I'H '(>71-0330-57-8

---

First Printing 2005
ISBN 971-0330-57-8
Although this publication may be reproduced in part or in whole without permission from the publisher/authors, due acknowledgement is highly
appreciated.
Bibliographic Citation:
Jacalan, G. B., H. B. Aliten, M. D. Cadatal, L. M. Colting, B. B. Gumihid, S. B. Maddul, A. D. Nono, G. S. Vasquez, F. C. Victor, J. A. Wakat. 2005. A
Glossary of Agricultural Terms in the Cordillera. Benguet State University, La Trinidad 2601 Benguet, Philippines.
Cover Design by:
Gilda B. Jacalan
Anna Liza B. Wakat
Cover Photo:
Courtesy of Anna Liza B. Wakat
Printed by:
BAGUIO ALLIED PRINTERS
No.3 Urbano St., Baguio City 2600
PHILIPPINES

---

MESSAGE
The Cordillera Region, as a home to a multilingual people, does not have a lingua franca for extension and outreach activities. Hence,
familiarity with the various terms used in farming activities by a plurality of speakers is perceived to help resolve the problem related to the
language of extension adopted in a multilingual setting. It will capacitate the extension workers.
To the users of this glossary of agricultural terms in the Cordillera Region, it is hoped that this document will facilitate not only the
dissemination of technologies and information but also help ease some communication gaps brought about by the various languages used in the
Region.
Although the researchers tried within the limits of time, efforts, and funds available to make this document a comprehensive one, the
translation and equivalence of words gathered are continuously being done. This initial glossary is therefore far from perfect. Hence, the University
hopes to receive comments and reactions from the users to further improve this piece of document.
~/~.
R06'ELIO D. COLTING
President

---

FREFACE
In the Cordillera Region, most of the people earn their living through agriculture. Just like any other discipline, agriculture has a language of
its own, which is alive and dynamic. This one aspect of the nature of language accounts for the constant changes of agricultural terms that emerge
from the various areas of this discipline. These changes occur as new technologies and information emerge from large amount of research and
extension activities completed year after year. Moreover, keeping abreast with current terms of an ever-changing industry can be a complicated
task. Hence, there is a need to know and be familiar with agricultural terms used by a linguistically diversified people.
The English language is the main point of reference in searching for the accurate equivalence or local synonym(s) of an existing agricultural
term. The choice of a particular language from a very rich language reservoir was based on the plurality of speakers.
In this glossary are about 600 agricultural terms used for farming activities in the Cordillera Region. These terms relate to crops and animals
grown, farm tools and implements used, climatic condition prevailing in the locality, and pests incidence among others, and are written in seven
Cordilleran languages (along with English, Tagalog, and Iloko) and used by a plurality of speakers in Abra (Tingguian), Apayao (Isnag), Benguet
(Ibaloi/Kankana-ey), Ifugao (Tuwali), Kalinga (Kalinga) and Mt. Province (Bontoc). For accuracy and acceptance, these terms were validated in a
two-day workshop attended by the provincial agricultural officers (PAOs) and municipal agricultural officers (MAOs) in the Region as well as some
socio-Iinguists and ethno-Iinguists. A number of agri-terms were omitted from the initially collected items because there were no lexical variations.
All the entries are presented in a matrix. As the main entries and point of reference, the English terms lifted from various sources such as
dictionaries, Thesauruses, books, and other compilations are arranged alphabetically and entered as the first column. Furthermore, the contents of
this glossary are limited to agricultural terms with lexical variations.
THE AUTHORS
ii

---

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors acknowledge with sincere thanks:
1. The Institute of Social Research and Development (ISRD) Director, Dr. Marie Klondy T. Dagupen, and Research Assistants: Jariet M. Siano,
Analyn A. Lucas, and Lailanie L. Moreno, for extending administrative
assistance in conducting the validation workshop including other
related tasks;
2. The Philippine Institutional University Cooperation (PIUC) Programme thru the ISRD (Project 5), for the funds used in data gathering, during
the validation workshop and in printing this document;
3. The Provincial Agricultural Officers (PAOs) and the Municipal Agricultural Officers (MAOs) in the Cordillera Region, for their involvement
during the validation workshop;
4. Dr. Esther R. Hufana, the socio-linguist, for her comments and recommendations to further improve the packaging of this document;
5.
Prof. B. Balweg, Dr. L. G. Urio, Dr. T. M. Merestela, Mr. B. L. Baucas, Mr. R. B. Buenavista, and Ms. T. P. Vitales for sharing their efforts pro
bono in providing accurate eqUivalences;
6. To all other colleagues, who in one way or the other, may have been involved in fine-tuning this document.
iii

---

JNFOKMATJON A50UT THE AUTHOKS
The Study Leader:
Dr. Gilda B. Jacalan. A former Director of the Publications and Media Services (PMS-OVPRE), she is presently the Director of Public Affairs
under the Office of the President. In addition to this administrative function, Dr. Jacalan is equally active in instruction at the Graduate School
handling Language Education subjects as well as at the Humanities Department teaching English language subjects.
Co-Study Leaders:
Dir. Henry B. Aliten. Mr. Aliten is presently connected with the Department of Land Reform, Cordillera Region as an Assistant Director. Being
from Apayao who speaks Isnag, he coordinated the collection of agri-terms in Isnag.
Dr. Macario D. Cadatal. Designated as the Director of the Northern Philippines Root Crops Research and Training Center (NPRCRTC), Dr.
Cadatal is a Professor at the College of Agriculture whose expertise is in the field of agronomy. He coordinated the collection of agri-terms in
Kalinga.
Dr. Lita M. Colting. Presently designated as the university Registrar, Dr. Colting is a Professor at the College of Agriculture with expertise in
Entomology. As a Kankana-ey, one of the major tribes in Benguet, she coordinated the collection of kankana-ey agri-terms in the same
province.
Ms. Beverly Ann B. Gumihid. Ms. Gumihid is presently involved in social science researches at the Institute of Social Research and
Development. Her expertise includes agribusiness research and development. She was responsible in the collection of Bontoc language in the
Mt. Province.
iv
.

---

Dr. Sonwright B. Maddul. Concurrently, Dr. Maddul, an Animal Scientist, is the Vice-President for Research and Extension and the
Consortium Director of the Highland Agriculture and Resources Research and Development Consortium. He coordinated the collection of agri-
terms in Tuwali in Ifugao.
Mr. Alejandro D. Nono. A member of the support services staff at the Office of the Vice-President for Research and Extension, Mr. Nono
coordinated the collection of agri-terms in Tingguian in Abra.
Mr. Geronimo S. Vasquez. A Storekeeper at the Supply and Management Office, Mr. Vasquez coordinated the collection of I1oko agri-terms.
Prof. Florencia C. Victor. A Filipino Professor at the Department of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, Prof. Victor is currently the
Director of the Pangrehyong Sentro Ng Wikang Filipino. She coordinated the collection of agri-terms in Tagalog.
Mr. Jimmy A. Wakat. An agro-forestry Instructor, Mr. Wakat is with the Department of Agroforestry, College of Agriculture. As an Ibaloi, one
of the major tribes in Benguet, he coordinated the collection of agri-terms in Ibaloi.
v

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CONTENTS
Message
Preface
ii
Acknowledgement
iii
About the Authors
iv
The Agricultural Terms
1
References .
25
Appendix
A.
Definition of English Agricultural Term
27
B.
Validation Workshop Participants with Photos
.
45
vii

---

T·,cecy~ordillera
.Hc~Jtijral T~';rms

---

I
ENGUSH
BONTOC
IIALOI
ILOKO
ISNAG
KAUNGA
I KANKANA·EY I TAGALOG
TlNGGUIAN
TUWAU
..._---
Afternoon
Misuyao/Maksep
Ma-shem
Malem
Gidam
Madama
Masdem
Hapon
Gidiam/Masdom
Himbatangan
Animal
Talaken
AnimallTaraken
Dingwen
Tarakan
Animal
Talaken
Hayop
Tuluken animal
Ag-gayam
Ant
Fuwes
KutonlAtitiyeng!Eting Kuton
Kutun
Kattong
Kuton/Bebewes
Langgam/Guyam
Uvo/Ubo
Gulom/Gutul
Aphid
Kuto
Apids/Kuto
Aplat
Alupiit
Kuto
Kuto
Dapulak/AfidslKuto
Aplat
Apids
Ash
Chapo
Ngaep/AsislAngep
Dapo
Abu/Dapug
Gabo
Asis/Abu/Dap-u
Abo
Chapol/Gabo
Dapul
Vasay/Guasayl
Axe
Wasay
Wasay
Watay/Parakol
Wasay
Wasay
Palakol
Pannakol
Wahe/Putaw
Wasay
Azolla
Kuliplip
Kulipdip/Kolepdep
Asolla
Asolla
Kudipdip
Lumot/Kuliplip/Bagiw AsolalAzalia
Kuyap/Bagiw
Aluhi-i/Ulip-ip
Kambag!Kampit/
Backpack
Sangi
Lagpi/Sagupit
Lagpi/Kalula
Pasiking
Sangi
Backpack/Bakpak
Pasiking
Pahiking
Pasiking
Deckshan/Baeng!
Awid-dan/Baliwangl
Backyard
Fitling!Awichan
Likudan
Naminlikud amuag
Pidong
Bakuran
Paway/Likod buloy
Awidan/Natangan
Bohdayan
Ba-anQ
Pananalantal
Bacterial wilt
Laylay
TumbalDayday
Bacterial wilt
Nangrag
MalaylayINalyao
Kuyos
Nalpa
Nalyo
Panluluoy
TafanlTapang!
Bait
Papan
Appan
Appan
Papan
Papan
Pain
Gamoten
Tapang
Tippan
DavongITongpopl
Kawayanl
Bamboo shoot
Lafong
Rabong
Rabong
Labong
Labong
Lavong
Tungpup
AnQbot
AnQawayan
Banana
Falat
Balat
Saba
Dupat/Bagat
Balat
SabalBaat/Balat
Saging
Balat
Balat
1 Finger
Isay foker ay falat
Sakey balat
Maysa saba
Ramay
Simbukol
Esay baat
Isang gama
Osang ay balat
Ohan balat
Sansafad/Sakey
1 Hand
Sinsapi/Sinsapad
Maysa sapad
Tapad/Sapad
Sinsapad
Esay sapad
Isang piling
Singkasapad
Ohan hapad
sapad
1 Bunch
Sinpanga-ew
Sanbolig
Maysa bulig
Tangabulig
Simbulig
Esay bulig
Isang buwig
Singkasapad
Ohan bulig
Banana blossom
Pusan si falat
Ugso
Sabunganay
Puso dupat/Bagat
Pukol
Ugso
Puso ng saging
Pokol
Puhun di balat
Ayshi naisek/
Barren
Punchag
Agtangatang
Er-er
Basig
Nakgang
Tigang
LauglTanap
Mamullag/Butin
Bakante
Sa-din/Nay-sa-denl
Hadlang/Balakidl
Barrier
Selat/Alad
LappedlAlad
Lippad
TalangkalSonod
Salin
Kodong
Alad
Alad
SaQabal/HalinQ
Magtinnappangl
Palitanl
Barter
Isukat
Sa-dat
Panag sinnukat
Sinnukat
Isukat
Insuboi/isukat
Ihan-not
Magtinnalliya
Makipagbarter
Laballgtappang!
Basket/Dangajal
LagbaITiklislBasket/
Basket
LabfalBaskit
Basket
Balo/Lapinal
Lupaak
Basket/Buslo
Basket/Lakba
Bah-ket
Tikles/Go-bong
Kolbong/BingalUpig
Rangaya
-
--_ .._--,.~
Paniki/Ditdit/
Bat
Fatfatay
Panniki
Paniki
Paniki
Kibkibalot
Paniki/Bat
Litlalit
Lit-talit
Bik-bik-dot
--
Kotilas/Fotilas/
Dugjas/Duriasl
Bean
Bukel/Habichuelas
Anta
Antak/Butilas
Ludiyas
Habitsuelas/Bean
Bakel
Bulhe
Bitwelas
Doreyas
..
Alig/Yukan/
Uyokan/Dinuanl
AIig!UyukalPulot/
Laywan/Pukyutanl
Bee
Alimbubuyog
IyokanlAliglAnig
Anig
Yukan/lyukan
Alig/Guling/lnalit
FulelenQan
Dinuwan/Potvokan
Alimbubuyog
BubuyoQ/Putakti
Pagpag-ong/Kikiyesl
Tamtami/Kabkabal1
Beetle
Fulilising
Barra irong
Kutkutdo
Kukodong
Uwang/Bitel
Buyogan
Yangyang-od
Boh-bohkong
Aliliyagaw
Betel leaf
Khawed
Gawed/Dawed
Gawed
Gawad
Lawod
Gawed
Gawed
Lawed/Lawod
Hapid
3
l

---

ENGLISH
BONToe
IBALOI
ILOKO
ISNAG
KALINGA
I KANKANA-EY·••\\ TAGALOG
TlNGGUIAN
TUWAU
-I
Betel nut
Foa
BuwalBowa
Bua
Buwa
Bua
Buwa
BungalBuwa
Bua
Morna
Bird
Ay-ayam/Billit
Titit
Billit
An-anu
Sissiwit
Titit
Ibon
PillokalManmanok
Hamuti
Kapanganakan/
Birth
Umanak
Inmanak/Pan-anak
Pannakayanak
Meana
Umanak
Umanak
Ummanak
Ayyam/Nitungohan
PaQkapanganak
Bitter gourd
Parya
Palja
Paria
Parya
Apapet
Parya
Ampalaya
Palya
Apapet
Black bean/
Mangmanghat a
Black bean
Falatong
Utong
Nangisit nga bukel
Nangisit anta
Ngitit un antak
Batong/Balatong
Nangitit ay antak
Lequmbre
kawat
Magpusa se
Blight
Lango/Blayt
BlighVDayday
Blight
Bla-iVLango
Blayt
Blayt
Lango
Lango
maqkarsi va adon
Bolo
KampilalFeneng
Etak
Buneng
Aliwa
Badang/Gaman
Banig
Itak
Badjang
Otak/Panggap
Borrow
Fulod
Utang/Bulod
Bumulod/Umutang
Tumkaw
Bumulod
Manbulod/Man-utang Hiram
Bulod/Utang
Banhon
Padaw/Agpapandan/
Eteg/Gedeng/
Boundary
Fedcheng
Eteg
Benneg
Kigad
Hangganan
Budjong/Boddong
Pogpog
Talumpanda
BeddenQ
Branch
Sanga
SangalPanga
Sanga
Sanga
PangalSanga
SangalPingi
Sanga
Sangan kayo
Hapang
Paghero/Pagtatak/
Branding
Marka
MalkalPangidasinan Panagmarka
Magmarka
Marka
Man-marka
Manmalka
Punmarka
Paqmarka
Ganapan/Ganab/
Puli/Menpachakep/
Panang-pasaya-aV
Klase/Puli/Ganak/
Breed
Puli
Magan-anal
Ganak/Puli
Lahi/Uri/Paglalahi
Manpalahi/Padjakop Pu-uniPunholagon
Menpachakhem
Puonan
Manpadakep
ManQpaganab
Manador/Takal/
Mangangastal
Breeder
Pala-anak
Paramanada
Pangganaan
Gagannakan
Paradakep
Poonan
Manador
Para shakip
Naqlalahi
Breeze
Suysuy
Shagem/Puyupoy
Puyupoy
Amur/Parru
Puya-aw
Suyusoy
Simoy
Tunqnin
Mundibdib
Bridge
Langtay
Taytay/Rangtay
Rangtay
Aratay
Langtay
Langtay
Tulay/Talaytay
Allatoy
Langtay
I
Bud
Singi/Pingi
Bengis/Timil
Busel
UlguVTaringit
SimiVUtol
SaringiVPingiITimil
Buko/Usbong
Salingit
Uhi-yok
Insekto/Kuto/
Bug
Chagew
Dingse/Kiteb
Bukbok
SuruVTuma
Kitub/Dangaw
Bangbangsit
Djammilong
Dangaw
GarapatalKato
Bulb
Poon/Fugas
Dames
Bagas
Balb
Bugas/Poon
Balb
Balb
Poon
Napkol
Tah-Nay/Bed-bed/
-
Bundle
Fedfed/Falod
Binettek
Uyon/Appat
Bobod/Botok
Bedbed/Betek/Uyon Bigkis/Bungkos
Butok
Botok
Bitek/San kern-kern
Bulbul-o/Boh-boh-do/
Paruparo/
Butterfly
Ak-akop
Kulibangbang
Kulibangbang
Kullapoy
Bilbil-o/Bibil-o
Kullapoy
Kulkulap-e
Kupa-pey
Alibambang
Tunggal/Tungkal/
Gumattang/
Buy
Lumakho
Tunggalen/
Gumatang
Gumatang
Ngumina
Manlako
Bumili
Ngumina
Pumlak
Tunqkalen
Menongal/Ahente/
Buyer
Lumaklako
Aggat gatang
Gumaggatang
Angngina
Manlaklako
Mamimili
Palangina
Humubli
Para tungkal
Tangkal/Puk6/
Cage
Kakhafan
Kudungan/Keb-bi
Tangkal
Boklut
Kalaw/Biki
Hawla
Tangkal/Buki
Pukukan/Kubi
Agpukuan
Camias
Kamyas
Kamias
Pias
Pias
Iddolo
Kamyas/Piyas
Kalamyas/Kamias
Pias
Kamyas
Canal
Ketang
Kulokol/Kanal
Pakyas
Kali
Alak
Kanal/Kulokol
Bambang/Kanal
Palisi
Tula-ing/Alak
Carabao
Nuwang
Nuang/Nowang
Nuang
Nuwang
Luwang
NLiwang
Kalabaw
Luwang
Nuwang
- -
- - - - ~ - _ . _ -
4

---

ENGLISH
BONToe
IBALOI
ILOKO
ISNAG
KALiNGA
I..•·..KANKANA.EY .• 1 TAGALOG
TINGGUIAN
TUWAU
Carabull
Tot-o
Bumalo
Lalaki a nuang
Toru
Dappog
Bumalo/Kamado
Barakong kalabaw
Bumbumallo
Bulug an nuwang
Batang kalabawl
Caracalf
Kuyao/Kuyang
Kilaw
Ubing a nuang
Urbon
Ubbo
Bumalasang
Djanawan
Ulbun an nuwang
Guya
Panginaenl
Caracow
Kamfakyan
Kabadjanl
Kabakyan
Bakat nuwang
Abbay
Kabay-yan
Inahing kalabaw
Kabbaiyan
Obay
Bumedasang
Cart
Kaliton
Kariton/Pasagad
Karison
KaromataiKariton
DalusaiKaliton
Kariton
Kariton 0 kareton
Kallison
Kaliton
Katemoro/SangdayI Kamoteng kahoyl
Balinghoy/Kamoteng
Cassava
PadpadlilApaya
Balangkoy
Pappadli
Kaka-iw/Balangkoy
Molo/Kasoy
Kahoy
Kakoy
Kahoy
Kahoy
Castrate
Men-ifitli
Kapon
Panagkapon
Maglassit
Kapon di luwang
Man-ibitli
Kapunin/Pagkapon
Mankapon
Kapun
Higad/Tiias/Uod ng
Caterpillar
Kecheng
AtarolAlabas
Arabas
Arabat
Antatado/Batol
Atatado/Tatado
Batol
Bigi/Batbatol
Iparuparo
Cattle
Faka
Sangshuan/Baka
Baka
Baka
Baka
Baka
Baka
Baka
Baka
Manador/Bumalol
Bull
Tot-o
Toro
Toru
Toro/Laki
Bumalo
Toro
Tolo
Bulug
Tahal
Calf
Kuyao/Kuyang
Kilaw
Urbon
Urbon
Abeng bakaiUbbo
Ulbon/Kilaw
GuyaiBulo
Ulbon
Ulbun
Cow
Kamfakyan
Kabajan
Kabakyan
Bakat baka
Bae/Paina
Kabay-yan
Bakang babae
Kabbayan
Tin-na
Heifer
Fumalasang
Bumedasang
Bumalasang
Alsab
Amalasang
Bumalasang
Dumalagang baka
Dianawan
BumalasanQ
Nasakuchanl
Sangsuan/Sakduranl
Horned
Nasaraan
Nagsagud
Nasakgudan
Nasakngudan
May sungay
Nasagudjan
Nahakgudan
Nasagkuchan
Asakdoran
Ayshi sakdod tol
Hornless
Mid sakkod na
Awan ti sara na
Awan sagud
Naid sakgud na
Magay sakngud na
Walang sungay
Maid sakgodna
Maid hakgudna
Monmon
Dahin kavajol
Stag
Kapon
Lalaki
Nalsitan nga baka
Amkok
Kamado
Bakang lalaki
Turturittit
Nakapun an bulig
Bubumalo
Steer
Nakapon
Kilaw/Kapon
Bomaro
Bumaro
Kapon
Nakapon
Nakapong baka
Bumbumallo
Nakapun
Charcoal
Uling
Uling/Sangsang
Uging
Bakkag
Osing
Uling
Uling
Osing
Uling
Chicken
Manok
Manok
Manok
Anu
Manok
Manok
Manok
Manok
Manuk
Chick
Impas/Kin-uy/Piyek
Kiyap/Kipkip/Kiyep
Piyek
Pipiya
Issiw
Kiyap
Sisiw
Piyok/Siyop
Im-impa
Tandang/
Cock
Kawitan
Kawitan
Kawitan
Kawitan
Kawitan
Kawitan
Kawitan
Kawitan
SasabunQin
..•...._...•._•.. _-_..-
Manggaygayat
Magasulog/Ban-og
Cockerel
Kawitan
.. Tulol
Bomaro
Kawkawitan
Tumalangad
Katyaw/Tatyaw
Kawitan
magitarakot
on kawitan
. . .
_.-.-~-
Hen
Mangalak
UfaiUbwan/Upa
PamusianiUpa
Pangganaan
Mangalak
Ubo-an
Inahing manok
Ubuwan
Ubuwan
, ..
Pullet
Chesak
Kiyap/Kipkip/Kiyep
Dumalaga
Umap-apun
Amalasang
Pamasang/Up-pa
Dumalagang manok Bumalasang
Dallupidit
- - _ . . . . . .
...
-- ,._-_._".-
•
Tandang/
Rooster
Kawitan/Kulung
Kawitan
Kawitan
Manador
Kawitan
Kawitan
Kawitan
Kawitan
. Sti~tlbu~gin
--
.__._-
Kagaban/lkdoganl
Beki/Kagabanl
Chicken coop
Khogong
Kulungan
Alimalun
Kagaban
Pugad
Buki
Kubi
Keb-bi
15.!!Q2.r:lgan
. . ~
...
Takkin si manok/
Chicken dung
Tain manok/Dekong Lugit
Tuki
Attogit
LugitITain di manok IpotITaeng manok
Allogit
Gali-ing/Lugit
AfunolAg-aguban
---_.,-,"----_.
-~-
----
--_._ ..-
..- ~._.
Clay
Pitak/Oklin
Dubas
Pitak
Apikkatan
Sulat
Linang
Putik
Linang
Pitok
Clayey
Napitak
Nadubas
Napitak
Kanal
Nasulat
Linang
Maputik
Satat
Napitok
5

---

I
Climate
Timpo
AkewITempo
Panawen
Lawagan
Timpo/Dagum
Timpo
KlimalPanahon
Tempo
Dukke an timpo
Cloud
Angep/Lifu-o
KulpotlCoh-dep
Ulep
Aluyut
Libuo
Libu-o
Ulap
Liboo
KulputlBugut
Makulpotl
Naulep/Nakuleml
Maulap/Makulimlim 0 Mangkokos dalol
Cloudy
Maangep/lnlilifu-o
Enguh-depl
Naaluyut
Anlilibuo
Manlibu-o
NabugutlMabugut
Nakuyem
kulimlim
Naliboo
Engulpot
Nalamiis a panawenl Nasiyam/Nalminl
Mantingnenl
Matuningl
Cold weather
Chinamey/Lateng
Teg-In/KetellEnketit
TungninlNakumog
Maginaw/Malamig
Nakomog
Nalam-ek
Amian
MantiQ-en
Kotto-kottol
Collateral
Kolateral
SalshalKasadat
Ibienes
Patalian
Banat
Kolateral
GarantiyalKolateral
Binis
Pangid-onan
Compost
Lumeng/Kompos
Kompos/Et-toytoy
Naparupsa noa ruoit Nepalbao
Nalpos/Kompos
Kompos
Kompos
Nalpos
Inado
Katulagan di lakol
lIakom ta asi
Consign
Utang/Pa-idaho
Pailako
Angkat
Ipalako/Baggat
Konsayn
Ipalako
Ipagattang
Konsayn
bayadanllkonsayn
Araggamminl
Consumer
Lumaklako
Menong-gal
Agus-usar
Mangmangan
Lumaklako
Mamimili
Palangina
Nadon gumatang
Mangammin
Contour
Porman nan Iota
Porma ni pitoy
PormafTabas ti daoa Pabbag
Tabas di pita
Iporma
Contor
lIan di pita
Porman di Iota
Aggat-gatang nga
Maraggulpi
Kontalata ay
Contract buyer
Parakontrata
Mengontrata
KontratalPakyaw
ParakontratalPakyaw Mangungontrata
KontratalPakyaw
adda katulagan
gumatang
nguminalPalagulpi
InatanglTinudongl
PillulAbbuyugl
Bayanihanl
Cooperation
Og-ogfo
GamallBataresl
Ammoyo
Abboyog/Babbadang Aloyon/Dang-as
Tugnawa
Ubbu/Baddang
Magsiseng
Pagtutulungan
Tinadongan
Corn
Pikhi
Mais
Mais
Mait
Bakaw
MaislTige
Mais
Gassilan
Gahilang
Corn husk
KoplitlUkis
Bulangdang
Ambuligan
BulalUkis
Ukis
Ukis
Balat
Upik gassilan
Ukih
BinogboglBungan di
Corn kernel
Foker
Butil
Bukol
Bura
Binukol di bakaw
Bukel di mais
Butil
Buwan di gahilang
gassilan
Buwek ni maisl
Corn tassel
Buok
Buok
Pargay
Buok
Buokdi mais
Buhok ng mais
Boy-boy gassilan
Habong
Sabo-ngay
Creek
Kin-aw
PadoklSingi
Waig
Awweg
Sulong/Wa-il
Singi/Ketang
SapalBatis/Krik
Dalwait
Wah-el
Belbelting/Kalkal1
BUbut-tinglKakal
Cricket
Fib-iting/Nennen
Kuryat
Sisiyat
Battinga
SusuhonglKriket
Kullipan
BongoglAlla-el
Amsek
Bilbilting
Crop
MulafTanem
MulalEsek
Mula
Mula
Mula
MulalEsek
Tanim
Mula
Tanum/lnliyak
Halinhinang
Masukat sukat ti
Magsasanut nga
Mansisinnubad ay
Crop rotation
Mensinukat ay mula Pansinahdat ni mula
Sinsinnukat
Mansinukat di mula
pananimlPag-iba iba
Munhannot di tanom
maimula
agmula
klasin mula
no pananim
Crowbar
Falita
BaretalKabra
BaFreta
Bareta
Ballita
Balita
Bareta
Ballita
Balitah
Cucumber
Pipino
Pipino/Kasimon
Pipino
Asimun
Kasimon
Kasimon/Pipino
Pipino
Kassimon
Pipinu
Shai-shai/Sukdayenl
Gabyunen/Sukayenl
GaudanITanumanl
Cultivate
Feswag
Sukayen
Magkurkor
Kalonan
Pagbubungkal
Sukasukom
Mesokay
Kultibiten
LiyakonlTamuwan
Curling
Kulot
KulicullKulikul/Kulot Kulot
Makulkulot
Kulikog
Kulot
Kulot
Kulingkoy
Kulot
Cutworm
Figis
Begis/Demas
Biois
Arabat
Alabas
Bigis/Limas
Cutworm
BigislAlabas
Bigi
DungtotITombal
Panaglusak ti
Danus/Lappangl
Damping-off
Luyaw
NalposlNalyaw
LingtewITumba
Damping-of
Nalpos
Nalpe
Padpadsik
bunobon
Tagpa
BiggabiggatlBigbigaU
Bukang-liwaywayl
PalbangonlTullaok
Dawn
Napat-afTalan-olWiit Palbangon/Da-em
Parbangon
Gumabi
Gabis/Bongbongo
Muntalanu
Wikwikis
Madaling araw
di manok
.. -
--~_._
6

---

r- ENGLISH
BONTOC~__I_BA_L_O_I~-L- IL_O_K~O .......l................-.~IS_NA_G-,-••'----'--- KALiNGA I KANKANA·EV I_T_A_G_A_LO_G_---L._TI_NG_G_U_IA_N_--l.-_T_U_W_AL_'_
Akew/Ma-akew/
Agew/Kaagawan/
Day/Daylight
Akhew/Kag-aw
Aldaw
Aldaw/Aigaw
Aigaw
Araw
Wakas/Algaw
Algo
AQew
Napat-a
DungtotlAboyok/
Pagkabulok/
Decay
ChunotiNablok
Eboyok/Ashoral/
Agrupsa
Rupsa
Nalungtot
LungtotiBuyok
NatungtotiLupsa
Buluk/Dunot
Pagkasira
Dupok
Deficiency
Kulang
Kudang/Kulang
Agkurang
Kinakurang
Kulang
Kulang
KUlang/Kapus
Kulang
Kulang
Dehydrate
Langoen
Mag-an/Namag-an
Pakumbeten
Magpakarsi
Asasutllpamaga
Pay-osan
Pagkatuyo
Pamaga
Naihihan
Demand
Masapul/Kasapulan Kasapulan/Pi-lit
Kasapulan
Kasapulan gatangan Makasapol
Kasapulan
Kailangan
Natalak
Kahapulan
Depth
Ka-achalem
Shalem/Duhod
Kauneg
Kaunag
Kaadalum
Kaadalem
Lalim
Kaunog
Kinadallom
Dew
Ormu
Amol/Dina-aw
Linna-aw/Amor
Dirmun
Dolno
Duno
Hamog
Djimlong/Dolno
Dalu/Dalnu
Pagpupurgal
Deworm
Porkaen
PulkaiPulga
Panagpurga
Purgaan
Pulgaon
Purgaan
Pulgaom
Pulgaon
Laksante
Kal-kal/Kaotl Kaotan/
Kaloban/Koloban/
Humukay/Hukayin/
Dig
Kaufan/Kautan
Panagkali
Magsukay
KaotiGabyunen
Kulobom/Buk-am
Ka-utlKa-utan
Sokay
Buk-an
Naghukay
Balok/Tambak/Baok/
Dike
Faneng
Tambak
Tinamba
Pigol
Baneng
Pilapil/Dike
Dike/Palisi
BatnongiBanong
Kanal/Kolokol
Lahaggan/Kibugan/
Tawtawen/Sibnaken/
Dilute
TimplaITawtawen
Kiwal/Tunaw/Sinak
Naw-nawen
Kamsan
Banto
Kanawom
Kamohan
Danuman
Sebna-en
Dip
Itapek
Isiw-siw/Saw-saw
Ideppel
Isimraw/Apalgap
Isaw-saw
Isawsaw/lpisok
lIubog
Iyupel
Itam-ol/ltalbok
Winaritan/Diretso
Direct seeding
Isafog
Sabog/lpongaw
Imporwak
Inosok
Isabog
Sabog tanim
Inasak
Ihabuwag
niwarit ya bin-i
Pregerminated
Naipabgi
Pinatubo
Naparusing a bukel
Aggi metugnu
Pinatubo
Bunubon
Pinatubong binhi
Naibunobon
Itam-ol
seed
Lodging
Napabgi
I-aneng
Agdeppes
Nibtong/Nedapnas
Nandumak
Natukang
Paghapay ng palay
Idapos
Idakol
Broadcast
Isafog/Isapoak
Pinoyak/Pino-ngaw
Imporwak
Newarwarit
Iwalagis
Iwaras/Isapuwak
Pagsasabog
Man-iwalais
Ihabuwag
Apag apaman ti
Nadanuman/
Saturated field
Nachanuman
Ashanuman
Napigugu
Nadanuman
Natigmak sa linang
Nadanuman
Nadanuman
danum
Nabelbel
Kinmupas/
Discolored
Ninkupas/Kinmupas
Nagkupas
Magpurkas
Kinmupas
Nankupas/Kinmupas Kumupas
ChinomkotiSinomlag Kinmupas
Pinmaspas
Disease
Sakit
SahitiSakit
Sakit
Tinakit
Sakit
Sakit
Sakit
Sigab/Pallak
Hakit
Mayvalak/Mayvaras/
IwardatMagiwariti
Disperse/Distribute
Iwalas
Panagiwaras
Naiwalis/Naiwalas
Iwaras/lwatwat
Pamamahagi
Patalakon/lwalis
Ihabuwag/lkappong
Maywashas
MaQiwaras
Kanal/Pagayusan ti
Gagait awweg/
Kanal/Bagan/
Tulaing/Guhing/
Ditch
Ketang
Kanal/Paijas/Balok
Kali
Kanal/Ditse
Palisi
danum
Wangwang
Towaok
Taba-o/Luhuk
Kaad-adu-an/
Nakararami/
Dominant
Kaachuan
Karakdan/Nandasin Kaaduan
Napabeg/Ad-adu
Dakol/Kadaklan
Kapada
Dak-dakol
Nanlasin
Nakahihigit
Lakfaan/lk-iko/
PapayutlKikkirattog
Dudute/Dutdut-e/
Dragonfly
Shushuti/Sho-shote Tuwwato
Tuwato
Tutubi
Titiwalo
Du-uwitlDa-uti
Langfayan
Kukkurandinq
Lal-Ia-o
Men-ayusan si
Drainage
Pa-jas/Kanal/Doyas Pa-anges
Alinawang
Iyalak/Egewang
Keli
Paagusan
Ipaayos
Tula-ing/Guhing
chanum
Drip
Tedted
Ted-ted/Is-is
Tedted
Magpatta
Mantottod
Tedted
Tulo/Patak
Walasiwis/Sawsaw
Todtod
Drizzle
LagietiArbis
Albis/ArbisiMeg-is
Arbis
Darikamo
Amo-amok
Mantitennek
Ambon
Alumassi/Missi
Apuk
7

---

r
ENGUSH
SONTOC
ISALOI
ILOKO
ISNAG
KALiNGA
1•.KANKANA-Ey..1 TAGALOG
TINGGUIAN
TUWALI
TudokiChakonl
KawatiOgewl
Drought
KalgawlTikag
Tikag/Magkalia
Angag
Kumog
Tagtuyot
Kamaga
Dupal/Maugo
Ekhew/Fitil
Na-ti-an
Drum
Farchi/Dram
Drum/Baledis
Bariles
Baril
Dram/Baliles
Barelis/Dram/Balilis Dram
Tambal
Baliles
Emag-an/Pemag-anl
IpamagaiNabilagl
Tuyo/Nagpapatuyol
Inugawon/Maugol
Dry
Nalango/lpalango
Namaga
NamagaiNakarsi
Nango/Namga-an
Namaga
Mangka-mag-an
NamaqalNalango
Pagpapatuyo
Nalango
"Above stove" Sokosog
Sang-nga-an/lso-ol
Naisuor
Insupan
Suogan
Isu-o
Sa ibabaw ng kalan
Saangan
Ihayong
Magpasinga balil
Pamagaanl
Patuyupanl
Air-dry
Ipasoysoy
Jub-juban
Pawirwiran
Paanginanl
Ibilag si bibbid
Ipasoysoy
Patuyo sa hangin
Panampayubyubl
Padibdiban
Ipasaysay
Panampadubdub
Agderayanl
Hang-dry
Ifalayfay/ltayon
Nayba-jat
Iyalday
Iyaloy
Itayon
Isabit
Itayon
Ibalagbag
Madederayan
Panbidag shi sekitl
Binibilad sa arawl
Sun-dry
Isap-ey/lfilag
Naibilag
Mamilag
Binilag/lbilag si init
Isap-ey/lsgitllbilag
Mamilag
Ihap-e
Bilag
Pagbibilad sa araw
Dry rot
ChunotiNablok
Dufok/KikhetiDupok Dry rot
Umapog
Lango
Nango
Tuyong bulok
Nalango
Buluk
Panag-chakonl
Kalkaw/Ogewl
Pinagsisinagl
Iya-angag/Angag
Dry season
Tiempo ti kalgaw
EgewlTiyagew
Tag-arawlTag-init
Kamaga
Dupal/Maugo
Ekhew
Tiyakew
Magdagun
dagun
Duck
Pato
Pato/Papa
Pato
Patu
Pato
Pato
ItikiBibi/Pato
Pato
Gaw-gawaiPapa
Drake
Barako
Kawitan/Barako
Barako
Baraku
Barako
Barako
ItikiBibi/Patong lalaki Balako
Kawitan an gawgawa
Ubuwan an
Hen
Upa
UfalUbuwan
Opa
Ina patu
Paina
Obu-an
Inahing itikiBibi/Pato Ubuwan
!gawgawa
Duckling
Impas/Kin-oy/Piyek
Kiyap/Sibong
Piyek
Pipiya patu
Issiw
Kiyap/lngpas
Sisiw na bibi
PiyoklSiyop
Im-impa
KosbetiSedsechem
Ma-sheml
Dapit-haponlTakip-
Dusk
Sipnget
Gumlbat
Kulop
Sumiklep/Nasdem
Tapok
Makpa
na
Mangkedabi
silimlAgaw-dilim
Dust
ChapolTapok
TapokiDepok
Tapok
Tapu
Tapok
TapokiAbo
AlikaboklAbokiPulbo Lapok
Tapuk
YekhaiKenkened/
Sheg-sheg/Jeg-jegl
Earthquake
Gingined
Yagyag
Lunig
Yegyeg
Lindol
Yogyog
Kolyog
Yagyag
Kayeq
Kedang/Kudangatl
Earthworm
Kelang
Alinta
Aluki
Kulang
Tuwing/Kuwang
Bulate
Kulang
Kolang
Bileg
Egg
Itlog
Ikdoq/ltdog
Itlog
Ilog/ltlog
Itlog/lplog
Itlog
Itlog
Itlog
Itluq
Cagavan/lkdoganl
Obong/Ubonganl
Egg nest
Kakhafan
Ubong/Okbong/
Pagitlugan
Subut
Kagongkong/Sok-but
Pugad
Kulong/Djolmon
BuyaiPun-ltugan
Kagaban
Kogongan
Eggplant
Talong
TalonglTarong
Tarong
Tarong
Gattobang
Tarong
Talong
Tallong
Talung
Slide/Shal-shall
Pagkatibagl
Erosion
Magchay
Margaay
Nldayan/Gadday
Guday/Magday
Geday
Magdjay
Goh-de
Kishay/Kebang
Pagkaguho
External parts
of ruminants
Back
Likod/Echeg
Dihod/Beneg
Likod
Addag
Odog/Likod
Edeg
Likod
Vunog/Bunoy
Bonog/Odog
Belly
Poto
Ekes/Ekis
Tiyan
Lalaban/Sinay
Buwang/Botak
Eges/Buwang
Tiyan
Buwang
Putuh
Ham
Orpo
Dafa
Luppo
Apel/Lappu
PekpekiLapaiUlpo
Lamlames
Pigi
Ulpo
Ulpu
Head
Ulo
TuktokiUlo
Ulo
Ulo
Ulo/Lungos
Tuktok
Ulo
Vangkag/Utu
Ulu
f - - - - - -
. . .~~.-
Hoof
Kokod
Kukub
Kuko
Lutub
Kuko
Kuko/Kukob
Kuko
Kuko
Kukud
-~--
- ~----'-------~'--
. - - - ~----_....
- _ . , . ~ - - - _ . - . -
---
8

---

ENGLISH
BONToe
IBAlOI
IlOKO
ISNAG
·fi:iAllunA
IlAUIl,alL•••...u.
.....
-"..
' ........,.
....1
,
II'I
Horn
Sakhod
Sakdod
Sara
Sagud
Sakgod
Sakngod
Sungay
Sakgod
Hakgud
Loin
Lomo
Ulpo
Lumo
Lapiyong
Bai
Puyong/Upo
Lomo
Vunog/Bunoy
Bonog
Navel
Puseg
Puseg
Puseg
Pusag
Pusog
Puseg
Pusod
Pusog
Puhog
Neck
Fakhang
Bagang/Bocdew
Tengnged
Bulaw
Bagang/Tungod
Bagang
Leeg
Tungod
Bagang
Penis
Lusi/Uti
Buto/Daray/Laday
Buto
Usin
Utin
Laday
Titi/Utin
Otin
Butli
Bungagan/Ki-motan/
Rectum
Ofet/Kimot
Ubet
Purot/Bungog
Ubot
Obet
Puwit/Pwit
Vungog
Pulong
Guanas
Rump
Falonga
Uvetan/Dipad
Patong
Apel/Ubat
Lapa
Lipad
Pigi
Takob
Kiwikiw
Shoulder
Afonga
AvadalAbada
Abaga
Abaga
Abala
Padanga
Balikat
AvalalAbala
Pukol
Side
Sikikhan
Pieg/Kil-guis
Sikigan/Bakrang
Bikat
Butik
Bikes
Tagiliran
Vakalang/Balakang Taglang
Dungis/Song-song/
Snout/Muzzle
Ngulob
Sub-sub
Subsub/Bugong
Ungol
Sungsong
Nguso/Subsob
Sungo
Hubil/Hungil
Ngosib
Tail
Iko/Ipos
Ihol/ kul
Ipus
Iput
Ipos
Iko
Buntot
Ipos
Ikul
Bungag/Gatat/
Teat
Suso
Susu/Musing
Suso
Suso
Suso
Utong
Tingil
Huhu
Mungav
Butig/Ukel-ukel/
Testicle
Fitli/Fotfotlog
Lateg
Bungaw
Buto
Butlog
Bayag
Ladjay/Laday
Batbatu
Betdi/ Paltak
Vulva
Sipit/Lawit
Utin/Tintin
Oki
Uki
Uboy
Itel
Pekpek/Kiki/Puki
Uki
Kuwa
Pan-asekan/Payew/
Pappayaw/Umal
UmaiGaldin/Num-ai
Farm
Payew/Uma
Talon
Baang/Koman
Hinabalanl
Sakahan/Bukid
Makmak
Owangan
Ba~~g
Garden
Tinanoman
Ab-abong/Apal
Farm house
Afongan/Ab-afong
Abulan/Abolan
Kalapaw
Sigay
Sigay
Bahay sa bukid
Bawi
Abung
Kamarin
Farm manure
LumenQ
Avono/Abono
Takki ti animal
Kawel animal
Att(iY
Tai
._. .
Tae/dumi
-
Bugaso way attay
Ta-i
Fatten
Patafaen/Palamsen Patebaen
Pagpalukmeg
PalumaQQan
IpatabaiPatabaon
Patabaen/Palamsen Patabain
Patabkom
Patabaon
Feather
Chutchut
Shut-shut/Shot-shot Dutdut
Dudot
Dotdot
Dotdot
Balahibo
Djotdjot
Dutdut
Lusong/Lutong/
Feed trough
Atotong
Panganan
Pagpakanan
Atotong
BayukaiBalunglong
Pakainan/Patukaan
Atotong
Balunglong
Pagpakkanan
-
......
--- ---.--_.---_._----
Feeding
Menpakpakan
Pemekan/Pakanen
Panagpakan
Magpakkan
Pakanon
Manpakpakan
Nagpapakain
Mampakan
.- ..
Munpakan
Feeds (Commercial
Pamakkan/
Pakan/Kanon di
Pakan
Timol/May-pekkan
Pagpakan
Angol
Ange
Pakain
or Concocted)
Pagpakkan
Upok
pinang-an ya
mimogmoQan
.'-_..•--
Fence
Alad
Alad/Pasbol
Alad
Abot
Alad
Alad/Kasaw/Pade
Bakod
Alad
Alad
-_....-
- _ .. -
Ferment
Tapeyen
Bangdesin/Sinodad
Pabaf}glesen
MaQlassam
BassoQ9.Qn
Tapeyen
Pagbuburo
~li~gt~~li~.._
Pugtun
- --
Fermented
Fayas
Basi
Basi
Alwas/Suka basi
Bayas
Basi
Basi
Basi
Basi
8ulla!~ane
--_
~---,.-.
_.,._._-~
.. _----
.....
.
_.._--_.
Fire
Apey
Puol/Apoy
Apoy
Apoy
Apoy
Apoy
Apoy
Po-oVSagab/Apoy
Apuy
-
-----...__--
..
-----_..
---_ ..-._- -
. -
Fatad/Chatchata ay SimpaiPatad/
SingpalDekkan/
Flat
Patad
Tanap
Tanap
Patag
Napanad
Nundotal
luta
Shekdan
Patad
---".._--,-_.._..- 1-----
.
..-.----
~._-".-._._
Flea
TilanQ
Temel
Timel
Kuto atu
TilanQ
Timel/Tilang
PulgaslKuto
Atilang
Timol
Pinakan/Megmegan/
Flock
Grupon si talaken
Bunggoy
Arban
Labban
Taraken/Talaken
Langkay/Kawan
Pangon
Imug-mugan
Pastol
9

---

I
ENGUSH
Flood
Layos
Dayos
Layos
Dalanap
Layos/Litap
Layos
Baha
Layos
Datong/Nalbong
Pa shanomanl
Flood irrigation
Sebnang
Agpalayas
Dalanap agpadanum Ipadalanap si danum Sabang
Patubig baha
Manpadanum
Padanuman
SinbeQ
Flour
Alina
Arena
Arina
MinamaJArina
Tinampok
Arina
Arina
Allina
Alina
SabongiBungai
BulaklakiPrutas/
Flower/Fruit
Topkaw/Funga
Dames/Sabong
Sabong/Bunga
Sabong/ButaJBunga Sabong/Bunga
Sabong
Habung/Bunga
Lames
BunQa
FOQ
AnQep
Coh-dep
Angep
Gitub/Angap
Angop
Angep/Libu-o
Ulap
Angop
KulputIBugut
MakulpotiEngohdepl
Foggy
Naangep
Na-angep
Naangap
Anga-angoplAllilibuo Manlilibu-o
Maulap
Naangop
Bugubugut
Man-co-coh-dep
Food
Makan
Mekan/Makan
MakanlTaraon
Kakkanan/Makkan
Makan
Makan
Pagkain
TalaoniMakan
MakaniKanon
Taytay/Rangtayl
Footbridge
Langtay
Talaytayan
Sillayon
Langtay da tago
AtayaniLangtay
Tulay
AIIatoy
Pakdal
Pakshal
Forage rack
Panganan
BodegalAlang
Pagikkan ti garami
Agpakkanan
Papakkanan
Panpakanan
Sabsaban/Pakainan Kudal
Pinu-ul
Alas/Bel-ewl
GubatiKahuyani
InalahanlMuyong/
Forest
Pagpag
Bakir
Ginubat
Ginobat
KadaiKakak-kaiwan
TattaloniGinubat
Shontog/Kakiyewan
KaQubatan
PinuQu
Fruitfly
Kumaw
Anim-itiBalengngaw Ngilaw
Langaw prutas
Lingaw
Bangaw
Langaw
TalakitikiBalbalngaw Lango
Keyew/Ngepos/
PansunodlTinubaki
Fuelwood
PinasekiMisuno
Pangsungrod
DungsolAlitan
Kayo
Panggatong/Gatong Jinikot
Mitungu an kaiw
Kiyow
Ka-iw
Full moon
Fitfitaeg nan fuwan
Sedag/Buklanot
Kabos
Darudar
Dakol as solag
Nasbey bu-an
Kabilugan ng buwan Kavos
Immongal di bulan
MaibombaiSabidongl
Fungicide
Akhas
Agas ni bigis
Agas ti buot
Pamatay tutu
Dapol
Parabombal
Pamatay-amag
Agas
Pumpateh bu-ot
Para boot
Fungus
Fuot
Bo-ot
Buot
Tutu
Buot
Boot
AmaQ
Buot
Bo-otIBiyu
Furrow
GulitIWaked
Gulis/Kulit
Gulis
Gurit
Gulis
GulitIKusitIKugit
Farow
Gulit
Tulaing/Boyah
Garden
Foag/Oma
Garden/Pajew/Oma Pagmulaan
KadananiBaang
Mumula-an
Non-alOmaiGarden Hardin
Galjen
Puntanoman
Sitsaro/Gesantis/
Garden pea
Disantis
Sitsaro
Sitcharo
Chicharo
Sitsaro
Chicharo/tsitsaro
Sitsalo
Desantis
Switpis
Garlic
Fawang
Bawang
Bawang
Bawang
Bawang
Bawang
Bawang
Bawang
Amput
Germ
Lukit
Begis
Germ
Kagaw
Isaw
Bigis
Mikrobyo
Isaw
Germ
Tinmubo/Binumtiki
Pagsibol/Pagtubol
NabngVHumangol
Germinate
Fabgi/Fumki
BengisITimil/Simit
Panagrusing
Tumobu
Tumubo
Tummobo
Sinmungo/Sinmimit
PaQ-usbong
NalnQi
Ginger
Laya
AgatiLaya
Laya
Basang
Laya
LayaiAgat
Luya
Laya
Laya
Goat
Karching
Kalshing/Kanshing
Kalding
Kalding
Kalding
Kalding
Kambing
Kaldjing
Guiding
Buck
BuloQ
BuloQ
Toro
Ama kalding
Laki
Bumalo ay kaldinQ
BarakonQ kambing
Tolo/Kalamtangan
Bulog an guiding
Doe
Paina
Kabajan
Kabakyan
Ina kalding
Paina
Babai ay kalding
Inahing kambing
Kabaiyan
ObaylTin-na
Kid
Anak
Kilao
UbinQ a kalding
Ana kalding
Ubbo
Anak di kalding
Bisero
Ulbon kaldjinQ
Golang
Goose
Ganso
Ganso
Ganso
Ganso
Ganso
Ganso
Gansa
Ganso
Ganho
Gander
Barako
Ganso
Ganso a lalaki
Ganso
Laki
Barako
Lalaking gansa
Ganso
Kawitan ay ganho
Hen
Upa
UfalOpa
Ganso a babai
Gansa
Bai
Ubo-an
Inahing gansa
Ubuwan
UbuwaniUp-upa
Gooseling
Piyekllmpas
Kiyap/Kipkip/Kiyep
Piyek
Ana ganso
Issiw
Kiyap
Sisiw
Piyok
Im-impa
---
10

---

ENGLISH
BONTOC
IBALOI
ILOKO
ISNAG
KAUNGA
KANKANA-EY
TAGALOG
Paggrado/pagbukod/
Manusan/Punguwan/
Grade/Sort
Isinaillasin
Pili/Pispis
Paglalasinen
Sina-on
Pispisen/Pili-en/llasin Paghiwalay/
Piliyon
Top-ngon
Piliyan
Pagklase
Grain
Foker/Bagas
lIekiCosil
Bukel
Bukal
Bugas
Bukel/Butil
Butil
Bugas
Boga
Ba-eng/Apal
Granary
Allang/Akamang
Alang/Baleg
Kamarin
Alang/Sipi
Alang
Bangan/Bodega
Alang
Alang
Agamang
GrassIWeed
Lukham
EdetiDoh-bet
Ruot
Kaddat
Bollat
Lugam/Nabe-as
Damo
Loot
Holok
SuliwetiDodon/
Grasshopper
Chochon
Shoron/Dodon
Dudon
Kalingat
Balliit
Tipaklong
Djodjon
Ba-atong
Pakiyeng
Graze
Anglod
Ngeb-ngeb/Mengan Pagpasturan
Karab
Ikalis/Galob
Mangan/Man-alab
Manginain
Man-alab
Alab
Naliduman
Greenhouse
Grenhaws
Grenhaws
Grenhaws
Sigay
Grenhaws
Grenhaws
Linong di mula
Puntubugan
Ipagpatubuwan
Gumabay/Lumangto/
Grow
Tumufo/Mengngan
Ba-deg/Kabay/Simit Agtubo
Umabay/Dumakkal
Dumakol
Paglaki/Lumaki
Djomakkol
Umongal
Dumakdake
Kabjun/Gabjon/
Grub hoe
Khabyon
Gabion
Palu
Piko
Salapsap/Gabyon
Asarol/AsadaiPatik
Piko
Gabyon
Sarado
Guava
Kayyab
Bayabas
Bayabas
Bayawas/Bayabat
Bayabat
Bayabas/Gayabas
Bayabas
Gayyabas
Bebet
Dadal-Io/Dante/
Hail storm
Chalalo/Chullalo
Danti
Oraro
Ulalago/Uraro
Dulalo
Ulang yelo/Heyl
Dulallo
Dalallu
Lante
Baro wenno lakay
Mapan bulan/
Hating-buwan/
Nakayang/Gudum an
Half moon
Tinmekwa nan fuwan Kagashowen bulan
Gogwa solag
Nan-unat di bu-an
Guduan bulan
nga Bulan
Arinunus
Kalahating buwan
bulan
Harness
Sallong
EhetiEketilpako
Ipako
Lubid
Paguyudan
EketiPaguyod/Sango Singkaw
Man-awitan/Sangol
Panakul
Suyod/Sakhod/
Sagad/Arasho/
Suyod/Saloysoy/
Harrow
Pak-ol/Palpal
Buriski
Suyod
Suyod
Pailid
Kawal/Huyung
Sagad
Saloysoy
Arado
Man-apitiMan-ani/
Harvest
ApitiAni
AfitlApitlAni
Apit
ApitlAni/Gani
Ani/Apit
Ani
Apit
BotoklAni/Bok-ka
Manbeka
Panag-aani/
Tempon afitITempon
Panag-aapitl
Harvest season
Panag-aapit
Pinag-aapitiPinagani Iya-ani/lya-apit
Anihan/Tag-ani
Panag-ani
Ahi-ani/Ahitulu
Panag-aapit
ni apitiSi-anni
Panag-aani
MengafitiMemoras/
Agap-apitiMaggani/
Man-ap-apitl
MunbotokiMun-ani/
Harvesting
En-an-ani
Pan-apitiSi-apiti
Pinag-aapit
An-ani
Pag-aani
Man-ani
Aggahani
Man-an-ani
Munbok-ka
Memoshas/Man-anni
Hatch
Pikki
Pen-ikiPensaiPetki
Agpissa
Namsit
Umissiw
ManpesaiMapetkian Pisa
Ub-oban
Map-ah
Hay
Khumang/Chakami
Sabal
Garami
Arutang/Akaw
Ulot
Garami
Dayami
Gam-mi
Dagami
Hedge
Alad
Gilid/Kilig/Tenneng
Murdong
Padaw/Aray/Patu
Alad
Baneng
Halamang-bakod
Tambak
Pinu-ol/Natuggo
Agas kaddatl
MaibombaiSabidongl
Herbicide
Akhas
Savishong
Pagpatay ti ruot
Agas bullat
Herbicide
Pangposol ay loot
Pumpateh holok
Pamatay kaddat
Parabombas lugam
Herd
Grupon si talaken
Pinekkan
Pangen
Arban
Kalowalowang
Taraken/Talaken
Kawan
Pangon
Mun-uuwadi
Mungabul/Tag-udan/
Hill-up
Mengabur
Sarado/Serado
Ringkunen
Limbang
Kalun/Kalunan
Sarado/Serado
Pagtabon
Gabulam
Muntodag
In-nalong/Alakshang/
Hillside
Chuntog
Bakras
Baging bumabbantay Beleg/Baklas
Bilig/Kabilbiligan
Libis ng burol
Sag-on gan bilig
Maduntog
Bantileg
Pabayadan/
Hired labor
Porchiya
Medagbo-an/Pordiya Matangtangdanan
Manglu
Oblantes/Pordiya
Arawan
Manangdjan
Naboklaan
Patangdan
11

---

I
KANKANA..EY
TAGALOG
Horse
Kafayo
Kavajo/Kabadjo
Kabalyo
Kabalyo
Kabayo
Kabayo
Kabayo
Kabayo
Kabayu
Colt
Kafayo
Kavajo/Kabadjo
Bomaro
Bumam nga kabalyo Amabbago
Kabayo
Bisiro
Ulbon
Kabayu
Batang kabayong
Filly
Bumalasang
Kavajo/Kabadjo
Bumalasang
Bumalasang kabalyo Amabbalasang
Bumalasang
Kabaayan
Kabayu
babae
Batang kabayong
Foal
Fab-alo
Kilaw
Ubing a kabalyo
Urbon kabalyo
Abeng Kabayo
Kilaw/Bumalo
Ulbon ay kabayo
Kabayun golang
lalaki/Bisiro
Mare
Kamfakyan
Kabajan
Babai nga kabalyo
Bakat nga kabalyo
Paina un kabayo
Kabay-yan
Inahing kabayo
Kabaiyan
Babain kabayu
Stallion
Bulog
Bumalo
Lalaki
Bula nga kabalyo
Paama un kabayo
Bul-Ia
Kabayong bulugan
Kalantangan
Kabayun bulog
Siling maanghang/
Hot pepper
Sili
Sili
Sili
Turang/Gappo
Sili
Sili
Vongaw
Paktiw
Labuyo
Napudot nga
Atong ay timpo/
Naprang/
Man-atong/
Maalinsangan/
Potta-pottang/
Hot weather
Petang/Empetang
panaweniNabarai
Man atong
Kamaga
Chackon
Napasungat
Manpet-ang
Tag-initITag-araw
Maatung
NadaQa-anQ
Housefly
Laleg
Apangatllmoc
Ngilaw/Dingraw
Langaw/Banggaw
Lingaw
Lal-la-eQ
LanQaw
Ngilaw/LinQaw
Lalog
Immune
Inmingsa
Imtun/Naing-sa
Nairuam
Mapenam
Um-minam/Umingsa NaingsaiNairowam
Di tinatablan
Um-minam
ImminQha
Insect
Fikis
Begis/lnsekto
Insekto
AriwaQwaQ
Insekto
BiQis
Insekto/Kulisap
Insekto
Insekto
MaibombaiSabidongJ
Pangposolay
Insecticide
Akhas/Safichong
Saveshong
Pagpatay ti insekto
Panglattong
Sabidong
Pamatay-kulisap
Kodot
Parabombas bigis
insekto
Padanuman/
Irrigated
Layew
E-shanoman
Mapasayakan
Napadanuman
Layew/Masibugan
Pinatubigan
Napadanuman
Nadanuman
Nadanuman
Irrigation
Payas/Alak
Shanoman/Kulokol
Pagpasayak
Padanum
Alak
Bagan
Patubig
Paayas
Alak
Ka-achalem nan
ShalernlDebing ni
Water depth
Kauneg ti danum
Kaadallam
Kaadalom
Kaada-Iem
Lalim ng tubig
Kot-tong
Kadalom
chanum
shanum
Tuloy-tuloy/
Continuous
Maid pengpeng na
Tuloy-tuloy
Agnanayon
Peyapeyang
Antot-tottod
Tuloy-tuloy
Mantodtod
Mun-nanamong
Mantetetned
Flooding
Posngen
Sinbeg
Palayas
Lannap
Ipadalanap
Mangabang/llibeng
Pagbabaha
Pasuyakam
Nalbong/Labngon
Rainfed
Pak-ang
Talon/Bangkag
Bangkag
Mod-odanan
Udanan
Bangkag
Sahod-ulan
Maudanan
Maudanan
Drought
Tuchok
Kegang/Tiakew
Tikag
Tikag
Angag
Kalgaw
TagtuyotITagbisi
Kamaga
Dopal
Jackfruit
Langka
Dangka
Langka
Anangka
Lamka
Langka
Langka
Langka
Langka
FangaiFurnay/Gusi/
Jar
Salaw
Burnay
Gusgusi
Iddanuman
Kuli/Gambong
Tapayan/Gusi/Banga Djanuman
Buhi/Dunug/Angang
Tuunan
Java Plum
Lomboy
Domboy
Lungboy
Lumboy
Longboy
Lumboy
DuhatlLumboy
Lomboy
Lomboy
Knife
Khipan
Ta-ed/Dansita
Kutsilyo/Kampit
Iku
Gipan
Gipan
Kutsilyo
Gipan/Uho
UwalHinalong
Pampasuso/
Ampagatas/
Pagpapasuso/
Lactation
Enpasoso
Panagpasuso
Maggatta
Manpasoso
Manpaspasuso
Punpahuhu
Amansoso
Ampasuso
PaQPapadede
Ladder
Teytey
AgshanlTe-te
Agdan
Agdan
Aldan
AgdanlTeytey
Hagdan
Aldjan
Tete/Pakdal
Lake
Posong
Binejayeng/Debbeng Libtong
Pispisung
Lobong
Lebeng
Lawa
Posong
Lubong/Puhong
Land
LutaiDagaiLuti
Bu-Day/Shaga
Daga
DagaiLusa
PitaiLuta
DagaiLote/Saadan
Lupa
Solal
Luta
May-Iupal
Land owner
AkinlutalAkinkua
Mahin bu-day to
Akin daga
Makinlusa
Kampayaw/Singkua Akin dagalAkin uka
Singkua simakmak
Udluta
May-ari nQ lupa
Landless
Mid luta na
Enshi bu-day to
Awan daga na
Awan lusa
Ippon payaw na
Magay daga na
Walang lupa
Naid makmak na
Maid luta na
-~~-
12

---

_ _
EN_G_L_IS_H
B_ON_T_O_C
IB_A_LO_I_......l-__
IL_O_KO
__--,--__
IS_N_AG
KA_L_IN_G_A_I KANKANA·EY I
TAGALOG
T1NGGUIAN
TUWALI
Larva
Bigis
Begis
Bigis
Kinkinit tadang
Ogos
Bigis
Tilas
Oyos
Bigi
Man-ikdog/
Mangitlog/
Lay
Umit-itlog
Panag-itlog
Magl-ilog
Umitlog
Man-itlog
Umitlog/Mangiplug
Mun-itlog
Mengikdog
Nangingitlog
Leaf
Fulong
Bulong
Bulong,
Ad-adon
Tubo
Bulong
Dahon
Tubo
Tubu
Leaf curl
Kulot
Kulot
Kulot
Naakinkinit
Kulikog
Kulot
Kulot
Kolittokot
Nakulot on tubu
Leaf spot
Latek
Baltek/Datek
Latik
Balbaldong adon
Batok di tubo
Latek
Nabatikanq dahon
Ditubo
Latik di tubu
Leafminer
Ngilaw
Ngilaw
Ngilaw
Batungol naya adon Lingaw di tubo
Nqilaw/Lifmayner
Leafminer
Killapog
Lifmayner
Leech
Matek
Alinta/Bileg/Matek
Alimatek
AlimatalAlimanawan Alinta
Alinta/Matek
Linta/Limatik
Matak/Matok
Matok
Leek
Danggo
Dasuna/Shangkho
Bulong sibuyas
Lasona
Danggo
Sibuyas/Danggo
Kutsai
Sibuyas
Tubun di danggo
Sahajap/Perres/
Lemon
Chalayap
Dalayap
Kahel
Dalayap
Dalayap
Lemon/Dayap/Kahel Djalayap
Lemon
Lemon/Pusposok
Lice
Kuto
Kuto
Kuto
Kuto/Kiyat
Kuto
Kuto/Tuma
Kuto/Lisa
Koto
Kuto
Light
Silaw/Paway
Selew/Silew/Maniyal Silaw/Lawag
Lawag/Wada
Silaw
Silaw/Silew
Liwanag/llaw
Lampala
Hilaw/Dilag
Lightning
Koliyapyap/Kimat
KimaVBagidat
Kimat
KilaVKimat
Kilat
Kimat
KidlaVLintik
Kilat
Mapot-al/Kilat
Lima bean
Patani
Atab/Patani/Etab
Patani
Tangingi
KalbaVltab
Kuppite/ltab
Patani
Patani
Atabi
Liming
Apogan
Mengaplay ni lime
Panagusar ti apog
Ap-apugan
Iyapol/Apolan
Layming
Pag-aapoq
Apolan
Apulan
Magipaga/
Ikarga/Men-ikarga/
Man-ikarga/
Load
Mankalka/Kalka
Panagkarga/Karga
Magilugan/
Bubokkodan/lbukod
Pagkarga/Karga
Kal-gaan
Punuwon
Karga
Man-iluglugan
Magisagpat
Pagbatayan nga
Platapormang
Loading platform
Plataporma
Panshagpatan
Batay pagsagpatan
Bubokkodan
Pansagpatan
AIIatoy
Punpat-tukan
agkarga
kargahan
Dudun/Slbuwaw/
Belbelting/
Locust
Chochon
Dudon
Siyab/Sisibaw/
Dodon
SoliweVDodon
Balang
Djodjon/Dudun
Dudun
Beddaddeng
Pilagay pingpingku
Batang/Talaksan/
Log
Langes/Linnanges
Tabda/Toroso/Kiyew Troso
Taruso/Pungka
Batang
Troso
Talikayu
Nalngo an kaiw
Minunqo/Troso
Looper
Fikis
Begis
Dangan-dangan
Dangan-dangan
Batol
Dangan-dangan
Uod
Mallukuto ogos
Da-angan
Nalugi/Maatiw/
Loss (economic)
Lukhi/Nalukhi
Lugi/Abak
Lugi
Naawanan/Nalugi
Naabakan
Lugi
Nalugi/Nabanglap
Nalugi
Namaga
Manure
Tai/Lumeng
Tae/Kitel
Takki ti animal
Kawel
Altay
Tai
Tai/Dumi/lpot
Bugaso
Tai/LugiVGali-ing
DahuaniDakuan/
Pamilihan/Palengke/
Market
MarkeVTinchaan
Paglakuan
Paglalakuwan
Malket
Panlako-an/Markit
Tindjaan
Malket
Tinsha-an
Merkado/Talipapa
Mate
Manacha
Penakal/Penekep
Panagpamanada
Magdakay
Asawaon/Manada
Mandakep
Pagkasta
Pachakupam
Mamaya-an
Nakulnitan/Nagangu/
Nat-ungan/Ma-ilog/
Mature
Naeteng/Nengngan
Natengan/Eta-engan Natangkenan
Natangkinan/
Nautong
Naket-eng
Magulang
Nautong
Nahikon
Nakulnit
Patpatok/Bukbuki/
Meat
KamelWatwat
Afag/Apag/Buki/Buke Kame
Kame
Sida
Kame
Kaine
Dotag
Ap-apag
Beef
Kamin si faka
Afag ni baha
Kame ti baka
Tabbit baka
Kaine di baka
Kaine di baka
Kameng baka
Kalnin baka
Dotag di baka
Carabeef
Kamin si nuwang
Afag ni nuang
Kame ti nuang
Tabbit nuwang
Kaine di luwang
Kaine di nuwang
Kameng kalabaw
Kalnin luwang
Dotag di nuwang
13

---

ENGLISH
BONToe
IBAlOI
IlOKO
ISNAG
KALiNGA
I KANKANA·EY I TAGALOG
TlNGGU1AN
TUWALI
Chevon
Karnin si karching
Afag ni kalshing
Karne ti kalding
Tabbit kalding
Kaine ni kalding
Kaine di kalding
Karneng kambing
Kalnin kaldjing
Dotag di guiding
Mutton
Karnin si karnero
Afag ni karnero
Karne ti karnero
Tabbit karnero
Kaine ni karnero
Kaine di makawas
Karneng tupa
Kalnin kalnilo
Dotag di kalnelo
Pork
Karnin si fotog
Afag ni bavoy
Karne ti baboy
Tabbit aboy
Kaine di bulok
Kaine di busa-ang
Karneng baboy
Kalnin bulok
Dotag di babuy
Melon
Melon
SanjalMelon
Morad
TupaJSupa
Udal
Sanja
Milon
Molod
Melon
Siwasiwakl
Meteorite
Follayaw/Folalayaw Buladakew
Bolalakaw
Bulalakaw
Bulalakaw
Bolalakaw
Bulalakaw
Bulalakaw
Bulalakaw
Milk
Khatas
Katas
Gatas
Gatta
Gatas
Gatas
Gatas
Gatas
Gattak
Tungaw/Ulmogl
Mite
Kakew
KagewlAmpas
Anay/Mites
Ampas/Kagaw
Tungaw
Tungaw
Anoy/Ampas
Kago
AninQapnQap
Mold
Fu-ot
Bo-ot
Buot
Taramitim/Buot
Buot
Bo-ut
Amag
BooVAmag
Bu-ut
Moldy
Nafuotan
BuotanlAbu-otan
Nabuot
Nabuot
Ambubuot
Nanbo-ut
Maamag
NabooVNabuutan
Nabu-utan
Mongo
Mongkho
Balatong/Mongo
Balatong
Balatong
Balatong
Monggo
Balatong
Balatong
Balatong
Pabugso-bugsong
Mahapukl
Monsoon rain
Uchan
PuweklOran
Nepnep
Annag
Oltot
Panag-uudan/Pewek
Bali
paQ-ulan
Umuda-udan
Month
Fuwan
Bulan
Bulan
Bulanan
Binulan/Bulan
Bu-anlBuwan
Buwan
Bulan
Bulan
Moon
Fuwan
Bulan
Bulan
Bulan
Bulan/Solag
Buwan/Bu-an
Buwan/Bwan
Bulan
Bulan
Morning
Wiit
Agsapa
AgsapalBigat
AI-alawalPagmakat
Bigbigat
AgsapalNapat-a
Umaga
Bigbigat
Biggat-nalMawi-it
Mortar
Losong
Bajuan
Alsong
Bayuwan
Lusong
Lusongan
Lusong
Alsong
Luhung
Mosaic
Latik
Batik
Mosaic
Mosaic
Labbalabbang/Batok Nalatek
Mosaic
Balok
Latik
LamalAgukopl
Lamokl
Mosquito
Kumaw/Lamok
DamokilmokITopkan Lamok
1I0kiLamok
Lamok
Lamok
Toma
Gubang
Waswassavan
Laboy/Labey/LumoV
Moss
Fakhiw/Lumot
Bagiw/Daboy
Lumot
Lumut
Bagiw
Lumot
LumoVBagiw
Lumuy/Bagiw
BaQiw
TambakiBuntonl
Mound
Funton
Bunton/PutnoylT0-01 Bunton
Laton
Bunton
Bunton
Bunton
Inado/Pingkol
Punso
Kashontoganl
Bulubundukinl
Mountainous
Fanfantay/Filfilig
Banbantay
Bambantay
Bebeleg
Dontog
Kabilbiligan
Maduntug
Shonshontog
Mabundok
Mud
PitakiPitek
Petoy/Pitek
Pitak
PitaJLupang/Lubna
Piyok
Pitek
Putik
LuttakiPuyak
Pitok
Panangngalep-ep ti
MulchinglAp-apl
Mulch
Men ap-ap si Iota
puon ti mula iti
Ap-apan
Ap-apan
Ap-aplAp-apan
Mulch
AplagarnlGabolan
Inadu
Napnap
bulbulonQ
Mushroom
Kum-o
Oong/Bagel
Oong
Uong
Uong
U-ong/Bage
Kabuti
Oong
Bulung
Kakhafanl
Kalaballkdoganl
Nest
Umok
Subut
Sukbot
Ubong
Pugad
Kulong/Suk-bot
Buya
FanQitloQan
ObonQ
Ganansiyal
Net farm income
Ganar/Galansia
KanansyalNeto
Ganansia
Ganansia
Maganansiya
Kita
Ganansia
Ganal
Galansiya
Djamon bulan
New moon
Limeng
PangeVNingel
Linned
Lasiad bulan
Saal
Panget
Bagong buwan
Bulan
lumtaw
Davi/Kalebiyanl
Nighttime
Malafi/Lafi/Maschem
Rabii
Gabiyin
Labi
Nalabi
Gabi
Labi/Lumabi
Hilong
Edabi
--
. "_.-_.- ~ -----_._----~-~----
14

---

ENGLISH
BONToe
IBALOI
IlOKO
ISNAG
KALiNGA
I. KANKANA·EY .1
TAGALOG
TINGGUIAN
TUWALI
Node
Onget
Bukow/Buko
Buko
Buko
Buko
Onget
Buko
Buko
Buku
Pansemilyaan/
Pagpatubuan ti
Nursery
Semilyaan
Pagipatubuwan
Nasary/Bunubunan
Similyaan
Similyahan/Nursery
Masetasan
Similyaan
Bonobonan
bunobon
Onion bulb
Lasuna
Sibujas/Sibuyas
Sibuyas
Bungaw lasona
LasunalSibuyas
Sibuyas
Sibuyas
Lasona
Sibuyas
Orange
Lolokisen/Gayunan
OrangefTamboyog
Dalanghita
Uttay/Kahel
Allagan/Gayonan
Orens
Dalandan/Dalanghita Gimma
Gugul-Iu
Edabas ja duwem/
Over-ripe
Nakging/Niyuniyok
Nalabes ti luom
NalungtotlNarupsa
Nalpos
Naom ay pasya
Sobrang hinog
Nalpos
Nakal-kal-um
Edais
Pail
SakchoanfTimfa
Timba
Timba
Timba
Timba
TimbalBalde
TimbalBalde
Timba
Timba
Partnership
Sosyo
KaitlKasosyo
Kasosio
Kabulig/Kaseng
Kabulig/Kagwa
Kasosyo
Sosyuhan
Mansakup/Kasakup Munkadwa
Pasture
Pastor
Pasto
Pastor
Pasto
Kakallisan
Pastol
Pastul
Anag/Pasto
Pahtul
Pastol/Pastulan/
Pagpastuan/
Punpastulan/
Pasture land
Pastoran/Punchag
Pagpastoran
Kakallisan
Pastulan/Paalaban
Pagpapastulan
Pastoan/Aalaban
Budusan
PaQPaaraban
PanQanan
Pathway
Chalan
Shalan
DanalDalan
Daddalenan/Dalan
Dalan/Ma-oy
Danan
Daraanan/Landas
Djalan
Dalan
Pay
Fayadan
Bayad/Bayshan
Agbayad
Bayad/Subad/Sukat Bayad
Bayadan
Bayad
Bayad
Bayadan
Payment
Fayad
Bayshan/Bayad
Bayad
Pagbayad
Bayad na
Bayad
Kabayaran
Bayadan
Bayad
Pepper (bell/green)
Sili
Sili/Kamaw
Taban
Gappa
Sili
Sili
Sili/Lara
Sili
Sili
Pest
Pisti
Pesti
Peste
Ananakan
Peste
Peste/Sakit
Peste/Salot
Pisti
Peste
Pesticide
Akhas
Saveshong
Pagpatay ti peste
Pamatay ananakan
KodotlSabidong
Sabidong
Pamatay-peste
Pistisido
Pumpateh peste
Pestle
Ar-o
AI-o/Dahdo/Dado
AI-o
Allo
AI-o
AI-o
Halo/Pambayo
AI-o
AI-uh
Pick
Piko
Piko
Piko
Piko
Matok/Piko
Piko
Piko/AsadalAsarol
Piko
Piko
Kudungan ni bavoy/ Kulungan ti baboy/
Buho-aboy/Duhong
Pukukan/da bolok/
Kulungan ng baboy/ Kilong bulok/
Gungu/Pukungan di
Pig pen
Khongo/Khongowan
Kulungan di bisa-ang
Kebkeb
Ubong
Pagpukuan aboy
Pakod
Ulbo
Pukokan bulok
baboy
Babuyan/
Piggery
Kafutugan
Babuyan/Kebkeb
Pagtareknan ti baboy Pagabuyan
Bobollokan
Babuyan
Babuyan
Mantalkonan bulok
Pukungan
Buntigue/Bontike/
Pine cone
Follifog
Sabong ti Saleng
Bis! bidofTalang
Bunga salong
Buttige
Pine cone
Bungan salong
Bungan di bolbol
Botdege
Pineapple
Pinya
Pangshan/Pinya
Pinya
Pinya
Pinya
Pinya
PirialPinya
Pangdjan
Gakad
En-esek/Enmulal
MagmulalMagtugno/
Man-mulalMan-esek/ Pagtatanim/
Muntanom/
Planting
Man-esek/Panmoda Panagmula
Mammula
Manmula
Mentanem
Magiruda
Mantunod
Nagtatanim
Muntan-tan-nom
Panmasetasan/
Plot
KamalFaliling
Kama
Aray/Kama
Pinabantay
PlotlUmong
Kama
Kama
Binal-lakhalNailed
Panmulaan
Plow/Plough
Alacho
Arasho
Arado
Arado
Alado
Arado/Alado
Araro
Aladjo
Alado
Ducban/Dobban/
Pomelo
Lubfan
Sua
Dummon/Lumban
Lubban
Lubban/Lukban
SuhalLukban
Gimma
Tabuyog/Lubban
Kalebew
MaralitalMahirap/
Poor
Kochu/Pusi
Beteg/E-beteg
Napanglaw
Pubri
Kapos
Nabiteg/Pobre/Kudo
Panglaw
Nawotwot
DukhalPobre
Pagtareknan ti
Panmanukan/
Manukan/Bahay ng
Kagungkung di
Poultry house
Kamanokan
Manokan/Kagaban
Kurong anu
Kagaban
Kagaban/Buki
manok
KaQaban
manok
manok
I Pregnant Maliton Malukon/Eduhon Panagsikog Magbusit Mabugui Masikog Buntis Nabugi Butyug
15

---

ENGLISH
BONToe
IBALOI
ILOKO
ISNAG
KALiNGA
I KANKANA·EY I TAGALOG
TINGGUIAN
TUWAU
PreseNe
Preserba
Kuday/Maytido
Panangpreserba
Pangareserba
Igappotllyamma
Iki-ing/ldulin
Pagpepreserba
Iyamma
Itapa
Price
Falor
Presyo/banol
Presyo
Presio/Gatad
Balor/Gatad
Presyo/Gatad
HalagalPresyo
Plisyo
Balol
Para bo-day/
Mamulmulal
Pabrikante/
Producer
Menmul-mula
Agparpartuat
Maragkuwa
Gardenero
Manmulmula
Muntantanom
ParamulalGardenero
Mantangtangkon
Tagagawa
Product
Lakho
Daho/Dako/Produkto ApitiKita
Tagilako/Napartuat
MulaITangkon
Apit
Produkto
Polodjokto/Mailaho
Lako
Kanansysal
InapitiNaganansial
Ganansiyal
Ganansiyal
Tubo/Pakinabang/
Profit
Ganar/Galansya
Ganansia
Ganansia
GananhiyalGanal
Ganansya
Naganab
Galansiya
Galansiya
Kita
Kesay/Mengsay/
Panagputed iti
MagtadawlTadawan/
Pruning
Siplingan/Entodtod
DasdaITengshal/
Tadawan/Mantadaw Tadawan
Pagbawas
TadjawanlTiliman
Muntungil
nagango nga sanga Magsipprud
Potolan
Rain
Uchan
Uran/Oran
Tudo
Udan
Udan
Udan
Ulan
Udan
Udan
Fungakhan/
Rainbow
Bongdol
Bullalayaw
Bunglon
Abungal
AbungalBadkong
Bahaghari/Renbo
Tibbongalon
Atibungalon
Atimbungaen
Rainfall
Uchan
Shekes/Oran
Agtudo
Magudan
Iyudan/lyu-udan
Udan
Ulan
Man-ud-udan
Udan
Rainwater
Uchan
Oran
Tudo
Danum udan
Udan
Udan
Tubig-ulan
Danum udan
Udan
Kesep/Panag-uudan/ Panag-uuran/
Pinaguudan/
Kabasal
Rainy season
Panagtutudo
Aggudan
Panag-uudan/De-am Tag-ulan
Panag-uudan
Chinamey
Sebedao/Si-oran
Pinagaannag
Maudo dol-am
Rake
Kala-id
Kalaykay
Karaykay
Karaykay
Kaykay
Kalaykay
Kalaykay
Kalaykay
Kaw-i
Rat
Otot
UtotiBao
Bao/Utot
Ulag/ButitiBussag
Utot
Otot
Daga
Otot
Gelew
Degwey/Eguey/
Rattan
Uwey
away
Uway battat
Iwoy
Uway
Ratan/Lantok
Owoy
Uwe/Littuku
Owey
Alakshang/Pung-as/
Ravine
Cheppas
Der-raas
Pirong
Top-ang
Deppas
Bangin
Duplas
Punga
Shipdas
KaritiKalawiti
Reaper
Lakem
Dakkem/Shakem
Rakem
Reaper
Lakkom
Rakem
Lakom
Gamulang
Panggapas
TirahanlTahanan/
Residential house
Afong
Baley
Balay
Balay pagyanan
Boloy
Be-ey
Buloy
Bale
Bahay
Ubaas/Nabay-an/
Residue
Nakhayad
Abay-an/Subda
Arinsaed
Purag/Purad/Puyot
Nabun-an
Latak/Sapal
Alinuknuk
Dilu
Saleksek
Retail
Menucho
Retail
Tingi tingi
Tagiitte nga lako
Minudo
lIako/lretil
Tingi
Manpaminocho
Inginallhubli
Begas/Beggas/
1ice
Nakiskis/Nailik
Nakiskis
Baggat inirid
Binayo
Nakiskis ay' begas
Bigas
Binayo
Nakiskis
Bek-kas
Uncooked rice
Fakhas/Binayo
Begas/Beggas/Bikas Nakusel
Baggat
Maata isnalBogas
Begas
Bigas
Binayo
Boga
Newly cooked
Inepuy/Kay-okan/
Inapoy
Kalloto
Apaggapuy
KaiyisnalKaut-uto
Innapoy/Kaut-uto
Sinaing
Kapan uto ay asog
Hinamal
rice
Badon-doto
Left over
Nabagnat inapuy/
KinabfanlTecha
Kilabban/Kelabban
Kilabban
Tugda
Kilaban
Bahaw/kanin-Iamig
Asog ay baaw
Na-agge/Pa-og
cooked rice
Nabaw
Rise
Fumlad
Debag/Malbag
Nabillad
Lumbad
Bumtal
Malbag
Alsa
Bumlad ay asog
Malbag
Dukneng/Enjep-es/
Manyom-os/
Soft
Enyam-es
Nalukneng
Nangalug/Narupsa
Mankumpetay
MalambotiLugaw
Nayam-os/Nalum-oy Mayam-o
Anshep-es
Nalum-oy
Tangken/Makinteg/
Mangkot-ong/
Hard
Ak-akenteg
Natangken
Nakulnit
Nakintal/Makneg
Matigas
Nakudsol ay asog
Makulhi
Makintal
Mambolang
16

---

__E_NG_L_IS_H_~_B_ON_T_O_C_-,---_IB_A_L_OI_-----.L.-_~IL~O_K_O_--,--
__
IS_N_AG
KA_L_IN_G_A_I KANKANA-EY I
TAGALOG
TINGGUIAN
TUWALI
Improperly
Natannung/
Natafe
Batil/E-batil/Abatil
Nakusel
Nabirad
Napita/Nakotta
Nabatil
Hilaw
Naupit
cooked rice
NaboQQa
Ricefield
Layew
Talon/Payew
Mapadanuman
Taltal unan/Payaw
Payaw
Payew/Layew
TubiQanQ palayan
Masawallian
Payo/Nalbongan
Maya/Mayang pula
Rice bird
Tilin/Chekchek
Beshing
Billit tuleng
Ballit
Tilin
Beding/Buding
Tilin
Buding
I (Maya sa palay)
Rice bran
Tuyo
Toyo/Babang/Shiki
Tuyo
Tuyu
Dugi
Digi
Darak/lpa
Djogil Dugi
Upok
Rice bUQ
DanQaw
Dangaw
Dangaw
Dangaw
Dangaw
Dangaw
Atangya
DanQaw
Bit-tah-ayunq
Kiskisan/Gilingan/
Punbayuwan/
Rice mill
Kiskisan/llikan
Kiskisan
Kiskisan
Gulingan/Kiskisan
Kiskisan
Gilingan/Kiskisan
Panbaywan
Ammay/BaQQat
Kiskisan
Rice straw
Chakami
Garami/Sabal
Garami
Arutang/Akaw
Dagami
GaramilAlutang
Dayami ng palay
Gammi
Dagami
Rice varieties
Klase
Kilase
Nadumaduma
Ganan
Klase
Klasin di baClas
Klase ng palay
Nadumaduma on ila Klase
Maraming anil
High yielding
Mabsil
Mabunga
Adu nga maapit
Nabun/Nabisi
Mambugas
Mabsil
Nabgas
Nabugah
Mataas na ani
Datihan/Naytaron/
Kasigudan/
Traditional
Kachawyan/Ginolot
Kadawyan
Nepagagangay
Kasigudan
Sinaunang binhi
Kainsigudan
Hanon dati
Sigod/Native
Kadaanan
- -
Pangkalakall
Commercial
Para lako/Komersiyal Tinongkal
Pangkomersio
Kamursio
Binaliwon/Komersal Komersiyal
Palalako
Komersiyal
Komersiyal
Glutinous
DiketiChayaket
ShiketiShayakot
Diket
Nadekat
Dekot
DiketiMalagkit
Malagkit
Salikot
Dayakkot
Bangdo/Mansingew/
Aromatic
Saliket
Nabanglo
Nabangog
Ambango
Manseng-ew
Mabango/Aromatik
Nabanglo
Mahang-o
Mambangdo
Alak bigas/
Rice wine
Tapey
Tapey
Binubudan
Tapuy
Tapoy
Tapey
Alak binobodjan
Baya
Binong-bigas
Nabaknang/
Kachangyan/
Mayaman/Makwalta/
Rich
Baknang
Nabaknang
Nabanang
Baknang/Pangat
Sassa-ew/
Baknang
Kadangyan
Faknang
Masalapi
._ Kadangyan
-----" ..
Rind
Kolapot
Okis/Kiskis
Okis
Ukis/Bula
KolapotlUkis
Ukis
PinakabalatiBalat
Ukis/Upik
Ukih
- - - - -
. -
Riprap
Tuping/Kabiti
Kaveti/Kabite
Kabite
Kubiti
Tuping/Kabiti
Kabite/Batog
Kabiti
Tuping
Tuping
_.
Ripe
Nar-om/Niyok
Eduwem/Adowem
Naluom
Nalutu
Nal-om
Naom
Hinog
Nal-om
Nal-um
._--
- - - _... - -
-
..-
Naom/Naket-eng/
Ripening
Mar-om
Panpaduem
Agpaloom
Sidagan/Nabgatan
Mal-om
Paghinog
Mal-om
Munkal-um
Malungtot
.---
Daw-wang/
River
Wanga
Padok/Pahdok
Karayan
Wangag
Ginawang
1I0g
Wangwang
Wang-wang
WanJl~,!ng
-
. . . .
Daan/Kalye/
Road
Karsa
Kalsara
Kalsada
Kalsada
Kalsa
Kalsada
Kalsadja
Kalata
Lansangan
Rock
Fato
Bato
Bato
Pinat
Balintoogan
Balo
8alo
Pinpinas;m
Batu
Root
Lamot
Damot
Ramut
Gamot
Lamot
Lamul
Ugal
Lamol
Lamut
Row
Linya
Aray/Linya
Gulis
GuritiLinia
Linlinya
Linya
Hanay
Nanbibinnalog
Linya
Bongul/SimitlPingi/
Runner/Sprout
Pingi/Salingit
Anak/Saludol/Peki
Saringit
Asi/Daludal/Aruy
Siya/Abeng
Supang
An-anak/Akayag
PingilHalepeng
Saringit
~-----,.-
Rust
Lati
Dati
Lati
Kirang
Lati
Lati
Kalawang
Lati
Lati
_•... _-
--- •..
---'-"-~-
Sack
Sako
Saho/Sako
Sako
SupotiSako/Kados
UpitiSako
Sako
Sako/Lona
Kostal
Saku
- ---._-_._----
--
Sand
Lakhan/Ufod
SharatiBisii
Darat
Ginat
Gallis/Lagan
DaratiLagan
Buhangin
Lagan
Pan-ag/Lona
17

---

ENGLISH
BONToe
Galgallis/
Sandy
Laglakhan
Enaratllmisil
Panaraten
Naginat
Lanas
Mabuhangin
Nalaokan si lagan
Mapan-ag/Malona
Nalaglaganan
TututlShanum/Netal
Sap
Leta
Tutot
Tutut
LotaITotot
Ngeta
Dagta
SitoklPahat
Lota
Detta
Nandagashean/
Nagragadian ti kayo/
Kinan di
Sawdust
Sodas/Kusot
Tapu nagragadian
Nanlagadiyan
Kusot
Momo
KusutlLinagade
Nandagashi-an
Kusot
laQadi/Sodas
Scab
Kab-Kab/Kudkud
Gashil/Gadgad
Kursing/Scab
Kabkab/Magslsl
Kabkab
Kab-kab
Galis
Kabkab
Kabkab
Scythe
Kumpay
Kumpay/Khari
Kumpay
Kumpay
Kumpay
Kumpay
Kumpay
Kumpay
Kompay
Seed
Foker/Fua
Butil
Bukel/Bin-i
Bukal/Bin-i
Bukol/Bin-i
Semilya
Buto/Binhi/Similya
Bukol
Buwa
Pan semiljaan/
Pagbukibuhan/
Pepennalan/
Padogan/
Seedbed
Padchokan
Pagbunobonan
Punlaan
Pinatan
Punhopnakon
Bunobunan
Pagsibuan
Bubunnubunan
Pansimilya-an
Magimumo/
Panbunubon/
Man-semilyal
Seeding
Enfunufun
Pinagbunobon
Magtugno/
Iyosokllmula
PagpunlalPagtanim Dilitso ay mula
Itanornllhopna
Esek ni butil
Man-bunubon
Magibukibo
HinopnaklBin-i/
Seedling
EseklPachog
SemiljalBonobon
Bunobon
Bukibo/Bunubon
Bunobon/Penal
Similya
PunlalSimilya
Bonobon/Masetas
Mitanom
Sell
lIakho
Daho/Dako
Aglako
lIako
lIako
lIako
Magbili/Magtinda
Manlako
Inginallhubli
Mengedako/
Munhubli/
Seller
Men ilaklako
Aglaklako
Maraglako
Allalako
Para lako
TinderaITindero
Manlaklako
Para dako
Munngina
Manbi-nulod/
BigayanlBahaginan/
Tinnulong/Bingay/
MangisatlMangipatl Mangitod/
Share
Tinudong/Pabibingay Panangibingay
Mantinulong/
Nagbibigayan/
Mangtod/Palunan
Id-datan/Ubbu
Finnachang
Maginggab
Mangmangtod
ManbinnadanQ
Naghahatian
Asaan/Simlitan/
Sharpening stone
Uvulan/Obodan
Asaan
Anetan/Amaridan
Asaan
Palidan/Asa-an
Lagisang bato
IlIidjan
Ha-itan
Palichan
Sheep
Karnero
Karnero/Kalnelo
Karnero
Karnero
Karnero
Karnero
TupalKarnero
Kalnilo
Kalnelo
UgotlUtdo/Otdo/
Supang/Talbosl
Shoot
Otchek
UggotlSaringit
Rabong
Utol
Usyek
UlsoklUtol
Haping
Osiek
Usbong
Pag-urong/Pag-ikti/
Shrink
Kesen/Kumsen
Kinmesen
Kimbet
Kinumrit
UmmakitlKinumbot
Kinumsen
Nahlit
Nayohan
Pagkital
Sickle
Kumpay
Kumpay
Kumpay
Kumpay
Kumpay
Kumpay
LiliklKaritlPanggapas Gaman
Kompay
SarpitlPagsinnan/
Mangil-an/Senyal/
Maika on
Sign
Senyal/Signal
Sinyal/Sinjal
Senyal/Pagilasinan
Buton/Sinyal
Senyales/Sintomas
Pamtokan
TaQematun
Mangimatonan
mangilasinan
DangitlNaykayang/
LangitlPapawirin/
Sky
Chaya
Tangatang
Langit
Langit
Daya
Tangatang
Lagud
KilislTabben
Himpapawid
Slash and burn
Uma
UmalOma
Uma
Koman/Agkomanan Baang/Uma
UmalNum-alKaingin Kaingin
Um-umaan
Habal/Uma
Pangangatay/
Slaughter
Partien/Pagpartiyan Palti/Dabak
Agparti
Magparti
Palti
Palti-en
Palti
Palti
Pagparti/Pagkatay
Manshalal
Bleed
Pachala
Agpadara
Magdagdaga
Padala
Pinikpikan
Pagkatay
Mandjaldjala
Mundadala
Emanshida
Blood
Chala
Shala
Dara
DaQa
Dala
Dada
Dugo
DjalalDala
Dala
Dehair
Kuskosan
Puhis/Koskosan
Kuskusan
Mamukis/Gudgodan PukisanlKiskisan
Kuskusan/Kiskisan
Kuskusin/Pagkuskos Kuskosam
Kupuhan
Entrail
Chalem
SusotlShalem
Medensia
Lalaem
DalornlBagis
Eges
Laman-Ioob
Bagis
Putu
Scald
Lamawen
DasoklLamaw
Panaglamaw
Magbalni/Lamawan
Lamawon
Labno-an/Lano-an
Pagpabanli
Lamawen
Lamawon
Singeing
Lakiman
lIoQ/Pu-ol
lsiram
Pulpogan
Langnon/llangon
lIagit
Pagsasalab
_ _ .!@.ngon____________ L~~ ______
18

---

ENGLISH
BONTOC
Sled
Pasagad
Pasagad/Patoki
Pasagad
Guyodan/Pasagad
Paguyod/Patuki
Patuki
Paragos/Kareta
Pasagad
Patuki
Smoke
Asok
Asok
Asok
Atu
Asok
Asok
Usok/Aso
Asok
Ahuk
Nesapan/Sinapan/
Isoog/Suoban/
Pagtatapa!
Smoking
Iki-ing/Isu-ob
Suob/May-sooi/iso-ol Isuor
Eki-ing/Su-oban
Suogan
Ihayung
Mesasapan
Suogan
Pagtitinapa
Biruruko/Beroroco/
SawitiBarikuko/
Bisokol/Listog/Binga!
Billolokok/Listog/
Snail
Filoloko
Birurukong/Bisukol
Biloloko/Bisokol
Suso/Kuhol/Bisokol
Pilak
Bisokol
Dagikan
Agudong
Agudong
Snake
Uweg/Uwa
Uleg
Uleg
Kuddog/Balatlldaw
Ulog
Eweg
Ahas/Sawa
Ulog
Ulog
Ufel/Pangi-aneng/
Panangiyupar/
Soak
Iyoper
Panagiuper
Ipabasa!lyupol
Ibenben/ltabel
Pagbabad ng binhi
Iyopel/Sunong
Ihopnak
Itta-bel
Panangl-bar
Soil
Luta
Bu-day/Shaga!Dota Daga
Luskan/Lusa
Pita!Luta
Luta
Lupa
Pita
Luta
Bonobonan/
Soil bed
Faliling/Kama
Kama
Aray/Kama
Tinamba
Pepennalan
Kama
Kama
Binal-Iakha
Panmulaan
Davanos/Guyabano/
Sour sop
Gayubana
Guayabano
Guyabano
Gayobano
Guyabano
Guyabano
Balniba
Gayubano
Bayobano
Spade
Spid
Pala
Pala
Spading
Pala
Sped
Asada!Asarol
Tinildjol
Ga-ud
Spider
Kakawa
Kakawa
Lawwa-Iawwa
Babbalakay
Kawa
Tiktikawa
Gagamba
Akawwa!Kawa
Kakaw-wa
Pa-jas/Padjiyas/
Spillway
Khosingan
Palupyas
Pagayusan/Pasuweg Gusingan
Gusingan
Agusan
Palipyas
Guhing
Bodja-ngan
Spot
Latek
Tulshek/Maltec
Batik
Burri
Labang
Latik
Mantsa!Batik/Patak
LabanglTulnok
Naptok
Sprayer
Fomfa
Sprayer/Bomba
Pangpasuyot
Inwawarsl
Bomba
Panbomba!Spreyer
Pambomba
Pugsit
Pusitsit
Uvog/Sebseb/
Spring
Ob-fog/Eb-eb
Ubbog
Burbor/Ladda
Bubos/Bubon
Eb-eb/Obbog
Batis/Bukal
Ubbual/Ub-ub/Bubon Ob-ob
Teb-teb/Sib-sib
Shower/Sibog/
Sprinkler
Palasifug
Ragadera
Isisibug
Sibog
Sibog
Pandilig
Lagadjela
Punsibug
Busitsit
Kalabasa!Kalumbas/
Karabasa!Kalubasa!
Squash
Kalub-as
Karabasa
Karabasa
Kalubasa!Kulbasa
Kalabasa
Kalbasa
Malabaha
Kalumbasa
Kumbasa
Stalk
Tadlang
Pukel/Dawas
Ungkay
Lupa
Gakkolang
Lawas
Tangkay
Tung-al
Adul
Star
TokwifilTalaw
Talaw
Bitwen
Bittuwan
Bitowon
Talaw
BituinlTala
Bitwon
Bituwon
Star fruit
Falimfing
Balimbing
Daldaligan/Saranati Pias
Piyas
Piyas
Balimbing
Djalligan
Balimbing
Entakchag/
Alakshang/Sang-atl
Steep
Teppang
Napasirda
Usgan/Na-osog
MatikidlTengngey
Matarik
Naduplas
Matikid
At-atakchag
Tived
Sanga!Singeg/
Dagami/Sangal
Stem
SangaITadlang
Sanga
Pungot
Tong-a!Lawas
Tangkay
Sanga
Pu-un
Bakdang
Pu-un
Internode
Lawas
Dawas
Baet ti buko
Lawat
Lawas
Buko
Bias/Biyas
Lawas
Buku
Tiller
Anak/Simit
Piki/SemitiDabit
Gipi
Taringit
Anak/SivaiSimit
Lipi/Saringit
Supang
Lipi
Haping
ArratlArrap/Rappatl
Stem cutting
Lutod/Sipling
Lutod/Ketdo
Maputed nga sanga
Lusod/Wakal/Puon
Lutod
Stem cutting
Putdjem ay mula
Miluhad an mitanom
AngtatiGappat
Pagsanangan/
Pagpenpenan/
BodegaITaguan/
Bodega!Alang/
Storage house
Bodega!Allang
BodegaITaduan
Kamalig/Abulug/
Bodega!Alang
Bodega!Kamarin
Alang/Punpunan
Kamarin
Imbakan
Punha-adan
Pagippayan
Pangetedo/
Store
Igtu
Idulin
Magidulin/Magipani
Iyalang/Igappot
Ibodega!lgtu/ldulin
Pag-iimbak
Sagumbi
I-alang/lpa-eh
Pangetalo
19

---

ENGLISH
BONToe
IBAlOI
IlOKO
ISNAG
KAUNGA
l KANKANA-EV .1
TAGALOG
TINGGUIAN
TUWAU
Khadchong/Otong/
String bean
Otong/Agod
Otong
AntaJSaraysay
Antak
Otong/Batong
Sitaw
Salayosay
Kaw-watlAntak
Falatonq
PetiklPonoklPike/
Sucker
Singi
Subwal
Asi bagatlPinya
Siva
SaringitlLipeng
Usbong
Suplang
Haping/Hobwal
Dabit
Sugarcane
Unas
Unas/Onas
Unas
Unat
Unas
Onas
Tubo
Unas
Unah
Sugarcane mill
Faliwesan
Dapilan/Shapilan
Dadapilan
Amasian/Dadapilan
TalupassilDapilan
Baliwesan/Dapil-Ian Gilingan
Sibulan
Boliwoh/Opalan
Sun
Akhew
Sekit
Init
MatalSinag
Init
SegitlAgew
Araw
Init
Potang
Kamaelaw/Malapaitl
Sunflower
Kamulaw/Ak-aklit
Marapait
Marapait
Sabong sinag
Malapait
Mirasol/Sunflower
Sunplower
Lam-paw
Sanflower
Sunny
Akhew/Atong
MaskitlSiyang
NainitlNasernaat
Nasinag
Amod initlNainit
Mansegit
Maaraw
Nainit
Potta-pottang
Sumingising nan
Awas ni sekitl
Lumtaw-matalSir-ag/
Bumalbalay segitl
Sunrise
Lumgak ti init
BiggabiggatIWikwikis
Bukang liwayway
Sumiim na init
Tuwen pumtang
akhew
ManseskitlSinmekit
Suminag
Pinmat-a
DelsheklSi-daw/
LeneklNalunog nan
Nadipus di agew/
Sunset
Mankademos e-siketi lIelenek ti init
Lumna-matalSumrap Kumlop/Kulop
Paglubog ng araw
Lumnok init
Nahiklop
akhew
Lumlumnek di agew
Edetep ni sekit
Ado nga produkto
Supply
Suplay
Suplay
Wasi
SuplaylTiplag
Suplay
Suplay
Apit
Kahapulan
nga ilako
Kamote/Kamoteng
Sweetpotato
Tukhi
Dukto/Docto
Kamote
Kamusi
Gasselang
Tugi/Lukto
Katila
Lapne/Gat-tok
baging
Swine/Pig
Futog
Baboy
Baboy
Aboy
Bulok
Busa-ang/Baboy
Baboy
Bulok
Babuy
Barrow
Kapon
Baboy
Kapon
Nalsitan babagga
LakilNaibotowan
Kapon
Kapong biik
Laki/Kapon
Kapun
Bulog/Manador/
Boar
Manador/Bula
Bula
Pamadakay
Maboto
Bul-Ia
Barakong baboy
Manadjol/Mabutu
BulaITangbal
Unangal
Gilt
Bumalasang
Davas/Kaong
Pangganakan
Bumalasang aboy
Bai
Bumalasang
Dumalagang baboy Gamayan/Piddal
Babain babuy
Tagapaganahan
Litter
Amom-og
San-ina
Sangkainaan
Sin-anakan
Anak
Mga anak ng baboy Aanakan
Imbabalen baboy
babagga
Migil/Butbutog/
Piglet
Ammog
Burias
Bagbagga
Iyas
Mokang
Kulig/BiiklBulaw
Utikllyas
Kinkinlum
Ut-utik
Sow
Okor
Ka-ong
Takong
Guhong
PainalPid-dal
Ka-ong
Inahing baboy
Pid-dal
Pikat
Ensus-suso ay
Suckling
Minuso
Agsossoso
Sumusu
Ansussuso
Mansossoso
Pasusuhing biik
Sumuso on iyas
Kinkinlum
ammoq
Palatandaan/
Symptom
Sinyal
Sinjal
Pagilasinan
Paglasinan
Maila-an/Sinial
Sinyal
Sinial/Mangil-an
Sinyal
Sintomas
Tamarind
Salamagi
SalamagilSalumagi
Salamagi
Salamagi
Salamagi
Salamagi
Salamagi/Sampalok Sammaagi
Salumagi
Taro
Fakkag
AvalAbalPising
Aba
Siway
Lidoy/Aba
AbalGamey/Pising
Gabi
Latod/Aba
AbalPihing
Mengabang/
Man-ab-abang/
Nangungupahan/
Tenant
Makisamsama
Makitaltalon
Bobonan
Tago
Makiab-abang
Maki-payo
Eman-abang
Suplay
Tenante
Bawasan/Kesayan/
Thinning
KesayanlTudtuchan PangkisaylTud-tudan Parutan
Kassayan/Badutan
KaananlTudtudan
Bawas punla
Pakisangam
Kisayan/Kaanan
Tudtudan
Pantilyar/Pan-ilikl
Thresh
Eliken
Agirik
Mahaggl/Magpaspas Taltagan/Erikon
ErikenlTalnag
PaggigiiklGiikin
Man-iliklManaltag
Uloton
Pan-edik
BinulbollTinaltag/
Threshed rice
lIik
lIiklllek
Irik
Pagoy/llik
Irik
Giniik na palay
llik
Ihidum
-- - ~------- -------
---_..__._...-
~QC!~__
- - - - - - - - - - - - ----
20

---

ENGLISH
BONToe
ILOKO
KuloglKalugkogi
Thunder
Keleb/Khicho
Kerol/Kirol
Gurro-od
AddugiSal-it
Kidol
Kidu
KidjoVKidol
Kidol
Dagundong
Tick
Kedpas
Angpas
UlmoglAmpas
Kabang
Apngot
Kagew
Garapata
Angpas
Ompa
Panangisagana ti
Tillage
Panagsama
Pennukay
Panagdabba ki lusa Mambaybay
Kultibit
Bungkal
Mankpoya
Huple
daga
ArasholArasho-enl
Manglulot!
Aladowonl
Plow
Men alacho
Panagarado
Man-arado
Pag-aararo
Man-aradjolAlado
Mun·aadu
Man-arasho
Manglupang
Mangalado
Mansuyodl
Manpa-i1id!
Harrowing
Sagaden
Aray/Saloysoyen
Panagpak-ol
Magsuyod/Muriski
SuyodonlAnsuyod
Pagsusuyod
Munkawal
Mansaloysoy
Manlasang
PatakdeglPaandol
Lengthwise
Pa-ancho
Pashokey/Ongshos Pa-atiddog
PabaliresiPadorut
lyonod!lpaunod
Pahaba
Binisngay
Huple
Paundos
Pabalagbagl
Crosswise
Finalafag
Bakwag
Pa-baribar
Mapabbag/Pinabbag
Pababag
Pahalang
Inakub
Huple
Ipabalagbag
Panag Iimpia/
Level
Isengpa/Chatalen
Simpa-en/Dimpiya
Magpatanab
Lenason/llenas
Isengpa
Pagpataglpagpantay Panadjom
Dotalon
Panagpanad
Dryland methodl
Dryland method Inuma
Bangkag
Bangkag
Magballat!Magunot
Bangkag/Uma
Bangkag
Paraang walang
Uma/lyuma
Munhabal
Ipatubig
Wetland method!
Wetland method Pinayew
Talon/Payew
Talon
Magpayaw
Mapitok/lpayaw
Layew
Paraang may
Imulnak/lpanad
Munpayo
Ipatubig
KanallTambak/
Dike/Levee
Faneng
Pa-jas/Kolokol
Tambak
TabonlAlinawang
Pigol/Banong
Dike/PilapillTagaytay Tambak
Banong
Baneng
Saveshongl
Toxic
Safichong
Makasabidong
Makasabidong
Pumatoy
Makasabidong
Lason
Makaposol/Pumatoy Pumate
Sabishong
MengidaholAhentel
MangangalakaV
Trader
Ahente
Negosiante
Magtagtagilako
AnlalakolAhente
Ahente/Man-i1aklako
Manlaklako
Mungina
Akinte
Negosyante
Trading post!
Pagbartilyuwan/
Bagsakanl
Punhublianl
Trading post
Bagsakan
Bagsakanl
Paglakwan
Lalakowan
Bagsakan
Manlaklakowan
Paglakuwan
Treding pos
Punginaan
Ponshu-an
Papagguyudanl
Trail
Chalan
Shalan
Dana
Talpad
Wanti/Sebang
Landas/Daanan
Ittok ay kalsadja
Dalan
Kalipkip/Pakel
Man-ulag/lyaton
Mantuned/Man-isek/ Lipat-taniml
Transplant
Mentuned
Man-esek
Ag-raep
Magialit ka mula
Manlaop
Munbitnat-tan
mula/Man-usok
Man-imula
Pagtatanim
Saan nga
Kompormel
Random/Walang
Random
Kinampormi
Kumpormi
Binuransi agmula
Balang na
Ulay-yonlbalangna
Munbinatog
nagbinnatog
Kinumporme
I piling pagtatanim
Dinaladagl
Straight row
Esay linya
Nandetteg
Napartengan
BinnatogiNadaladag Diretso/Binatog
Tuwid na hanay
Ibatog
Daw-wa-on
Nadaladag agmula
Spacingl
Pag-aagwat!
Fet-ang
Distancia
Nagbaetan ti mula
Naabayat agmula
Botta-angiBootan
Baet!Etak
Lit·taangiBaot
Maika
Distance
Pagdidistansya
Guide/marker
PartengiMarka
Malka/Kosit
PartengiMarka
Patuldu/Pagpadaw
Linya/Kigad
Marka/Palteng/Linya Giya/Palatandaan
Ugis
Pun-adlon
Seedling
Pachog
Semilja/Bonobon
Bunobon
Mukimo/BukibO/Sibu Bunobon
Bunobon/Similya
Punla/Pananim
Bonobon
Tanom/Bunubon
Tillering
Umanak
Pan-dipi
Gipi
Magtammag/Maggipi Siya/Sumiya
Suwi/Pingi
Pagsusuwi
Gipi
Munhaping
Alleyway
Chalan
Shalan
Pagnaan
Daddalenan
Dalan/Ayon
Kaang
Daan
Nahipaton ma-oy
Dalan
21

---

ENGUSH
BONTOC
-,_._._......'_.__._-----_.-
Magtagnap/
Replanting
MensugotiMenlamot Sunsun
Panagsugot
Sugotan/Sunsun
Sun-odanlSukatan
Muling pagtatanim
Mansugot
Itanum
Mahaatap
----_...~.~--,-
Bunal/Biyahe/
Transport
Ibiyahe
Pinangibiyahe
Ibiyahe
Idalosa/Gimataon
Ibiyahe/llugan
PaghakotiPagbiyahe Ibiyahi
lIugan/lyaldan
Bunalen
Treatment
Akhas
AkaslAgas
Agas
Agas
Agas
Agas
GamotiLunas
Agas
Aga
Trowel
Sangkap/Sanggap
Sangkap/Chopchop Hand trowel
InrurudalSagwa
Landok/Suduk
Sanggap
Dulos
Ballita/Suduk
Dolu/Hanggap
Tuber
Fekhas
Dames/Damot
Bagas
Asi
Bugas
Lames
Lamang-ugat
Salingit
Bagas
Turkey
Turkey
Turkey
Pabo
Turkey
Turkey/Pabo
Pabo
PabolTurkey
Pabo
Telki
Piyok ay pabo/
Poult
Impas
Kiyap/Kipkip
Ubing a pabo
Pipiya turkey
Ammalasang
Kiyap/lngpas
Sisiw na pabo
Im-impah an telki
Anakdi pabo
Tom/Gobbler
Kawitan
Kawitan
Lalaki a pabo
Kawitan turkey
Kawitan
Kawitan
Pabong lalaki
Kawitan on pabo
Kawitan an telki
Hen
Upa
Ufa
Babai a pabo
Gaggana turkey
Mangalak
Upa
Inahing paba
Gaganak on pabo
Ubuwan an telki
Twig
Singi/Sipling
Panga/DutinglPating Roting
Bibittl sanga
LutinglPanga
Panga/Pating
Sanga
Inittok ay sanga
Pating
Typhoon
Lemlem
Puwek
Bagyo
Bali/ bagyaw
Bali/Puwok
Puwek
Bagyo
Bagyo/Bali
Puwok
Unripe
Maata
Naata/Aneng/Ma-ata Naata
Namata
Maata
Maata
Hilaw
Naata
Ug-ge nal-uml Maata
Naduma-duma nga
Nagbabalaki/
Variety
Klasi
Kilase
Kalasi
Klase
Klase
Kalasi
Nunhihin-natkon
kita
Nagsasaballl
Warehouse
Bodiga
Bodega
Bodega/Kamalig
Amalig
Alang
Panbodegaan
Bodega
Alang
Alang
Wash
Uwas
Pangoras
Panang-buggo
Bagguan
Ulasan/Balbalan
Uwasan
Hugas
Balbalam
UlahanlUI-ullahan
Water
Chanum
Shanom
Danum
Danum
Danum
Danum
Tubig
Djanum
Liting
TungsoylTonsoy/
Water cress
Tongsoy
Tongsoy
Watercress
Tongsoy
Tungsoy/Shangtoy
Tunsoy
Lubnak
Tanghoy
Tapsoy
Waterfall
Kin-aw
Pajogpog
PayogpogITalon
Barrong
Uto
Palogpogan
Talon
Ayos di danum
Guhing
Pagpasusop ti
Water pump
Fumfa
Bomba/Water pump
Binumba danum
Bumba
Bomba/Water pamp Bomba ng tubig
Panpaisup djanum
Bumba
danumIWater pump
Danumanl
Watering
Chanuman/Sifugan
Sevogan/Shinuman Panagsibog
Danuman
Padanuman
Mansibsibug
PagdidiliglNagdidilig Silogam
Munhib-hibbog
Latang pandilig/
Watering can
Palasifug
SivoglSibog/Data
Pangsibog
Insisibug lata
Sibog
Parasibog
Lata ay palasibog
Punsibug
Baldena pandilia
Watermelon
Sanja
Sandia/San-ja
Sandya
Asimun nabangog
Udal
Sanja
Pakwan
Sandia
Sandiya
Maisina/Mapsotl
Pag-awatiPagwalay/
Wean
Pesso
Panang isina
Magipusing
Pusotan/Naposot
Pusuten/Napla
Ipusing
Puhowon
Nafokak
Pagbitiw
Weather
Timpo
Tempo
Kasasaad ti tiempo
Tiempo
Timpo
TempolTiempo
PanahonlTiempo
Timpo
Timpo
Weed
Lukham
EdetiDo-bet
Ruot
Kadkaddat
Bollat
Lugam
Damo
Pudayaw
Holok
Makadumingo/
Ohan domingo/
Week
Domingo/Lawas
Domingo/Dawas
Lawas
Lawas
Domingo/Lawas
Linggo
Domingo/Lawas
Makalawas
Linggo
Weevil
Fokfok
Bukbok
Buk-buk
Tutu baggat
Bukbuk
Bukbok
Bukbok
Lulok
Lukluk
Weigh
Ikilo/Kiluwen
Ikilo/Bel-at
Panagkilo/Kiloen
Manammat
Kilowon
Kilo-en
KilohinlTimbangin
Kilowom
Ikilo/Dam-otan
Pagkillowan/
Weighing scale
Kilowan
Kidoan/Kilo-an
Pagkiluwan
Kilowan
Kilo-an
Timbangan
Pankilwan
Kiluwan
Timbangan
.._ ' - - - - - _ .._.....
22

---

__
E_NG_U_s_H_-'--_B_o_NT_OC
'---_B_AL_OI__-'--_l_o~K_O
I_SN_A_G_ _'---_KA_L_IN_G_A_I KANKANA·EY I TAGALOG
nNGGUIAN
TUWAU
Weight
Kilo/Dagsen
Kilo/Bel-at
Kadagsen
Dammat
Kilo/Dam-otlDagson Kilo/Kadagsen
Timbang
Dagson
Kilo/Dam-ot
Tabbug adallam/
Well
Fufun
Deepwell/Asulan
Bubon
Bubon
Sakduan
Balon
Tampidjaw
Bubon
Bubon
Wheel barrow
Kalatilya
KarateljalKaramatilja Kamaratilya
Pakkahupan
Kamatilya
SilbadalKaratelya
KaretilyalKarmatilya Kalatilya
Kamatilya
Alinpusapos/
Ipu-ipo/Buhawi/
Alipogpog/
Whirlwind
Alipospos/Kalifudfud Alipugpug/Adipospos Alipugpog
Alipugpug
Ipo-ipo/Alipugpug
Alipuhpuh
AlipuQPoQ
Alimpuyo
Alimpupuyog
White flowered
Tafongaw
UposlTabongaw
Tabungaw
Bakuba
Tabungaw
UpolTabungaw
Upo
Tabungao
Tabungaw
gourd
Wholesale
Korpi ay ilako
Gulpi/Ginulpi/Kinulpi Gulpi
Ginulpian
Pinakyaw
Kontrata
Pakyawan
Gulpi ay panaglako
Gulpi an ngina
Laylay/Nalpay/
Manlaylay/Makuyos/
Wilt
Maluyluyaw
Day-day/Lay-Iay
Panaglaylay
Maglaylay
LantalLuoy
Malyaw
Nalyo
Malyaw
May-ayew
Dakdak/Dubdub/
Wind
Chagem/Chakem
Shagem
Angin
Bali
Bidbid
Dagem
Hangin
Dibdib
Angin
Mashagem/
Windy
Nachagem
Manshashagem/
Naangin
Nabali
Imbibidbid/Nabidbid Mandagem
Mahangin
Nadjobdjob
Madibdib
Mansheggem
Sigadilyas/
Winged bean
Pallang
Pallang/Bekhan
Pallang
Pallang
Pallang/Ullig
Pallang
Ullig
Bu-ligan
Kalamismis
Winnow
Tap-aniEnta-ep
TaaplTaapan
Agtaep
Sapanllsap
Tup-an
Manta-eplTap-an
Tahip
Bagat
Ta-oplTopan
Winnower
Lig-o/Liga-o
Penaap/Diga-o/Kiyag Agtataep
Igaw
Ligaw
Liga-o
Bilao/Bila-o
Igao
Liga-o
Winnowing sieve
Akha-ag
Yakayak
Gasagasan
Yukuyu
Akiyak/Yakayak
Akiyak
Bistay
Akiyak
Higi
BarotlBaddong an
Wire
Alamli/FalotlKhalot
Alambre/Alamshe
Barot
Barut
BarotlBalot
BarotlAlambre
Alambre
Balut
Qumok
World
FatawalLofong
Duvong/Dubong
Lubong
Lubong/Kalawagan
Lubong
Lubong
Daigdig/Mundo
Lobong
Luta
Singkamas/
Singkamas/
Singkamas/
Yam beanlTumip
Singkamas
Singkamas
Singkamas
Singkamas
Kamas
Singkamas
Atingkamas
Dingkamas
Bisl sinQkamas
Faangan/Fitling/
Deckshan/Kelparan/
Aldat-tan/
Yard
Paraangan
Amuwag
Paway
Baliwang
Bakuran/Looban
Sangon Buloy
Awichan
Buhdayan
Lita-anQan
Year
Tawen
TavenlTawen
Tawen
Dagon
Tawon
Taw-en
Taon
Tawon
Tawon
Yellow ginger
Laya
AgatlLaya
Laya
Basang ngilalKunig
Laya
Laya
Luyang dilaw
Basong/Laya
Bongo/Laya
Yield
ApitlAni/Fekhas
AfitlApit
Apit
ApitlBunga
ApitlBunga
ApitlAni/Lames
Ani/BungalProdukto Apit
Ani/BungalBintok
Pamatok/Yugo/
Yoke
Pasangol
Pako
Pasangol
Isiw
Sangol
Pako/Sangol
Sangol
Panakul
Singkaw
23

---

REFERENCES
Ahuja, B.N. 1994. Academic's Dictionary of Management. Academic (India) Publishers. Rajendra Nagar, New Delhi.
CECAP and PhilRice. 2000. Highland Rice Production in the Philippine Cordillera. Central Cordillera Agricultural Programme (CECAP), Banaue,
Ifugao and Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice), Maligaya, Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines.
Collins Dictionary of the English Language. 1979. William Collins, Sons & Co. Ltd. Glasgow G4 ONB.
Gomez, E.D. and A.T. Austria.1994. Glossary of Technical Terms in Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Rural Development. Agriculture Part 2.
Institute of Development Communication-College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines.
Herren, R.V. and R.L. Donahue.1991. The Agriculture Dictionary. Delmar Publishers Inc. Albany, New York.
Lewis, R.A. 2002.CRC Dictionary of Agricultural Sciences. CRC Press LLC. Roca Raton, Florida, USA.
Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary. 1996. 10th Ed. Merriam Webster, Inc. Springfield, Massachusetts, USA.
Panganiban, J.V. 1973. DIKSYUNARYO-TESAURO. PILIPINO-INGLES. Manlapaz Publishing Co. Quezon City, Philippines.
The University of the Philippines at Los Banos College of Agiculture.1983. Rice Production Manual of the Philippines. College, Laguna, Philippines.
25

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Appendices
A. Definition of English Agricultural Terms
5. Validation Workshop F articipants with Fhotos

---

TERM
DEFINITION
Blight
Disease symptoms, parasite, fungi, bacteria, viruses, or unfavorable atmospheric conditions, which cause the withering and death of a plant
Bolo
A large single-edged knife
Borrow
To obtain or receive (something like money) on loan for temporary use, intending to give it or something equivalent or identical back to the lender
Boundary
Something that indicates the farthest limits; as of an area; border
Branch
A lateral stem arising from the main stem of a plant, bough or limb
Branding/Brand
(1 )The act of affixing a name or design or some words or letters to the product for distinction (2) A mark of identification burned into the skin of cattle, horses,
or carabaos
Breed
(1) Animals having common origin and distinguishing characteristics (2) To improve, through control, characteristics in plants and animals
Breeder
(1) A specialist in breeding (2) An animal used for breeding
Breeze
A gentle or light wind
Bridge
A structure that spans and provides a passage over a road, railway, river, or some other obstacles
Bud
A protuberance containing miniature leaves or flowers, located terminally or laterally on a stem
Bug
Any insect, specifically of the order Hemiptera
Bulb
The subterranean bud of some plants, which has a short stem bearing overlapping membrane-like leaf bases, as in onions and tulips
Bundle
A group of things fastened together for convenient handling
Butterfly
Any diurnal insect with a slender body and clubbed antennae and typically rests with the wings (often brightly colored) closed over the back
Buy
(1)To acquire by paying or promising to pay a sum of money or the equivalent (2) Purchase
Buyer
(1) A person who buys (2) Purchaser (3) Customer
Cage
A structure for confining birds or animals, enclosed on at least one side by a grating of wires or bars that let in air and light
Canal
An artificial water course cut through a land area for navigation, irrigation, or drainage
Carabao
A member of the cattle tribe of swampy regions of Southeast Asia, having widely spreading back-curving horns; domesticated forms are used as draught
animals
Carabull
An uncastrated male carabao
Caracalf
Mature female carabao
Caracow
More than 3-months old but sexually immature
Cart
(1) A heavy open vehicle, usually having two wheels and drawn by horses, used in faring and to transport goods (2) Any small vehicle drawn or pushed by
hand
Cassava
A shrubby tropical American plant (Manihot esculenta) widely grown for its large, tuberous, and starchy roots
Castration/Castrate
To remove the testicles or to destroy their use
Caterpillar
The worm-like larva of a butterfly, moth, or other insects
Cattle
Collectively mature bovine animals; calves and yearlings may sometimes be included in a broad sense, the term may also include all domesticated
quadrupeds
Bull
(1) An uncastrated male bovine (2) A market term for male bovine at sexual maturity
Calf
The young of certain large mammals, of the bovine animals, specifically those more than three months old but sexually immature
Cow
The mature female bovine, a market term for designating a female bovine which has produced a calf
Heifer
The young female of the cattle species; usually applies to the female that has not yet given birth
Horned
Designating an animal with horns
Hornless
Designating a well-defined, polled condition of certain breeds of cattle such as the Angus and Red Polled
29

---

TERM
Stag
In animals, a male castrated after reaching sexual maturity
Steer
A male bovine animal castrated before reaching puberty
Charcoal
A black, porous, carbonaceous substance, obtained by the partial burning of an animal or vegetable substance in the absence of air; a common fuel; it is also
a mild antiseptic and deodorant
Chicken
Gallus domesticus, family Phasianidae; the domestic fowl, whose ancestry while obscured by antiquity, is attributed to Gallus gallus and other species of
jungle fowl of India and the Malay Peninsula; the chicken is one of the most widely distributed and most commonly kept of all farm animals
Chick
A young chicken
Cock
The adult male fowl; also called rooster or stag
Cockerel
A male chicken less than a year old
Hen
A female fowl; specifically the female domesticated fowl valued for its egg production
Pullet
An immature female chicken
Rooster
Male chicken; cock; cockerel (less than a year old)
Chicken coop
Afarm building for housing poultry
Chicken dung
Chicken manure or excrete that fertilizes land
Clay
Denoting particles, regardless of mineral composition, with diameter less than 2 microns (agriculture) or 4 microns (geology)
Clayey
Containing large amounts of clay or having properties similar to those of clay
Climate
The sum total of all atmospheric or meteorological influences, principally temperature, moisture, wind, pressure, and evaporation, which combine to
characterize a region and give it individuality by influencing the nature of its land forms, soils, vegetation, and land use
Cloud
Dense, visible concentrations of suspended water droplets of ice crystals ranging in diameter from 20 to 50um
Cloudy
Covered with clouds
Cold weather
Low temperature
Collateral
Security for debt given by someone other than the debtor; an extra security for a debt given by a debtor in addition to a major security that in some
circumstances might be considered sufficient; a security for a debt that consists of rights over property, as opposed to personal guarantee
Compost
(1) Organic residues such as peat, manure, or discarded plant materials or soil placed in a pit or enclosure, moistened, and allowed to become decomposed
(2) To cause vegetable matter to become decomposed as a fertilizer
Consign
The handling over of an item for sale to a second party while retaining ownership in it
Consumer
A person who purchases goods and services for his own personal needs
Contour
Afixed level of elevation across a slope
Cooperation
A Filipino value where people in a community help one another like in planting rice or in physically moving a residential house to a different place; "Bayanihan"
Corn
Any of numerous cultivated forms of a widely grown, usually tall annual cereal grass (Zea mays) bearing grains or kernels on large ears; the grains or kernels
of this plant used as food for humans and livestock or for the extraction of an edible oil or starch; also called Indian corn, maize
Corn husk
Outer covering of a corn
Corn kernel
The edible seed
Corn tassel
A terminal male inflorescence
Creek
A small stream or river
Cricket
A large family of leaping insects, of the family Gryllidae, some of which are nocturnal and known for their chirping
Crop
Any product of the soil; in a narrow sense, the product of a harvest obtained by labor, as distinguished from natural production or wild growth
Crop rotation
Growing annual plants in a different location in a systematic sequence; this helps control insects and diseases, improves the soil structure and productivity,
and decreases erosion
30

---

TEAM
DEFINmON
Crowbar
A heavy iron lever with one pointed end and one forged into a wedge shape
Cucumber
Atendril-bearing, climbing, or sprawling annual plant (Cucumis sativus) widely cultivated for its edible cylindrical fruit that has a green rind and crisp white flesh
Cultivate
To till and prepare (land or soil) for the growth of crops
Curling
Any of the various plant disease characterized by curling of the leaves
Cutworm
The larval stage of moths of the family noctuidae, which are soft skinned caterpillars up to 1 Y2 inch long
Damping-off
Any of the several fungal diseases which attack and cause rotting of seedlings and cuttings
Dawn
Daybreak, sunrise
DaylDaylight
The period from sunrise to sunset; day as opposed to night
Decay
(1) The decomposition of organic matter by anaerobic bacteria or fungi in which the products are completely oxidized (2) Any chemical or physical process
which causes deterioration or disintegration
Deficiency
An insufficiency in reference to amount, volume, proportion, etc.; a lack; a state of incompleteness
Dehydrate
The removal of 95% or more of the water from any substance by exposure to high temperature
Demand
(1) An urgent or peremptory requirement or request (2) Willingness and ability to purchase goods and services (3) The amount or commodity that consumers
are willing to purchase at a specified price
Depth
Deepness
Dew
The condensed, atmospheric moisture which has collected, usually at night, on plants, soil, rocks, and other surfaces which have cooled below the
condensation point of the moisture in the atmosphere; in humid areas, the amount of water contributed by dew may be as much as 5 in (13 cm) a year; the
amount is also important for plant growth in semi-arid or arid regions
De-worm
Getting rid of worms
DiglDigging
To turn up the earth
Dike
A ridge of earth thrown up to impound water, as in irrigation or to divert water, as in soil erosion control
Dilute
To make more liquid by mixing with water, alcohol, etc.
Dip
To plunge briefly into a liquid, as in order to wet, coat, or saturate
Direct seeding
Planting seeds as opposed to setting out started plants
Pre-germinated seed
The radicle/plummule emerged from the seed
Lodging
The falling down of rice plants in the field due to wind, rain, flooding, pest damage, or because the stems are too tall or too weak to stand erect during the
grain-filling stage, usually causing yield loss
Broadcast
A method of planting in which the seeds are uniformly distributed over the entire surface area
Saturated field
(1) A field totally wet, filled voids between soil particles with a liquid (2) Filled completely or loaded to capacity
Discolored
Stained; altered or changed color specially for the worse
Disease
Any deviation from a normal state of health in plants and animals which temporarily impairs vital functions; it may be caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites,
poor nutrition, congenital or inherent deficiencies, or unfavorable environment
DisperselDistribute
The actual transfer or movement of organisms from one place to another; it does not constitute migration, but is a necessary antecedent to it
Ditch
An artificial excavation, as a trench or channel dug to carry irrigation or drainage water
Dominant
In genetics, designating one of any pair of opposite Mendelian characters which dominates the other, when both are present in the germ- plasm, and appear in
the resultant organism
Dragonfly
Any predatory insect having a large head and eyes, a long slender body and two pairs of iridescent wings outspread at rest
Drainage
The area from which waters are drained; a drainage basin
Drip
To fall in drops
Drizzle
Very light rain specifically consisting of droplets less than 0.5 mm in diameter
31

---

TERM
Drought
A long period of abnormally low rainfall, especially one that adversely affects growing or living conditions
Drum
Cylindrical container
Dry
Having all the water or liquid drained away, evaporated, or exhausted
"Above stove"
Drying rice grains, either threshed or bundled, above the cooking stove to further remove excess moisture
Air-dry
To dry or dehumidify by means of natural air movement
Hang-dry
To fasten to some elevated point without support from below
Sun-dry
Drying or preserving by exposure to the sun
Dry rot
Any of the many types of decay, but specially of that which, when in an advanced stage, permits timber to be easily crushed to a dry powder
Dry season
Having little or no rainfall
Duck
A bird, family Anatidae, specially the domesticated ducks raised for meat
Drake
A mature male duck
Hen
The female duck
Duckling
A young duck which still has downy plumage
Dusk
Twilight or the darker part of twilight
Dust
Fine, dry particles of earth, or other matter, so attenuated that they may be wafted by the wind
Earthquake
A sudden motion or trembling in the earth caused by the abrupt release of slowly accumulated strain (by faulting or by volcanic activity)
Earthworm
Any of the several species of the genus Lumbricus, family Lumbricidae, commonly, represented in the fauna of surface soils, specially in the humid regions;
generally regarded as beneficial because some improve the structure and fertility of the soil; however they may do minor damage by eating plants
Egg
A hard-shelled reproductive body produced by a bird, reptile, or other animal species
Egg nest
A place or structure in which birds, insects, reptiles, mice, etc., lays or give birth to youngs
Eggplant
An Indian plant (Solanum melongena var. esculenta) cultivated for its large edible, ovoid, glossy, usually purple-skinned fruit
Erosion
Group of processes whereby earth or rock material is worn away, loosened, or dissolved and removed from any part of the earth surface
External parts of ruminants
Back
The posterior part extending from the neck to the pelvis
Belly
The abdomen of an animal
Ham
A cut of pork which consists of the hind quarters of a swine from the hock to the hip, including the thigh and buttock
Head
The part of the body which includes the face, ears, brain, etc.
Hoof
The hard, horny, outer covering of the feet of horses, cattle, sheep, goats, and swines
Horn
A natural bonelike growth or projection on each side of the head of most breeds of cattle, sheep, and goats which is a natural weapon of defense
Loin
(1) The part of the body of animals on each side of the backbone that lies between the floating ribs and hipbone (2) A wholesale or retail cut of meat which
comes from the loin of carcass
Navel
A depression in the middle of the abdomen that marks the point of former attachment of the umbilical cord or yolk stalk
Neck
The connecting link between the head and the body
Penis
The male organ
Rectum
The terminal or lower part of the intestine which ends at the anus
Rump
The part of the rear end of an animal, which includes the buttocks or fleshy part of the rear quarters
Shoulder
The upper part of the forelimb and/or the adjacent part of the back
Side
(1) In the body of an animal, either of the lateral surfaces or parts extending from the shoulder to the hips (2) An entire lateral half of a beef, veal, or pork
carcass split lengthwise through the backbone and the corresponding mid-undersurface
32

---

TERM
DEFlNlnON
Snout/Muzzle
(1) The projecting part of an animal's head that contains the nose and jaws, as the snout of a hog (2) An anterior elongation of the head
Tail
The posterior part of the vertebral column of animals; it is usually covered with hair, some of which may be quite long
Teat
The fleshy protuberance through which milk is drawn from the udder of a mammal
Testicles
Male sex organs which produce sperm after sexual maturity
Vulva
The external genital organs of the female; the opening to the vagina
Farm
Atract of land cultivated for the purpose of agricultural production
Farm house
A house in the farm
Farm manure
The excrement from all or certain farm animals, including litter or bedding materials like straw
Feather
The epidermal structure partly embedded in follicles of the skin of birds
Feed trough
An open receptacle for animal feed
Feeding
Providing animals with the desirable quantity and quality of feeds; making feeds available to animals
Feeds (commercial
Harvested forage, such as hay, silage, fodder, grain, or forage processed feeds for livestock
or concocted)
Fence
A hedge or barrier of wood, metal, stone, or plants erected to enclose an area to prevent trespassing or the straying of animals
Fire
One of the results of combustion
Flat
A level, treeless prairie, specially between hills or mountains
Flea
Certain active, leaping insects of the family Pulicidae, which feed upon the blood of warm-blooded animals
Flock
Several birds or domestic mammals, like sheep which are tended as a unit; also called herd; band
Flood
The rising and overflowing water from natural or human causes into fields, farms, cities, etc.
Flood irrigation
A system of irrigation consisting of adding water at the highest point in a field and allowing the water to cover the soil
Flour
The fine-ground product obtained in the commercial milling of wheat, which consists essentially of the starch and gluten of the endosperm; it is used for baking
Flower/Fruit
The matured ovary of a flower and its contents including any external parts which is an integral portion of it; in a popular sense, the fleshy ripened ovary of a
woody plant, tree, shrub, or vine, used as a cooked or raw food
Fog
Almost microscopically small water drops suspended in air that reduce horizontal visibility to less than a mile
Foggy
Thick with fog
Food
Material usually of plant or animal origin, that contains essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals, and is ingested and
assimilated by an organism to produce energy, stimulate growth, and maintain life
Footbridge
A narrow bridge for the use of pedestrians
Forage rack
A framework for holding hay or fodder
Forest
A dense growth of trees, plants, and underbrush covering a large area
Fruitfly
Any small dipterous fly which feeds on and lay eggs in plant tissues
Fuelwood
Wood products harvested for use as a fuel
Full moon
The instant when the moon is directly opposite the sun, and therefore fully illuminated, appearing as a bright circular disc
Fungicide
A pesticide chemical used to control plant diseases caused by fungi like molds and mildew
Fungus
A lower order of plant organism, which contains no chlorophyll, no vascular system, and is not differentiated into roots, stems, or leaves
Furrow
The opening left in the soil after the furrow slices have been turned by the turning plow
Garden
A plot of ground, usually less than an acre, devoted to the growing of vegetables, flowers, herbs, fruits, etc.
Garden pea
The flattened cylindric inflated multi-seeded fruit of the common pea plant
Garlic
An onion-like plant (Allium sativum) of Southern Europe having a bulb that breaks up into separable cloves with a strong distinctive odor and flavor
Germ
In reference to animal disease, a small organism, microbe, or bacterium that can cause disease
33
•

---

TERM
DERNITION
Germinate
To cause seeds or spores to sprout or form new tissue following increased metabolism
Ginger
A plant (Zingiber officina/e) of tropical Southeast Asia having yellowish-green flowers and a pungent aromatic rhizome; the rhizome of this plant is often dried
and powdered and used as a spice; also called gingerroot
Goat
Any horned ruminant of the genus Capra, family Bovidae, especially the domestic goat, C. hircus, which is bred as a source of milk, meat, and wool or hair
Buck
An adult male goat
Doe
An adult female goat
Kid
A young goat
Goose
Any large, web-footed bird (intermediate in size between swans and ducks) of the sub-family Anserinae (family Anatidae) including the genus Anserdomestic
goose, Anser domesticus, includes a number of breeds kept for their flesh and feathers
Gander
A mature male goose
Hen
A mature female goose
Gooseling
A young goose
Grade/Sort
To classify products, animals, etc. into grades
Grain
A seed of cereal crops
Granary
A storehouse, especially for threshed or husked grain
GrassIWeed
Narrow-leaved green herbage; grown as lawns; used as pasture for grazing animals; cut and dried as hay
Grasshopper
Any insect of the order Orthoptera, family Acididae; species have long legs for jumping and may be voracious feeders of many kinds of foliage
Graze
To consume any kind of standing vegetation, as by domestic livestock or wild animals
Greenhouse
A building with glass or plastic walls and roof for the cultivation and exhibition of plants under controlled condition
Grow
To live and to increase in stature and girth toward maturity
Grub hoe
Atool with a flat blade attached to a long handle approximately at a right angle; used for weeding, cultivating, and gardening
Guava
Atropical tree grown for its edible fruit with yellow skin and pink pulp used to make jellies and jams
Hailstorm
Precipitation in the form of hard pellets of ice, called hailstones, which often fall from cumulo-nimbus clouds with accompanying thunderstorms
Half moon
The moon at first or last quarter
Harness
The straps, bands, collars, lines, and attachments necessary to equip a draft animal like a horse to pull or move a load
Harrow
A farm implement used to level the ground and crush clods, to stir the soil, and prevent and destroy weeds
Harvest
To cut, reap, pick, or gather any crop or product of value, as grain, fruit, or vegetables
Harvest season
The time of the year when the mature crop is gathered
Harvesting
The act of reaping, picking, or gathering of any crop using a handfold knife or a sickle
Hatch
To bring forth young from the egg by natural or artificial incubation
Hay
Any leafy plant material, usually clover, fine-stemmed grasses and sedges, alfalfa, and other legumes cut and dried principally for livestock feeding
Hedge
Fence or barrier formed by bushes, shrubs, or small trees growing close together in a line, sometimes with interwoven branches used as a screen
Herbicide
Chemicals used to kill plants; used in contact with seed, stem, or leaf of a plant
Herd
A group of animals (specially cattle, horses, swine) collectively considered as a unit in farming or grazing practice
Hilling-up
The act of drawing soil around the roots or bases of a plant
Hillside
A part of a hill between the top and the foot
Horse
A quadruped of very ancient domestication used as a beast of burden, a draft animal, and a pleasure animal for riding, and in some areas, as a meat animal
Colt
A young male horse, ass, or mule under four years of age
Filly
A young immature female horse
34

---

TERM
DEFlNlnON
Foal
The un-weaned young of the horse or mule
Mare
A mature female horse
Stallion
A male horse used for breeding purposes
Hot pepper
The pungent fruit of any of several varieties of Capsicum annuum or C. frutescens
Hot weather
A period of unusually high temperature
Housefly
Any winged insect, such as a moth, bee, gnat, etc. specifically a two-winged insect of the family Muscidae
Immune/lmmunity
Having resistance to the action of something, like a disease; it may be inborn, may result from exposure to a disease, or from having received an injection of
immune serum
Insect
An air breathing animal which has a distinct head, thorax, and abdomen with one pair of antennae on the head, three pairs of legs, and usually two pairs of
wings on the thorax
Insecticide
A substance that kills insects by chemical action, as a stomach poison, contact poison, or fumigant
Irrigated
Designating land or crops which have received water from other sources as well as from natural precipitation
Irrigation
Artificial application of water to soil to increase production
Water depth
A measurement from the surface of the water to the bottom
Continuous
This keeps the paddy fields in submerged conditions (flooded) from transplanting up to about two weeks before harvest, when farmers terminally drain their
fields
Flooding
The temporary covering of soil with water from overflowing streams, run off from adjacent slopes, and tides
Rainfed
Applies mostly to non-irrigated semi-arid areas where short season, drought resistant crops are grown on fertile soil to make most efficient use of scarce soil
Drought
A period of insufficient rainfall for normal plant to grow; it begins when soil moisture is diminished that vegetation roots cannot absorb enough water to replace
the loss by transpiration
Jackfruit
A tropical Asian tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus) having large edible fruits, unisexual flowers, and fine-grained durable wood
Jar
A wide-mouthed container that is usually cylindrical, made by glass or earthenware, and without handles
Java plum
A tree or a shrub with globular oval smooth-skinned and dark reddish purple edible fruits shaped with oblong seeds
Knife
A cutting instrument consisting of a sharp-edged often-pointed blade of metal fitted into a handle or to a machine
Lactation
The period of milk secretion that usually begins at parturition and ends when offsprings are weaned
Ladder
Portable framework of wood, metal, or rope in the form of two long parallel members connected by several parallel steps fixed to them at right angles for
climbing up and going down
Lake
Any standing body of inland water
Land
The solid ground of the earth; a topographically or functionally distinct tract
Land owner
A person who owns land
Landless
A farmer who tills land but not owning it
Larva
The immature insect hatching from the egg; first instar of mites and ticks
Laying/Lay
To bring forth or produce and deposit (an egg)
Leaf
A flattened outgrowth from a plant stem, varied in size and shape, usually green, which is concerned primarily with the manufacture of carbohydrates called
photosynthesis
Leaf curl
Plant disease characterized by curling of the leaves
Leaf spot
Any of the various plant diseases, usually caused by fungi; characterized by dark lesions on the leaves
Leafminer
An insect which lives in the seeds upon the leaf cells between the upper and lower surfaces of a leaf
Leech
Segmented worms, flat from top to bottom, with terminal suckers used for attachments and locomotion; various species may be parasites, predators or
scavengers; most are aquatic
35

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TERM
Leek
An edible plant (Allium porrum) related to the onion and having a white, slender bulb and flat, dark-green leaves
Lemon
A spiny, Asian evergreen tree (Citrus limon) widely cultivated for its yellow, egg-shaped fruit with a yellow aromatic rind and juicy, acid pulp
Lice
Small, non-flying biting or sucking insects that are true parasites of humans, animals, and birds
Light
The form of radiant energy consisting of wave lengths lying within the limits perceptible by the normal human eyes, and by extension, the shorter and longer
wavelengths, the ultraviolet and the infrared light, invisible to the eye but which may be recorded photographically
Lightning
Luminous electric discharges usually associated with thunderstorms, but also occurring in volcanic clouds and snowstorms
Lima bean
Any of several varieties of a tropical American plant (Phaseolus limensis) having flat pods containing large, light green, edible seeds
Liming
The application of lime to land, primarily to reduce the soil acidity, reduce toxic aluminum, and supply calcium for plant growth
Load
To put (something) into or onto a structure or conveyance
Loading platform
A structure usually built along the road to facilitate loading of commodities
Locust
Any of several species of migratory grasshoppers; this pest can have devastating effects on crops in many places in the world
Log
An unhewn, sawed, or cut length of a trunk or large limb of a tree
Looper
Certain caterpillars of the family Geometridae; some species can have a looping motion when crawling
Loss
(1) Amount loss (2) The amount by which the cost of business transaction or operation exceeds the revenue
Manure
Excreta of animals, dung, and urine (usually with some bedding), used to fertilize land
Market
A place where goods and commodities are offered for sale or exchange
Mate
To pair birds or animals for breeding
Mature
Fully developed or differentiated
Meat
The edible flesh of an animal
Beef
Meat of cow
Carabeef
Meat of carabao
Chevon
Meat of goat
Mutton
Meat of sheep
Pork
Meat of swine
Melon
A tropical Asian evergreen tree (Mangifera indica) cultivated for its edible fruit; the ovoid fruit of this tree, has a smooth rind, sweet juicy flesh, and a flat one-
seeded stone; it is eaten ripe or pickled when green
Meteorite
A solid extraterrestrial body that regularly enters the earth's atmosphere and appears in the sky as shooting star
Milk
(1) The natural, whitish or cream-colored liquid discharged by the mammary glands of mammals; unless otherwise stated, milk usually means cows' milk
(2) the juices or fluids secreted by certain plants, as the milk of the coconut or the milk of the immature kernels of corn
Mite
Arachnids; very small spiders belonging to the order Acarina; this parasite constitutes a very large group living in all parts of the world as pest on both plants
and animals
Mold
Fungus distinguished by the formation of mycelium, or by spore masses, usually saprophytes; various kinds may do serious damage to fruits, hay, grain,
growing crops, and ornamental plants
Moldy
Infested by molds (fungi); designating objectionable quality due to appearance or odor, flavor, and toxicity
Mongo
An Asian plant (Vigna radiata) in the pea family, widely cultivated for its edible seeds and pods; a chief source of bean sprouts
Monsoon rain
A wind that blows fairly steadily along the Pacific Asiatic Coast; in winter, it blows from the northeast and is dry, but in summer, it blows from the southwest
and brings rain; rainy season
Month
One of the 12 divisions of the calendar year, normally a period of 4 weeks or of 30 days
Moon
The natural satellite of a planet
36

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TERM
DEFINITION
Morning
The first part of the day, ending at or around noon
Mortar
A strong vessel in which material is pounded or rubbed with a pestle
Mosaic
Viral disease that damages or kills plants, often giving the foliage a mottled appearance
Mosquito
An insect belonging to the family Culicidae; the proboscis of the female with a needle-sharp tube that pierces the skin of people or animals to suck blood
Moss
A flowerless plant intermediate in character between algae and ferns; mosses of the Tundra have a grazing value as ornamental plants and have a
commercial value for packing and rooting plants
Mound
In tillage, to head up or ridge the soil about a plant or row of plants
Mountainous
Containing many mountains
Mud
Fine-textured soil so saturated with water as to be semi fluid or in a sticky, plastic condition
Mulch
Any material that conserves water and controls weeds among others
Mushroom
Any of various fleshy fungi. of the class Basidiomycota, characteristically having an umbrella-shaped cap borne on a stalk; any of the edible kinds, as those of
the genus Agaricus
Nest
A place or structure in which birds, insects, reptiles, mice, etc" lay or give birth to young
Net farm income
Revenue and gains minus expenses and losses
NighttimelNight
The time from sunset to sunrise; night as distinct from day
Node
A place upon a stem which normally bears a leaf or leaves; the solid constriction in the culm of a grass; a knoblike enlargement
Nursery
Any place where plants, shrubs, and trees are grown either for transplanting or as grafting stocks
Onion bulb
The rounded edible bulb of onions consisting of concentric layers of white succulent leaf bases with a pungent odor and taste
Orange
Any of several Southeast Asian evergreen trees of the genus Citrus, widely cultivated in warm regions and having fragrant white flowers and round fruit with a
yellowish or reddish rind and a sectioned, pulpy interior, especially C. sinensis, the sweet orange, and C. aurantium, the Seville or sour orange
Over-ripe
(1) Over-mature or decayed to the degree that it is inedible or unmarketable (2) Too ripe for canning or shipping or for table use
Pail
A bucket, one made of wood or metal
Partnership
(1) A legal relationship of individuals who contracted to place money, effects, and labor in commerce or business with a proportional sharing of profits and
losses (2) An unincorporated business organization consisting of two or more partners
Pasture
(1) A fenced or unfenced tract of land on which farm animals feed by grazing (2) To place livestock on a field or area of grass to harvest the crop by grazing
Pasture land
Land producing forage plants principally for animal consumption
Pathway
A narrow, trodden track
Pay
To discharge a debt or obligation by giving or doing something
Payment
The sum of money paid
Pepper (bell/green)
Any herb, shrub, woody vine, or tree of the genus Piper, family Piperaceae
Pest
An insect, animal, or plant that causes injury, loss, or irritation to a crop, stored goods, an animal, or people
Pesticide
A substance used to control insect, plant, or animal pests such as insecticides, herbicides, nematocides, and rodenticides
Pestle
A club-shaped implement for pounding or grinding materials in a mortar
Pick
Tool with a handle carrying a long steel rod curved and tapering to a point at one or both ends, used for loosening soil and breaking rocks
Pig pen
Pigsty; pen for pigs
Plggery
Place where pigs are reared
Pine cone
The seed-producing cone of a pine tree
Pineapple
A tropical monocotyledonous plant (Ananas comosus of the family Bromeliaceae, the pineapple family) that has rigid spiny-margined recurved leaves and a
short stalk with a dense oblong head of small abortive flowers, the multiple fruit of the pineapple that consists of the succulent fleshy inflorescence and whose
juice is the source of the proteolytic enzyme bromelain
37

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TERM
DERNITION
Planting
Putting seeds or young plants in the ground to grow
Plot
In agricultural research, a small parcel of land, usually rectangular and of definite size, used in comparing yields of crop varieties, testing different applications
of fertilizers, comparing methods of tillage, etc.
Plow/Plough
An implement of various types, used to cut, break, or turn a soil layer in preparation for planting, seeding, or other agricultural practices
Pomelo
A tropical Southeast Asian tree (Citrus maxima) closely related to the grapefruit and having very large round fruit with thick rinds and coarse-grained pulp
Poor
Lacking financial or other means of subsistence; needy
Poultry house
A building equipped and used for housing and handling poultry
Pregnant
The condition of a female animal having a living fetus in the uterus which occurs after the ovum has been fertilized by the male sperm cell
Preserve
Preparing foods by cooking with some preservatives so as to reduce fermentation or decomposition
Price
A fee charged for something
Producer
A person or thing that produces some goods or commodities
Product
Something produced by effort
Profit
The financial returns from a business enterprise or any transaction above all costs, including both actual receipts and actual or estimated appreciation of the
capital involved
Pruning
Removing branches or twigs to control the size or shape of a plant, fruiting, or removing dead or broken branches to strengthen or improve appearance of a
plant
Rain
Precipitation in the form of water condensed from the atmosphere which falls in drops
Rainbow
A bow-shaped display in the sky of the colors of the spectrum, caused by the refraction and reflection of the sun rays through the rain or mist
Rainfall
The amount of precipitation, expressed in the form of water but including snow, sleet, and hail which falls in a given time
Rainwater
Water that falls from the atmosphere in the form of rain, at times being caught and directed into cisterns for future use
Rainy season
The season of heavy rainfall
Rake
Hand implement consisting of a row of teeth set in a head piece attached to a long shaft and used for gathering hay leaves, straw etc., or for smoothing loose
earth
Rat
A long-tailed rodent much larger than a mouse; a serious pest, it is very destructive to stored food and may carry disease
Rattan
Any of the climbing palms of the genus calamus, having tough stems used for wickerwork and canes
Ravine
A sharply cut natural depression, v-shaped in transverse profile, usually without a permanent stream in its bottom
Reaper
A machine used for reaping
Residential house
Building used as a dwelling; house
Residue
A deposit of a pesticide which persists on an exterior surface or which is absorbed by plant or animal tissue following treatment
Retail
The sale of goods individually or in small quantities to consumers
Rice
A hulled, whitened grain of palay transformed into a form suitable as human food
Newly cooked rice
Very recently cooked rice
Left-over cooked rice
Unused or unconsumed cooked rice
Improperly cooked
Not properly cooked; not well cooked
Rice bird
Any bird frequenting rice fields
Rice bran
A livestock feedstuff consisting of the pericarp or bran layer of the rice and only such quantity of hull fragments as is unavoidable in the regular milling of rice
Rice bug
Reported as the most damaging species of bugs attacking the crops in the Philippines
Rice mill
A structure used to dehull and whiten rice
Rice straw
The straw remaining after threshing rice; if well cured, it may be fed in the same manner as straw from the other cereals
38

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TERM
DEFINITION
Rice Varieties
The quality or condition of being diversified or various
High yielding
Rice varieties developed through a breeding program that posses desirable agronomic characteristics, resistance to insects and diseases, and tolerance to
environmental stresses
Commercial
Being of an average or inferior quality
Glutinous
Refers to waxy rice with only 0-2% amylose or mainly amylopectin in its endosperm and pollen starch; raw glutinous endosperm is opaque and becomes
moist, sticky, and glossy when cooked
Aromatic
Relating to, or having aroma; having a strong smell
Rice wine
Wine made of rice
Rich
Wealthy
Rind
(1) Skin of a fruit or vegetable (2) Bark of a tree
Ripening phase
Period from flowering to maturity
Riprap
Broken rock, cobbles, or boulders placed on earth surfaces such as the face of a dam or the bank of a stream, for protection against the action of water
(waves); also applied to brush or pole mattresses or brush and stone, or other similar materials used for soil erosion control
Ripe
(1) Designating mature seeds which are fit for germination (2) Designating fruit which has attained full development
River
A stream of water bearing the waste of the land from higher to lower ground, and as a rule, to the sea
Road
An open way, usually surfaced with tarmac or concrete, providing passage from one place to another
Rock
Any consolidated and relatively hard naturally formed mass of mineral matter; stone
Root
The lower portion of a plant bearing neither leaves nor reproductive organs which mostly develops underground and anchors the plant in the soil
Row
The line along which crops are arranged
Runner/Sprout
A lateral, aboveground shoot of certain plants; e.g., strawberries
Rust
Fungi which are obligate parasites on the higher classes of plants not capable of growth and development apart from their living hosts
Sack
A bag, usually large, oblong and made of burlap or other stout fabric, used for holding grains, vegetables, etc.
Sand
Any of the small, loose, granular fragments which are the remains of disintegrated rocks
Sandy
Containing a large amount of sand
Sap
The juice or fluid constituent of a plant, specially a woody plant
Sawdust
Dust and small particles of wood produced by the cutting action of saws; a by-product of the lumber and wood industries
Scab
Any of the numerous fungal or bacterial diseases of plants characterized by dark or rough, scab-like spots
Scythe
An implement used for mowing and composed of a long curving blade fastened at an angle to a long handle
Seed
The embryo of a plant, also kernels of corn, wheat etc., which botanically are seed-like fruits as they include the ovary wall
Seedbed
The upper portion of the soil prepared by natural or artificial means to receive seed and to promote germination and growth
Seeding
The act of sowing seeds
Seedling
(1) The early growth stage of a plant grown from seed as it emerges above the ground surface (2) In forestry, a tree which has not been transplanted (3) A tree
which has not yet reached a height of 3 ft (4) In horticulture, a fruit tree grown from seed which has not been budded or grafted
Sell
To dispose or to transfer to a purchaser in exchange for money
Seller
The person who sells
Share
To apportion and take shares of something
Sharpening stone
A stone used to sharpen cutting materials
Sheep
Any of the various variety of cud-chewing mammals, genus Ovis, which includes many breeds domesticated for their heavy wool, edible flesh, or skin
Shoot
(1) A stem of a plant, including the leaves (2) A young stem arising from or near the crown of the plant (3) A new leafy growth developed from a bud; sprout
Shrink
The process of reducing in dimension, weight, or volume
39
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TEAM
DEFINITION
Sickle
A sharp, curved metal blade fitted with a short handle, used for cutting weeds, grass, etc.
Sign
Something that suggests the presence or existence of a fact, condition, or quality
Sky
The apparently dome-shaped expanse extending upwards from the horizon characterized by blue or gray during the day, red in the evening, and black in the
night
Slash and Burn
Swidden; a temporary agricultural plot produced by cutting back and burning off the vegetative cover
Slaughter
(1) The butchering of cattle, sheep and other animals for food (2) To kill cattle, sheep, and other livestock for food
Bleeding
The process of removing the blood from an animal during slaughter
Blood
The fluid that carries nourishment and oxygen to all parts of the body and carries away waste products
Dehairing
The process of removing the hair from an animal during slaughter
Entrail
The visceral organ of the body, particularly the intestines
Scalding
To dip in hot water or to pour on hot liquid, as to scald a killed bird to loosen feathers
Singeing
To expose to flame to remove bristles or hair
Sled
A vehicle mounted on runners, drawn by horses or dogs, for transporting goods
Smoke
A suspension or fine solid particles in the air; it is usually produced by the incomplete combustion of a fuel
Smoking
A processing technique; form of preservation
Snail
An organism that typically possesses a coiled shell and crawls on a single muscular foot
Snake
Any of the limbless vertebrates of the order Serpentes; although a few species are poisonous, most snakes are beneficial to humans by the number of rodents
they consume
Soak
To permeate so as to wet, soften, or fill
Soil
The mineral and organic surface of the earth capable of supporting upland plants; it has been formed by the active factors of climate and biosphere exerting
their influence on passive parent material and topography over neutral time
Soil bed
A small plot of soil used for growing seedlings, vegetables, flowers and shrubs, and often raised above the level of the surrounding soil
Sour soup
A small, west Indian tree having large spiny fruit with a tart edible pulp
Spade
A long, flat, sharp-bladed, earth excavating hand tool made in several shapes used to turn over, excavate, and loosen soil in small areas
Spider
Any of various Arachnids in the order Araneida; individuals have eight legs and only two main body divisions
Spillway
A grassed waterway, channel, or structure to convey water from the stream above the reservoir into the stream below the dam
Spot
A small mark on a surface
Sprayer
A device or mechanism by means of which a solution or suspension of a material in liquid is broken up into droplets of a predetermined size range and
distributed by hydraulics, by air blast, by gravity from an airplane, or by a combination of the above
Spring
Natural flow of water from the ground
Sprinkler
A device for spraying water on plants or lawn; a sprinkling unit to a pipe or hose
Squash
The fruit of certain various tender, vine-like, annual plants of the genus CUGurbita used as a vegetable
Stalk
Petiole, peduncle, pedicel, filament, or stripe
Star
Any of the vast number of celestial objects that are visible in the clear night sky as points of light
Star fruit
A carambola; a five-angled green to yellow tropical fruit of star-shaped cross section
Steep
Having a sharp inclination; precipitous
Stem
Stalk, trunk, branch of a plant that can be vertical or horizontal
Internode
The portion of a stem or other structure between two nodes
Tiller
An erect shoot arising from the crown of a grass
Stem cutting
Any part of a stem used for plant propagation, usually of three general types of wood (a) softwood or green cutting taken from a plant while in leaf, the stem
being succulent (b) hardwood cutting, taken from the leafless, dormant plant (c) semi-hardwood cutting, intermediate between softwood and hardwood cuttings
40

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TERM
StemlTrunk
Stalk, trunk, branch of a plant
Storage
(1) Placing or holding in reserve in usable form and condition, as the storage of nutrients by plants in roots, for future use (2) The holding of products for future
sale or use, as in a granary, root cellar, cold storage, warehouse, etc.
Store
To keep, set aside, or accumulate for future use
String bean
A kind of bean grown in the lowlands
Sucker
A secondary shoot which develops from the root, crown, or stem of a plant
Sugarcane
Atall tropical Southeast Asian grass (Saccharum officinarum) having thick, solid, tough stems that are a chief commercial source of sugar
Sugarcane mill
A structure used for milling sugarcane
Sun
The source of heat and light for the planets in the solar system; a star
Sunflower
Plant which have tall thick stems, large flower heads with yellow rays
Sunny
Full of or exposed to sunlight
Sunrise
The daily appearance of the sun above the horizon
Sunset
The daily disappearance of the sun below the horizon
Supply
(1) To furnish something that is required (2)The amount of commodity that producers are willing and able to offer for sale at a specified price
Sweetpotato
Locally known as camote; it is an annual root crop which comes in yellow, violet, and white varieties
Swine
Domesticated mammals grown for their edible flesh and fat, for their hides and for their bristles; also called hog or pig
Barrow
A male pig castrated before sexual maturity
Boar
Male swine under one year of age
Gilt
A name for a young female pig until it produces its first offspring
Litter
A group of young animals born at a single birth, as a litter of pigs, etc.
Piglet
A young pig of either sex
Sow
A female swine usually one that shows evidence of having produced pigs or one that is obviously pregnant
Suckling
The young mammals being nursed by the female; un-weaned animals
Symptom
A perceptible change in any part of the body which indicates disease; a sign, mark, or indication
Tamarind
A tropical Asian evergreen tree (Tamarindus indica) having pinnately compound leaves, pale yellow flowers, and long pods containing small seeds embedded
in an edible pulp
Taro
A widely cultivated tropical Asian root crop (Colocasia esculenta) having broad leaves and a large starchy edible tuber
Tenant
A farmer who rents or leases land from another person, or one who works on sharing system
Thinning
The removal of plants in a stand to reduce crowding
Thresh
The process of separating the grain or seed from its straw and chaff
Thunder
A loud cracking or deep rumbling noise caused by the rapid expansion of the atmospheric gasses caused suddenly by lightning
Tick
Any of various blood- sucking arachnids which fasten themselves to warm-blooded animals
Tillage
The mechanical manipulation of soil for any purpose; but in agriculture, it is usually restricted to modifying soil condition for crop production
Plow
To turn, break up, or work with a plow
Harrowing
Turning the soil into a muddy or watertight paste through secondary tillage
Lengthwise
Harrowing alongside the whole length of the paddy
Crosswise
Harrowing across the whole length of the paddy
Levelling
Flattening
Dryland method
Plowing and harrowing the field when the soil is dry or not saturated with water
I.
Wetland method
Preparing the soil by plowing of lowland fields and harrowing the soil in a saturated or flooded condition
41

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TERM
DEFINITION
Plastering the dike
The process by which mud is plastered along the levee to cover weeds or holes
Decomposition
The breaking down of minerals and rocks by chemical weathering
Tip burn
Any disease of plants caused by environment or other factors in which the margins and tips of the leaves burn or turn brown
Toxic
Poisonous
Trader
A person who engages in trade; dealer; merchant
Trading post
A general store established for commercial purposes
Trail
A pathway made either by repeated passage of people or animals or constructed for easier passage
Transplanting
To transfer seedlings from the seedbed and set them in the ground
Random
Without definite aim, direction, or rule of method
Straight row
Hills and rows of crops have specific distances in straight lines
Spacing/Distance
Planting at intervals
Guide/Marker
Guide to or direct a way or course
Seedling
The stage of the plant after seed germination until the development of the 5th leaf
Tillering
The production of shoots from the crown of plant; stooling
Alleyway
A space between crops as a passageway
Replanting
The process of replacing dead plants or missing hills usually within seven days after transplanting
Transport
To convey crops or animals from one place to another
TreatmenVTreat
To care for sick animal by giving it proper attention and medication
Trowel
A short-handled tool having a relatively narrow, concave, and pointed blade
Tuber
Thickened or swollen underground branch or stolon with numerous buds (eyes)
Turkey
A large native American bird, now largely domesticated and raved for its delicious white meat
Poult
A young turkey with undetermined sex
Tom/Gobbler
A mature male turkey
Turkey hen
A mature female turkey
Twig
A shoot of a woody plant representing the growth of the current season
Typhoon
A small violent tropical storm or cyclone
Unripe
Not mature
Variety
A group of related plants or animals which differs from other similar group by characters too trivial or inconstant to be recognized as a species, often any
category of lower rank than a species
Warehouse
Place where goods are stored prior to their use, distribution, or sale
Wash
Cleaning of crops or produce with water
Water
Clear, colorless, tasteless, odorless liquid essential for plant and animal life that constitutes, in impure form, rain, oceans, rivers, lakes, etc.
Water cress
A perennial cruciferous herb (Nasturtium officina/e) growing usually in clear running or spring water; the leaves are used as vegetables
Water fall
A cascade of falling water
Water pump
A device that raises, transfers, or compresses water
Watering
Furnishing water for the consumption of plants or animals
Watering can
A container with a handle and a spout with a perforated nozzle used to sprinkle water over plants
Watermelon
A tropical, tender, annual, herbaceous vine of almost innumerable varieties, grown as an important cash crop
WeaninglWean
To make a young animal cease to depend on its mother's milk
42

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TERM
DEFINITION
Weather
The atmospheric condition prevailing at any specified time and place, or prevailing during any particular period, as shown by meteorological observations and
records of velocity, humidity, clouds, and precipitation
Weed
A plant out of place; more popularly an herbaceous plant which takes possession. of fallow fields or found its way into lawns or planted .fields, crowding the
vegetation and robbing it of moisture and nutrients
Week
A period of seven consecutive days, usually beginning with Sunday
Weevil
Any of the several beetles of the family Curculionidae, which has mouth parts at the end of the more-or-Iess prolonged snout and eat plants and seeds; a pest
Weigh
To measure the weight
Weighing scale
An instrument or machine used for weighing
Weight
A measure of the heaviness of an object; the amount anything weighs
Well
Water well established by hand tools, powered augers, or auger buckets in rock free soil
Wheel barrow
A simple vehicle for carrying small loads, typically being an open container supported by a wheel at the front and two legs behind
Whirlwind
A windstorm rapidly rotating inward and upward spiral motion of the air, covering a very small area; it is often seen on hot summer days, especially on open or
prairie land
White flowered gourd
Another kind of herbaceous tendril-bearing vines
Wholesale
Selling goods to retailers in large quantities purchased from manufacturers
WiltingIWilt
Loss of freshness and a drooping of the foliage of a plant due to an inadequate supply of moisture, excessive transpiration, and as a result of a disease
Wind
The horizontal movement of air on and above the earth's surface
Windy
Characterized by, resembling, or relating to wind; stormy
Winged bean
An Asian twining legume cultivated in warm regions for its edible high protein
Winnow
To remove (as chaff) by a current of air
Winnower
A device or tool for winnowing
Wire
A slender thread of metal, unusually flexible, which may be used for such purposes as to carry electric current, tie bales, construct fences, and make
temporary repairs on machinery
World
The place as a planet, including its inhabitants and everything that is in it
Yam bean
A widely cultivated Eurasian plant (Brassica rapa) of the mustard family, having a large fleshy edible yellow or white root
Yard
The ground immediately surrounding a dwelling
Year
The calendar year, containing 365 days or in a leap year, 366 days
Yield
The quantity of an aggregate products resulting from cultivation or growth
Yoke
A variously shaped wooden frame placed on the necks of two oxen to work them together as a team
43

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APPENDIX B
VALIDATION WORKSHOP
February 3-4, 2005
ATI-CAR, BSU Compound
La Trinidad 2601 Benguet
Bontoc:
1. Mr. Frederick Waclet- MAO, Bontoc, Mt. Province
Kankana-ey:
1. Mr. Crispolo S. Tandoc- MAO, Bakun, Benguet
2. Mr. Antero P. William- MAO, Kabayan, Benguet
Ibaloi:
3. Mr. Delfin D. Rufino- LGU, Buguias, Benguet
1. Ms. Josephine C. Apili- MAO, Kapangan, Benguet
4. Mr. Fred V. Rufino- MAO, Atok, Benguet
2. Mr. Roger P. Catayao- LGU, Itogon, Benguet
5. Ms. Lucille Mang-oy- BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet
3. Mr. Manuel O. Carias- MAO, Buguias, Benguet
Tagalog:
I1ocano:
1. Dr. Leoncia Tandang- BSU, La Trinidad, Benguet
1. Mr. Esteban Reboldela- LGU, Sablan, Benguet
2. Dr. Esther Hufana- UC, Baguio City 2600
Tingguian:
1. Ms. Marcelina Bahatan- BIR, La Trinidad
Isnag:
1. Ms. Berthilyn Ballesteros- LGU, Apayao
2. Ms. Meriam Basilag- LGU, Apayao
Tuwali:
3. Ms. Marcelina Aridao- LGU, Apayao
1. Mr. Raymund Bahatan- Provincial Agriculturist, Ifugao
45

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Document Outline

• GLOSSARY OF AGRICULTURAL TERMS IN THE CORDILLERA
  • MESSAGE
  • FREFACE
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
  • INFORMATION AB0UT THE AUTHORS
  • CONTENTS
  • THE CORDILLERA AGRICULTURAL TERMS
    • Al-Be
    • Be-Ca
    • Ca-Cl
    • Cl-Da
    • Da-Dr
    • Dr-Ex
    • Ho-Fl
    • Fl-Go
    • Gr-Hi
    • Ho-La
    • La-Me
    • Me-Ni
    • No-Pe
    • Pr-Ri
    • Ri-Sa
    • Sa-Sl
    • Sl-St
    • St-Th
    • Th-Tr
    • Tr-We
    • We-Yo
  • REFERENCES
  • Appendices
  • IMG_0032
  • TERM DEFINITIONS
  • COVER BACK

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