Daoas, S. A. (1984). A survey and classification of...
Daoas, S. A. (1984). A survey and classification of commonly used medicinal
plants found in Sagada, Mountain Province. (Unpublished master’s
thesis). Baguio City: Baguio Colleges of Foundation.
Physical location: University of the Cordilleras Library, Baguio City
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of the study was to conduct a survey and classification
of medicinal plants found in Sagada, Mountain Province.
The findings of the investigation answered the problems raised in Chapter
which are as follows:
1. What are the plants being used by the people of Sagada, Mountain
Province to treat various ailments?
2. What are the morphological characteristics of these plants?
3. What are the phonological characteristics exhibited by these
plants?
4. How are these plants utilized by the people of Sagada, Mountain
Province?
5. How are these medicinal plants administered by the people of
Sagada?
In summarizing the findings, only the more if not most, relevant items
are presented.
What are the plants being used by the people of Sagada, Mountain
Province to treat various ailments? There are one hundred twenty plants
mentioned by the mangag-agas of Sagada as valuable in the treatment of
various ailments. These plants are classified under the family they belong to. The
tracheophytes topped the list with sixty-four families containing nine families of
ferns and its allies, one family belongs to Gymnospermae and fifty-four families
belong to Angiospermae. Two (2) representative genera of the Thallophytes were
identified and classified. Under each grouping are the following plants:
I. Thallophytes: Fungi, Auricularia spp ; Lichen, Usnea spp
II. Pteridophyta: Family adiantaceae, Onychium siliculosum Desv. ; Family
Equiseracea, Equisetum ramosissimum dest. ; Family Lindsaceae, Sphenomeris
chinensis (L) Maxon ; Family Lycopediaceae, Lycopodium Cernuum L. ; Family
Oleandracea, Nephrolopia cordifolia L. : Family Polypodraceae, Crypsinus
taeiatus (Sw.) Ching, Pyrrosia spp. ; Family Pteridaceae, Pteris mutilate L. ;
Family Selaginellaceae, Selaginella tamariscina L.
III. Spermatophyta: Gymnospermae, Family Pinaceae, Pinus Insularia
Endl. ; Andiospermae, Family Amaryllidaceae, Agave cantula Roxb. ; Family
Araceae, Cyrtosperma mekushii (hassk.) Schott, Pistia Stratiotes L. ; Family
Cannaceae, Canna indica L. ; Family Commelinaceae, Commelina benghalensis
L., Commelina diffusa Burm. f. ; Family Cyperacea, Cyperus brevifolius L.,
Cyperus kyllingia L., Cyperus rotundus L. ; Family Dioscoreaceae, Dioscorea
alata L., Dioscorea hispida Dennst., Dioscorea esculenta (lour.) Burkill ; Family
Graminae, Cois lachrymal-jobi L., Themeda Triandria Forsk., Zea mays L.,
Eleusine indica L., Imperata cylindrical (L.) Beau v. va. Koenigii (Retz.) Benth.,
Saccharum officinarum L. ; Family hydrocharitacea, ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers. ;
Family Liliceae, Allium ascalonicum L.., Allium odorum L.., Allium sativum L.,
Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC. ; Family Musacea, Musa paradisiacal L., Family
Poacea, Oryzawa sativum L., Family Zingiberacea, Corcuma longa L.,
Hedychium coronarium Koenig, kaempferia galangal L., Zingiber officinale Rosc.
; Family Agavaceae, Cordyline fruticosa L., Family Amaranthaceae, Achyranthes
aspera L., Family Apocynacea, parameria barbata (Blum.) k. Schum. ; Family
Boraginaceae, Ehretia microphyllia Lam., Symphytum officinale L. ; Family
Capriforiaceae, Sambucus javanica ; Family Caricaceae, Carica papaya L.;
Family Combretaceae, Terminalia catappa L. ; Family Compositae, Ageartum
conyzoides L., Artemisia capillaries Thumb., Artemisia vulgaris L., Bidens pilosa
L., Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC., Centipeda minima (L.) BA. Br. & Aschers,
Chrysanthemum indicum L., Elephantopus scaber L., Erigeron sumatrensis
Retz., Helianthus annuus L., Pseudolenohantopus spicatus (Juss.) Bohr.,
Vernonia patula (Dry.) Merr., Wedelin chinensis (Osbeck) Merss. ; Family
Convulvulaceae, Ipomoea batatas L.; Family Crassulaceae, Kalanchoe pinnata
(Imk.) Pers. ; Family Cruciferae, Nasturtium officianale R. Br. ; Family
Cucurbitaceae, Curcuma maxima Duchesne ; Family Druseraceae, Drusera
peltata Sm. ; Family Ebenaceae, Diospyrus kaki L. ; Family Ericaceae,
Gaultheria leucocarpa Blm. Var/ . leucocarpa form cumingiana (Vid.) Sleum. ;
Family Euphorbiaceae, Euphorbia hirta L., Jatropa curcas L., Jatropha multifida
L., Manibot esculenta Crantz., Ricinus communis L. ; Family Labiatae, Hyptis
suaveolens (L.) Poirr. ; Family Leguminosae, Caesalpimia cepiaria Roxb., Cassia
occidentalis L., Erythrina variegate L. var. Orientalis (L.) Merr., Gliricida sepium
(Jaq.) Steud., Glycine max L. ; Indigofera tictoria L., Phaseolus lunatus L.,
Phaseouls radiatus L. ; Family Loganiaceae, Buddleja asiatica Lour. ; Family
Lythraceae, Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. ; Family Malvaceae, Hibiscus
rosasinensis L., Urena lobata L. ; Family Menispermaceae, Arcangelisa flava (l.)
Merr., Tinospora crispa L. ; Family Moraceae, Morus alba L. ; Family
Myristaceae, Persea Americana Mill., Family Myrtaceae, Eucalyptus teretecorni
Sm., Psidium guajava L. ; Family Onagraceae, Ludwiga adscendens (L.) Hara. ;
Family Passifloreceae, Passiflora edulis Sims. ; Family Piperaceae, Peperomia
pellucida (L.) HBK. ; Family Pittosporaceae, Pittosporum pentandrum (Blanco)
Merr., Pittosporum resiniferum Hemsl. ; Family Polygonaceae, Polygonum
hydropiper L., Family Pontederaceae, Eichnornia crassiper (Mart.) Solm. ; Family
Portulacaeceae, Portulaca olearaceae L. ; Family Rosaceae, Erioborta japonica
L., Rosa lucine, Rubus rosaefolius Sm. ; Family Rubiaceae, Gardenia
jasminoides Ellis., Prenna odorata L.; Family Rutaceae, Citrus mitis Blanco ;
Family Scrophulariaceae, Lindermia crustacea (L.) F. Seull. ; Family
Serraceniaceae, hephrolepsis alata L. ; Family Solanaceae, Brugmansia
suaveolens (Humb. Et. Bonpl.) Steud. Capsicum frutescens L., Solanum nigrum
L., Solanum torvum Sor. ; Family Tiliaceae, Triumfetta bartramia L. ; Family
Umbelliferae, Centela asiatica (L.) Urban ; Family Urticaceae, Memorialis hirta
Wedd., Piptorus arboresces (Link.) C.B.Rob.
What are the morphological characteristics of these plants? What are the
phonological characteristics exhibited by these plants? The answer to these two
questions can be presented again at this point but to avoid duplication, the
researcher feels it unnecessary to give morphological and phonological
characteristics of these plants because they were completely presented in
Chapter 4.
How are these plants utilized by the people of Sagada, Mountain
Province? The study revealed six methods used by the mangag-agas in the
preparation of the medicinal plants. These are decoction, infusion, poultice,
cataplasm, extracts and syrups. The most common method employed by the
mangag-agas in the preparation of the plant is decoction. Specific parts of the
plants are utilized by the mangag-agas in the treatment of various ailments.
These parts are the leaves, stems, bark, flowers, fruits, roots and seeds.
Sometimes the whole plant is utilized in the preparation of the drug material. The
most commonly used parts as revealed in the study are the leaves and roots of
the plant.
How are these medicinal plants administered by the people of Sagada,
Mountain Province? There are various methods in which the mangag-agas
administered plant medicinal preparations. The medicinal preparation of the plant
was administered by drinking the decoction and infusion, eating the medicinal
preparation raw or cooked, applying directly as poultice or cataplasm on the part,
chewing the drug preparation of the plant, and washing the area affected with the
infusion or decoction of the drug material.
Conclusions
The identification of medicinal plant is very basic in the study of medicinal
plants, or of any plant for that matter. Researches and experiments on the
curative power of plants have to start from the identification of plants with
purported medicinal value(s). A correct identification and classification of plants
with medicinal value therefore, is valuable not only to ongoing researches but to
the health and economic condition of the people.
It is important to the health of the people because a plant often has a
various names and incorrect identification by the people might bring about
serious illness or even death to those concerned. The economic value of this
plant is obvious, since they grows almost everywhere. They are easily obtained
and cultivated thereby giving an instant source of drug or medicine for treating
various ailments.
The mangag-agas, too, may contribute new knowledge as to the value of
some plants which are still unknown to some botanists of today.
In the light of the findings, the following conclusions were drawn:
1. That there are one hundred twenty identified and classified plants with
medicinal value found in Sagada, Mountain Province. These plants are
classified into their respective classes and families. There are sixty-four
families of Tracheophytes and two genera of Thallophytes. That these
plants are utilized by the mangag-agas and the residents of Sagada,
Mountain Province in treating various ailments.
2. That there are more flowering plants than non-flowering plants identified in
the collection
3. That these plants exhibit different flowering periods and most of them are
distributed throughout the Philippines.
4. That the most commonly used method of preparing the medicinal plant is
the decoction. These plant preparations are either taken orally or applied
externally in their raw or cooked form and the most commonly used parts f
the plant are the leaves and the roots.
5. That the medicinal administration is done by drinking, eating, chewing,
rubbing and applying the medicinal preparation externally directly over the
affected area.
Recommendations
Based on the finding and conclusion arrived at in this study, the following
are highly recommended for consideration and implementation:
1. There must be a chemical analysis of the plants presented in this
study to confirm or disprove the claims of the mangag-agas that
such a plant or part of such plant is good for a particular ailment.
2. Further researches should be conducted on the preparation and
administration of medicinal plants, their localization and distribution
in the plant body.
3. Scientific experiments be conducted to determine the active
constituents of the Philippine medicinal plants, their localization and
distribution in the plant body.
4. The physical and chemical conditions favorable for the cultivation
and propagation of medicinal plants be determined.
5. There must be a sustaining awareness and interest on the
importance of medicinal plants among the people.
6. There should be no communication gap between scientific
medicinal practitioners and herbal community healers on the proper
and effective use of medicinal plants.
7. Local healers should be informed of the real and correct medicinal
uses of plants and their proper methods of preparation and
administration to eliminate unfounded and ineffective methods
adhered to by the local healers.
8. There should be more manuals and publications especially
illustrated ones prepared and available to the masses.
9. The educational drive started by the Ministry of Health should
continue and be intensified to cover all the areas of Sagada and the
whole of Mountain Province.
10.Histochemical studies should be done to determine the localization
of the medicinal principles of these plants and therefore establish
the reason for a certain plant/part(s) being specifically effective for
a certain ailment.
11.Finally, the study of Philippine medicinal plants should be
incorporated in biological subjects, specifically Botany. In this way,
the students could be instrumental in disseminating information
concerning the use and importance of medicinal plants.
plants found in Sagada, Mountain Province. (Unpublished master’s
thesis). Baguio City: Baguio Colleges of Foundation.
Physical location: University of the Cordilleras Library, Baguio City
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of the study was to conduct a survey and classification
of medicinal plants found in Sagada, Mountain Province.
The findings of the investigation answered the problems raised in Chapter
which are as follows:
1. What are the plants being used by the people of Sagada, Mountain
Province to treat various ailments?
2. What are the morphological characteristics of these plants?
3. What are the phonological characteristics exhibited by these
plants?
4. How are these plants utilized by the people of Sagada, Mountain
Province?
5. How are these medicinal plants administered by the people of
Sagada?
In summarizing the findings, only the more if not most, relevant items
are presented.
What are the plants being used by the people of Sagada, Mountain
Province to treat various ailments? There are one hundred twenty plants
mentioned by the mangag-agas of Sagada as valuable in the treatment of
various ailments. These plants are classified under the family they belong to. The
tracheophytes topped the list with sixty-four families containing nine families of
ferns and its allies, one family belongs to Gymnospermae and fifty-four families
belong to Angiospermae. Two (2) representative genera of the Thallophytes were
identified and classified. Under each grouping are the following plants:
I. Thallophytes: Fungi, Auricularia spp ; Lichen, Usnea spp
II. Pteridophyta: Family adiantaceae, Onychium siliculosum Desv. ; Family
Equiseracea, Equisetum ramosissimum dest. ; Family Lindsaceae, Sphenomeris
chinensis (L) Maxon ; Family Lycopediaceae, Lycopodium Cernuum L. ; Family
Oleandracea, Nephrolopia cordifolia L. : Family Polypodraceae, Crypsinus
taeiatus (Sw.) Ching, Pyrrosia spp. ; Family Pteridaceae, Pteris mutilate L. ;
Family Selaginellaceae, Selaginella tamariscina L.
III. Spermatophyta: Gymnospermae, Family Pinaceae, Pinus Insularia
Endl. ; Andiospermae, Family Amaryllidaceae, Agave cantula Roxb. ; Family
Araceae, Cyrtosperma mekushii (hassk.) Schott, Pistia Stratiotes L. ; Family
Cannaceae, Canna indica L. ; Family Commelinaceae, Commelina benghalensis
L., Commelina diffusa Burm. f. ; Family Cyperacea, Cyperus brevifolius L.,
Cyperus kyllingia L., Cyperus rotundus L. ; Family Dioscoreaceae, Dioscorea
alata L., Dioscorea hispida Dennst., Dioscorea esculenta (lour.) Burkill ; Family
Graminae, Cois lachrymal-jobi L., Themeda Triandria Forsk., Zea mays L.,
Eleusine indica L., Imperata cylindrical (L.) Beau v. va. Koenigii (Retz.) Benth.,
Saccharum officinarum L. ; Family hydrocharitacea, ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers. ;
Family Liliceae, Allium ascalonicum L.., Allium odorum L.., Allium sativum L.,
Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC. ; Family Musacea, Musa paradisiacal L., Family
Poacea, Oryzawa sativum L., Family Zingiberacea, Corcuma longa L.,
Hedychium coronarium Koenig, kaempferia galangal L., Zingiber officinale Rosc.
; Family Agavaceae, Cordyline fruticosa L., Family Amaranthaceae, Achyranthes
aspera L., Family Apocynacea, parameria barbata (Blum.) k. Schum. ; Family
Boraginaceae, Ehretia microphyllia Lam., Symphytum officinale L. ; Family
Capriforiaceae, Sambucus javanica ; Family Caricaceae, Carica papaya L.;
Family Combretaceae, Terminalia catappa L. ; Family Compositae, Ageartum
conyzoides L., Artemisia capillaries Thumb., Artemisia vulgaris L., Bidens pilosa
L., Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC., Centipeda minima (L.) BA. Br. & Aschers,
Chrysanthemum indicum L., Elephantopus scaber L., Erigeron sumatrensis
Retz., Helianthus annuus L., Pseudolenohantopus spicatus (Juss.) Bohr.,
Vernonia patula (Dry.) Merr., Wedelin chinensis (Osbeck) Merss. ; Family
Convulvulaceae, Ipomoea batatas L.; Family Crassulaceae, Kalanchoe pinnata
(Imk.) Pers. ; Family Cruciferae, Nasturtium officianale R. Br. ; Family
Cucurbitaceae, Curcuma maxima Duchesne ; Family Druseraceae, Drusera
peltata Sm. ; Family Ebenaceae, Diospyrus kaki L. ; Family Ericaceae,
Gaultheria leucocarpa Blm. Var/ . leucocarpa form cumingiana (Vid.) Sleum. ;
Family Euphorbiaceae, Euphorbia hirta L., Jatropa curcas L., Jatropha multifida
L., Manibot esculenta Crantz., Ricinus communis L. ; Family Labiatae, Hyptis
suaveolens (L.) Poirr. ; Family Leguminosae, Caesalpimia cepiaria Roxb., Cassia
occidentalis L., Erythrina variegate L. var. Orientalis (L.) Merr., Gliricida sepium
(Jaq.) Steud., Glycine max L. ; Indigofera tictoria L., Phaseolus lunatus L.,
Phaseouls radiatus L. ; Family Loganiaceae, Buddleja asiatica Lour. ; Family
Lythraceae, Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. ; Family Malvaceae, Hibiscus
rosasinensis L., Urena lobata L. ; Family Menispermaceae, Arcangelisa flava (l.)
Merr., Tinospora crispa L. ; Family Moraceae, Morus alba L. ; Family
Myristaceae, Persea Americana Mill., Family Myrtaceae, Eucalyptus teretecorni
Sm., Psidium guajava L. ; Family Onagraceae, Ludwiga adscendens (L.) Hara. ;
Family Passifloreceae, Passiflora edulis Sims. ; Family Piperaceae, Peperomia
pellucida (L.) HBK. ; Family Pittosporaceae, Pittosporum pentandrum (Blanco)
Merr., Pittosporum resiniferum Hemsl. ; Family Polygonaceae, Polygonum
hydropiper L., Family Pontederaceae, Eichnornia crassiper (Mart.) Solm. ; Family
Portulacaeceae, Portulaca olearaceae L. ; Family Rosaceae, Erioborta japonica
L., Rosa lucine, Rubus rosaefolius Sm. ; Family Rubiaceae, Gardenia
jasminoides Ellis., Prenna odorata L.; Family Rutaceae, Citrus mitis Blanco ;
Family Scrophulariaceae, Lindermia crustacea (L.) F. Seull. ; Family
Serraceniaceae, hephrolepsis alata L. ; Family Solanaceae, Brugmansia
suaveolens (Humb. Et. Bonpl.) Steud. Capsicum frutescens L., Solanum nigrum
L., Solanum torvum Sor. ; Family Tiliaceae, Triumfetta bartramia L. ; Family
Umbelliferae, Centela asiatica (L.) Urban ; Family Urticaceae, Memorialis hirta
Wedd., Piptorus arboresces (Link.) C.B.Rob.
What are the morphological characteristics of these plants? What are the
phonological characteristics exhibited by these plants? The answer to these two
questions can be presented again at this point but to avoid duplication, the
researcher feels it unnecessary to give morphological and phonological
characteristics of these plants because they were completely presented in
Chapter 4.
How are these plants utilized by the people of Sagada, Mountain
Province? The study revealed six methods used by the mangag-agas in the
preparation of the medicinal plants. These are decoction, infusion, poultice,
cataplasm, extracts and syrups. The most common method employed by the
mangag-agas in the preparation of the plant is decoction. Specific parts of the
plants are utilized by the mangag-agas in the treatment of various ailments.
These parts are the leaves, stems, bark, flowers, fruits, roots and seeds.
Sometimes the whole plant is utilized in the preparation of the drug material. The
most commonly used parts as revealed in the study are the leaves and roots of
the plant.
How are these medicinal plants administered by the people of Sagada,
Mountain Province? There are various methods in which the mangag-agas
administered plant medicinal preparations. The medicinal preparation of the plant
was administered by drinking the decoction and infusion, eating the medicinal
preparation raw or cooked, applying directly as poultice or cataplasm on the part,
chewing the drug preparation of the plant, and washing the area affected with the
infusion or decoction of the drug material.
Conclusions
The identification of medicinal plant is very basic in the study of medicinal
plants, or of any plant for that matter. Researches and experiments on the
curative power of plants have to start from the identification of plants with
purported medicinal value(s). A correct identification and classification of plants
with medicinal value therefore, is valuable not only to ongoing researches but to
the health and economic condition of the people.
It is important to the health of the people because a plant often has a
various names and incorrect identification by the people might bring about
serious illness or even death to those concerned. The economic value of this
plant is obvious, since they grows almost everywhere. They are easily obtained
and cultivated thereby giving an instant source of drug or medicine for treating
various ailments.
The mangag-agas, too, may contribute new knowledge as to the value of
some plants which are still unknown to some botanists of today.
In the light of the findings, the following conclusions were drawn:
1. That there are one hundred twenty identified and classified plants with
medicinal value found in Sagada, Mountain Province. These plants are
classified into their respective classes and families. There are sixty-four
families of Tracheophytes and two genera of Thallophytes. That these
plants are utilized by the mangag-agas and the residents of Sagada,
Mountain Province in treating various ailments.
2. That there are more flowering plants than non-flowering plants identified in
the collection
3. That these plants exhibit different flowering periods and most of them are
distributed throughout the Philippines.
4. That the most commonly used method of preparing the medicinal plant is
the decoction. These plant preparations are either taken orally or applied
externally in their raw or cooked form and the most commonly used parts f
the plant are the leaves and the roots.
5. That the medicinal administration is done by drinking, eating, chewing,
rubbing and applying the medicinal preparation externally directly over the
affected area.
Recommendations
Based on the finding and conclusion arrived at in this study, the following
are highly recommended for consideration and implementation:
1. There must be a chemical analysis of the plants presented in this
study to confirm or disprove the claims of the mangag-agas that
such a plant or part of such plant is good for a particular ailment.
2. Further researches should be conducted on the preparation and
administration of medicinal plants, their localization and distribution
in the plant body.
3. Scientific experiments be conducted to determine the active
constituents of the Philippine medicinal plants, their localization and
distribution in the plant body.
4. The physical and chemical conditions favorable for the cultivation
and propagation of medicinal plants be determined.
5. There must be a sustaining awareness and interest on the
importance of medicinal plants among the people.
6. There should be no communication gap between scientific
medicinal practitioners and herbal community healers on the proper
and effective use of medicinal plants.
7. Local healers should be informed of the real and correct medicinal
uses of plants and their proper methods of preparation and
administration to eliminate unfounded and ineffective methods
adhered to by the local healers.
8. There should be more manuals and publications especially
illustrated ones prepared and available to the masses.
9. The educational drive started by the Ministry of Health should
continue and be intensified to cover all the areas of Sagada and the
whole of Mountain Province.
10.Histochemical studies should be done to determine the localization
of the medicinal principles of these plants and therefore establish
the reason for a certain plant/part(s) being specifically effective for
a certain ailment.
11.Finally, the study of Philippine medicinal plants should be
incorporated in biological subjects, specifically Botany. In this way,
the students could be instrumental in disseminating information
concerning the use and importance of medicinal plants.