
crop which can be grown under diverse climatic and soil topographical conditions (Pal
and Dekas, 1996).
In the Philippines, 80% of the Filipino households devote at least half of their
expenditure to food and about a quarter of it is used for rice (Virmani & Hardy, 2003).
Thus, over the next 25 years, at least 65% more rice relative to year 2000 production
volume would be needed to adequately feed the Philippine population.
Nueva Ecija Province, dubbed as the “rice bowl of the Philippines”, is the largest
and biggest rice producing province in Central Luzon. Approximately 3,080 hectares in
the town are rice fields in which 954 hectares have proper irrigation while 2,126 hectares
are rain-fed. In General Tinio, Nueva Ecija the average rice production in rain-fed areas
is 80 cavans per hectare. Rice production in the irrigated area is 95,400 cavans or an
average yield of 100 cavans per hectare (BAS, 2009).
However, majority of the people in Barangay Palale, General Tinio, Nueva Ecija,
still depend on NFA (National Food Authority) rice. This problem is obviously due to
shortage and low yield of rice varieties. The rice shortage is brought about by the
growing population, decreasing production area and unpredictability of climate. In
addition, there is apparent degeneration of the existing varieties planted in the area in
terms of plant resistance to pest and disease. The continuous evaluation of new high
yielding varieties of rice that will be suited in a certain location is one way to address
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
2
such concern. Therefore it is important to introduce different high yielding rice varieties
in order to identify varieties with better adaptability, greater resistance to pests and
diseases and higher yield.
The result of this study could also serve as guide in selecting high yielding
varieties for production. It may help convince local farmers to plant selected high
yielding varieties and corresponding increase in their income. The study will be
conducted to:
The study was conducted to:
1. evaluate the growth and yield of ten high yielding rice varieties under Barangay
Palale, General Tinio, Nueva Ecija condition;
2. identify the best adapted variety/ies under Barangay Palale, General Tinio,
Nueva Ecija condition in terms of yield, resistance to pests and diseases and return on
cash expenses;
3. identify the acceptability of the farmers and consumers; and
4. determine the return on cash expenses of growing high yielding rice varieties in
General Tinio, Nueva Ecija.
The study was conducted at a farmer’s field in Barangay Palale, General Tinio,
Nueva Ecija from November 2009 to March 2010
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Varietal Evaluation
Varietal evaluation is necessary for adaptability in a given location and it is also
necessary to observe characters such as earliness, vigor maturity, yield and keeping
quality because varieties have wide range of difference in size and yielding performance
cited by Bawat (2004).
GMA Rice program stated that expansion of hybrid rice cultivation is one of their
focus to achieve the goal two of DA which is enhancing productivity to reduce the price
of wage, good’s and increasing farmers income. At present hybrid rice is the only
available genetic tool for increasing the yield potential of rice on the average farmer can
get an additional 1,272kg rice/ ha using the hybrid ,as compared with yield obtain in
PhilRice trial come from mestizo at 12t/ha in Cagayan and Bohol province (DA 2005-
2006).
High grain of rice can be achieved only though a proper combination of variety,
agronomic practices and environment. Of these three factors variety and agronomic
practices can be manipulated.
Chagwasi (1996) stated that under Tabuk, Kalinga condition, PSB Rc18 produced
the highest yield among 10 high yielding varieties studies. However Valera (2003), fund
that planting PSB Rc18 in Nalbuan, Baay-Licuan Abra, was the earliest to mature
although produce low grain yield.
Five inbred and hybrid varieties of rice evaluated in Nalbuan, Baay-Licuan Abra,
PSB Rc46 produce the highest grain yield and hybrid mestizo had the highest weight of
1000 filled grains and its yield is comparable to inbred PSB Rc46 (Valera, 2003). Also in
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
4
Barangay Tukod, San Rafael Bulacan one farmer who tried planting mestizo reveled
that hybrid mestizo gives a high yield and he harvested 150 cavan’s /ha in his first trial
(Samonte, 2009).
Batane (2004) stated that under Barangay Bilis Burgos, La Union, PSB Rc28 was
the earliest to mature while PSB Rc96 has the highest grain yield/plot and per hectare
among eight varieties studies. On white heads evaluation SL8 and PSB Rc96 were rated
resistant. However (Siteng, 2005) fund that planting SL8 in Kadayakan, Maria Aurora
showed that SL8 acquired the highest grain yield for both per plot and / ha (3.58 and
5332.32 kg) and SL8 were also resistant to white heads.
Seven varieties of rice were evaluated in Publacion Kibungan, Benguet. Result
showed that PSB Rc 96 and PSB Rc28 were the earliest to mature. SN-73 had the highest
grain yield (Belino, 2005).
Seven varieties of rice were planted and evaluated at Bugayong, Binalonan
Pangasinan. Result showed that NSIC Rc138 recorded the highest number of productive
tillers and gained the highest number of grain pert panicle. It obtained 3.31 to 2.06 tons
per plot and per hectare. However it was the PSB Rc82 who is the earliest to mature
(Urbano, 2008).
Water and fertilizer Requirement
Uptake of water is the first need for germination, irregular rainfall means slowed
and uneven seedling growth. Severe drought will kill the seedling.
Water stress must be avoided while rice plant is still growing to prevent retards
on the growth and reduced tillers, large amount of unfilled grains is due to lack of water.
Also insufficient water result to wilting, that reduced the capacity of the plant to
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
5
produced and transport its food (Urbano, 2008).
The use of proper doses of nutrients, nitrogen (N) in particular, is important to
attain high yielding and efficient nutrients use in intensive rice ecosystem.
IRRI (1986) stated that basal fertilizer application with a combined P and K level
of 30 to 40 kg/ha each of P 20 and K 20 help early seedling vigor and stand
establishment, rapid coverage of the field by ice foliage with consequent reduction of
weed population.
Tillering ability
The number of tiller per plot increase as the distance between plant increases.
However the number of tiller per square meter reduces when you do wide spacing of
plants, also close spacing will result in mutual shading, less tiller and lanky plant which
are susceptible to lodging (Arraedeau and Vergara, 1988).
A combination of high tillering ability and compact or nonspreading culm
arrangement is desirable for all rice farmers. Compact culms that are moderately erect
allow increased solar radiation to tillers and less mutual shading per unit of land area. In
improved plant, heavy tillering is prepared over medium or low tillering, because dwarf
does not have an optimum leaf area index and heavy tillering does not result in excessive
plant size or mutual shading. Those leaf thicknesses have been related to high yielding
ability through increased photosynthetic rate per unit of leaf area. However some highly
productive varieties have relatively thin leaves when either transplanted or direct seeded.
These suggest that the character does not have an important and direct relationship to
yield potential.
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
6
Effect of Temperature
Rice can be grown most successfully in regions that have a mean temperature of
about 23.89ºC or above during the entire growing season of 4-5 months. Rice yield are
higher in warm temperature regions that have a low summer rainfall than in the humid
tropics where rice disease and soil of low fertility are more prevalent (Martin & Stamp,
1976).
For paddy rice water temperature is a major determinant of growth and yield. In
rice paddies water temperature and difference significantly affect production, especially
in cool climates. However, there is no model to evaluate the effect of water temperature
on rice yield.
Cultural management
Biag (2009) emphasizes that practice synchronizes planting after a fallow period
will helps prevent pest build-up. Also it is a good start in rice production for it prevents
the overlapping of population of insect and disease. Proper sanitation most be done by
removing all straw piles in the paddies after harvest and minimizes size of levees to 15cm
wide x 20cm high to avoid rat burrows and by removing seedling with stem borer egg
masses before transplanting.
Preservation of beneficial insect, close monitoring, through land preparation, plant
resistant varieties and avoid excessive nitrogen.
Harvesting and threshing
Harvest “palay” when 80% of the grains are mature, this is indicated by a yellow
panicle or colored straw. Delay in harvesting may lead to grain shattering. On the other
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
7
hand, early harvesting before maturing produce immature and chalky grains that breaks
easily during milling (PHILRICE, 1997-1998).
Timely harvesting produce the best rice quality, increases rice marketability and
consumer acceptability and increase rice production as a result of production of losses.
Although adverse weather condition often times move the harvesting schedule either a
little earlier or later than desired (PCARRD, BPRE and PARRFI, 2001).
Harvested “palay” must be threshed immediately to minimize field losses and
grain quality problem. Rice should have 14% moisture content or lower to maintain grain
quality during storage. Seeds and area should be cleaned and ensure well ventilated
storage room to avoid rodent attack and have air circulation (PHILRICE, 1997-1998).
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
8
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study tested ten high yielding varieties from Philippine Rice Research Institute
(PhilRice) as follows:
CODE VARIETY
T1 IR64
T2 NSIC Rc 144 (Tubigan 8)
T3 NSIC Rc 134 (Tubigan 4)
T4 NSIC Rc 138 (Tubigan 5)
T5 NSIC Rc 140 (Tubigan 6)
T6 NSIC Rc 150 (Tubigan 9)
T7 NSIC Rc 146 (PJ7)
T8 NSIC Rc 130 (Tubigan 3)
T9 NSIC Rc 154 (Tubigan 11)
T10 PSB Rc 28 (Agno, Control)
Seedbed and land preparation
Ten seedbeds measuring 1m x 1m each were prepared for the ten different
varieties. One variety was sown in each seedbed to avoid mixture. Labels were placed on
each seedbed for proper identification.
An experimental area of 360m² was prepared and was divided into 30 plots with a
measurement of 2m x 6m each. Before transplanting, the soil was puddled and leveled
using "Kuliglig".
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
9
Lay-outing and transplanting
After land preparation, the seedlings were transplanted in designated plots
following the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Each
of the ten varieties was planted with two seedlings per hill on a straight row at a distance
of 20cm x 20cm. Missing hills were replanted within ten days after transplanting.
Fertilizer Application
Two weeks after transplanting, application of fertilizer was done. A mixture of 7
kg of 14-14-14 and 7 kg of urea (42-0-0) was used.
Weeds and Insect Pest Control
Hand weeding was done to avoid competition for water and nutrients. Insect pests
and diseases were controlled to reduce economic loss. Other recommended cultural
practices were followed to ensure high yield.
Determination of Acceptability
Acceptability for cooked rice was determined by a panel of twenty farmers and
consumers. The acceptability of cooked rice was based on tenderness and cohesiveness of
the newly-cooked and left over rice.
Farm Location
Barangay Palale is located in the Northern part of General Tinio, Nueva Ecija.
The distance of Barangay Palale from the city of General Tinio Nueva Ecija is 25 km
from the National highway and it is about 35 km from Cabanatuan City (Fig 1).
The average daily temperature was 22˚C at minimum and 30˚C at maximum.
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
10
Figure 1. Overview of the experimental area
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
11
Barangay Palale has a sandy, loamy, clayey soil and characterized by flat lands to hilly
and rough mountainous areas with a slope of 25 to 80 degree.
This condition of the location fall within the ranges that is suitable for rice
production.
Data gathered:
1. Agroclimatic Data. Temperature, relative humidity, amount of rainfall during
the conduct of the study were taken from Cabanatuan PAGASA office.
2. Number of days from transplanting to recovery. The number of days from
transplanting to period of seedling recovery was recorded when the rice plants were
almost dark green in color.
3. Number of days from transplanting to tillering. This was recorded when 50% of
the total plant started producing tillers.
4. Number of days from transplanting to booting. This was recorded when 50% of
the plants have booted, determined by visual observation when the flag leaf sheath
swelled or showed enlargement.
5. Number of days from transplanting to heading. This was recorded when 50% of
the plants produced panicle.
6. Number of days from transplanting to maturity. This was recorded when 80%
of the grain in the panicle ripened or turned yellow.
7. Number of productive tillers per hill. The number of productive tillers was
counted using ten hills per treatment selected randomly. Only the rice plants that produce
panicles were considered productive.
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
12
8. Plant height at maturity (cm). This was measured from the soil level to the tip
of the panicle using ten samples selected at random.
9. Length of panicle at harvest (cm). This was measured from panicle base to
panicle tip excluding the awn taken at random at harvest.
10. Number of grains per panicle. This was taken using randomly selected ten
sample panicles per plot.
11. Number of filled and unfilled grains per panicle. This was recorded by
counting the number of filled and unfilled grains at maturity.
12. Reaction to blast resistance (neck rot). Evaluation of the severity of rice blast
was taken from the plant at the center rows. Ten sample hills were selected randomly.
Computation of percent infection was done using the formula (PhilRice, 1996):
No. of panicles infected
% infection= X 100
Total no. of panicles
Scale
Description
Rating
1
0-5% are affected by blast
Resistant
2
6-25% are affected by blast
Intermediate
3
26% and above are affected by blast
Susceptible
13. Stem borer incidence. This was determined based on the actual % dead hearts
and white heads using the middle row of the plot as sampling area. Ten sample hills was
selected at random where dead hearts were counted 45 days after transplanting while
white heads, ten days before harvesting. The rating was based on the standard used by
PhilRice (1996).
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
13
Rating Description %Dead heart %White heads
1 Resistant 1-10 1-5
3 Moderate resistant 11-20 6-10
5 Intermediate 21-30 11-15
7 Moderate susceptible 31-60 16-25
9 Susceptible 60 and above 25 and above
14. Weight of 1000 filled grains (g). 1000 seeds were selected at random after
drying at 14% moisture content and then weighed.
15. Yield per plot (kg). Grain yield per plot was taken after drying to 14 %
moisture content (MC) then weighed.
16. Computed yield per hectare (kg). This was taken by converting grain yield per
plot into yield per hectare using ratio and proportion.
Yield per plot (kg) x
Yield /ha= -------------------------- X -------------------------------
12m² 1 hectare (10,000 m2)
17. Return on Cash Expense. This was taken using the formula:
Net Income
ROCE = -------------------------------------- X 100
Total Cost of Production
18. Texture of cooked rice. This was the texture of the ten different varieties of
rice just after cooking and after storing overnight the samples was put in plate together
with spoon and place on the table. It was tested by twenty respondents (10 farmers and 10
housewives). The varieties were evaluated based on the following scale:
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
14
Scale Description
1 Soft
2 Moderately soft
3 Hard
4 Moderately hard
5 Very hard
19. General acceptability. This was taken using the following scale:
Scale Description
1 Like very extremely
2 like very much
3 Like moderate
4 Dislike slightly
5 Neither like nor dislike
Data Analysis
All quantitative data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for
Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The significance of difference among the
treatment means were tested using the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
15
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Agroclimatic Data
Table 1 presents the temperature, relative humidity and rainfall which were
gathered from November 2009 to March 2010. March had the highest temperature with a
minimum of 22.4 ºC and a maximum of 35 ºC while the lowest temperature was recorded
in December with a minimum of 20.5 ºC and a maximum of 32.3 ºC. Relative humidity
ranged from 81-88%. The highest relative humidity was noted in November (88%) while
the lowest was noted in March (81%). November had the highest rainfall of 44.8 mm.
The temperature during the conduct of the study is still favorable to rice plant
since temperature for cool and warm rice production ranges from 16-25 ºC and 25-35 ºC,
respectively (Vergara, 1992).
Table 1. Agroclimatic data from November 2009 to March 2010
MONTH
TEMPERATURE (ºC)
RELATIVE
RAINFALL
MIN MAX
HUMIDITY (%)
(mm)
November
22.6
33.4
88%
44.8
December
20.5 32.3 86 1.0
January
21.0 32.5 84 0.2
February
21.1 34.1 84 +/
Trace
March
22.4
35
81
6.0
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
16
Number of Days from Transplanting to Recovery
Table 2 shows the number of days from transplanting to recovery. It was noted
that NSIC Rc 144 and 146 recovered in 6 days, followed by NSIC Rc 138, NSIC Rc 140
and NSIC Rc 130. The five remaining varieties recovered in 10 days.
PHILRICE (1997-1998) stated that transplanting 2-3 seedlings per hill at a depth
of 2-3 cm into the soil is satisfactory. Too deep planting will delay recovery and reduce
the number of tillers produced.
Number of Days from Transplanting to Tillering
Table 2 shows the number of days from transplanting to tillering. It was recorded
that NSIC Rc 144 produced tillers in 18 days. It was closely followed by NSIC Rc 138,
NSIC Rc 140, NSIC Rc 146 and NSIC Rc 130 which produced tillers in 19 days. IR64
and PSB 28 (control) were the last to produced tillers.
It was observed that early tillering varieties produced more tillers than late
tillering varieties. Also early tillering varieties matured earlier under normal condition.
Early tillering is a desirable trait since tillers tend to be more productive.
Number of Days from Transplanting to Booting
The average number of days from transplanting to booting is shown in Table 2.
NSIC Rc 144, was the earliest to boot in 47 days, which was 1-3 days earlier than the
other varieties. It was followed by NSIC Rc 138, NSIC Rc 140, NSIC Rc 146, NSIC Rc
130 that booted in 50 days or 3 days later than NSIC Rc 144. IR64 and PSB 28 (control)
were late maturing compared to the other three varieties. Number of days from
transplanting to booting may not always be due to varietal characteristic but also to
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
17
Table 2. Number of days from transplanting to recovery, to tillering, to booting, to
heading and transplanting to maturity of ten high yielding rice varieties
NUMBER OF DAYS FROM TRANSPLANTING TO:
VARIETY
RECOVERY
TILLERING BOOTING
HEADING
MATURIY
IR64
10
23
54
64
88
NSIC Rc 144
6 18
47
54
83
NSIC Rc 134
10 22 52
61
86
NSIC Rc 138
8 19
50
64
86
NSIC Rc 140
8 19
50
59
86
NSIC Rc 150
10 22 52
61
86
NSIC Rc 146
6 19
50
59
83
NSIC Rc 130
8 22
52
59
86
NSIC Rc 154
10 22 52
61
86
PSB 28
10 23 54
64
88
(control)
environmental influence such as temperature. Low temperature has been known to delay
booting (Yoshida, 1981).
Number of Days from Transplanting to Heading
Table 2 also shows the number of days from transplanting to heading. NSIC Rc
144 was the earliest to produce heads with a mean of 54 days which was 1-7 days earlier
than the other varieties. IR64 and PSB 28 (control) were the last to produce heads in 64
days after transplanting. This could mean that the varieties which produced heads earlier
are also early maturing. Furthermore, early maturing varieties have lesser exposure to
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
18
different pests and diseases and environmental stresses which gradually affect yield of the
plant.
Number of Days from Transplanting to Maturity
Table 2 shows the number of days from transplanting to maturity. NSIC Rc 144
and NSIC Rc 146 were the earliest to mature in 83 days (Fig. 2). IR64 and PSB 28
(control) were the latest to mature in 88 days. This result could imply that early maturing
varieties have lesser exposure to birds and rats especially during ripening stage.
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
19
IR64
NSIC Rc 144
NSIC Rc 138
NSIC Rc 134
NSIC Rc 140
NSIC Rc 150
NSIC Rc 146
NBSIC Rc 130
NSIC Rc 154
PSB 28(control)
Figure 2. The ten varieties at 80 DAT
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
20
Number of Productive Tillers per Hill
Table 3 shows the number of productive tillers per hill. NSIC Rc 150, NSIC Rc
146, NSIC Rc 140, NSIC Rc 130 produced the most numerous productive tillers with an
average of 9.00. The rest of the varieties recorded the least productive tillers per hill with
an average of 8.00.
Not all tillers produce heads since some tillers may die and others remain in their
vegetative stage due to competition for water, nutrients and sunlight. Therefore
production of tillers may not be a good basis for determining the yield potential of rice
(UPLB, 1983).
Plant Height at Maturity
Plant height at maturity is shown in Table 3. It was recorded that NSIC Rc 146
was the tallest (72.59 cm) among the ten varieties of rice studied. It was followed by
NSIC Rc 138 with an average height of 70.20 cm. IR64 was the smallest with a height of
61.44 cm. The differences are due to the varietal characteristic of the crop. The taller the
plant the weaker they are and more susceptible to lodging or falling when their panicle
turns heavy with grains (Arraedeau and Vergara, 1988).
Taller plants may have higher ability to compete with weeds but it may also cause
spacing problems. Yield reductions due to weeds decreased with increasing plant height
(Yoshida, 1981).
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
21
Table 3. Number of productive tillers per hill and plant height at maturity of ten high
yielding rice varieties
VARIETY PRODUCTIVE TILLER PLANT HEIGHT (cm)
PER HILL 80 DAT
IR64
8.00 61.44c
NSIC Rc 144
9.00 69.64ab
NSIC Rc 134
9.00 68.12b
NSIC Rc 138
9.00 70.20ab
NSIC Rc 140
9.00 67.94b
NSIC Rc 150
9.00 67.51b
NSIC Rc 146
9.00 72.59a
NSIC Rc 130
8.00 69.21ab
NSIC Rc 154
8.00 64.23c
PSB 28 (Control)
8.00 69.45ab
C.V. (%)
6.51 2.75
*Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 0.05 level by DMRT
Length of Panicle at Harvest
The length of panicle at harvest was measured from the panicle base to the panicle
tip excluding the awn. Table 4 shows that PSB 28 (control) had the longest panicle with a
mean of 21.38 cm. It was closely followed by NSIC Rc 138 and NSIC Rc 146 with
means of 21.57 cm and 21.37 cm, respectively. NSIC Rc 144 had the shortest panicle
with a mean of 19.76 cm. It could mean that the longer the panicles could translate to
more grains per panicle.
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
22
Number of Grains per Panicle
The number of grains per panicle is shown in Table 4. It was observed that NSIC
Rc 140 gained the highest number of grains per panicle with a mean of 107, followed by
NSIC Rc 130 with a mean of 98. NSIC Rc 144 had the lowest number of grains per
panicle, which may indicate long spaces between the grains in the panicle. Significant
differences can be attributed to the compactness of the grains in the panicle.
Table 4. Length of panicle at harvest and number of grains per panicle of ten high yielding
rice varieties
VARIETY LENGTH OF PANICLE NUMBER OF GRAINS
AT HARVEST (cm) PER PANICLE
IR64
19.77 89
NSIC Rc 144
19.76 81
NSIC Rc 134
19.77 89
NSIC Rc 138
21.57 91
NSIC Rc 140
20.63 107
NSIC Rc 150
19.97 93
NSIC Rc 146
21.37 93
NSIC Rc 130
20.39 98
NSIC Rc 154
19.81 92
PSB 28 (control)
21.38
84
C.V. (%)
4.67 8.37
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
23
According to Yoshida (1981) low solar or unfavorable condition during
reproductive stage to post flowering reduces the number of grain yield.
Number of Filled and Unfilled Grains
The number of filled and unfilled grains is shown in Table 5. It was observed that
NSIC Rc 140 had the highest number of filled grains with a mean of 93, followed by
NSIC Rc 130 and PSB 28 (control) with a mean of 87 and 83, respectively. IR64 had the
lowest number of filled grains with a mean of 75. On the other hand, NSIC Rc 130 had
the highest number of unfilled grains with a mean of 15 and IR64 gained the lowest
number of unfilled grains.
Table 5. Number of grains per panicle and number of filled and unfilled grains of ten
high yielding rice varieties
VARIETY NUMBER OF FILLED NUMBER OF UNFILLED
GRAINS GRAINS
IR64
75 9
NSIC Rc 144
78 5
NSIC Rc 134
77 12
NSIC Rc 138
79 9
NSIC Rc 140
93 14
NSIC Rc 150
82 9
NSIC Rc 146
81 9
NSIC Rc 130
87 15
NSIC Rc 154
83 12
PSB 28 (control)
83 9
C.V. (%)
7.33 23.64
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
24
PhilRice (2001) stated that while rice plant is still growing, water stress must be
avoided to prevent retardation of growth and reduction of tillers. Large amount of
unfilled grains is due to lack of water. Insufficient water result in wilting, therefore
reducing the capacity of the plant to produce and transport its food. Thus, the high
number of unfilled grains in some varieties may be due to insufficient water.
Yoshida (1981) further stated that low air and water temperature could cause
injuries, such as failure of grains to germinate, delayed flowering, high spikelet sterility
which results to higher unfilled grains per panicle and irregular maturity. High number of
unfilled grains reduced yield.
Reaction to Blast Incidence (Neck Rot)
The reaction to blast incidence (neck rot) of the ten high yielding rice varieties
was recorded. All the rice varieties were found resistant to blast (neck rot). The reaction
was based only on natural condition because there is no inoculation or introduction of
pest and disease in the area of the study. This could be altered if inoculums or pest are
introduced.
Reaction to Stemborer Incidence
Evaluation of stemborer incidence was expressed as dead hearts and white heads.
Dead heart was taken 45 days after transplanting and it was recorded that all of the
varieties were field resistant to dead heart. On white heads evaluation, IR64 and NSIC Rc
150 were rated moderately resistant. Other varieties are resistant to the stemborer.
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
25
Table 6. Reaction to stemborer incidence of ten high yielding rice varieties
VARIETY
DEAD HEARTS
WHITE HEADS
IR64
Resistant Moderately
Resistant
NSIC Rc 144
Resistant Resistant
NSIC Rc 134
Resistant Resistant
NSIC Rc 138
Resistant Resistant
NSIC Rc 140 Resistant
Resistant
NSIC Rc 150
Resistant Moderately
Resistant
NSIC Rc 146 Resistant
Resistant
NSIC Rc 130
Resistant Resistant
NSIC Rc 154
Resistant Resistant
PSB 28 (control)
Resistant Resistant
Weight of 1000 Filled Grains
Table 7 shows the weight of 1000 filled grains. Among the ten varieties
evaluated, it was observed that NSIC Rc 146 gave the highest weight with a mean of 26g
compared to PSB Rc 28 (control) with a mean of 24g. It was followed by NSIC Rc 140
with a mean of 25g. NSIC RC 154 had the lowest weight of 21g. This can be attributed to
the size, shape and fullness of the grains.
Yield per 12 m2 and per Hectare
Table 7 shows yield per 12 sm2 and per hectare of ten high yielding rice varieties.
NSIC Rc 138 and NSIC Rc 146 had gained the highest yield both per plot and per
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
26
hectare (5.33 kg/plot and 4.4 tons/ha) compared to PSB 28 (control) with a mean of 4.23
kg/plot and 4.11 tons/ ha. NSIC Rc 144 has the lowest grain yield. The highly significant
difference could be due to number of grains per panicle produced and length of panicle
which could translate into more grains per panicle.
The low yield of the ten rice varieties may be due to the onset of El Niño
phenomena during the growth of the plants. According to PCCARD (1983), rice has three
critical stages wherein moisture deficit reduce grain yield substantially. These are (1)
transplanting period (or seedling establishment), (2) tillering stage and (3) the period
Table 7. Weight of 1000 filled grains and yield per 12m2 and per hectare of ten high
yielding rice varieties
VARIETY WEIGHT OF 1000 YIELD PER 12m2 YIELD PER HECTARE
FILLED GRAINS (g) (kg) (tons/ha)
IR64
23bcd 4.25abcd 3.54bcd
NSIC Rc 144
23bcd 3.8d 2.96dc
NSIC Rc 134
22cd 4.25abcd 3.54e
NSIC Rc 138
25ab 5.33a 4.44a
NSIC Rc 140
25ab 4.93abc 4.11ab
NSIC Rc 150
23bcd 4.00cd 3.33bcde
NSIC Rc 146
26a 5.33a 4.44a
NSIC Rc 130
22cd 4.67abc 3.89abc
NSIC Rc 154
21d 3.77cd 3.14cde
PSB 28 (control)
24abc 4.93ab 4.11ab
C.V. (%)
6.35 12.66 12.63
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 0.05 level by DMRT
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
27
from about 14 days before to a week after panicle initiation. Yield reduction due to
moisture stress during heading or flowering is largely caused by unfertilized flowers.
Return on Cash Expenses (ROCE)
The return on cash expenses (ROCE) of ten high yielding rice varieties is shown
in Table 8. NSIC Rc 138 and NSIC Rc 146 had the highest ROCE (17.52) compared to
PSB 28 (control) (8.71 %). NSIC Rc 154 had the highest negative ROCE (-16.86). These
results indicate that not all the varieties are suitable in Barangay Palale, General Tinio,
Nueva Ecija. It also shows that NSIC Rc 136 and NSIC Rc 146 are the best varieties
among the ten varieties evaluated since both had the same positive ROCE. The onset of
El Niño during the conduct of the study had somehow resulted to insufficient water
supply that affected the performance of the varieties studied. It is possible that given the
right amount of water, these ten varieties might perform better and give positive ROCE.
Moreover, those varieties with positive ROCE could have performed better and have
higher ROCE.
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
28
Table 8. Return on cash expenses (ROCE) of ten high yielding rice varieties
VARIETY
GRAIN YIELD GROSS
COST OF
NET
ROCE
PER PLOT INCOME PRODUCTION INCOME (%)
(kg/12m²)
(Php)
(Php)
(Php)
IR64
4.25 72.25
77.09 -4.84
-6.00
NSIC Rc 144
3.80 65.00
77.09 -12.49
-16.20
NSIC Rc 134
4.25 72.25
77.09 -4.84
-6.00
NSIC Rc 138
5.33 90.61
77.09 13.52
17.52
NSIC Rc 140
4.93 83.81
77.09 6.72 8.71
NSIC Rc 150
4.00 68.00
77.09 -9.09
-11.79
NSIC Rc 146
5.33 90.61
77.09 13.52
17.52
NSIC Rc 130
4.67 79.39
77.09 2.30 2.98
NSIC Rc 154
3.77 64.09
77.09 -13.00
-16.86
PSB 28
4.93 83.81
77.09 6.72 8.71
(control)
Note: the selling price of rice grains is based on Php 17.00/kilo.
Texture of Cooked Rice
Table 9 shows the texture of cooked rice of the different varieties. Ten farmers
and ten housewives were used as testing panel for both newly cooked and cooked rice
that was stored overnight. PSB 28 (control), NSIC Rc 138, NSIC Rc 134, NSIC Rc 150
NSIC Rc 130 and IR64 had soft grains, while NSIC Rc 144 had hard grains. The other
varieties produced moderately soft grains that were newly cooked. Likewise for rice left
overnight, PSB 28 (control), NSIC Rc 134 and NSIC Rc 150 maintained their soft
quality. The rest of the varieties were moderately soft except for NSIC Rc 146 and NSIC
Rc 138 which were moderately hard. NSIC Rc 154 easily spoiled after storing overnight.
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
29
Mackill, et al., (2010) further stated that rice with intermediate amylose content
approaches the ideal for many consumers; they are fluffy when cooked and remain soft
when cool. Intermediate amylose is preferred in most rainfed lowland of Asia particularly
in Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines. Thus, the varieties which maintained soft grains
even after storing overnight may have intermediate amylase content and may be preferred
by Filipino consumers.
Table 9. Texture of cooked rice of ten high yielding rice varieties
VARIETY EATING QUALITY
NEWLY COOKED RICE RICE STORED OVERNIGHT
IR64
Soft
Moderately
hard
NSIC Rc 144
Moderately hard
Moderately hard
NSIC Rc 134
Soft
Soft
NSIC Rc 138
Soft
Moderately
hard
NSIC Rc 140
Moderately soft
Moderately soft
NSIC Rc 150
Soft Soft
NSIC Rc 146
Moderately soft
Moderately hard
NSIC Rc 130
Soft
Moderately
soft
NSIC Rc 154
Moderately soft
Spoiled
PSB 28 (control)
Soft
Soft
Rating Scale: 1- Soft, 2- Moderately soft, 3-Hard, 4- Moderately hard, 5- Very hard
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
30
General Acceptability
Table 10 shows the general acceptability of cooked rice of the different varieties.
Ten farmers and ten housewives were used as testing panel for both newly cooked and
cooked rice that was stored overnight. PSB 28 (control), NSIC Rc 138, NSIC Rc 134,
NSIC Rc 150 NSIC Rc 130 and IR64 liked very extremely while NSIC Rc 144 was
disliked slightly. The newly cooked rice of the other varieties were liked very much.
Likewise for cooked rice left overnight, PSB 28 (control), NSIC Rc 134 and NSIC Rc
150 were liked very extremely. The rest of the varieties were liked very much, except for
NSIC Rc 154 which was neither liked nor disliked by the panelists.
Table 10. General acceptability of ten high yielding rice varieties
VARIETY GENERAL ACCEPTABILITY
NEWLY COOKED RICE STORED
RICE OVERNIGHT
IR64
Liked very extremely
Liked very much
NSIC Rc 144
Disliked slightly
Disliked slightly
NSIC Rc 134
Liked very extremely
Liked very extremely
NSIC Rc 138
Liked very extremely
Liked moderate
NSIC Rc 140
Liked very much
Liked very much
NSIC Rc 150
Liked very extremely
Liked very extremely
NSIC Rc 146
Liked very much
Liked moderate
NSIC Rc 130
Liked very extremely
Liked very much
NSIC Rc 154
Liked very much
Neither liked nor disliked
PSB 28 (control)
Liked very extremely
Liked very extremely
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
31
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield of ten high yielding
rice varieties; identify the best adapted variety/ies in terms of yield, resistance to pests
and diseases, acceptability of the farmers and consumers; and determine the return on
cash expenses of growing high yielding rice varieties under Barangay Palale, Nueva Ecija
condition.
No significant differences were observed among the varieties in terms of number
of days from transplanting to plant recovery, tillering, booting, heading and maturity,
number of productive tillers per hill, and number of grains per panicle. NSIC Rc 146 and
NSIC Rc 138 produced tillers in 19 days and had the highest plant height at maturity with
means of 72.59 cm and 70.20 cm, respectively. It was also recorded that these varieties
gained the greatest number of productive tillers and gained the highest yield per plot.
NSIC Rc 144 was the earliest to produce tillers in 18 days and was the earliest to
boot, to form heads and mature in about 80 days after transplanting. IR64 and PSB 28
(control) were the latest to reach maturity.
Highly significant differences in plant height at maturity were observed among
the varieties. NSIC Rc 146 was the tallest followed by NSIC Rc 138, NSIC Rc 144, PSB
28 (control) while IR64 was the shortest. NSIC Rc 138 had the longest panicle, followed
by PSB 28 (control), NSIC Rc 146 and NSIC Rc 130, while NSIC Rc 144 had the
shortest panicle.
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
32
NSIC Rc 138 and NSIC Rc 146 obtained the highest grain yield per plot and per
hectare (5.33 kg/plot and 4.44 tons/ha) compared to PSB 28 (control) (4.93 kg /plot and
4.11tons/ha).
All varieties were found resistant to stemborer except for IR64 and NSIC Rc 154
which were moderately resistant. On blast (neck rot) evaluation, all varieties were
resistant.
PSB 28 (control), NSIC RC 134 and NSIC Rc 150, were liked very extremely by
the panelist.
Conclusion
Based on the result of the study, NSIC Rc 146 and NSIC Rc 138 had the highest
grain yield of 5.33 kg per 12 m2, recorded the highest number of productive tillers,
longest panicle at harvest, tallest plants and were found resistant to stemborer and blast.
Both varieties also exhibited the highest return on cash expenses (7.52%).
PSB 28 (Control), NSIC RC 134 and NSIC Rc 150 had soft grains just after
cooking and even after it was stored overnight. Both were acceptable to the farmer and
housewife respondents.
Recommendation
Based on the result of the study, NSIC Rc 138 and NSIC Rc 146 are
recommended at Barangay Palale, General Tinio, Nueva Ecija, for higher yield and return
on cash expenses.
PSB 28 (Control), NSIC RC 134 and NSIC Rc 150 are recommended for
processing due to soft grains and acceptability by farmers and housewives.
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
33
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Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
36
APPENDICES
Appendix Table 1. Number of days from transplanting to recovery
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64
10 10
10
30
10
NSIC Rc 144
6 6
6
18
6
NSIC Rc 134
10 10
10
30
10
NSIC Rc 138
8 8
8
24
8
NSIC Rc 140
8 8
8
24
8
NSIC Rc 150
10 10
10
30
10
NSIC Rc 146
6 6
6
18
6
NSIC Rc 130
8 8
8
24
8
NSIC Rc 154
10 10
10
30
10
PSB 28 (control)
10 10
10
30
10
TOTAL 86
86
86
258
8.6
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
37
Appendix Table 2. Number of days from transplanting to tillering
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64
23
23
23
69
23
NSIC Rc 144
18
18
18
54
18
NSIC Rc 134
22 22
22
66
22
NSIC Rc 138
19 19
19
57
19
NSIC Rc 140
19 19
19
57
19
NSIC Rc 150
22 22
22
66
22
NSIC Rc 146
19 19
19
57
19
NSIC Rc 130
22 22
22
66
22
NSIC Rc 154
22 22
22
66
22
PSB 28 (control)
23
23
23
69
23
TOTAL 209
209
209
627
20.9
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
38
Appendix Table 3. Number of days from transplanting to booting
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64
54 54
54
162 54
NSIC Rc 144
47 47
47
141 47
NSIC Rc 134
52 52
52
156 52
NSIC Rc 138
50 50
50
150 50
NSIC Rc 140
50 50
50
150 50
NSIC Rc 150
52 52
52
156 52
NSIC Rc 146
50 50
50
150 50
NSIC Rc 130
52 52
52
156 52
NSIC Rc 154
52 52
52
156 52
PSB 28 (control)
54 54
54
162 54
TOTAL 513
513
513
1539
51.3
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
39
Appendix Table 4. Number of days from transplanting to heading
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64
64 64
64
192
64
NSIC Rc 144
54 54
54
162
54
NSIC Rc 134
61 61
61
183
61
NSIC Rc 138
64 64
64
192
64
NSIC Rc 140
59 59
59
177
59
NSIC Rc 150
61 61
61
183
61
NSIC Rc 146
59 59
59
177
59
NSIC Rc 130
59 59
59
177
59
NSIC Rc 154
61 61
61
183
61
PSB 28 (control)
64 64
64
192
64
TOTAL
606 606 606
1818
60.6
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
40
Appendix Table 5. Number of days from transplanting to maturity
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64
88 88
88
264
88
NSIC Rc 144
83 83
83
249
83
NSIC Rc 134
86 86
86
258
86
NSIC Rc 138
86 86
86
258
86
NSIC Rc 140
86 86
86
258
86
NSIC Rc 150
86 86
86
258
86
NSIC Rc 146
83 83
83
249
83
NSIC Rc 130
86 86
86
258
86
NSIC Rc 154
86 86
86
258
86
PSB 28 (control)
88 88
88
264
88
TOTAL
858 858 858
2574
85.8
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
41
Appendix Table 6. Number of productive tillers per hill
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64 8
8
8
24
8
NSIC Rc 144
9 8
9
26
9
NSIC Rc 134
8 9
9
26
9
NSIC Rc 138
9 9
9
27
9
NSIC Rc 140 10
9
8
27
9
NSIC Rc 150
9 9
9
27
9
NSIC Rc 146 9
10 9
28
9
NSIC Rc 130
9
8 9
26
8
NSIC Rc 154
8 9
8
25
8
PSB 28 (control)
8 9
8
25
8
TOTAL
87 88
86
261
9
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM
MEAN
OBSERVED
TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Replication
2 0.267
0.133 1.63ns
2.46 3.60
Treatment
9 4.667
0.519
Error
18 5.733
0.319
TOTAL 29 10.667
ns= not significant
Coefficient of variation (CV) = 6.51%
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
42
Appendix Table 7. Plant height at maturity
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64 63.85
64.42
56.05
184.32
61.44
NSIC Rc 144
68.91 68.83 71.18 208.92 69.64
NSIC Rc 134
69.54 65.85 68.97 204.36 68.12
NSIC Rc 138
69.93 70.87 69.81 210.61 70.20
NSIC Rc 140 68.24
67.81 67.76
203.81
67.94
NSIC Rc 150
67.07 67.71 67.76 202.54 67.51
NSIC Rc 146 71.99
72.16 73.64
217.79
72.59
NSIC Rc 130
68.07
69.60
69.97
207.64
69.21
NSIC Rc 154
63.19 63.87 65.63 192.69 64.23
PSB 28 (control)
69.29 69.42 69.65 208.36 69.45
TOTAL
680.08 680.54 680.42 2041.06 68.04
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM
MEAN
OBSERVED
TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Replication
2
0.011
0.006
8.52**
2.46
3.60
Treatment
9 269.243
29.916
Error
18 63.205
3.511
TOTAL
29 332.460
** = highly significant
Coefficient of variation (CV) = 2.75%
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
43
Appendix Table 8. Length of panicle at harvest
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64 19.55 20.07
19.68 59.3
19.77
NSIC Rc 144 19.71
19.63
19.94 59.28 19.76
NSIC Rc 134
20.59
19.11
19.6
59.3
19.77
NSIC Rc 138
22.23 21.74 20.73 64.7
21.57
NSIC Rc 140 20.64 20.63 20.62 61.89
20.63
NSIC Rc 150
19.81 19.28 20.82 59.91
19.97
NSIC Rc 146 20.87 21.79 21.46 64.12
21.37
NSIC Rc 130 19.42
19.94 21.82 61.18
20.39
NSIC Rc 154
19.18 19.5
20.74
59.42
19.81
PSB 28 (control)
23.74 20.4
20
64.14
21.38
TOTAL
205.74 202.09 205.41 613.24
20.44
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM
MEAN
OBSERVED
TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Replication
2
0.839
0.419
1.86ns
2.46
3.60
Treatment
9 15.208
1.690
Error
18 16.377
0.910
TOTAL
29 32.424
ns= not significant
Coefficient of variation (CV) = 4.67%
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
44
Appendix Table 9. Number of grains per panicle
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64
85
99
82
266
89
NSIC Rc 144 79 83 81 244 81
NSIC Rc 134
106
74
88
267
89
NSIC Rc 138
90 91 92 273 91
NSIC Rc 140 12
101 110
322
107
NSIC Rc 150
100 88 92
280
93
NSIC Rc 146 85
104 91
279
93
NSIC Rc 130 101
94
100
295
98
NSIC Rc 154 93 95 88
277
92
PSB 28 (control)
85
81
85
51
84
TOTAL
835 910 908 2653
88
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM
MEAN
OBSERVED
TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Replication
2
70.067
35.033
2.33ns
2.46
3.60
Treatment
9 1272.533
141.393
Error
18 1091.267
60.626
TOTAL
29 2433.867
Ns= not significant
Coefficient of variation (CV) = 8.37
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
45
Appendix Table 10. Number of filled grains per panicle
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64
72
74
78
224
75
NSIC Rc 144 74
80 81
235 78
NSIC Rc 134
84
70
78
232
77
NSIC Rc 138
73 81
84 238 79
NSIC Rc 140 94
88 97
279
93
NSIC Rc 150
91 76
80 247 82
NSIC Rc 146 78
84 82
244
81
NSIC Rc 130 90
85
85
260
87
NSIC Rc 154 84
89 74
248
83
PSB 28 (control)
93
80
76
249
83
TOTAL
835
804
816
2455
82
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM
MEAN
OBSERVED
TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Replication
2
35.467
17.733
2.22ns
2.46
3.60
Treatment
9 720.833
80.093
Error
18 647.867
35.993
TOTAL
29 1404.167
Ns = not significant
Coefficient of variation (CV) = 7.33%
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
46
Appendix Table 11. Number of unfilled grains per panicle
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64
12
7
7
26
9
NSIC Rc 144 5 6 3
14
5
NSIC Rc 134
22
6
89
37
12
NSIC Rc 138
9 10
8 26 9
NSIC Rc 140 16
13 12
43
14
NSIC Rc 150
11 13 12 26
9
NSIC Rc 146 4
16 8
28
9
NSIC Rc 130 15
9
20
44
15
NSIC Rc 154 11 6 19
36
12
PSB 28 (control)
7
8
13
28
9
TOTAL
112 94 111 317
11
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM
MEAN
OBSERVED
TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Replication
2
23.267
11.633
1.20ns
2.46
3.60
Treatment
9 246.300
27.367
Error
18 409.400
22.744
TOTAL
29 1404.167
Ns = not significant
12.66 %23.64%
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
47
Appendix Table 12a. Reaction to stemborer incidence (Dead hearts)
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64
1
3
2
6
2.00
NSIC Rc 144 0 0 0 0 0.00
NSIC Rc 134
1
0
1
2
0.67
NSIC Rc 138
0 1 0 0 0.33
NSIC Rc 140 1
2
1 4
2.00
NSIC Rc 150
1 1 1 3 1.00
NSIC Rc 146 0 0
0 0 0.00
NSIC Rc 130
1 1 0 2 0.70
NSIC Rc 154 2 1 2 5 1.67
PSB 28 (control)
1
1
2
4
2.00
TOTAL 8
10
9
27
0.90
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
48
Appendix Table 12b. Reaction to stemborer incidence. (White heads)
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64
1
3
2
6
2.00
NSIC Rc 144 0 1 0 1 0.30
NSIC Rc 134
1
0
1
2
0.70
NSIC Rc 138
0 0 0 0 0.00
NSIC Rc 140 0
0
1 1
0.30
NSIC Rc 150
1 4 1 6 2.00
NSIC Rc 146 1 0
0 1 0.30
NSIC Rc 130
0 1 1 2 0.70
NSIC Rc 154 1 1 0 2 0.70
PSB 28 (control)
0
0
0
0
0.00
TOTAL 5
10
6
21
0.70
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
49
Appendix Table 13. Weight of 1000 filled grains
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64
21
23
24
68
23bcd
NSIC Rc 144 24 22
22 68 23bcd
22cd
NSIC Rc 134
23
20
22
65
NSIC Rc 138
23 25
26 74
25ab
NSIC Rc 140 25 26 25
76
25ab
NSIC Rc 150
25 24
22 71
23bcd
NSIC Rc 146 26 26 27
79
26a
NSIC Rc 130 20
23
23
66
22cd
NSIC Rc 154 22 20
21 63 21d
24abc
PSB 28 (control)
25
24
24
73
TOTAL
23
23
24
23.4
7.8
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM
MEAN
OBSERVED
TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Replication
2
0.067
0.033
3.19*
2.46
3.60
Treatment
9 62.533
6.948
Error
18 39.267 2.181
TOTAL
29 101.867
*= significant
Coefficient of variation (CV) = 6.35 %
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
50
Appendix Table 14. Yield per 12m2
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64
3.50
5.50
3.75
12.75
4.25
NSIC Rc 144
3.40 3.50 3.75
10.65 3.8
NSIC Rc 134
4.75
3.50
4.50
12.75
4.25
NSIC Rc 138
5.75 4.75 5.50
16.0
5.33
NSIC Rc 140 5.55 4.50 4.75
14.80 4.93
NSIC Rc 150
4.0 3.50 4.50 12.0 4.00
NSIC Rc 146 5.50 4.75 5.75
16.0
5.33
NSIC Rc 130
4.50 4.75 4.75
14.0
4.67
NSIC Rc 154 3.5
4.30
3.50 11.3 3.77
PSB 28 (control)
4.80
5
5
14.80
4.93
TOTAL
45.25 44.05 45.75
135.05 4.50
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM
MEAN
OBSERVED
TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Replication
2
0.153
0.076
3.70**
2.46
3.60
Treatment
9 10.822
1.202
Error
18 5.842 0.325
TOTAL
29 16.817
**= highly significant
Coefficient of variation (CV) = 12.66 %
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
51
Appendix Table 15. Computed yield per hectare
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64
2.92
4.58
3.13
10.62
3.54
NSIC Rc 144 2.83 2.92
3.13
8.88
2.96
NSIC Rc 134
3.96
2.92
3.75
10.62
3.54
NSIC Rc 138
4.79 3.96
4.59 13.33 4.44
NSIC Rc 140 4.63
3.75
3.96
12.33
4.11
NSIC Rc 150
3.33 2.92
3.75 10.00 3.33
NSIC Rc 146 4.58
3.96
4.79
13.33
4.44
NSIC Rc 130 3.75 3.96
3.96 11.67 3.89
NSIC Rc 154 2.92
3.58
2.92
94.17
3.14
PSB 28 (control)
4.00
4.16
4.16
12.33
4.11
TOTAL 37.71
36.71
38.14
112.56
3.75
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM
MEAN
OBSERVED
TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Replication
2
0.106
0.053
3.71**
2.46
3.60
Treatment
9 7.488 0.832
Error
18 4.041 0.224
TOTAL
29 11.635
**= highly significant
Coefficient of variation (CV) = 12.63 %
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
BALAJO, MIRRIAM E. APRIL 2010. Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding
Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija Condition. Benguet State University,
La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Danilo P. Padua, Ph. D.
ABSTRACT
Ten different high yielding varieties of rice were planted to identify the best
adapted variety/ies in terms of yield, resistance to pests and diseases, and return on cash
expenses; identify the acceptability of the farmers and consumers; and determine the
return on cash expenses of growing high yielding rice varieties under Barangay Palale,
General Tinio, Nueva Ecija condition from November 2009 to March 2010.
NSIC Rc 146 and NSIC Rc 138 had the highest grain yield of 5.33kg per 12 m2
recorded the highest number of productive tillers, longest panicle at harvest, tallest plants
and were found resistant to stemborer and blast. Both varieties also exhibit the highest
return on cash expenses (7.52%).
NSIC Rc 140 and NSIC Rc 130, and PSB 28 (Control) may also be considered as
good varieties as they recorded the highest grains per panicle, highest filled grains and
unfilled grains and also exhibited a good return on cash expenses. .
The other varieties used were not well-adapted to the area as they were affected
by moisture stress that prevailed in the area during the conduct of the experiment as
shown by their low grain yield and shorter height.
It was observed that PSB 28 (Control), NSIC RC 134 and NSIC Rc 150 had soft
grains just after cooking and even after it was stored overnight. Both were acceptable to
the farmer and housewife respondents
NSIC Rc 138 and NSIC Rc 146, therefore, are highly recommended under
Barangay Palale, General Tinio, Nueva Ecija.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography…………………………………………………………………... i
Abstract………………………………………………………………………..
i
Table of Contents………………………………………………………………
iii
INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………….
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE…………………………………………………
3
MATERIALS AND METHODS……………………………………………...
8
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………………………………
15
Agroclimatic Data ………………………………………………….....
15
Number of Days from Transplanting
to Recovery……………………………………..…………....................
16
Number of Days from Transplanting
to Tillering ……………………………………………………………..
16
Number of Days from Transplanting
to Booting ………………………………………………………….. ...
16
Number of Days from Transplanting
to Heading ………………….................................................................
17
Number of Days from Transplanting
to Maturity …………………..………………………………………...
18
Number of Productive Tillers per Hill …………………………………
20
Plant Height at Maturity ……………………………………………….
20
Length of Panicle at Harvest …………………………………………..
21
Number of Grains per Panicle …………………………………………
22
Number of Filled and Unfilled
Grains per Panicle ……………………………………………………..
23
Reaction to Blast Incidence (neck rot) …………………………….......
24
Reaction to Stemborer Incidence ……………………………………...
24
Weight of 1000 Filled Grains ………………………………………….
25
Yield per 12m2 …………………………………………………...........
25
Computed Yield per Hectare …………………………………………..
25
Return on Cash Expenses ………………………………………….......
27
Texture of Cooked Rice ……………………………………………….
28
General Acceptability ………………………………………………….
30
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION………………
31
Summary ……………………………………………………………....
31
Conclusion …………………………………………………………….
32
Recommendation ……………………………………………………...
32
LITERATURE CITED………………………………………………………..
34
APPENDICES………………………………………………………………...
39
INTRODUCTION
Rice is the world’s single most important food crop and a primary food for more
than a third of the world’s population (IRRI, 2006). Rice production and consumption are
concentrated in Asia where more than 90% of all the rice is found. It is the only grain
crop which can be grown under diverse climatic and soil topographical conditions (Pal
and Dekas, 1996).
In the Philippines, 80% of the Filipino households devote at least half of their
expenditure to food and about a quarter of it is used for rice (Virmani & Hardy, 2003).
Thus, over the next 25 years, at least 65% more rice relative to year 2000 production
volume would be needed to adequately feed the Philippine population.
Nueva Ecija Province, dubbed as the “rice bowl of the Philippines”, is the largest
and biggest rice producing province in Central Luzon. Approximately 3,080 hectares in
the town are rice fields in which 954 hectares have proper irrigation while 2,126 hectares
are rain-fed. In General Tinio, Nueva Ecija the average rice production in rain-fed areas
is 80 cavans per hectare. Rice production in the irrigated area is 95,400 cavans or an
average yield of 100 cavans per hectare (BAS, 2009).
However, majority of the people in Barangay Palale, General Tinio, Nueva Ecija,
still depend on NFA (National Food Authority) rice. This problem is obviously due to
shortage and low yield of rice varieties. The rice shortage is brought about by the
growing population, decreasing production area and unpredictability of climate. In
addition, there is apparent degeneration of the existing varieties planted in the area in
terms of plant resistance to pest and disease. The continuous evaluation of new high
yielding varieties of rice that will be suited in a certain location is one way to address
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
2
such concern. Therefore it is important to introduce different high yielding rice varieties
in order to identify varieties with better adaptability, greater resistance to pests and
diseases and higher yield.
The result of this study could also serve as guide in selecting high yielding
varieties for production. It may help convince local farmers to plant selected high
yielding varieties and corresponding increase in their income. The study will be
conducted to:
The study was conducted to:
1. evaluate the growth and yield of ten high yielding rice varieties under Barangay
Palale, General Tinio, Nueva Ecija condition;
2. identify the best adapted variety/ies under Barangay Palale, General Tinio,
Nueva Ecija condition in terms of yield, resistance to pests and diseases and return on
cash expenses;
3. identify the acceptability of the farmers and consumers; and
4. determine the return on cash expenses of growing high yielding rice varieties in
General Tinio, Nueva Ecija.
The study was conducted at a farmer’s field in Barangay Palale, General Tinio,
Nueva Ecija from November 2009 to March 2010
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Varietal Evaluation
Varietal evaluation is necessary for adaptability in a given location and it is also
necessary to observe characters such as earliness, vigor maturity, yield and keeping
quality because varieties have wide range of difference in size and yielding performance
cited by Bawat (2004).
GMA Rice program stated that expansion of hybrid rice cultivation is one of their
focus to achieve the goal two of DA which is enhancing productivity to reduce the price
of wage, good’s and increasing farmers income. At present hybrid rice is the only
available genetic tool for increasing the yield potential of rice on the average farmer can
get an additional 1,272kg rice/ ha using the hybrid ,as compared with yield obtain in
PhilRice trial come from mestizo at 12t/ha in Cagayan and Bohol province (DA 2005-
2006).
High grain of rice can be achieved only though a proper combination of variety,
agronomic practices and environment. Of these three factors variety and agronomic
practices can be manipulated.
Chagwasi (1996) stated that under Tabuk, Kalinga condition, PSB Rc18 produced
the highest yield among 10 high yielding varieties studies. However Valera (2003), fund
that planting PSB Rc18 in Nalbuan, Baay-Licuan Abra, was the earliest to mature
although produce low grain yield.
Five inbred and hybrid varieties of rice evaluated in Nalbuan, Baay-Licuan Abra,
PSB Rc46 produce the highest grain yield and hybrid mestizo had the highest weight of
1000 filled grains and its yield is comparable to inbred PSB Rc46 (Valera, 2003). Also in
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
4
Barangay Tukod, San Rafael Bulacan one farmer who tried planting mestizo reveled
that hybrid mestizo gives a high yield and he harvested 150 cavan’s /ha in his first trial
(Samonte, 2009).
Batane (2004) stated that under Barangay Bilis Burgos, La Union, PSB Rc28 was
the earliest to mature while PSB Rc96 has the highest grain yield/plot and per hectare
among eight varieties studies. On white heads evaluation SL8 and PSB Rc96 were rated
resistant. However (Siteng, 2005) fund that planting SL8 in Kadayakan, Maria Aurora
showed that SL8 acquired the highest grain yield for both per plot and / ha (3.58 and
5332.32 kg) and SL8 were also resistant to white heads.
Seven varieties of rice were evaluated in Publacion Kibungan, Benguet. Result
showed that PSB Rc 96 and PSB Rc28 were the earliest to mature. SN-73 had the highest
grain yield (Belino, 2005).
Seven varieties of rice were planted and evaluated at Bugayong, Binalonan
Pangasinan. Result showed that NSIC Rc138 recorded the highest number of productive
tillers and gained the highest number of grain pert panicle. It obtained 3.31 to 2.06 tons
per plot and per hectare. However it was the PSB Rc82 who is the earliest to mature
(Urbano, 2008).
Water and fertilizer Requirement
Uptake of water is the first need for germination, irregular rainfall means slowed
and uneven seedling growth. Severe drought will kill the seedling.
Water stress must be avoided while rice plant is still growing to prevent retards
on the growth and reduced tillers, large amount of unfilled grains is due to lack of water.
Also insufficient water result to wilting, that reduced the capacity of the plant to
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
5
produced and transport its food (Urbano, 2008).
The use of proper doses of nutrients, nitrogen (N) in particular, is important to
attain high yielding and efficient nutrients use in intensive rice ecosystem.
IRRI (1986) stated that basal fertilizer application with a combined P and K level
of 30 to 40 kg/ha each of P 20 and K 20 help early seedling vigor and stand
establishment, rapid coverage of the field by ice foliage with consequent reduction of
weed population.
Tillering ability
The number of tiller per plot increase as the distance between plant increases.
However the number of tiller per square meter reduces when you do wide spacing of
plants, also close spacing will result in mutual shading, less tiller and lanky plant which
are susceptible to lodging (Arraedeau and Vergara, 1988).
A combination of high tillering ability and compact or nonspreading culm
arrangement is desirable for all rice farmers. Compact culms that are moderately erect
allow increased solar radiation to tillers and less mutual shading per unit of land area. In
improved plant, heavy tillering is prepared over medium or low tillering, because dwarf
does not have an optimum leaf area index and heavy tillering does not result in excessive
plant size or mutual shading. Those leaf thicknesses have been related to high yielding
ability through increased photosynthetic rate per unit of leaf area. However some highly
productive varieties have relatively thin leaves when either transplanted or direct seeded.
These suggest that the character does not have an important and direct relationship to
yield potential.
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
6
Effect of Temperature
Rice can be grown most successfully in regions that have a mean temperature of
about 23.89ºC or above during the entire growing season of 4-5 months. Rice yield are
higher in warm temperature regions that have a low summer rainfall than in the humid
tropics where rice disease and soil of low fertility are more prevalent (Martin & Stamp,
1976).
For paddy rice water temperature is a major determinant of growth and yield. In
rice paddies water temperature and difference significantly affect production, especially
in cool climates. However, there is no model to evaluate the effect of water temperature
on rice yield.
Cultural management
Biag (2009) emphasizes that practice synchronizes planting after a fallow period
will helps prevent pest build-up. Also it is a good start in rice production for it prevents
the overlapping of population of insect and disease. Proper sanitation most be done by
removing all straw piles in the paddies after harvest and minimizes size of levees to 15cm
wide x 20cm high to avoid rat burrows and by removing seedling with stem borer egg
masses before transplanting.
Preservation of beneficial insect, close monitoring, through land preparation, plant
resistant varieties and avoid excessive nitrogen.
Harvesting and threshing
Harvest “palay” when 80% of the grains are mature, this is indicated by a yellow
panicle or colored straw. Delay in harvesting may lead to grain shattering. On the other
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
7
hand, early harvesting before maturing produce immature and chalky grains that breaks
easily during milling (PHILRICE, 1997-1998).
Timely harvesting produce the best rice quality, increases rice marketability and
consumer acceptability and increase rice production as a result of production of losses.
Although adverse weather condition often times move the harvesting schedule either a
little earlier or later than desired (PCARRD, BPRE and PARRFI, 2001).
Harvested “palay” must be threshed immediately to minimize field losses and
grain quality problem. Rice should have 14% moisture content or lower to maintain grain
quality during storage. Seeds and area should be cleaned and ensure well ventilated
storage room to avoid rodent attack and have air circulation (PHILRICE, 1997-1998).
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
8
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study tested ten high yielding varieties from Philippine Rice Research Institute
(PhilRice) as follows:
CODE VARIETY
T1 IR64
T2 NSIC Rc 144 (Tubigan 8)
T3 NSIC Rc 134 (Tubigan 4)
T4 NSIC Rc 138 (Tubigan 5)
T5 NSIC Rc 140 (Tubigan 6)
T6 NSIC Rc 150 (Tubigan 9)
T7 NSIC Rc 146 (PJ7)
T8 NSIC Rc 130 (Tubigan 3)
T9 NSIC Rc 154 (Tubigan 11)
T10 PSB Rc 28 (Agno, Control)
Seedbed and land preparation
Ten seedbeds measuring 1m x 1m each were prepared for the ten different
varieties. One variety was sown in each seedbed to avoid mixture. Labels were placed on
each seedbed for proper identification.
An experimental area of 360m² was prepared and was divided into 30 plots with a
measurement of 2m x 6m each. Before transplanting, the soil was puddled and leveled
using "Kuliglig".
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
9
Lay-outing and transplanting
After land preparation, the seedlings were transplanted in designated plots
following the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Each
of the ten varieties was planted with two seedlings per hill on a straight row at a distance
of 20cm x 20cm. Missing hills were replanted within ten days after transplanting.
Fertilizer Application
Two weeks after transplanting, application of fertilizer was done. A mixture of 7
kg of 14-14-14 and 7 kg of urea (42-0-0) was used.
Weeds and Insect Pest Control
Hand weeding was done to avoid competition for water and nutrients. Insect pests
and diseases were controlled to reduce economic loss. Other recommended cultural
practices were followed to ensure high yield.
Determination of Acceptability
Acceptability for cooked rice was determined by a panel of twenty farmers and
consumers. The acceptability of cooked rice was based on tenderness and cohesiveness of
the newly-cooked and left over rice.
Farm Location
Barangay Palale is located in the Northern part of General Tinio, Nueva Ecija.
The distance of Barangay Palale from the city of General Tinio Nueva Ecija is 25 km
from the National highway and it is about 35 km from Cabanatuan City (Fig 1).
The average daily temperature was 22˚C at minimum and 30˚C at maximum.
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
10
Figure 1. Overview of the experimental area
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
11
Barangay Palale has a sandy, loamy, clayey soil and characterized by flat lands to hilly
and rough mountainous areas with a slope of 25 to 80 degree.
This condition of the location fall within the ranges that is suitable for rice
production.
Data gathered:
1. Agroclimatic Data. Temperature, relative humidity, amount of rainfall during
the conduct of the study were taken from Cabanatuan PAGASA office.
2. Number of days from transplanting to recovery. The number of days from
transplanting to period of seedling recovery was recorded when the rice plants were
almost dark green in color.
3. Number of days from transplanting to tillering. This was recorded when 50% of
the total plant started producing tillers.
4. Number of days from transplanting to booting. This was recorded when 50% of
the plants have booted, determined by visual observation when the flag leaf sheath
swelled or showed enlargement.
5. Number of days from transplanting to heading. This was recorded when 50% of
the plants produced panicle.
6. Number of days from transplanting to maturity. This was recorded when 80%
of the grain in the panicle ripened or turned yellow.
7. Number of productive tillers per hill. The number of productive tillers was
counted using ten hills per treatment selected randomly. Only the rice plants that produce
panicles were considered productive.
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
12
8. Plant height at maturity (cm). This was measured from the soil level to the tip
of the panicle using ten samples selected at random.
9. Length of panicle at harvest (cm). This was measured from panicle base to
panicle tip excluding the awn taken at random at harvest.
10. Number of grains per panicle. This was taken using randomly selected ten
sample panicles per plot.
11. Number of filled and unfilled grains per panicle. This was recorded by
counting the number of filled and unfilled grains at maturity.
12. Reaction to blast resistance (neck rot). Evaluation of the severity of rice blast
was taken from the plant at the center rows. Ten sample hills were selected randomly.
Computation of percent infection was done using the formula (PhilRice, 1996):
No. of panicles infected
% infection= X 100
Total no. of panicles
Scale
Description
Rating
1
0-5% are affected by blast
Resistant
2
6-25% are affected by blast
Intermediate
3
26% and above are affected by blast
Susceptible
13. Stem borer incidence. This was determined based on the actual % dead hearts
and white heads using the middle row of the plot as sampling area. Ten sample hills was
selected at random where dead hearts were counted 45 days after transplanting while
white heads, ten days before harvesting. The rating was based on the standard used by
PhilRice (1996).
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
13
Rating Description %Dead heart %White heads
1 Resistant 1-10 1-5
3 Moderate resistant 11-20 6-10
5 Intermediate 21-30 11-15
7 Moderate susceptible 31-60 16-25
9 Susceptible 60 and above 25 and above
14. Weight of 1000 filled grains (g). 1000 seeds were selected at random after
drying at 14% moisture content and then weighed.
15. Yield per plot (kg). Grain yield per plot was taken after drying to 14 %
moisture content (MC) then weighed.
16. Computed yield per hectare (kg). This was taken by converting grain yield per
plot into yield per hectare using ratio and proportion.
Yield per plot (kg) x
Yield /ha= -------------------------- X -------------------------------
12m² 1 hectare (10,000 m2)
17. Return on Cash Expense. This was taken using the formula:
Net Income
ROCE = -------------------------------------- X 100
Total Cost of Production
18. Texture of cooked rice. This was the texture of the ten different varieties of
rice just after cooking and after storing overnight the samples was put in plate together
with spoon and place on the table. It was tested by twenty respondents (10 farmers and 10
housewives). The varieties were evaluated based on the following scale:
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
14
Scale Description
1 Soft
2 Moderately soft
3 Hard
4 Moderately hard
5 Very hard
19. General acceptability. This was taken using the following scale:
Scale Description
1 Like very extremely
2 like very much
3 Like moderate
4 Dislike slightly
5 Neither like nor dislike
Data Analysis
All quantitative data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for
Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The significance of difference among the
treatment means were tested using the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
15
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Agroclimatic Data
Table 1 presents the temperature, relative humidity and rainfall which were
gathered from November 2009 to March 2010. March had the highest temperature with a
minimum of 22.4 ºC and a maximum of 35 ºC while the lowest temperature was recorded
in December with a minimum of 20.5 ºC and a maximum of 32.3 ºC. Relative humidity
ranged from 81-88%. The highest relative humidity was noted in November (88%) while
the lowest was noted in March (81%). November had the highest rainfall of 44.8 mm.
The temperature during the conduct of the study is still favorable to rice plant
since temperature for cool and warm rice production ranges from 16-25 ºC and 25-35 ºC,
respectively (Vergara, 1992).
Table 1. Agroclimatic data from November 2009 to March 2010
MONTH
TEMPERATURE (ºC)
RELATIVE
RAINFALL
MIN MAX
HUMIDITY (%)
(mm)
November
22.6
33.4
88%
44.8
December
20.5 32.3 86 1.0
January
21.0 32.5 84 0.2
February
21.1 34.1 84 +/
Trace
March
22.4
35
81
6.0
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
16
Number of Days from Transplanting to Recovery
Table 2 shows the number of days from transplanting to recovery. It was noted
that NSIC Rc 144 and 146 recovered in 6 days, followed by NSIC Rc 138, NSIC Rc 140
and NSIC Rc 130. The five remaining varieties recovered in 10 days.
PHILRICE (1997-1998) stated that transplanting 2-3 seedlings per hill at a depth
of 2-3 cm into the soil is satisfactory. Too deep planting will delay recovery and reduce
the number of tillers produced.
Number of Days from Transplanting to Tillering
Table 2 shows the number of days from transplanting to tillering. It was recorded
that NSIC Rc 144 produced tillers in 18 days. It was closely followed by NSIC Rc 138,
NSIC Rc 140, NSIC Rc 146 and NSIC Rc 130 which produced tillers in 19 days. IR64
and PSB 28 (control) were the last to produced tillers.
It was observed that early tillering varieties produced more tillers than late
tillering varieties. Also early tillering varieties matured earlier under normal condition.
Early tillering is a desirable trait since tillers tend to be more productive.
Number of Days from Transplanting to Booting
The average number of days from transplanting to booting is shown in Table 2.
NSIC Rc 144, was the earliest to boot in 47 days, which was 1-3 days earlier than the
other varieties. It was followed by NSIC Rc 138, NSIC Rc 140, NSIC Rc 146, NSIC Rc
130 that booted in 50 days or 3 days later than NSIC Rc 144. IR64 and PSB 28 (control)
were late maturing compared to the other three varieties. Number of days from
transplanting to booting may not always be due to varietal characteristic but also to
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
17
Table 2. Number of days from transplanting to recovery, to tillering, to booting, to
heading and transplanting to maturity of ten high yielding rice varieties
NUMBER OF DAYS FROM TRANSPLANTING TO:
VARIETY
RECOVERY
TILLERING BOOTING
HEADING
MATURIY
IR64
10
23
54
64
88
NSIC Rc 144
6 18
47
54
83
NSIC Rc 134
10 22 52
61
86
NSIC Rc 138
8 19
50
64
86
NSIC Rc 140
8 19
50
59
86
NSIC Rc 150
10 22 52
61
86
NSIC Rc 146
6 19
50
59
83
NSIC Rc 130
8 22
52
59
86
NSIC Rc 154
10 22 52
61
86
PSB 28
10 23 54
64
88
(control)
environmental influence such as temperature. Low temperature has been known to delay
booting (Yoshida, 1981).
Number of Days from Transplanting to Heading
Table 2 also shows the number of days from transplanting to heading. NSIC Rc
144 was the earliest to produce heads with a mean of 54 days which was 1-7 days earlier
than the other varieties. IR64 and PSB 28 (control) were the last to produce heads in 64
days after transplanting. This could mean that the varieties which produced heads earlier
are also early maturing. Furthermore, early maturing varieties have lesser exposure to
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
18
different pests and diseases and environmental stresses which gradually affect yield of the
plant.
Number of Days from Transplanting to Maturity
Table 2 shows the number of days from transplanting to maturity. NSIC Rc 144
and NSIC Rc 146 were the earliest to mature in 83 days (Fig. 2). IR64 and PSB 28
(control) were the latest to mature in 88 days. This result could imply that early maturing
varieties have lesser exposure to birds and rats especially during ripening stage.
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
19
IR64
NSIC Rc 144
NSIC Rc 138
NSIC Rc 134
NSIC Rc 140
NSIC Rc 150
NSIC Rc 146
NBSIC Rc 130
NSIC Rc 154
PSB 28(control)
Figure 2. The ten varieties at 80 DAT
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
20
Number of Productive Tillers per Hill
Table 3 shows the number of productive tillers per hill. NSIC Rc 150, NSIC Rc
146, NSIC Rc 140, NSIC Rc 130 produced the most numerous productive tillers with an
average of 9.00. The rest of the varieties recorded the least productive tillers per hill with
an average of 8.00.
Not all tillers produce heads since some tillers may die and others remain in their
vegetative stage due to competition for water, nutrients and sunlight. Therefore
production of tillers may not be a good basis for determining the yield potential of rice
(UPLB, 1983).
Plant Height at Maturity
Plant height at maturity is shown in Table 3. It was recorded that NSIC Rc 146
was the tallest (72.59 cm) among the ten varieties of rice studied. It was followed by
NSIC Rc 138 with an average height of 70.20 cm. IR64 was the smallest with a height of
61.44 cm. The differences are due to the varietal characteristic of the crop. The taller the
plant the weaker they are and more susceptible to lodging or falling when their panicle
turns heavy with grains (Arraedeau and Vergara, 1988).
Taller plants may have higher ability to compete with weeds but it may also cause
spacing problems. Yield reductions due to weeds decreased with increasing plant height
(Yoshida, 1981).
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
21
Table 3. Number of productive tillers per hill and plant height at maturity of ten high
yielding rice varieties
VARIETY PRODUCTIVE TILLER PLANT HEIGHT (cm)
PER HILL 80 DAT
IR64
8.00 61.44c
NSIC Rc 144
9.00 69.64ab
NSIC Rc 134
9.00 68.12b
NSIC Rc 138
9.00 70.20ab
NSIC Rc 140
9.00 67.94b
NSIC Rc 150
9.00 67.51b
NSIC Rc 146
9.00 72.59a
NSIC Rc 130
8.00 69.21ab
NSIC Rc 154
8.00 64.23c
PSB 28 (Control)
8.00 69.45ab
C.V. (%)
6.51 2.75
*Means with the same letters are not significantly different at 0.05 level by DMRT
Length of Panicle at Harvest
The length of panicle at harvest was measured from the panicle base to the panicle
tip excluding the awn. Table 4 shows that PSB 28 (control) had the longest panicle with a
mean of 21.38 cm. It was closely followed by NSIC Rc 138 and NSIC Rc 146 with
means of 21.57 cm and 21.37 cm, respectively. NSIC Rc 144 had the shortest panicle
with a mean of 19.76 cm. It could mean that the longer the panicles could translate to
more grains per panicle.
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
22
Number of Grains per Panicle
The number of grains per panicle is shown in Table 4. It was observed that NSIC
Rc 140 gained the highest number of grains per panicle with a mean of 107, followed by
NSIC Rc 130 with a mean of 98. NSIC Rc 144 had the lowest number of grains per
panicle, which may indicate long spaces between the grains in the panicle. Significant
differences can be attributed to the compactness of the grains in the panicle.
Table 4. Length of panicle at harvest and number of grains per panicle of ten high yielding
rice varieties
VARIETY LENGTH OF PANICLE NUMBER OF GRAINS
AT HARVEST (cm) PER PANICLE
IR64
19.77 89
NSIC Rc 144
19.76 81
NSIC Rc 134
19.77 89
NSIC Rc 138
21.57 91
NSIC Rc 140
20.63 107
NSIC Rc 150
19.97 93
NSIC Rc 146
21.37 93
NSIC Rc 130
20.39 98
NSIC Rc 154
19.81 92
PSB 28 (control)
21.38
84
C.V. (%)
4.67 8.37
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
23
According to Yoshida (1981) low solar or unfavorable condition during
reproductive stage to post flowering reduces the number of grain yield.
Number of Filled and Unfilled Grains
The number of filled and unfilled grains is shown in Table 5. It was observed that
NSIC Rc 140 had the highest number of filled grains with a mean of 93, followed by
NSIC Rc 130 and PSB 28 (control) with a mean of 87 and 83, respectively. IR64 had the
lowest number of filled grains with a mean of 75. On the other hand, NSIC Rc 130 had
the highest number of unfilled grains with a mean of 15 and IR64 gained the lowest
number of unfilled grains.
Table 5. Number of grains per panicle and number of filled and unfilled grains of ten
high yielding rice varieties
VARIETY NUMBER OF FILLED NUMBER OF UNFILLED
GRAINS GRAINS
IR64
75 9
NSIC Rc 144
78 5
NSIC Rc 134
77 12
NSIC Rc 138
79 9
NSIC Rc 140
93 14
NSIC Rc 150
82 9
NSIC Rc 146
81 9
NSIC Rc 130
87 15
NSIC Rc 154
83 12
PSB 28 (control)
83 9
C.V. (%)
7.33 23.64
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
24
PhilRice (2001) stated that while rice plant is still growing, water stress must be
avoided to prevent retardation of growth and reduction of tillers. Large amount of
unfilled grains is due to lack of water. Insufficient water result in wilting, therefore
reducing the capacity of the plant to produce and transport its food. Thus, the high
number of unfilled grains in some varieties may be due to insufficient water.
Yoshida (1981) further stated that low air and water temperature could cause
injuries, such as failure of grains to germinate, delayed flowering, high spikelet sterility
which results to higher unfilled grains per panicle and irregular maturity. High number of
unfilled grains reduced yield.
Reaction to Blast Incidence (Neck Rot)
The reaction to blast incidence (neck rot) of the ten high yielding rice varieties
was recorded. All the rice varieties were found resistant to blast (neck rot). The reaction
was based only on natural condition because there is no inoculation or introduction of
pest and disease in the area of the study. This could be altered if inoculums or pest are
introduced.
Reaction to Stemborer Incidence
Evaluation of stemborer incidence was expressed as dead hearts and white heads.
Dead heart was taken 45 days after transplanting and it was recorded that all of the
varieties were field resistant to dead heart. On white heads evaluation, IR64 and NSIC Rc
150 were rated moderately resistant. Other varieties are resistant to the stemborer.
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
25
Table 6. Reaction to stemborer incidence of ten high yielding rice varieties
VARIETY
DEAD HEARTS
WHITE HEADS
IR64
Resistant Moderately
Resistant
NSIC Rc 144
Resistant Resistant
NSIC Rc 134
Resistant Resistant
NSIC Rc 138
Resistant Resistant
NSIC Rc 140 Resistant
Resistant
NSIC Rc 150
Resistant Moderately
Resistant
NSIC Rc 146 Resistant
Resistant
NSIC Rc 130
Resistant Resistant
NSIC Rc 154
Resistant Resistant
PSB 28 (control)
Resistant Resistant
Weight of 1000 Filled Grains
Table 7 shows the weight of 1000 filled grains. Among the ten varieties
evaluated, it was observed that NSIC Rc 146 gave the highest weight with a mean of 26g
compared to PSB Rc 28 (control) with a mean of 24g. It was followed by NSIC Rc 140
with a mean of 25g. NSIC RC 154 had the lowest weight of 21g. This can be attributed to
the size, shape and fullness of the grains.
Yield per 12 m2 and per Hectare
Table 7 shows yield per 12 sm2 and per hectare of ten high yielding rice varieties.
NSIC Rc 138 and NSIC Rc 146 had gained the highest yield both per plot and per
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
26
hectare (5.33 kg/plot and 4.4 tons/ha) compared to PSB 28 (control) with a mean of 4.23
kg/plot and 4.11 tons/ ha. NSIC Rc 144 has the lowest grain yield. The highly significant
difference could be due to number of grains per panicle produced and length of panicle
which could translate into more grains per panicle.
The low yield of the ten rice varieties may be due to the onset of El Niño
phenomena during the growth of the plants. According to PCCARD (1983), rice has three
critical stages wherein moisture deficit reduce grain yield substantially. These are (1)
transplanting period (or seedling establishment), (2) tillering stage and (3) the period
Table 7. Weight of 1000 filled grains and yield per 12m2 and per hectare of ten high
yielding rice varieties
VARIETY WEIGHT OF 1000 YIELD PER 12m2 YIELD PER HECTARE
FILLED GRAINS (g) (kg) (tons/ha)
IR64
23bcd 4.25abcd 3.54bcd
NSIC Rc 144
23bcd 3.8d 2.96dc
NSIC Rc 134
22cd 4.25abcd 3.54e
NSIC Rc 138
25ab 5.33a 4.44a
NSIC Rc 140
25ab 4.93abc 4.11ab
NSIC Rc 150
23bcd 4.00cd 3.33bcde
NSIC Rc 146
26a 5.33a 4.44a
NSIC Rc 130
22cd 4.67abc 3.89abc
NSIC Rc 154
21d 3.77cd 3.14cde
PSB 28 (control)
24abc 4.93ab 4.11ab
C.V. (%)
6.35 12.66 12.63
*Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 0.05 level by DMRT
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
27
from about 14 days before to a week after panicle initiation. Yield reduction due to
moisture stress during heading or flowering is largely caused by unfertilized flowers.
Return on Cash Expenses (ROCE)
The return on cash expenses (ROCE) of ten high yielding rice varieties is shown
in Table 8. NSIC Rc 138 and NSIC Rc 146 had the highest ROCE (17.52) compared to
PSB 28 (control) (8.71 %). NSIC Rc 154 had the highest negative ROCE (-16.86). These
results indicate that not all the varieties are suitable in Barangay Palale, General Tinio,
Nueva Ecija. It also shows that NSIC Rc 136 and NSIC Rc 146 are the best varieties
among the ten varieties evaluated since both had the same positive ROCE. The onset of
El Niño during the conduct of the study had somehow resulted to insufficient water
supply that affected the performance of the varieties studied. It is possible that given the
right amount of water, these ten varieties might perform better and give positive ROCE.
Moreover, those varieties with positive ROCE could have performed better and have
higher ROCE.
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
28
Table 8. Return on cash expenses (ROCE) of ten high yielding rice varieties
VARIETY
GRAIN YIELD GROSS
COST OF
NET
ROCE
PER PLOT INCOME PRODUCTION INCOME (%)
(kg/12m²)
(Php)
(Php)
(Php)
IR64
4.25 72.25
77.09 -4.84
-6.00
NSIC Rc 144
3.80 65.00
77.09 -12.49
-16.20
NSIC Rc 134
4.25 72.25
77.09 -4.84
-6.00
NSIC Rc 138
5.33 90.61
77.09 13.52
17.52
NSIC Rc 140
4.93 83.81
77.09 6.72 8.71
NSIC Rc 150
4.00 68.00
77.09 -9.09
-11.79
NSIC Rc 146
5.33 90.61
77.09 13.52
17.52
NSIC Rc 130
4.67 79.39
77.09 2.30 2.98
NSIC Rc 154
3.77 64.09
77.09 -13.00
-16.86
PSB 28
4.93 83.81
77.09 6.72 8.71
(control)
Note: the selling price of rice grains is based on Php 17.00/kilo.
Texture of Cooked Rice
Table 9 shows the texture of cooked rice of the different varieties. Ten farmers
and ten housewives were used as testing panel for both newly cooked and cooked rice
that was stored overnight. PSB 28 (control), NSIC Rc 138, NSIC Rc 134, NSIC Rc 150
NSIC Rc 130 and IR64 had soft grains, while NSIC Rc 144 had hard grains. The other
varieties produced moderately soft grains that were newly cooked. Likewise for rice left
overnight, PSB 28 (control), NSIC Rc 134 and NSIC Rc 150 maintained their soft
quality. The rest of the varieties were moderately soft except for NSIC Rc 146 and NSIC
Rc 138 which were moderately hard. NSIC Rc 154 easily spoiled after storing overnight.
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
29
Mackill, et al., (2010) further stated that rice with intermediate amylose content
approaches the ideal for many consumers; they are fluffy when cooked and remain soft
when cool. Intermediate amylose is preferred in most rainfed lowland of Asia particularly
in Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines. Thus, the varieties which maintained soft grains
even after storing overnight may have intermediate amylase content and may be preferred
by Filipino consumers.
Table 9. Texture of cooked rice of ten high yielding rice varieties
VARIETY EATING QUALITY
NEWLY COOKED RICE RICE STORED OVERNIGHT
IR64
Soft
Moderately
hard
NSIC Rc 144
Moderately hard
Moderately hard
NSIC Rc 134
Soft
Soft
NSIC Rc 138
Soft
Moderately
hard
NSIC Rc 140
Moderately soft
Moderately soft
NSIC Rc 150
Soft Soft
NSIC Rc 146
Moderately soft
Moderately hard
NSIC Rc 130
Soft
Moderately
soft
NSIC Rc 154
Moderately soft
Spoiled
PSB 28 (control)
Soft
Soft
Rating Scale: 1- Soft, 2- Moderately soft, 3-Hard, 4- Moderately hard, 5- Very hard
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
30
General Acceptability
Table 10 shows the general acceptability of cooked rice of the different varieties.
Ten farmers and ten housewives were used as testing panel for both newly cooked and
cooked rice that was stored overnight. PSB 28 (control), NSIC Rc 138, NSIC Rc 134,
NSIC Rc 150 NSIC Rc 130 and IR64 liked very extremely while NSIC Rc 144 was
disliked slightly. The newly cooked rice of the other varieties were liked very much.
Likewise for cooked rice left overnight, PSB 28 (control), NSIC Rc 134 and NSIC Rc
150 were liked very extremely. The rest of the varieties were liked very much, except for
NSIC Rc 154 which was neither liked nor disliked by the panelists.
Table 10. General acceptability of ten high yielding rice varieties
VARIETY GENERAL ACCEPTABILITY
NEWLY COOKED RICE STORED
RICE OVERNIGHT
IR64
Liked very extremely
Liked very much
NSIC Rc 144
Disliked slightly
Disliked slightly
NSIC Rc 134
Liked very extremely
Liked very extremely
NSIC Rc 138
Liked very extremely
Liked moderate
NSIC Rc 140
Liked very much
Liked very much
NSIC Rc 150
Liked very extremely
Liked very extremely
NSIC Rc 146
Liked very much
Liked moderate
NSIC Rc 130
Liked very extremely
Liked very much
NSIC Rc 154
Liked very much
Neither liked nor disliked
PSB 28 (control)
Liked very extremely
Liked very extremely
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
31
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield of ten high yielding
rice varieties; identify the best adapted variety/ies in terms of yield, resistance to pests
and diseases, acceptability of the farmers and consumers; and determine the return on
cash expenses of growing high yielding rice varieties under Barangay Palale, Nueva Ecija
condition.
No significant differences were observed among the varieties in terms of number
of days from transplanting to plant recovery, tillering, booting, heading and maturity,
number of productive tillers per hill, and number of grains per panicle. NSIC Rc 146 and
NSIC Rc 138 produced tillers in 19 days and had the highest plant height at maturity with
means of 72.59 cm and 70.20 cm, respectively. It was also recorded that these varieties
gained the greatest number of productive tillers and gained the highest yield per plot.
NSIC Rc 144 was the earliest to produce tillers in 18 days and was the earliest to
boot, to form heads and mature in about 80 days after transplanting. IR64 and PSB 28
(control) were the latest to reach maturity.
Highly significant differences in plant height at maturity were observed among
the varieties. NSIC Rc 146 was the tallest followed by NSIC Rc 138, NSIC Rc 144, PSB
28 (control) while IR64 was the shortest. NSIC Rc 138 had the longest panicle, followed
by PSB 28 (control), NSIC Rc 146 and NSIC Rc 130, while NSIC Rc 144 had the
shortest panicle.
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
32
NSIC Rc 138 and NSIC Rc 146 obtained the highest grain yield per plot and per
hectare (5.33 kg/plot and 4.44 tons/ha) compared to PSB 28 (control) (4.93 kg /plot and
4.11tons/ha).
All varieties were found resistant to stemborer except for IR64 and NSIC Rc 154
which were moderately resistant. On blast (neck rot) evaluation, all varieties were
resistant.
PSB 28 (control), NSIC RC 134 and NSIC Rc 150, were liked very extremely by
the panelist.
Conclusion
Based on the result of the study, NSIC Rc 146 and NSIC Rc 138 had the highest
grain yield of 5.33 kg per 12 m2, recorded the highest number of productive tillers,
longest panicle at harvest, tallest plants and were found resistant to stemborer and blast.
Both varieties also exhibited the highest return on cash expenses (7.52%).
PSB 28 (Control), NSIC RC 134 and NSIC Rc 150 had soft grains just after
cooking and even after it was stored overnight. Both were acceptable to the farmer and
housewife respondents.
Recommendation
Based on the result of the study, NSIC Rc 138 and NSIC Rc 146 are
recommended at Barangay Palale, General Tinio, Nueva Ecija, for higher yield and return
on cash expenses.
PSB 28 (Control), NSIC RC 134 and NSIC Rc 150 are recommended for
processing due to soft grains and acceptability by farmers and housewives.
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
33
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UPLB, Laguna, Philippines. Pp. 7-8
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Binalonan Pangasinan condition. Unpublished BS Thesis. Benguet State
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Unpublished BS Thesis. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. P. 26.
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VIRMANI, S. S., C. X. MAO, and B. HARDY, 2003. Hybrid rice for food security,
poverty alleviation and environmental production. IRRI. P. 381.
YOSHIDA, S. 1981. Fundamental of rice crop science. IRRI. Los Baños, Laguna,
Philippines. Pp. 30-32.
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
36
APPENDICES
Appendix Table 1. Number of days from transplanting to recovery
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64
10 10
10
30
10
NSIC Rc 144
6 6
6
18
6
NSIC Rc 134
10 10
10
30
10
NSIC Rc 138
8 8
8
24
8
NSIC Rc 140
8 8
8
24
8
NSIC Rc 150
10 10
10
30
10
NSIC Rc 146
6 6
6
18
6
NSIC Rc 130
8 8
8
24
8
NSIC Rc 154
10 10
10
30
10
PSB 28 (control)
10 10
10
30
10
TOTAL 86
86
86
258
8.6
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
37
Appendix Table 2. Number of days from transplanting to tillering
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64
23
23
23
69
23
NSIC Rc 144
18
18
18
54
18
NSIC Rc 134
22 22
22
66
22
NSIC Rc 138
19 19
19
57
19
NSIC Rc 140
19 19
19
57
19
NSIC Rc 150
22 22
22
66
22
NSIC Rc 146
19 19
19
57
19
NSIC Rc 130
22 22
22
66
22
NSIC Rc 154
22 22
22
66
22
PSB 28 (control)
23
23
23
69
23
TOTAL 209
209
209
627
20.9
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
38
Appendix Table 3. Number of days from transplanting to booting
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64
54 54
54
162 54
NSIC Rc 144
47 47
47
141 47
NSIC Rc 134
52 52
52
156 52
NSIC Rc 138
50 50
50
150 50
NSIC Rc 140
50 50
50
150 50
NSIC Rc 150
52 52
52
156 52
NSIC Rc 146
50 50
50
150 50
NSIC Rc 130
52 52
52
156 52
NSIC Rc 154
52 52
52
156 52
PSB 28 (control)
54 54
54
162 54
TOTAL 513
513
513
1539
51.3
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
39
Appendix Table 4. Number of days from transplanting to heading
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64
64 64
64
192
64
NSIC Rc 144
54 54
54
162
54
NSIC Rc 134
61 61
61
183
61
NSIC Rc 138
64 64
64
192
64
NSIC Rc 140
59 59
59
177
59
NSIC Rc 150
61 61
61
183
61
NSIC Rc 146
59 59
59
177
59
NSIC Rc 130
59 59
59
177
59
NSIC Rc 154
61 61
61
183
61
PSB 28 (control)
64 64
64
192
64
TOTAL
606 606 606
1818
60.6
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
40
Appendix Table 5. Number of days from transplanting to maturity
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64
88 88
88
264
88
NSIC Rc 144
83 83
83
249
83
NSIC Rc 134
86 86
86
258
86
NSIC Rc 138
86 86
86
258
86
NSIC Rc 140
86 86
86
258
86
NSIC Rc 150
86 86
86
258
86
NSIC Rc 146
83 83
83
249
83
NSIC Rc 130
86 86
86
258
86
NSIC Rc 154
86 86
86
258
86
PSB 28 (control)
88 88
88
264
88
TOTAL
858 858 858
2574
85.8
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
41
Appendix Table 6. Number of productive tillers per hill
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64 8
8
8
24
8
NSIC Rc 144
9 8
9
26
9
NSIC Rc 134
8 9
9
26
9
NSIC Rc 138
9 9
9
27
9
NSIC Rc 140 10
9
8
27
9
NSIC Rc 150
9 9
9
27
9
NSIC Rc 146 9
10 9
28
9
NSIC Rc 130
9
8 9
26
8
NSIC Rc 154
8 9
8
25
8
PSB 28 (control)
8 9
8
25
8
TOTAL
87 88
86
261
9
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM
MEAN
OBSERVED
TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Replication
2 0.267
0.133 1.63ns
2.46 3.60
Treatment
9 4.667
0.519
Error
18 5.733
0.319
TOTAL 29 10.667
ns= not significant
Coefficient of variation (CV) = 6.51%
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
42
Appendix Table 7. Plant height at maturity
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64 63.85
64.42
56.05
184.32
61.44
NSIC Rc 144
68.91 68.83 71.18 208.92 69.64
NSIC Rc 134
69.54 65.85 68.97 204.36 68.12
NSIC Rc 138
69.93 70.87 69.81 210.61 70.20
NSIC Rc 140 68.24
67.81 67.76
203.81
67.94
NSIC Rc 150
67.07 67.71 67.76 202.54 67.51
NSIC Rc 146 71.99
72.16 73.64
217.79
72.59
NSIC Rc 130
68.07
69.60
69.97
207.64
69.21
NSIC Rc 154
63.19 63.87 65.63 192.69 64.23
PSB 28 (control)
69.29 69.42 69.65 208.36 69.45
TOTAL
680.08 680.54 680.42 2041.06 68.04
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM
MEAN
OBSERVED
TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Replication
2
0.011
0.006
8.52**
2.46
3.60
Treatment
9 269.243
29.916
Error
18 63.205
3.511
TOTAL
29 332.460
** = highly significant
Coefficient of variation (CV) = 2.75%
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
43
Appendix Table 8. Length of panicle at harvest
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64 19.55 20.07
19.68 59.3
19.77
NSIC Rc 144 19.71
19.63
19.94 59.28 19.76
NSIC Rc 134
20.59
19.11
19.6
59.3
19.77
NSIC Rc 138
22.23 21.74 20.73 64.7
21.57
NSIC Rc 140 20.64 20.63 20.62 61.89
20.63
NSIC Rc 150
19.81 19.28 20.82 59.91
19.97
NSIC Rc 146 20.87 21.79 21.46 64.12
21.37
NSIC Rc 130 19.42
19.94 21.82 61.18
20.39
NSIC Rc 154
19.18 19.5
20.74
59.42
19.81
PSB 28 (control)
23.74 20.4
20
64.14
21.38
TOTAL
205.74 202.09 205.41 613.24
20.44
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM
MEAN
OBSERVED
TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Replication
2
0.839
0.419
1.86ns
2.46
3.60
Treatment
9 15.208
1.690
Error
18 16.377
0.910
TOTAL
29 32.424
ns= not significant
Coefficient of variation (CV) = 4.67%
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
44
Appendix Table 9. Number of grains per panicle
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64
85
99
82
266
89
NSIC Rc 144 79 83 81 244 81
NSIC Rc 134
106
74
88
267
89
NSIC Rc 138
90 91 92 273 91
NSIC Rc 140 12
101 110
322
107
NSIC Rc 150
100 88 92
280
93
NSIC Rc 146 85
104 91
279
93
NSIC Rc 130 101
94
100
295
98
NSIC Rc 154 93 95 88
277
92
PSB 28 (control)
85
81
85
51
84
TOTAL
835 910 908 2653
88
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM
MEAN
OBSERVED
TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Replication
2
70.067
35.033
2.33ns
2.46
3.60
Treatment
9 1272.533
141.393
Error
18 1091.267
60.626
TOTAL
29 2433.867
Ns= not significant
Coefficient of variation (CV) = 8.37
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
45
Appendix Table 10. Number of filled grains per panicle
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64
72
74
78
224
75
NSIC Rc 144 74
80 81
235 78
NSIC Rc 134
84
70
78
232
77
NSIC Rc 138
73 81
84 238 79
NSIC Rc 140 94
88 97
279
93
NSIC Rc 150
91 76
80 247 82
NSIC Rc 146 78
84 82
244
81
NSIC Rc 130 90
85
85
260
87
NSIC Rc 154 84
89 74
248
83
PSB 28 (control)
93
80
76
249
83
TOTAL
835
804
816
2455
82
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM
MEAN
OBSERVED
TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Replication
2
35.467
17.733
2.22ns
2.46
3.60
Treatment
9 720.833
80.093
Error
18 647.867
35.993
TOTAL
29 1404.167
Ns = not significant
Coefficient of variation (CV) = 7.33%
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
46
Appendix Table 11. Number of unfilled grains per panicle
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64
12
7
7
26
9
NSIC Rc 144 5 6 3
14
5
NSIC Rc 134
22
6
89
37
12
NSIC Rc 138
9 10
8 26 9
NSIC Rc 140 16
13 12
43
14
NSIC Rc 150
11 13 12 26
9
NSIC Rc 146 4
16 8
28
9
NSIC Rc 130 15
9
20
44
15
NSIC Rc 154 11 6 19
36
12
PSB 28 (control)
7
8
13
28
9
TOTAL
112 94 111 317
11
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM
MEAN
OBSERVED
TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Replication
2
23.267
11.633
1.20ns
2.46
3.60
Treatment
9 246.300
27.367
Error
18 409.400
22.744
TOTAL
29 1404.167
Ns = not significant
12.66 %23.64%
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
47
Appendix Table 12a. Reaction to stemborer incidence (Dead hearts)
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64
1
3
2
6
2.00
NSIC Rc 144 0 0 0 0 0.00
NSIC Rc 134
1
0
1
2
0.67
NSIC Rc 138
0 1 0 0 0.33
NSIC Rc 140 1
2
1 4
2.00
NSIC Rc 150
1 1 1 3 1.00
NSIC Rc 146 0 0
0 0 0.00
NSIC Rc 130
1 1 0 2 0.70
NSIC Rc 154 2 1 2 5 1.67
PSB 28 (control)
1
1
2
4
2.00
TOTAL 8
10
9
27
0.90
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
48
Appendix Table 12b. Reaction to stemborer incidence. (White heads)
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I II III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64
1
3
2
6
2.00
NSIC Rc 144 0 1 0 1 0.30
NSIC Rc 134
1
0
1
2
0.70
NSIC Rc 138
0 0 0 0 0.00
NSIC Rc 140 0
0
1 1
0.30
NSIC Rc 150
1 4 1 6 2.00
NSIC Rc 146 1 0
0 1 0.30
NSIC Rc 130
0 1 1 2 0.70
NSIC Rc 154 1 1 0 2 0.70
PSB 28 (control)
0
0
0
0
0.00
TOTAL 5
10
6
21
0.70
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
49
Appendix Table 13. Weight of 1000 filled grains
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64
21
23
24
68
23bcd
NSIC Rc 144 24 22
22 68 23bcd
22cd
NSIC Rc 134
23
20
22
65
NSIC Rc 138
23 25
26 74
25ab
NSIC Rc 140 25 26 25
76
25ab
NSIC Rc 150
25 24
22 71
23bcd
NSIC Rc 146 26 26 27
79
26a
NSIC Rc 130 20
23
23
66
22cd
NSIC Rc 154 22 20
21 63 21d
24abc
PSB 28 (control)
25
24
24
73
TOTAL
23
23
24
23.4
7.8
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM
MEAN
OBSERVED
TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Replication
2
0.067
0.033
3.19*
2.46
3.60
Treatment
9 62.533
6.948
Error
18 39.267 2.181
TOTAL
29 101.867
*= significant
Coefficient of variation (CV) = 6.35 %
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
50
Appendix Table 14. Yield per 12m2
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64
3.50
5.50
3.75
12.75
4.25
NSIC Rc 144
3.40 3.50 3.75
10.65 3.8
NSIC Rc 134
4.75
3.50
4.50
12.75
4.25
NSIC Rc 138
5.75 4.75 5.50
16.0
5.33
NSIC Rc 140 5.55 4.50 4.75
14.80 4.93
NSIC Rc 150
4.0 3.50 4.50 12.0 4.00
NSIC Rc 146 5.50 4.75 5.75
16.0
5.33
NSIC Rc 130
4.50 4.75 4.75
14.0
4.67
NSIC Rc 154 3.5
4.30
3.50 11.3 3.77
PSB 28 (control)
4.80
5
5
14.80
4.93
TOTAL
45.25 44.05 45.75
135.05 4.50
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM
MEAN
OBSERVED
TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Replication
2
0.153
0.076
3.70**
2.46
3.60
Treatment
9 10.822
1.202
Error
18 5.842 0.325
TOTAL
29 16.817
**= highly significant
Coefficient of variation (CV) = 12.66 %
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
51
Appendix Table 15. Computed yield per hectare
REPLICATION
VARIETIES
I
II
III
TOTAL
MEAN
IR64
2.92
4.58
3.13
10.62
3.54
NSIC Rc 144 2.83 2.92
3.13
8.88
2.96
NSIC Rc 134
3.96
2.92
3.75
10.62
3.54
NSIC Rc 138
4.79 3.96
4.59 13.33 4.44
NSIC Rc 140 4.63
3.75
3.96
12.33
4.11
NSIC Rc 150
3.33 2.92
3.75 10.00 3.33
NSIC Rc 146 4.58
3.96
4.79
13.33
4.44
NSIC Rc 130 3.75 3.96
3.96 11.67 3.89
NSIC Rc 154 2.92
3.58
2.92
94.17
3.14
PSB 28 (control)
4.00
4.16
4.16
12.33
4.11
TOTAL 37.71
36.71
38.14
112.56
3.75
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE DEGREE
SUM
MEAN
OBSERVED
TABULAR F
OF
OF
OF
OF
F
VARIATION FREEDOM SQUARE SQUARE
5% 1%
Replication
2
0.106
0.053
3.71**
2.46
3.60
Treatment
9 7.488 0.832
Error
18 4.041 0.224
TOTAL
29 11.635
**= highly significant
Coefficient of variation (CV) = 12.63 %
Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
Condition / Merriam A. Balajo. 2010
Document Outline
- Growth and Yield of Ten High Yielding
Rice Varieties Under General Tinio, Nueva Ecija Condition.
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- Agroclimatic Data
- Number of Days from Transplanting to Recovery
- Number of Days from Transplanting to Tillering
- Number of Days from Transplanting to Booting
- Number of Days from Transplanting to Heading
- Number of Days from Transplanting to Maturity
- Number of Productive Tillers per Hill
- Plant Height at Maturity
- Length of Panicle at Harvest
- Number of Grains per Panicle
- Number of Filled and Unfilled Grains
- Reaction to Blast Incidence (Neck Rot)
- Reaction to Stemborer Incidence
- Weight of 1000 Filled Grains
- Yield per 12 m2 and per Hectare
- Return on Cash Expenses (ROCE)
- General Acceptability
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- Summary
- Conclusion
- Recommendation
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES