Lackias, E. J. L. S. (2010). The elements affecting the...
Lackias, E. J. L. S. (2010). The elements affecting the lexicon development of
the Ibaloi language. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Baguio City:
University of the Cordilleras.
Physical location: University of the Cordilleras Library, Baguio City
ABSTRACT
Ibaloi is one of the major dialects in the southeastern part of Benguet,
more particularly in the municipalities of Kabayan, Bokod, Sablan, Tublay, La
Trinidad, Tuba, Itogon, Kapangan, Baguio and Atok. The speakers have different
ways of utilizing the Ibaloi lexicon and for this reason the researcher identified the
elements that influence the development of such.
The study is about the development of the Ibaloi language. The
researcher adopted the descriptive method where she described and analyzed
past events, truthful integration of the relationship between and among people,
events and places. These are for the purpose of understanding the past and
present variations of the Ibaloi language.
The problems answered by the researcher through this study are the
following:
1. What are the major elements that affect the lexical-morphological
variations in the Ibaloi language?
2. How do the major elements influence the Ibaloi lexicon un the Ibaloi
speech communities in Benguet?
3. What Ibaloi lexicon has been developed based on the lexical-
morphological processes of variations?
Findings
Through the research interviews and observations, the researcher
presents the following results and findings as answers to the previously raised
questions:
1. Lexical-morphological variations in the Ibaloi language are affected by
many elements which are the following:
a. settlement/location
b. origin and history
c. migration/ mobility
d. social interaction
e. intermarriage
f. linguistics/ geographic boundaries
g. colonizers and explorers
h. transformation in lifestyle like technologies, new concepts and
products
2. The major element that influence the Ibaloi lexicon in the Ibaloi speech
communities in Benguet are:
a. shifting
b. code mixing / relixification
c. borrowing or loanword
d. neo coinage / neologism
e. stress shift
f. affixation
3. The Ibaloi lexicon that has been developed based on the lexical-
morphological processes of variation are the following:
a. products like shampoo – pantene, rejoice, vaseline…
b. soap – safeguard, palmolive…
c. technology – computer, cellphone…
d. words for modern machines like dugan (general), taxi, train,
eroplano…
e. words pertaining to adapted goods of foreign countries – coffee,
cacao, canned goods (sardines, cornbeef)…
f. words for vegetables like cabbage, carots, coli flower…
g. Ibaloi lexicon is also replete with borrowed Spanish words like:
1. name of the days – Dunes, Martes, Miyerkules, Hwebes,
Biyernes
2. months – Enero, Pebrero, Marso, Abril, Mayo …
Conclusions
The Ibaloi lexicon is indeed developing and changing to adopt itself to the
changing world. Based on the findings, the following are the conclusion of this
research:
1. There are different elements that affect the lexical morphological
variations of the Ibaloi language.
2. There are different elements that influence the Ibaloi lexicon of the Ibaloi
language.
3. There are Ibaloi lexicon that has been developed based on the lexical-
morphological processes of variation
Recommendations
Aside from the elements that affect the lexicon development of the Ibaloi
language, future researchers can also conduct studies on the following:
1. The variation of the intonation, pronunciation, enunciation and stress of
the Ibaloi language. Attempt to discover the elements that affect these
variations.
Mountain Province already instigated their anthology of the teachings of
their ancestors to preserve their identity and culture focused on proverbs, idioms,
and Expressions. Future researchers can also focus their study on Benguet
teachings about proverbs, idioms and expressions used by the people before
especially those that are almost forgotten.
2. To be aware of the significance of a certain dialect like Ibaloi, future
researchers may attempt to identify the synonymy, metonymy and
hyponymy, polsemy and homonymy of the Ibaloi language.
3. Compare and contrast the grammar structure of the Ibaloi language to
English all the way through the support of interviews and anthology of the
Ibalois.
the Ibaloi language. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Baguio City:
University of the Cordilleras.
Physical location: University of the Cordilleras Library, Baguio City
ABSTRACT
Ibaloi is one of the major dialects in the southeastern part of Benguet,
more particularly in the municipalities of Kabayan, Bokod, Sablan, Tublay, La
Trinidad, Tuba, Itogon, Kapangan, Baguio and Atok. The speakers have different
ways of utilizing the Ibaloi lexicon and for this reason the researcher identified the
elements that influence the development of such.
The study is about the development of the Ibaloi language. The
researcher adopted the descriptive method where she described and analyzed
past events, truthful integration of the relationship between and among people,
events and places. These are for the purpose of understanding the past and
present variations of the Ibaloi language.
The problems answered by the researcher through this study are the
following:
1. What are the major elements that affect the lexical-morphological
variations in the Ibaloi language?
2. How do the major elements influence the Ibaloi lexicon un the Ibaloi
speech communities in Benguet?
3. What Ibaloi lexicon has been developed based on the lexical-
morphological processes of variations?
Findings
Through the research interviews and observations, the researcher
presents the following results and findings as answers to the previously raised
questions:
1. Lexical-morphological variations in the Ibaloi language are affected by
many elements which are the following:
a. settlement/location
b. origin and history
c. migration/ mobility
d. social interaction
e. intermarriage
f. linguistics/ geographic boundaries
g. colonizers and explorers
h. transformation in lifestyle like technologies, new concepts and
products
2. The major element that influence the Ibaloi lexicon in the Ibaloi speech
communities in Benguet are:
a. shifting
b. code mixing / relixification
c. borrowing or loanword
d. neo coinage / neologism
e. stress shift
f. affixation
3. The Ibaloi lexicon that has been developed based on the lexical-
morphological processes of variation are the following:
a. products like shampoo – pantene, rejoice, vaseline…
b. soap – safeguard, palmolive…
c. technology – computer, cellphone…
d. words for modern machines like dugan (general), taxi, train,
eroplano…
e. words pertaining to adapted goods of foreign countries – coffee,
cacao, canned goods (sardines, cornbeef)…
f. words for vegetables like cabbage, carots, coli flower…
g. Ibaloi lexicon is also replete with borrowed Spanish words like:
1. name of the days – Dunes, Martes, Miyerkules, Hwebes,
Biyernes
2. months – Enero, Pebrero, Marso, Abril, Mayo …
Conclusions
The Ibaloi lexicon is indeed developing and changing to adopt itself to the
changing world. Based on the findings, the following are the conclusion of this
research:
1. There are different elements that affect the lexical morphological
variations of the Ibaloi language.
2. There are different elements that influence the Ibaloi lexicon of the Ibaloi
language.
3. There are Ibaloi lexicon that has been developed based on the lexical-
morphological processes of variation
Recommendations
Aside from the elements that affect the lexicon development of the Ibaloi
language, future researchers can also conduct studies on the following:
1. The variation of the intonation, pronunciation, enunciation and stress of
the Ibaloi language. Attempt to discover the elements that affect these
variations.
Mountain Province already instigated their anthology of the teachings of
their ancestors to preserve their identity and culture focused on proverbs, idioms,
and Expressions. Future researchers can also focus their study on Benguet
teachings about proverbs, idioms and expressions used by the people before
especially those that are almost forgotten.
2. To be aware of the significance of a certain dialect like Ibaloi, future
researchers may attempt to identify the synonymy, metonymy and
hyponymy, polsemy and homonymy of the Ibaloi language.
3. Compare and contrast the grammar structure of the Ibaloi language to
English all the way through the support of interviews and anthology of the
Ibalois.