BIBLIOGRAPHY ELEANOR LEE-ANCHETA, October 2006. The Benguet...

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ELEANOR LEE-ANCHETA, October 2006. The Benguet Police
Provincial Office Communications Networking System: Its Status in the
Maintenance of Peace and Order. Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet, Philippines.
Adviser: Felipe S. Comila, Ed. D.
ABSTRACT

The study dealt in determining the Benguet Police Provincial Office
Communications Networking System its status in the maintenance of
peace and order. Specifically, it sought to find the demographic profile
of the Benguet Police Provincial Office personnel in terms of age, sex, civil
status, highest educational attainment, rank, length of service and related
trainings to Communications Networking System; level of adequacy of the
Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System and
resources in terms of facilities, equipment and financial resources; level of
effectiveness in Communications Networking System in the maintenance
of peace and order; seriousness of problems related to Communications
Networking System; and it further determined whether there is a

decrease in crime rate incidents since the installation of the new
communications equipment (Multi-Trunked Repeater System).

Descriptive method of research and documentary analysis were
used with a structured and validated questionnaire as the main data
gathering instrument. The data came from the 72 police respondents of
the different Municipal Police Stations of Benguet Police Provincial Office.

Finding shows that the demographic profile of the Benguet Police
Provincial Office personnel belong to the age bracket of 23 to 30 years
predominantly male with 90.28% or 65 respondents, mostly married with
87.5%, most have finished their bachelor’s degree and having served the
Philippine National Police for more than eight years with ranks covering
the broad spectrum from PO1 to Police Senior Inspector, and with only
4.17% had the formal trainings on communications.

There are significant differences in the profile of respondents in
terms of sex, civil status, educational attainment, rank, length of service
and related trainings to communication as evidenced by the computed
chi-square values, which is higher than the tabular value at 0.05 level of
significance. It is only on age where the difference is not significant. Thus
the hypotheses, that there are significant differences on the profile of the
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respondents, is accepted. This result indicates that the respondents have
varied profile.

Level of adequacy of Communications Networking System in
terms of facilities, equipment and financial resources is moderately
adequate as perceived by the PNP respondents.

On the level of effectiveness in the maintenance of peace and
order, it is moderately effective.

Several problems related to CNS are perceived as moderately
serious by the PNP personnel and few are serious.

Findings show that from 2001 to 2003, the crime rate incidents
referred and handled by Benguet Police Provincial Office was recorded to
have an average weighted mean of .00041. From 2004 to 2006, the crime
rate incidents went down with an average weighted mean of .00035. The
crime rate incidents in the province of Benguet is deemed shown to have
decreased, interpretation shows that the installation of the new
communication equipment does not correlate with the effectiveness of the
communication equipment to the decrease of crime rate incidents since
the installation of the new communication equipment.

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INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The dawning of an era of accelerated delivery of basic services,
peace and order, social health services, education and economic
development in the Philippines has brought about changes in the life and
style of the Filipino people. The present government administration in its
effort to enhance the Philippine economy has not only centered its
attention to restructuring the country’s financial capability but also taken
bold steps to impede commission of crimes. Many ideas have been given
application to sustain this effort of minimizing crime, yet none so far has
been so effective that we could frown and say, “what is next?”

It is in this context that the researcher has been prompted to
assess the effectiveness of the Communications Networking System of
the Philippine National Police (PNP), particularly Benguet Police Provincial
Office (BPPO), that will extremely bind the entire organization into a
formidable machinery in fighting criminality, and to serve as a medium to
make known its pro active activities. This will hopefully result in
stupendous honest gains in terms of image building with the end view of
gaining wide public support.
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

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Communication channels are the central nervous system of any
organization, most especially of the Philippine National Police. Conversely,
these channels serve as paths for disseminating command decisions to
lower echelons and ultimately, to the tactical units in the fields, sea and
air (Technical Training Manual, 1990:1).

Radio communications provide information in an almost endless
variety of jobs whenever there is a need for a quick contact between one
point to another. Some of the most important of these users are in public
safety, in industry, in national defense, and in private communications.
Police officers and fire fighters use two-way radios in their patrol cars and
fire engines. They use these radios to get directions from their
headquarters and to communicate with one another. Airplanes and ships
use two-way radios for safe operation, for rescue missions, and for
monitoring flight itineraries to safeguard air traffic.

In national defense, radio communications play a key role in linking
defense units around the world. All branches of the armed services
depend heavily on radio communications. Military personnel use radio
equipment in planes, tanks, and ships. Large communication centers and
transceiver radios help provide instant contact between the military sub-
stations.
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

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Today, in promoting and maintaining the stability of the political,
social and economic situation in the Philippines, the role of the PNP to
maintain peace and order in the country has been put into focus.
Communications Networking System (CNS) is one of the strategies used
by the PNP which serves to reinforce the vital function of the PNP in
preserving the peace and order situation. The PNP is far behind in terms
of communications equipment as compared to the modern police
organization in Asia. The Philippine National Police’s modernization plan
includes the acquisition of expensive imported electronics-communication
equipment which may cause a substantial drain to the country’s dollar
reserves.

The performance of the Philippine National Police Communications
Networking System remains perpetual and has not improved despite
government acquisition of high-tech radio communications outfits. Only a
few police officers have access to communication details disseminated
from police headquarters because of the limited supply of modern radio
equipment. Not everyone acquires the details of information, save those
who are declassified in nature and needed by the entire complement of
policemen in a police station. Hence, the need for the speedy transmission
of raw information from the citizenry or any individual to the higher
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

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echelons of the police organization and vice versa as a process has not
been achieved with efficiency so far in the history of Philippine policy.

It is also a fact that dissemination of instructions from others is
needed in tactical situations whereby policemen in pursuit of offenders
should know when to stop or continue to execute an envelopment to trap
criminals. Display of mobility is essential so that even with less resources
in terms of high-tech equipment, manpower and fire power, speedy
response to a crime scene at critical points through effective
communication can establish superior officers and subordinates at the
earliest possible time so that planning will be delivered, and executing
strategies or tactical manoeuvres are concerted in order to influence and
discourage any daring decisions of would-be-criminals to the advantage of
the police responding team.

The Benguet Police Provincial Office (BPPO) is composed of one
Police Provincial Office, one City Police Office, 13 Municipal Police Stations
and two Police Provincial Mobile Group. There are 42 Police
Commissioned Officers (PCOs), 394 Police Non-Commissioned Officers
(PNCOs) and nine Non-Uniformed Personnel (NUP), to make a total of 445
personnel.
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

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Among the specific objectives of the PNP in terms of its Logistical
Services Program is to upgrade the mobility, firepower and
communications capability in support to its intelligence, investigation and
general operations programs.

The Communications Networking System being maintained by the
PNP Communications and Electronics (COMMEL) Service also handles
upgrading of electronics data bank and prepares/disseminates, facilities
local/foreign information exchanges, and issues bulletins and advisories
when so required (PNP Annual Program Review and Analysis, 2001).

The COMMEL, which runs the Communications Network System
(CNS) of the PNP, envisions to provide each Police Station with at least
one mobile radio, two base radios and five portable radios. This could be
justified based on the Table of Equipment Allowance (TEA) approved by
the National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM).

In its inventory of signal equipment, the Benguet Police Provincial
Office (BPPO) has 19 units of base radios, 39 handheld radios and one
mobile radio system to make a total of 59 pieces of radio communications
equipment being used by the province.

The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

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It is from these viewpoints that this study was made in order to
determine the effectiveness of the Communications Networking System of
Benguet Police Provincial Office (BPPO) in the maintenance of peace and
order.

Statement of the Problem

This study focused on determining the Benguet Police Provincial
Office Communications Networking System, its status in the maintenance
of peace and order as a support to the attainment of the vision and
mission of the Philippine National Police (PNP).

This study aims to answer the following problems:

1. What is the profile of the BPPO personnel in terms of:

a. age

b. sex

c. civil status

d. highest educational attainment

e. length of service

f. rank

g. in-service training

2. What is the level of adequacy of the Communications
Networking System of Benguet Police Provincial Office in terms of
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

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facilities, equipment and financial resources as perceived by the PNP
respondents?

3. What is the level of effectiveness of the Communications
Networking System of the BPPO in the maintenance of peace and order
situation as perceived by the PNP respondents?

4. What is the level of seriousness of problems in terms
of communication equipment and financial resources encountered in
the Communications Networking System’s operations function in
the maintenance of peace and order as perceived by the PNP
respondents?

5. What is the level of crime rate incidents since the installation of
the new communication equipment?

Objectives of the study

Based on the problems, the study aimed to:
1. To determine the profile of the BPPO personnel in terms of age,
sex, civil status, highest educational attainment, length of service, rank
and in-service training;
2. To determine the level of adequacy of the BPPO CNS in terms of
facilities, equipment and financial resources in the maintenance of peace
and order situation as perceived by PNP respondents;
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

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3. To determine the level of the effectiveness of the BPPO CNS in
the maintenance of peace and order situation as perceived by PNP
respondents;
4. To determine the degree of problems in terms of equipment
and financial resources encountered in the CNS’s operational function in
the maintenance of peace and order situation as perceived by PNP
respondents; and

5. To determine the level of crime rate incidents since the
installation of the new communication equipment (Multi-Trunked Repeater
System).

Importance of the Study

It has been pointed out that the Philippine National Police
administration is marked by internal conflict manifested by poor
communication and coordination. To promote and realize this weakness, it
is important to build the over-all capabilities of the PNP system, in
particular to its communications system network.

The significance of the study is to determine the status of the
Communication Networking System of Benguet Police Provincial office in
the maintenance of peace and order and to establish empirical basis on
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

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the need to expand the network of such communication system by
innovative processes.

Findings of this study will be of interest to various sectors, such as
the police organization, tri-media, radio enthusiasts, business sectors and
especially the public. Specifically, the findings of the study will be of
utmost benefit to the top management of the PNP, for they may utilize the
data to rationalize its mission and functions related to communications
networking. The findings will also give valuable insights to the needs as
well as the solution to a critical problem felt in the Philippine National
Police, the eventual restoration of its lost image.

It will also be a great value to the researcher, as it will rekindle her
determination to dignify the police profession and educate the public that
police officers are their best friends. It is also her hope that her fellow
officers will endeavor to truly practice their professions in dispensing their
sworn duty as peacekeepers of the society.

More importantly, the civil society itself can be made aware of their
respective capacities in determining their own needs, contributing to the
analysis of problems, and participate in planning and proposing specific
projects or activities that will directly effect the solution of these problems
related to peace and security.
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

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This, in essence, will contribute towards achieving competency of
the different municipalities in the province to support the communications
network system of the Benguet Police Provincial Office, either through the
improvement of its communications facilities and/or the training of
personnel.

Thus, this study will serve as a reference of other researchers
parallel to their study.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study is delimited only in the province of Benguet covering the
different Municipal Police Station income classes [ 1st class (La Trinidad),
2nd class (Tuba), 3rd class (Buguias), 4th class (Bakun), and the 5th class
(Tublay)] to determine the effectiveness of the Communications
Networking System in the maintenance of peace and order situation.

The respondents of the of the study are the police personnel of
the different Municipal Police Stations.
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

The Importance of Communications
Network System

Today’s telephone system links the entire globe and the globe even
to space. In a very real sense, we are now living in a wired world-already
over and beyond the global village. In fact, recent reports tell us that
outer space has almost been conquered because of the telephone which
makes possible the communication between space-orbitting astronauts
and their guides here on earth. Even celestial capitalism, which is the new
enterprise to make profits in space sport and the like, will become possible
only within the technology of communication (PNP Journal 1998).

The telephone signal is not as simple as it sounds. It is carried
through an elaborate network composed of major elements, namely; the
entire apparatus for voice, data and image telecommunications connected
to the network, the various transmission media used to carry
radio/telephone/cellular signals over distance, the switching machines
used to transmit and receive signal along the way; and the devices used
to control the operation of the network.

In addition to telephones that are connected to it, there are many
kinds of terminal such as modems to transmit computer data, facsimile
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
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machines to send data in the form of electrically coded visual images from
television camera and converted to electric signals that are carried over to
the telephone network.

In the study of Olsen and Huckin (1993), it was mentioned that the
importance of technical communication has been noted by many technical
people. In most industries, natural conflicts exist among internal units-
these natural conflicts, the many details and changes to be managed, and
the incredible complexity of a large organization all combine to create a
demand for communication skills.

Another recent development in police communications networking
is the use of a call center manned by men in crew cuts and regulation
shoes to fight crime. Launched last December 2002, one can simply take
his/her cell phone, type PNP [space] message, and send to 2920, the
National Police hotline for SMS (Short Messaging Service). For voice
calls dial 117, for e-mail, and one can even visit the police website,
www.pnp.gov.ph and log his complaints there (Saspa, 2003).

The SMS hotline is now getting close to a thousand messages a day
and has given a million mobile phone users access to prompt police action
as well as a venue for giving suggestions and notes of encouragement to
police from where they are. Texting the police is just one of the strategies
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

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that has been yielding positive results for the police, beleaguered with a
bad public image and saddled with internal problems ranging from lack of
foot patrols to fiscal mismanagement.

A sample log for one day showed messages reporting various
crimes such as illegal gambling and illegal drugs and abusive police
officers. Other message reports request police assistance in traffic and
crime situations. A third of the message reports originated in Metro
Manila, the rest of the messages come from seven of the country’s 16
regions, proving how fast the technology has been embraced by the
Filipinos.

Once sent, a text message automatically goes into a computer at
the 2920 hotline office and it is printed. The print out is tacked into a form
called a case tracking sheet, which puts down the name of the policeman
on duty, the reply sent to the complainant, and other subsequent police
action taken.

In addition, recently, the installation of the 5-Channel Multi
Trunked Repeater System (MTRS) at Sto Tomas, Tuba, Benguet in March
2004 covers the five Police Provincial Offices (Abra, Benguet, Ifugao,
Mountain Province and Baguio City) out of the seven Police Provincial
Offices in the Cordillera (PNP Journal 2005).
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

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Plate 1. MOTOROLA MCS 2000 Base Radio (UHF)

Plate 2. MOTOROLA MCS 2000 Mobile Radio (UHF)

MOTOROLA Base/Mobile Radio (UHF). This is a type of radio which
is an Ultra High Frequency (UHF) which ranges from 800 Megahertz
or 900 Megahertz frequency bands. The radio can be configured to
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

15

Plate 3. MOTOROLA ATS 2500 Handheld Radio (UHF)
operate on multiple trunking systems and the software-configurable
channel spacing can be programmed to either 12.5 kilohertz or 25
kilohertz channel spacing. It allows to pro actively meet future changes
without having to purchase a new radio equipment. It as easy to install
and operate especially in police stations. Moreover, it can operate 32
channels and is used by the different Municipal Police Station as means of
communication.

MOTOROLA ATS 2500 Handheld Radio (UHF). It is an Ultra High
Frequency (UHF) type of radio which ranges from 300 to 3,000
megahertz. The signal wave is straight (line of site) and can operate 16
channels. This type of radio is easy to operate and handle and is used
by the different Municipal Police Stations as means of communication.
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

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Plate 4. ICOM ICV-100 Handheld Radio (VHF)

ICOM ICV-100 Handheld Radio (VHF). It is a Very High Frequency
(VHF) type of radio which ranges from 136 to 174 Megahertz frequency.
The signal wave is straight (line of site). This type of radio is easy to
operate and handle that can operate eight channels only.
ICOM ICV-100 Base/Mobile Radio (VHF). It is a Very High Frequency
(VHF) type of radio which ranges from 138 megahertz to 174 megahertz
bands. It is the most technologically advanced sophisticated VHF
base/mobile radio on the Land Mobile market in 1992 which is easy to
install and operate with 16 channels only.
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

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Plate 5. ICOM IC V-100 Base/Mobile Radio (VHF)

Plate 6. Harris 100 W Transceiver (HF SSB)

Harris 100 W Transceiver (HF SSB). It is a High Frequency type of
radio which ranges from 30 megahertz to 300 megahertz frequency
bands. Radio contact signal has long distance range due to its rolling
signal characteristics. It can contact from Aparri to Jolo and other
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
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Plate 7. URC 773 Radio Transceiver (HF/SSB)
countries like Malaysia, Cambodia, China, Thailand and other countries in
Asia depending on the weather condition of the country and their
frequency. It is a fixed type of radio being used as means of
communication to the different Police Provincial Offices in the Cordillera.

URC 773 Radio Transceiver (HF/SSB). This is a High Frequency
(HF) type of radio which ranges from 3 to 30 Megahertz frequency. It has
a long distance range due to its rolling signal waves characteristics. This
type of radio is commonly used from air to ground communication
(helicopter to base or vessel ship).

The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

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Plate 8. URC 187 Radio Transceiver (HF/SSB)

URC 187 Radio Transceiver (HF/SSB). It is a High Frequency (HF)
type of radio which ranges from three to 30 Megahertz frequency. This is
used for field operation because it is a man pack radio and the contact
signal has a long distance coverage due to its rolling signal wave
characteristics.

The PNP Communications and Electronics
Service (Regional/Provincial Office)

Communication is seen as the life blood of the most vital
components of a modern police force. The PNP COMMEL Service is a
communication system from PNP National Headquarters committed to
the vision of providing a responsive and efficient communication system
From PNP National Headquarters down to the regional, provincial,
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

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Regional

COMMEL
Office-CAR

Benguet Police
Provincial

Office

1st District
Provincial
2nd District
Municipal Police
Mobile Group
Municipal Police
Stations
Stations

1. Bokod (4th class)

1. Atok (4th class)

2. Kabayan (4th class)

2. Bakun (4th class)
3. Itogon (1st class)

3. Buguias (3rd class)
4. Tuba (2nd class)

4.Mankayan(3rd class)
5. Sablan (5th class)

5.LaTrinidad(1st class)

6.Kapangan(4th class)

7.Kibungan (4th class)

8. Tublay (5th class)

Figure 1. COMMEL Organizational Structure,
Benguet
Police
Provincial
Office
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
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Municipal Police Stations and sub-stations. The communication system
consists of the communication personnel manning the communications
base operations and all police personnel, on the assumption that each one
receives and supplies vital information necessary for an effective police
operation; the operant policies and procedures that guide and govern
communication procedures; the facilities and equipment consisting
basically of telephones, data communications and two-way radio network,
the use of cellular and electronic communications such as e-mail where
available, and the necessary logistics for operating the communications
network. The inherent mission is to provide communication and
electronic services to support the need in the accomplishment of PNP
tasks and responsibilities as a whole.

Profile of Respondents and
Relationship to Performance

The success of any PNP operations in performing their mandated
functions is dependent upon its men, including their personal
characteristics on their profile as a whole. Age is one crucial factor in
attaining a certain level of performance.
Age. Reynaldo (1996) found out that age is a predictor of
performance. A police officer becomes wiser and makes better decisions
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
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22
as he advances in age. On the other hand, anxious and ambitious
university managers prefer younger teachers for their teaching staff in the
belief that younger ones have stronger drives. However, experience
discloses that the young are reckless but a blend of young and old ages
results to be a happy and comfortable mix in the organization.
Civil
Status. Some authors claim that civil status always affect the
job performance of employees. In the PNP, women have already joined
this kind of profession. A study conducted by Poschnor (1993) on the
leadership behaviour and performance of PNP officers in Mountain
Province, found out that civil status does not affect the performance of
officers. However, Mantessa (1990) revealed that civil status especially
being married significantly influences the productivity as well as the
employability of an individual.

Educational
Attainment. Sobrevega (1994) found out that
educational attainment is correlated with decision making and leadership
style of officers in the Philippine Air Force. The higher the educational
attainment of an officer, the more they are perceived to be person-
oriented and less authoritative.
Position/Rank. In the PNP, there is a formed rank for enlisted men
and officers, the Non-Commissioned Officers ranging from Police Officer I
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
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23
to Senior Police Officer IV and the Commissioned Officers are from Police
Inspector to Police Director General. Each position and rank carries its
specified functions and duties. The study of Regullano (1995) on
“Organizational Climate and Performance of the Philippine Air Force”,
found out that position has a great influence on the level of performance
of the soldiers. The higher the position the soldier has, the higher is the
level of his performance in his defined function. On the other hand, in the
academe, Hidalgo’s study showed that faculty participation in decision
making is not affected by faculty rank and other faculty factors.
Seminars/Trainings. Sison (1991) reported that many supervisors
and foremen in business and industry rose from the ranks with little or no
training in supervisory work. They are often given supervisory positions
because of their technical ability or experience on the job. Selection on
the basis of experience alone may be wasteful and expensive. The
combination of experience with planned and directed training has been
found to be the most effective method. In the PNP, Puzon (1995) stressed
the need for skills upgrading and knowledge updating for all PNP officers
and men to cope up with the modernization program. The necessity of
attending training/seminar is recognized as a way of improving
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
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supervision and as part of personal development, thereby raising the level
of performance.

Section 1 of Rule VII of the Omnibus Rules Implementing Book V of
Executive Number 292 and other pertinent Civil Service Laws (Sibal, 1993)
provides that:

Every official and employee of the government is an

asset or resource to be valued, developed and retention of

a highly competent and professional workforce in the

public service shall be the main concern of every department
of an agency.

Every department or agency shall therefore establish

a continuing program for career and personnel development

for all agency personnel a t all levels, and shall create an

environment or work climate conducive to the development

of personnel skills, talents and values for better public service.

Effectiveness

Effectiveness involves choosing the right goals and the ability to
determine appropriate objectives; “doing the right things”. A manager
who selects appropriate goals is an effective manager, which produces
maximum efficiency (Stoner, et al, 1995).

Vergara (1977) studied the premier chartered state’s technological
college in the Philippines and found a significant relationship between
integration and effectiveness of the organization. Goals, structures, tasks,
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
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25
communication and decision making were used. The measures of
effectiveness were productivity and adaptability.

Costales (2002) studied the effectiveness of the Records
Management System of Pag-IBIG of CAR Sub-Regional Office and
revealed that adequacy of resources is significantly correlated to the
effectiveness of the records management system. Hence, improving
adequacy of resources would result in enhancing effectiveness.

On organizational effectiveness, Macarandang (1981) identified the
eight indicators of effectiveness and motivation as managerial behaviour,
working condition, interpersonal relation, personal policies and procedures
as well as planning process, communication process, decision making
process and innovative process. The results of the study showed that the
planning process was rated “highest”, whereas interpersonal relations was
“fairly high”. It was found out that the personal variables considered did
not affect perception and effectiveness.

Management is the principal activity that makes a difference on
how well organizations serve people affected by them. How successfully
an organization achieves its objectives and satisfies social responsibilities
as well, depends to a large extent on its managers. If managers do their
jobs well, an organization will most likely achieve its goals.
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

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The theory underlying goal setting is that human behavior is goal-
directed, so goal setting is a necessary part of leadership. Group members
need to feel that they have a worthwhile goal that can be reached with
available resources and leadership. Without goals, different members go
in different directions. It requires three processes: define the goal, set
specific goals and give feedback in goal accomplishment (Davis, 1989).

Goals need to be as specific as possible so that employees can feel
a sense of accomplishments when a goal is reached. It is not enough to
say “do your best”, because that kind of goal is not specific enough for
most people.

When people have well defined goals, then they need feedback on
how well they are reaching their goal. Otherwise, they are “working in the
dark”. Job feedback tends to encourage better job performance.

The importance of goal setting has led to a path-goal view of
leadership, which is derived from the expectancy model of motivation. The
leader’s job is to develop more desired goals and to improve paths
towards goals so that goals can be reached. In this manner, employee
actions are tied to organizational goal.

Within an organization, a three dimensional communication process
in effective communication is required: employees must have the medium
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
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to communicate their messages or feelings upward the organizational
ladder; adequate information must be transmitted by central
management; and vertical, horizontal or sideways communications or
information is made to secure staff and interdepartmental coordination
and cooperation.

In management, the non-managerial employees, the public, and
the government see things or maintain the same attitudes and, so to
speak, have the same “wave length”. One can say that the organization
has an effective communication system or process. This is supported by
Abasolo (1991) as she conceived that the organizational communication
effectiveness affects to a large extent the organizational climate. When
good communication exists from the top of the organization downwards
as well as upward and through the different levels in the organization, the
administrators and other personnel can be expected to efficiently perform
their jobs.

Effectiveness of the Communications
Networking System

The PNP Medium Term Development Plan (2001-2004) has
identified key result areas in the PNP organization as a strategy to carry
out its mission and vision to have an effective communication networking
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

28
system to attain the successful maintenance of peace and order. These
are the following:

Organization and Human Resource Management and Development. A
highly motivated, committed and skilled police force is indispensable in
attaining an organized and credible PNP. It is a police force that the public
can look up to as their friend and protector, which in turn the confidence
that can attract investment to the country and spur development.

Material and Financial Resource Management. The proper
allocation, use and sourcing of vital financial and material resources of the
PNP are vital in the successful attainment of its vision and mission. Thus,
it is the application of information technology in all aspects of police
operations and continuing development of police facilities for the
successful maintenance of peace and order situation.

Effective Law Enforcement. Enforcement must be done without
fear or favor. Police actions must be seen as applicable to all, regardless
of one’s socio-economic status of life. This can be accomplished by
encouraging the community to participate/support in the successful
prosecution/resolution of cases to attain the maintenance of peace and
order in the area.

The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

29

Crime Prevention Control. Crimes affect the people in a most direct
and pervasive way. Hence, peace which is a condition necessary to hasten
development, encourage social mobility and economic activities must be
safeguard at all times.
Effective investigation must improve to attain
the peace and order situation.

Maintenance of Peace and Order and Internal Security. The
development of communities that are hubs of business, trade and
commerce all over the country can come to full accomplishment if peace
and order thrives and internal security is ensured. Moreover, there is an
establishment of community-based information gathering system
nationwide.
Community Partnership. The strengthening of civil society in recent
years, through organized and expanded citizens’ organizations is strong
momentum for the PNP to draw on the support of the people in the
community for its enforcement activities. The police should perceive
sincerity and transparency in the performance of their duty in order to win
public trust and confidence and to have a harmonious relationship with
the community to attain the maintenance of peace and order.

Credible Institutional Image. A positive public image for the
Philippine National Police shall inspire confidence among the people in the
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

30
police force which shall result to a ready public acceptance for police
actions. The so-called Mulcting Cops must be totally eliminated since this
disease has single-handedly eroded the credibility of the entire PNP
organization. It is now time to address the negative issues against PNP
personnel, ensure a drug and graft-free police organization and to
implement a vigorous internal discipline and value formation and to
develop a good rapport with the media and the public as a whole.
Through an assessment of these key result areas, the

Communications Network System may be ascertained in terms of level of
performance in the maintenance of peace and order based on the
perceptions of the police personnel themselves. Furthermore, the impact
of these key result areas upon the community will ascertain the degree of
capability of the CNS as perceived by the PNP personnel. The end view is
not only to support the PNP operations but also provide a communication
agenda which will also harmonize and synchronize the media efforts of
the PNP to inform the public of its accomplishments and activities and
address urgent issues involving and confronting the PNP, either through
press releases, radio and television interviews, news conferences, text
messages, the Internet, and other forms of communication.

The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

31
Conceptual Framework

The police force is known to be the promoter of peace and order in
a community. To cope up with efficient and smooth flow of information for
the maintenance of a peaceful organization at the provincial level, the
Communications Networking System is use as the efficient information
dispatch mechanism.

Moreover, communication is essentially important for a very large
and complicated organization to keep the personnel always informed in
any activities undertaken.

Bittle (1988) claims that the communication processes within
organizations are vital for the achievement of organization goals, and
further added that:

these are the processes that link the various compartments

of the Organizations together; they are found at all levels of
the organization and they affect every individual working for

the organization in one way or another. The effectiveness of the

communication system and the way in which it is managed

– has a significant impact on the ultimate effectiveness of the
total
organization..

However, the concept of how effective the benguet Police
Provincial Office’s Communications Networking System in the maintenance
of peace and order is the main thrust of the study.
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

32

In this study, three variables come into play: independent,
intervening and dependent variables give the scope and provides the
direction of the study. Independent variables include profile of the PNP
personnel which refers to age, sex, civil status, highest educational
attainment, rank, length of service and training.

Dependent variables include the level of communication networking
system of Benguet Police Provincial Office in the maintenance of peace
and order and the level of adequacy in terms of facilities and financial
resources; the problems encountered in the communication networking
system in the maintenance of peace and order and the crime rate
occurred before and after the installation and distribution of the new
acquired communication equipment (UHF radios).

Intervening factors, include the perception of police personnel
respondents on CNS effectiveness in the maintenance of peace and order.

Figure 2 shows the interplay of the various variables to determine
whether significant difference exists that may have impact on the CNS on
the effectiveness in the maintenance of peace and order in the province of
Benguet.

The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

33

Independent

Intervening

Dependent
Variables

Variables

Variables

Profile of PNP

1. Level of

personnel:

Communications
• Age

Networking System of
Benguet Police
• Sex

• Civil status

Provincial Office its
effectiveness in the
• Highest
Perception of police
maintenance of peace
Educational
personnel
and order.

attainment
respondents in the

• Rank
maintenance of 2. Level of Adequacy of
• Length of
peace and order.
the CNS in terms of
service

facilities & equipment
• In-service

and financial resources.
training

related to
3.Problems encountered
communication
in the CNS in the
maintenance of peace

and order.

4. Crime rate incidents
before the installation

and distribution of the
new acquired

communication

Figure 2. The Research Paradigm of variables

The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

34
Definitions of Terms

The terms frequently used in this study are the following:

Communications Network System (CNS). This refers to the
communications facility, as performed by the police personnel, whether or
not mediated by the use of radio or electromagnetic communications
equipment, being used by the Philippine National Police, to enhance
operational procedures from the stations to the field in support to the
activities of the PNP, especially those related to law enforcement, crime
prevention and control, maintenance of peace and order, community
partnership and credible institutional image-building.
Demographic
Profile. It refers to the personal characteristics of
respondents in terms of age, sex, civil status, highest educational
attainment, in-service training and rank.

Age. It refers to the chronological number of years a
respondent has existed since birth.

Sex. This is the physical attribute of the respondent, either
male or female.

Civil-Status. It is the legal position of being either single or
married of the PNP personnel.
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

35
Highest
Educational
Attainment. It refers to the level
obtained by the respondent from elementary grade level to postgraduate.
In-Service
Training. It refers to seminars/workshops which a
personnel has undertaken whether for basic knowledge or upgrading as
related to the operation and maintenance of communications and
electronics network system.

Rank. It is the grade assigned to PNP personnel in
accordance to his qualification.

Facilities and Equipment. It refers to the sufficiency of
telecommunications equipment for the CNS. It includes radio, telephones,
facsimile, mobile phones and computer-mediated information and
communication use for this purpose.
Financial
Resources. It refers to the budget allocated for the
operation of the communication networking system.

Level of Adequacy. It refers to the availability and quality of
resources in terms of facilities, equipment and financial resources.

Level of Effectiveness. It refers to the perceived impact as to the
level of performance of personnel and to the utility of the communications
facilities and equipment as related to the Communications Networking
System of BPPO in the maintenance of peace and order.
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

36

Level of Seriousness of Problems. This refers to the gravity of
problems met in the PNP Communications Networking System’s
operational functions.
Means
of
Communication. It refers to the medium by which a
message or information is actually conveyed from one person or place to
another.
PNP
Personnel. It refers to the employees of the PNP both men
and women, which consist of: a) Police Commissioned Officer (PCO), PNP
officers with the rank classification from Inspector to Director General; b)
Police Non-Commissioned Officer (PNCO), PNP officers with the rank
classification from Police Office 1 to Senior Police Officer 4; and c) Non-
Uniformed Personnel (NUP), civilian employee of the Philippine National
Police.
System. This refers to the combination or assembly of component
points or subsystems linked together by some form of regulated action or
interaction into an organized or operating whole.

The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

37
Hypotheses of the Study

The following hypotheses of the study were put forward for
testing/analysis:

1. There are significant differences on the profile of personnel in
terms of age, sex, civil status, educational attainment, length of service
rank and in-service training;

2. The Communications Networking System of the BPPO is
adequate in terms of facilities and equipment, and financial resources as
perceived by the PNP respondents;

3. The Communications Networking system of the BPPO is effective
in terms of level of performance as perceived by the PNP respondents;

4. Problems encountered in the operational function of the BPPO’s
Communications Networking System is serious as perceived by the PNP
respondents; and

5. There is a decrease in crime rate incidents since the installation
of the new communication equipment (Multi-Trunked Repeater System).

The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

METHODOLOGY

Locale of the Study

This study involved the five selected Municipal Police Stations
according to income class among the 13 Municipal Police Stations of
Benguet province.

Benguet is originally referred to as the “Lush Valley” of La
Trinidad, has an area of 259,240 hectares, it occupies the southern tip of
the Cordil era Mountain range in southern part of Luzon island. It is
bounded on the north by Mountain Province (Bontoc), on the east by
Ifugao and Nueva Viscaya province, on the west by La Union province and
Ilocos Sur, and on the south by Pangasinan province.

Benguet province is a plateau at 1500 meters above see level, it
has a rugged and sloping terrain, dotted with hot spring and cut by rivers
that drain into many valleys. Benguet possesses a pleasantly cool climate,
with wet and dry seasons of equal duration but experiences heavy rainfall
because of its elevation (Hamada, 1967).

The native people of Benguet are of two major ethno linguistic
tribes; the Ibaloi who live in the southeast part which occupies
the agricultural valley, the Kankana-ey in the northwest part who are
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

39

Figure 3. Map of Benguet showing the location of the study
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

40
classified as the native miners. A lesser group called the Kalanguyas,
sometimes called Ikalahans who inhabit a strip along the Polis Range in
the east. A tiny group called Karaos inhabits a vil age of that name in the
Agno Val ey in the town of Bokod. All the tribes observe common beliefs
and rituals, especially the cañao which involves animal sacrifice,
feasting and dancing.

Benguet is the most thickly populated of the four provinces
(formerly the old Mountain Province). The big increase of population is
due to immigration of people from the neighboring provinces seeking
employments with a total population of 727,852 as of May 2006 census
conducted by National Statistics Office, Benguet branch.

Benguet has a temperate climate, the leading agricultural activity is
vegetable production. The province is known as the “Salad Bowl of the
Philippines”. The major crops being produced by the province includes
potatoes, beans, peas, cabbage, lettuce, carrots and strawberries. On
agri-based business activities include fruit preservation, peanut brittle
production, mongo processing, broom making, basket weaving and
floriculture. The province is also one of the country’s leading producers of
gold, copper and pyrite, and limestone.
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

41

Plate 9. Municipal Police Station of La Trinidad

Municipal Police Station of La Trinidad. The municipality of La
Trinidad is the first income class of the province of Benguet with a total
population of 101,260 as of May 2006 census. The police station is just
adjacent to the Municipal Hall of La Trinidad which is relatively the most
developed settlement in the province of Benguet. As the capital of
Benguet, it serves as the trading, educational and institutional center of
the province. The municipality is home to mixture of ethno linguistic
groups. It has the most number of crime incidents in the province of
Benguet due to its population increase. Police visibility in the area has
improved the maintenance of peace and order situation and all the crimes
being referred to are 95% solved.
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

42

Plate 10. Municipal Police Station of Tuba

Municipal Police Station of Tuba. The municipality of Tuba is the
second income class among the 13th municipalities of Benguet province
with a total population of 39,588 as of May 2006 census. The police
station is just adjacent to the Municipal Hall of Tuba. Tuba got its name
from a method of fishing-Tuva which uses the fruit of a shrub called
Saligao. Fishing with Tuva became popular among the residents where
the place became popularly known as Tuva, and now called as Tuba.
Police officers do foot patrol to ensure the maintenance of peace and
order thus crime incidents in the area is minimal that referred to the
police stations.
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

43

Plate 11. Municipal Police station of Buguias

Municipal Police Station of Buguias. The municipality of Buguias
belongs to the third income class of the province of Benguet with a total
population of 38,497 as of May 2006 census. The Municipal Police Station
is 120 meters away from the municipal hall of Buguias. Buguias is well
known of its production of vegetable industry in the Benguet province. On
the maintenance of peace and order situation in the area, non-index
crimes are mostly to occur and it is settled down immediately by the
police officers.

The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

44

Plate 12. Municipal Police Station of Bakun

Municipal Police Station of Bakun. The municipality of Bakun
belongs to the fourth income class of the province of Benguet with a total
population of 17,732 as of May 2006 census. The Municipal Police Station
is 75 meters away from the municipal hall. Bakun is shaped like a basin
where the mountains ranges to a rim an the villages lie beyond the edge
of the rim. People in the community have a harmonious relationship with
the police officers because their response to time on crime incidents have
improved with the information coming from the community. As a result,
there is a decrease of crime incidents that have been handled by the
police personnel.

The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

45

Plate 13. The Municipal Police Station of Tublay

Municipal Police Station of Tublay. The municipality of Tublay
belongs to the fifth income class of the province of Benguet with a total
population of 17,331 as of May 2006 census . The Municipal Police Station
is just adjacent to the municipal hall of Tublay. Tublay is well known of its
caves and hot springs. In the past, Tublay was named Tublay Central
because it was the educational, industrial and government center. As a
fifth class municipality, procurement of communication equipment is not
the main priority of the Local Government Units but full participation of
the community in providing information to the police officers regarding
safety and security problems; index-crimes and non-index crimes are likely
to occur in the area.
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

46
Respondents of the Study

The PNP personnel respondents are classified into three groups,
namely: 1) Police Commissioned Officers (PCOs), 2) Police Non-
Commissioned Officers (PNCOs), and 3) Non-Uniformed Personnel (NUPs).

There is a total of 445 police personnel and nine non-uniformed
personnel of Benguet Police Provincial Office, with 42 PCOs, 394 PNCOs
and nine NUPs. The total sample selected through random sampling were
at least 15 respondents per locality from the Municipal Police Stations with
the different income class, except of the Municipal Police Stations of Tuba
with 14 and Bakun with 13. In addition, the profile of the respondents in
the province was gathered through survey questionnaire. Figure 4 shows
the distribution of respondents.

14
15
La Trinidad

Tuba

Buguias
15

13
Bakun
Tublay
15

Figure 4. Distribution of Respondents
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

47
82
73
50
45
19
14 13 14 14
14 13 13
15
15
Q
S
PS
S
S
S
PS
RH
MPS
MPS MP
MP
ok MP
d
s MPS n
an MPS
n MPS
ba MP
At
kun M
uia
go
lan MPS
blay M
Ba
Boko
ayan
Tu
Bug
Ito
angan MPS
Kab
nkaya Sab
Tu
Kap
Kibung Trinidad
La
Ma

PCO
PNCO
NUP

Figure 5. Distribution of Personnel per Municipal Police Station

Research Design

The study utilized the descriptive method of research and
documentary analysis in order to describe, analyze, and interpret the level
of effectiveness of Communication Networking System of Benguet Police
Provincial Office (BPPO) in the maintenance of peace and order used a
structured and validated survey questionnaire as the main data gathering
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

48
instrument. Answers were augmented by documentary analysis and verbal
feedback from the respondents.

The researcher believes that this is the most appropriate technique
because descriptive investigation does not only include all those studies
that support the present facts, the mere gathering of data and the
tabulation of results but also the interpretation and clarification of what
has been described in the research instrument. It provides the reasons of
determining the level of adequacy of facilities and equipment, financial
resources, the degree of seriousness of problems, and the level of
effectiveness in terms of level of performance and degree of credibility.

Research Instrument

To achieve the stated goals of the study, the researcher
constructed a survey questionnaire used for the collection of the
respondents data consisting of four main parts:

The first part is the demographic profile of the PNP personnel
respondents in terms of age, civil status, rank, highest educational
attainment, in-service training, length of service and place of assignment.

Next, the second part is the assessment of level of adequacy of the
communications networking system resources in terms of facilities and
equipment and financial resources in the maintenance of peace and order
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

49
situation as perceived by the PNP personnel respondents. The
interpretation of the scores are as follows:

Range Weighted Mean
Adjectival Rating
Symbol

5 4.20 – 5.00
Very Adequate
VA

4 3.40 – 4.19
Adequate

A

3 2.60 – 3.39
Moderately Adequate MA

2 1.80 – 2.59
Slightly Adequate
SA

1 1.00 – 1.79
Not Adequate

NA

The third part covers the assessment of the level of effectiveness of
the Communications Networking System of the BPPO in the maintenance
of peace and order. The following adjectival interpretations of the
responses are as follows:

Range Weighted Mean
Adjectival Rating
Symbol

5 4.20 – 5.00

Very Effective
VE

4 3.40 – 4.19

Effective

E

3 2.60 – 3.39

Moderately Effective
ME

2 1.80 – 2.59

Slightly Effective SE

1 1.00 – 1.79

Not Effective

NE

Lastly, part four is the assessment of the degree of seriousness of
the problems related to the Communications Networking System of the
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

50
Benguet Police Provincial Office. The interpretation of the scores are as
follows:

Range Weighted Mean
Adjectival Rating
Symbol

5 4.20 – 5.00

Very Serious

VS

4 3.40 – 4.19

Serious

S

3 2.60 – 3.39

Moderately Serious
MS

2 1.80 – 2.59

Slightly Serious
SS

1 1.00 – 1.79

Not Serious

NS

Data Gathering Procedure

A survey questionnaire was distributed to the personnel
respondents randomly selected Municipal Police Station and request them
to accomplish. Informal interviews were conducted to countercheck the
respondents answers in the questionnaire as well as to clarify matters
arising from the answers. Relevant data were gathered from existing
records, available documents and articles from Benguet Police Provincial
Office, books, journals and thesis related to the study.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The data gathered were tabulated in accordance with the problems
and objectives of the study. In addition, the design of the tabulation was
based on the perception of the personnel respondents from the five
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

51
selected Municipal Police Stations in accordance with the hypotheses of
the study.

The chi-square was used to test whether there are significant
relationships of the variables in the study. Level of adequacy, degree of
seriousness of problems and level of effectiveness of the CNS were
analyzed using frequencies and weighted means to quantify the
perceptions of the respondents. A 0.05 percent level of significance was
chosen for the rejection or acceptance of hypotheses.

The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This section shows the interpretation and analysis of the data
gathered based on the objectives and hypotheses of the study.

Demographic Profile of Benguet
Police Provincial Office Personnel

Table 1 shows the distribution of the respondents according to age,
sex, civil status, highest education attainment, rank, length of service and
related trainings on Communications Networking System.
Age. The respondents vary in age according to the qualifying rank
in the PNP service. Majority of the respondents age range comes from
bracket 23 to 33 years composed of 22 respondents or 30.50%, the
youngest groups is followed by those within the age range of 31 to 38
years with 21 respondents or 29.17%, while the middle age bracket is
from 39 to 46 years with 20 respondents or 27.78% and the least is the
nine respondents or 12.50% which composed the oldest age bracket of
47 to 55 years which means that many policemen in the Municipal Police
Stations applied for the early retirement program of the Philippine
National Police. The mean age of all respondents is 36 years old. They do
not significantly differ in age as indicated by the computed value of 6.11,
which is lower than the tabular value at 7.81. This result means that the
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

53
Table 1. Demographic profile of the Benguet Police Provincial Office
respondents.
____________________________________________________________
PROFILE

FREQUENCY (N) PERCENTAGE (%)
Age
23-30

22

30.56

31-38

21

29.16
39-46

20
27.78
47-55

9

12.50

Total

72
100.00
Mean Age =36.27
X²c = 6.11ns df = 3 X² 0.05 = 7.81
Sex
Male

65

90.28
Female

7

9.72
Total

72

100.00
X²c = 46.72* df = 1 X² 0.05 = 3.84
Civil Status
Single

9

12.50
Married

63

87.50

Total

72

100.00

X²c = 40.50* df = 1 X² 0.05 = 3.81
Highest Educational Attainment
With College units

1

1.39
College graduate

60

89.44
With Masteral units

3

4.27
Total

72

100.00

X²c = 105.2* df = 2 X² 0.05 = 5.99

Legend:

ns = not significant
* = significant

The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

54
Table 1. Continued…….
____________________________________________________________
PROFILE

FREQUENCY (N) PERCENTAGE (%)
Rank
PSI

3

4.17
PI

2

2.78
SPO4

6

8.33

SPO3

4

5.56
SPO2

6

8.33
SPO1

7

9.72
PO3

12

16.63
PO2

15

20.83
PO1

17

23.61

Total

72 100.00
X²c = 29* df = 8 X² 0.05 = 15.51
Years in Service
1 - 8 years

28

38.89
9 - 16 years

19

26.39
17 - 24 years

17

23.61
25 – 31 years

8

11.11

Total

72

100.00

X²c = 11.22* df = 3 X² 0.05 = 7.81
Trainings in Communications
With Training

3

4.17
Without
Training

69

95.83

Total

72

100.00

X²c = 60.5* df = 1 X² 0.05 = 3.84

Legend:

ns = not significant
* = significant

The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

55
Sex. Males are the majority of the respondents composed of 65
respondents or 90.28% and seven or 9.72%, females. Their number
significantly differs as shown by the computed value of 46.72, which is
higher than the tabular value of 3.84. This indicates that the Benguet
Police Provincial Office is a male-dominated organization, with female
scarcely attaining higher-echelon ranks.
Civil
status. Majority of the respondents is married and few are
still single. There are significantly more respondents who are married
compared to those who are single as shown by the computed value of
40.5, which is higher than the tabular value at 3.84.
Educational
attainment. Majority of the police respondents earned
their bachelor’s degree and few have taken Master of Science units. Only
one comes from a college level. This finding indicates that most of the
respondents are college graduates. Those who are taking Master of
Science units are working while studying. The respondents significantly
differ in their educational attainment as indicated from by the computed
value of 105.2 which is higher than the tabular value at 5.99. This result
means that the respondents are persuaded to finish a college degree.
Moreover, they are aware that to be able to be employed in the
government, one must be a college graduate. At present, the Philippine
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

56
National Police requires a full college degree for admission to its ranks.
However, there are those who were absorbed from the Philippine
Constabulary upon its merger to the PNP who have not earned their
college diplomas, and perhaps because of age they are no longer
interested to pursue a college degree, but simply awaiting for their
retirement. But, there are also younger ones who were absorbed in the
PNP service who are pursuing further schooling because promotion in rank
requires bachelor’s degree.
Rank. As to rank, the respondents significantly differ in their rank
as indicated by the computed value of 29 which is higher than the tabular
value at 15.51. This result means that the respondents are classified
according to rank.
Length
of
service. Majority of the respondents has served 1 to 8
years. The difference in length of service of the respondents is significant
as shown by the computed value of 11.22 which is higher than the tabular
value at 7.81. It can be noted that the biggest number are those who
have served only 1 to 8 years of service. They represents those who have
entered the service as a result of more aggressive recruitment by the PNP
to respond to the need to improve the police population ratio which is
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

57
ideal 1:500 and to professionalize the police service. There are only eight
members who are waiting for retirement in the service.

Related Training on Communication Networking System (CNS).
Only three respondents have claimed that they have formal training
related to communications. There is significance on the trainings of the
respondents as shown in the computed value of 60.5 which is higher than
the tabular value at 3.84. This result means that the respondents do not
have the formal training related to knowledge of communications
paraphernalia and processes. However, it could be assumed that they
have informal knowledge or hands-on skills on manipulating these
communications equipment.

Level of Adequacy of Communication
Networking System and Resources

The level of adequacy as perceived by the police respondents is
moderately adequate in their job performance. In addition, the importance
of adequacy of resources is also contributory to the efficient and effective
operation of the Communications Networking System of Benguet Police
Provincial Office and it is also a parameter for the success of any program
or project. Moreover, the level of adequacy of Communication Networking
System is described as moderately adequate would imply that it is not
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

58
sufficient enough to achieve the objectives of the Communication
Networking System because there is still a wide room for improvement
that can contribute to the success of the Benguet Police Provincial Office
Communications Network System.

Level of Adequacy of CNS in terms of Facilities and Equipment.
Table 2 provides data on facilities and equipment with an average weight
mean of 2.93 described as moderately adequate. “Communication
Networking System personnel are qualified to perform their duties” was
given a highest rating with an average weight mean of 3.22 followed by
“facilities and equipment are in good condition” with an average weight
mean of 3.20. All indicators are rated as moderately adequate with the
lowest rating of 2.77 weighted mean given to “there is enough number of
computers maintaining regional database for police information network”.

Furthermore, facilities and equipment are deemed moderately
adequate and therefore operational in the field, it would be a better
situation if there are better and more state of the art facilities particularly
the upgrading of radio communication equipment, and the handlers are
properly trained and held accountable for the equipment they receive.
Observation is made that the situation is manageable but still
upgrading of the communication equipment would critically improve the
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

59
Table 2. Level of Adequacy of Communications Networking and
Resources.
____________________________________________________________
Level of Adequacy La Trinidad Tuba Buguias Bakun Tublay AWM AR

Facilities and Equipment 3.08 2.89 3.30 2.96 2.41 2.93 MA

Financial Resources 2.87 3 3.15 2.75 2.48 2.85 MA

Average Weighted Mean 2.97 2.94 3.22 2.85 2.44 2.89 MA

Legend: MA = Moderately Adequate

AWM = Average Weighted Mean

AR = Adjectival Rating

services to the community in maintaining the peace and order situation. In
this age of information technology, where the information possesses true
power, the PNP which is so dependent on reliable, fast and immediate
information for its basic operations, particularly in the investigation and
solution of crime and community problems, must be equipped with high-
end hardware and software, as well as trained and knowledgeable PNP
personnel in order to attain its objectives and mission, and to ensure a
peaceful and secure community environment.

In summary, the moderately adequate rating given to the level of
adequacy of Communication Networking System in terms of facilities and
equipment would indicate that there are still perceived weaknesses in the
delivery of communications services and the integrity of the system
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

60

Level of Adequacy of CNS in terms of Financial Resources. Table 2
shows that all the indicators of financial adequacy are rated moderately
adequate with an average mean of 2.85.

The moderately adequate rating would indicate that while funds are
available for the operation, procurement and improvement of the
communication facilities and equipment should be transparent to prevent
fund juggling and to ensure cost-effectiveness and to eliminate graft and
corruption. However, there are still perceptions that financial constraints
are great reality of government operations and that communication
financial resources are not satisfactory but rather limited.

So fact remains that if and when funds are available, priority should
be allocated in the acquisition of more efficient communication equipment
and also for the training of the personnel who will operate the system.

Level of Effectiveness of Communications
Networking System in the Maintenance
of Peace and Order

Table 3 represents the perceptions of the police respondents on the
effectiveness of the Communications Networking System in the
maintenance of peace and order in the province of Benguet particularly to
the different income class municipalities. The police rated themselves as
having an effective with an average weighted mean of 3.55 on response
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

61
Table 3. Level of Effectiveness in Communications Networking system in
the maintenance of peace and order
____________________________________________________________
Level of Effectiveness La Trinidad Tuba Buguias Bakun Tublay AWM AR

Response time

3.66 3.46 4.13 3
3.57 3.55 E
Contact (inform) the

3.53 3.36 3.86 3.07 3.5 2.87 ME
concerned police personnel

Enhancing the community
3.4
3.26 3.6
3.30 3.42 3.39 ME
in providing information
During the conduct of arrest, 3.26 2.46 3.6
3.07 3.92 3.46 E
search and seizure
Enhancement on investigation 3.53 3.13 3.46 3.07 3.71 3.38 ME
Enhancement on intelligence
3.46 3.13 3.6
3 3.85 3.40 E

Average Weighted Mean 3.43 3.31 3.70 3.08 3.66 3.34 ME

Legend:
E = Effective

ME = Moderately Effective

AWM = Average Weighted Mean

AR = Adjectival Rating

time; during the conduct of arrest, search and seizure is 3.46 average
weighted mean and on enhancement on intelligence with 3.40
average weighted mean; enhancement on investigation with an average
weighted mean of 3.38; on contact (inform) the concerned police
personnel with an average weighted mean of 2.87 and enhancing of
the community in providing information is 3.39 average weighted mean
which is described as moderately effective. It indicates that police
respondents consider themselves to have improved their response to
crime situation in the maintenance of peace and order. While the ideal
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

62
police population it is 1:500 is still far from being realized in the police
force.

The average weighted mean as perceived by the police
respondents is 3.34 described that the Communication Networking System
of Benguet Police Provincial Office is moderately effective. It appears hat
the police personnel would agree that the community has an effective
performance when it comes to their relation with the police regarding
problems on safety and awareness of the need for the community
cooperation in ensuring the peace and order situation.

Level of Seriousness of Problems related
to Communications Networking System

Table 4 describes the perceived degree of seriousness of problems
related to Communications Networking System of Benguet Police
Provincial Office in the maintenance of peace and order. This is
considered to be serious as determined by their high ratings on
inadequate communication equipment and facilities with an average
weighted mean of 3.69; difficult to contact radio base (signal) is 3.61
average weighted mean; lack of support from the local government unit
in providing additional communication equipment with an average
weighted mean of 3.42; and lack of logistical support during field
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

63
Table 4. Level of Seriousness of Problems related to Communication
Networking System
____

Problems La Trinidad Tuba Buguias Bakun Tublay AWM AR

Lack of trained personnel 3.26 3.06 3 2.92 2.42 2.93 MS
to handle CNS
Inadequate communication 2.93 3.06 3.06 3.69 3 3.14 MS
equipment and facilities
Difficult to contact radio base 2.93 3 3 3.61 2.64 3.03 MS
station (signal)
Effect of out-moded commo 3.06 3.13 2.93 3 2.42 2.90 MS
equipment
Lack of community
3.06 3.26 2.86 3.07 2.35 2.92 MS
cooperation in terms revealing
information
Lack of support from local
2.33 3.26 3.13 3.41 3 3.02 MS
government(LGU) in providing
additional communication
equipment
Lack of logistical support
2.8 3.33 3.2 3.46 3.14 3.18 MS
during field operations
in terms of communication
equipment

Average Weighted Mean
2.91 3.15 3.02 3.30 2.28 3.01 MS

Legend:

MS = Moderately Serious

AWM = Average Weighted Mean

AR = Adjectival Rating

operations in terms of communication equipment is 3.46 average
weighted mean. These perceptions, particularly on the lack of logistical
support during the conduct of field operations are consistent with the
findings on the lack of adequacy of facilities and equipment and the
constraint on financial resources.
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

64

Again, based on observation, facilities and equipment are available,
these have limited utility and efficiency because of their being slow in
raising responsive action or reaction from the base stations. These
limitations have effect to the fact that there is lack of government
support for the improvement of communications facilities which could be
also due to fund constraint on the part of the local government units and
that from the third down to fifth income class municipalities simply can
not provide additional logistical support to their police units in terms of
communications facilities and equipment for these are low-priority items
for their programs and projects on the other hand, the more resource-rich
local government units with its high income and the presence of
communications servers/providers are being the town capital, could easily
provide their forces with additional radio or mobile phone equipment.

The perception of the police respondents on the problems related
to Communications Networking System in the maintenance of peace and
order is 3.18 average weighted mean, described as moderately serious.
Hence, it would be safe assumption that these problems are still
manageable and could be addressed in the planned modernization efforts
of the Philippine National Police as well as through initiatives and support
of concerned local government units. While the issue is putting the local
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

65
police force under the direct supervision of the local mayors is disputed
and academic because of the professionalization agenda on the Philippine
National Police, it is still contended that local government support is
critical to the smooth operations of the local police forces.

Level on Crime Rate Incidents

Crime rate incidents in the province of Benguet further elaborates
crimes that were referred and handled to from 2001 to 2003 have an
average mean crime rate of .00041 and from 2004 to 2006 is .00035.
The installation of the new communication equipment and merely with the
participation of the community to prevent crimes have helped decrease
the crime incidents in the province. It is observed that the situation is still
manageable but there is still need for the upgrading of the communication
equipment for a better improvement in the crime rate incidents and in
order to attain the maintenance of peace and order.

In the words of Ebdane (2003) commenting on the channels of
communication and cooperation from the community in order to attain
peace and order, he further emphasized a formula for a better result on
crime prevention: community cooperation and police action plus
responsible media equals united action against crime.
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

The study focused in determining the Benguet Police Provincial
Office Communications Networking System, its status in the maintenance
of peace and order.

It specifically looked into the demographic profile of the Benguet
Police Provincial Office personnel in terms of age, sex, civil status, highest
educational attainment, rank, length of service and related trainings to
Communications Networking System; level of adequacy of the Benguet
Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System and resources
in terms of facilities, equipment and financial resources; level of
effectiveness in Communications Networking System in the maintenance
of peace and order; seriousness of problems related to Communications
Networking System; and further determined whether there is a decrease
of crime rate incidents since the installation of the new communications
equipment (Multi-Trunked Repeater System).

Descriptive method of research and documentary analysis were
used with a structured and validated questionnaire as the main data
gathering instrument. The data came from the 72 police respondents of
the different Municipal Police Stations of Benguet Police Provincial Office.
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

67

The pertinent findings of the study are as follows:

1. The demographic profile shows that the biggest proportion of
the Benguet Police Provincial Office personnel belong to the age bracket
of 23 to 30 years predominantly male with 90.28% or 65 respondents,
mostly married with 87.5%, most have finished their bachelor’s degree
and having served the Philippine National Police for more than eight years
with ranks covering the broad spectrum from PO1 to Police Senior
Inspector, and with only 4.17% had the formal trainings on
communications.

There are significant differences in the profile of respondents in
terms of sex, civil status, educational attainment, rank, length of service
and related trainings to communication as evidenced by the computed
chi-square values, which is higher than the tabular value at 0.05 level of
significance. It is only on age where the difference is not significant. Thus
the hypotheses, that there are significant differences on the profile of the
respondents, is accepted. This result indicates that the respondents have
varied profile.

2. Level of adequacy of Communications Networking System in
terms of facilities, equipment and financial resources is moderately
adequate as perceived by the PNP respondents.
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

68

3. On the level of effectiveness in the maintenance of peace and
order, it is moderately effective as perceived by the PNP respondents.

4. Several problems related to CNS are perceived as moderately
serious by the PNP personnel and few are serious.

5. Findings show that from 2001 to 2003, the crime rate incidents
referred and handled by Benguet Police Provincial Office was recorded to
have an average weighted mean of .00041. From 2004 to 2006, the crime
rate incidents went down with an average weighted mean of .00035. The
crime rate incidents in the province of Benguet is deemed shown to have
decreased, interpretation shows that the installation of the new
communication equipment does not correlate with the effectiveness of the
communication equipment to the decrease of crime rate incidents since
the installation of the new communications equipment.

Conclusions

Based on the findings, the following conclusions are drawn:

1. The Benguet Police Provincial Office personnel respondents are
mostly matured, male, married, have high educational attainment, have
been in the service for more than eight years, and occupy ranks pertinent
to their qualifications, but few had formal training in communication.
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

69

2. Adequacy of resources is a very significant factor in the
Communications Networking System of the Benguet Police Provincial
Office, therefore enhancement on the facilities, equipment and resources
would lead to a better improvement on the effectiveness in the
maintenance of peace and order.

3. The Benguet Police Provincial Office personnel perceived that
the level of effectiveness is moderately effective, therefore maintenance
of peace and order could be attained, but there is still a significant
difference in the assessment that has to be bridged particularly in the
sharing of information and positive presence of the police in the
community.

4. While seriousness of problems related to Communications
Networking System is moderately serious, the integrity of information
being received and sent out by the police personnel must be safeguarded;
therefore the weaknesses, particularly lack of support from the local
government units, difficult to contact radio base station (signal) and
inadequate communication equipment and facilities would be deleterious
to the effectiveness of the Communications Networking System in the
maintenance of peace and order.
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

70

5. The installation of the new communication equipment helped
decrease crime rate incidents in the province of Benguet. Visibility of
police personnel in their areas of responsibility and the good rapport
between them and the community have a mutual objective to prevent,
control and solve crimes.

Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusions, the researcher proposes the
following recommendations:

1. The continuing professionalization of the Philippine National
Police showed improved performance and credibility; hence, the need of
improvement on skills and qualifications in all aspects on police work
including skills and proper handling on communication paraphernalia.
Police personnel in the field must be given adequate trainings to handle
information relayed to their stations particularly in responding to crimes to
attain peace and order or in pursuit operations. Formal training should
also include handling of equipment and computer literacy so that any or
all police personnel could make use of their resources at the moment of
need, and not merely wait for designated CNS personnel to handle the
radios or any communication equipment. A more responsive monitoring
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

71
and evaluation mechanism must be implemented that will counter check
and balance accomplishments and performance report from the field.

2. There should be continued vigilance in safeguarding the
communities to maintain peace and order in the light of globalization
against terrorism and crime syndicates. These could be enhanced through
continuous upgrading of communication equipment that could respond to
the needs of the information and communication technology (ICT) age. All
municipal police stations should be linked to the Police Provincial Offices
via local area network and later to the National Police through the
computerization of the whole Philippine National Police system.

3. Effectiveness in the maintenance of peace and order should be
sustained through the continuing support and dialogue from the
community by providing and giving information regarding crime
prevention, continuing education and training of police personnel,
improvement of its resources, and the initiation by local government of
activities that enhance police-community cooperation. This will result in a
stronger, more objectives and transparent relationship between the local
government units and local police.

4. Seriousness of problems, adequacy of resources and crime rate
incidents are concerns that need to be addressed by the local police and
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

72
other local government with the participation of the community in order
to sustain peace and order to upgrade the effectiveness of the
communication equipment and also the adequacy of logistical support to
various peace keeping activities of the police.

5. A further study should be conducted to identify other factors
that would determine the effectiveness of Communications Networking
System in the maintenance of peace and order and as a take-off point to
other researchers for studying their own organization’s communications
network system.
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

LITERATURE CITED

Annual Accomplishment Reports. 2004-2005. Police Regional Office-
CAR, Camp Bado Dangwa, La Trinidad, Benguet.

Awas, Arturo. 1998. “Basic Guidelines in Managing Police Use of Force.
The PNP Journal. July-August.

Bittle, John Robert (Ed). 1988. Encyclopedia of Professional
Management. Danbury, Connectut: Grolier Co.

Costales, Janet Esperanza T. 2002. “ The Effectiveness of the Records
Management System of the Office in Baguio City.” MDA Thesis.
DMMSU, San Fernardo City (La Union).

Davis, Keith. 1989. Human Behavior at Work. 8th ed. Manila:
Kalayaan Press Marketing.

De Leon, Ricardo. 2003. “PNP Communication Plan: Making Sure the
People Know.” Philippine Free Press. NO. 5. Vol. XCIV.

Encyclopedia America. 1984. The International edition, Grolier Inc.,
Vol.
23.

Hamada, Sinai C. 1967. Socio Economic Point of View.

Hidalgo, Virginia L. 1995. “Performance of Faculty Members in
Research and Extension: An Analysis”. Unpublished Research.
DMMMSU, San Fernando City, La Union.

Leonard, V. A. 1995. Police Administration in the Government. 2nd ed.
Manila, National Bookstore, Inc.

Macarandang, Abela. 1981. “Organiztional Effectiveness and Motivation
of Personnel – The Case o f the Office of Planning Service MEC.”
Dissertation. Centro Escolar University, Manila.

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Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

74
Olsen, Leslie and Thomas Huckin. 1993. Principles of Communication
for Science and Technology. New York: McGraw Hill.

PNP Medium Term Development Plan (2001-2004). 2001. The PNP
Journal.

November-December

Police Manual. 1994. Vol 1, PNP National Headquarters, Camp Crame,
Quezon
City.

Police Regional Office-CAR Statistics on Criminal Cases referred
to/Handled
(2001-2006).

Republic Act 6975. 1991. An Act Establishing the Philippine National
Police under a Reorganized Department of Interior and Local
Government.

Sapsa, James P. 2003. “The Police Go High-Tech.” Philippine Free
Press. No. 5 Vol. XCIV. February 1.

Shreader, Robert. 1969. Electronic Communications. New York:
McGraw Hill Book Company.

Sobrevaga, Rogelio L. 1994. “An Assessment of the Communication
Systems of the Philippine Air Force.” Thesis. National Defense
College, Fort Bonifacio, Makati.

Stoner, James A. et. al. 1995. Management. 5th ed. New Jersey:
Prectice
Hall.

Technical Training Manual. USAF Technical Training School, Kesler
AFB, Mississipi, USA.

Vergara, Jose. 1977. “Integration and Effectiveness of the Philippines
College of Arts and Trades”. Dissertation. University of the
Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City.

Villanueva, Camilo C. 1995. “Feasible Set-Up of the tactical
Communication System of the Philippine Army.” Thesis. National
Defense College, Fort Bonifacio, Makati.
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

Appendix A
Republic of the Philippines
BENGUET STATE UNIVERSITY
La Trinidad, Benguet

_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________

Sir:

The undersigned is currently conducting a research study on the
“The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking
System: Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order”. The study
aims to determine the effectiveness of the communication equipment of
the province of Benguet.

In this regard, may I request your good office to allow the
researcher to administer her survey questionnaire to your police
personnel.

Your positive response regarding this matter is highly appreciated.

Respectful y yours,

Noted by:

(SGD) FELIPE S. COMILA, Ed. D.
(SGD) ELEANOR L. ANCHETA

Adviser

Researcher

(SGD) TESSIE M. MERESTELA, D. Agr.
GS Dean
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

76
Appendix B
Republic of the Philippines
BENGUET STATE UNIVERSITY
La Trinidad, Benguet

Dear Respondents:

The undersigned is currently conducting a research study on the
“The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Network System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order” in the completion of
her studies in the Master’s degree in Public Administration.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness on the
communication equipment in the maintenance of peace and order in the
province of Benguet.

Your sincere answer to the given series of questions shall be of
great help to attain the goal of this study. Rest assured that the
information you will provide shall be treated with deep respect and utmost
confidentiality.

Thank you very much in anticipation of your attention and
cooperation. Remember, your opinion counts!

God
Bless!

Very truly yours,

(Sgd)
Eleanor
Lee-Ancheta

Researcher

The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

77
Appendix C

Questionnaire

THE BENGUET POLICE PROVINCIAL OFFICE COMMUNICATIONS
NETWORKING SYSTEM: ITS STATUS IN THE MAINTENANCE
OF PEACE AND ORDER

PART I: Personal Profile of BPPO Employees:

Directions: Please fill up the spaces with the information asked for or by
putting a check mark where appropriate. Your answers will be treated
with strict confidentiality.

Name (Optional) ________________________________________
Place of Assignment: _____________________________________

Age : ___________________ Sex: Male:______ Female:_______

Civil: Single: _____ Married:_____ Widow/er:_____ Separated:_____

Highest Educational Attainment:
_______High School Graduate

________Master’s degree
_______With College Units

________With doctors unit
_______College
Degree
________Doctorate
degree
_______College degree with masteral units

Rank:_____________ Number
of
Years in Service: ___________

Training attended related to Communication Equipment (please specify):
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

78
PART II. LEVEL OF ADEQUACY OF COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKING
SYSTEM AND RESOURCES

Directions: Please rate the level of adequacy of the Communications
Networking System (CNS) of Benguet Police Provincial Office (BPPO) by
encircling the appropriate number using the scale shown below:

5 = Very Adequate

- 100% adequate on CNS

4 = Adequate

- 75% adequate on CNS

3 = Moderately Adequate
- 50% adequate on CNS

2 = Slightly Adequate

- 25% adequate on CNS

1 = Poorly Adequate

- 0% adequate on CNS

A. Facilities and Equipment:

1. Enough number of personnel are trained
5 4 3 2 1
to handle/operate radio/communications
equipment.

2. Police personnel are knowledgeable
5 4 3 2 1
and skilled in the theoretical and technical
objectives of CNS.

3. Training & hands-on exercises are conducted 5 4 3 2 1
for CNS-responsible personnel.

4. Radio handlers are aware on rules, 5 4 3 2 1
principles and ethics on radio communications.

5. Personnel in-charge of CNS is computer
5 4 3 2 1
literate to maintain database and
CNS operations.

6. CNS concerned personnel respondents
5 4 3 2 1
are qualified to perform their duties.

7. There is enough number of facilities and
5 4 3 2 1
equipments for communications.

The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

79
8. Communication facilities & equipment
5 4 3 2 1
are modern.

9. Facilities & equipment are in good condition. 5 4 3 2 1

10. There is enough number of computers 5 4 3 2 1
maintaining regional database for
police information network.

B. Financial Resources

1. Funds are available for procurements of CNS 5 4 3 2 1
equipment & facilities.

2. Financial plans are included in the budgetary 5 4 3 2 1
allocation for CNS enhancement in terms
of personnel upgrading.

3. Financial plans are included in the budgetary 5 4 3 2 1
allocation for CNS enhancement in terms of
upgrading of facilities and equipment.

4. Additional funds for CNS are generated
5 4 3 2 1
through grants and donations from local
government (LGUs).

Part III. Level of Effectiveness in Communications Network System (CNS)
in the maintenance of peace and order.

Directions: Please rate the level of effectiveness of the Communications
Network System of Benguet Police Provincial Office (BPPO) by encircling
the appropriate number using the designated scales for the specific
indicator:

5 = Very Effective

- 100% effectiveness on CNS

4 = Effective

- 75% effectiveness on CNS

3 = Moderately Effective
- 50% effectiveness on CNS

2 = Slightly Effective

- 25% effectiveness on CNS

1 = Not Effective

- 0% effectiveness on CNS
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

80
In your own experience, how effective is Communication Networking
System in terms of the following:

1.
Response
time.

5 4 3 2 1

2. Contact (inform) the concerned police personnel 5 4 3 2 1

3. Enhancing of the community in providing
5 4 3 2 1
information.

4. During conduct of arrest, search and seizure. 5 4 3 2 1

5. Enhancement on investigation.

5 4 3 2 1

6. Enhancement on intelligence.

5 4 3 2 1

Part IV. Seriousness of Problems related to Communication Networking
System (CNS)

Directions: Please rate the degree of seriousness of the Benguet Police
Provincial Office Communications Network System (CNS) in the
maintenance of peace and order by encircling the appropriate number
using the scale shown below:

5 = Very Serious

- 100% serious

4
=
Serious
-
75%
serious

3 = Moderately Serious
- 50% serious

2 = Slightly Serious
- 25% serious

1 = Not Serious

- 0% serious

1. Lack of trained personnel to handle of CNS. 5 4 3 2 1

2. Inadequate communications equipments and 5 4 3 2 1
facilities

3. Difficult to contact radio base station (signal). 5 4 3 2 1

4. Effect of out-moded commo equipment.
5 4 3 2 1

The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

81

5. Lack of community cooperation in terms of 5 4 3 2 1
revealing information.

6. Lack of support from local government (LGUs) 5 4 3 2 1
in providing additional communication equipment.

7. Lack of logistical support during field operation 5 4 3 2 1
in term of communication equipment.

Thank you for your support!!!

The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

Appendix D

Statistics on Criminal Cases referred to/handled by Benguet Police Provincial Office

Period covered: January – December 2001

Index Crimes
Non-Index
Total
Total
Crime

Municipality
Crimes
Crime
Crime
Solved
AMCR
Pop

Against Person
Against
Total
Total
Total
Total
Volume
Solved
(%)
property
Index
Index
Non-
Non-
Mur
Hom
Phy
Rape Rob Theft
Crimes

Crimes
Index
Index
Inj
Solved
Crimes
Crimes
Solved
La
Trinidad 2 9 18 7 26 12 81 56 30 30 111 86 77.47
.0013 83,050
Itogon
2 4 2 4 4 8 6 75.00
.0019
40,034
Tuba
1 1 2
2

2
2 100 .00005 39,455
Buguias 1 1 2 2

2
2 100
.00059
33,784
Mankayan 1 1 2 2 2 2
2
2 100
.000050
39,614
Bakun
1 1 1

1
1 100
.000064
15,521
Bokod

9,991
Kabayan 1 1 2 2 1 1
2
2 100
.00016
11,845
Kapangan 1 1 1

1
1 100
.000066
15,126
Atok
1
1 1 2 2 1 1 100
.000061
16,384
Kibungan

16,612
Tublay
1 1 1

1
1 100
.000064
15,414
Sablan
1
1 1 1 1 1 1 100
.000094
10,412

The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

Appendix D - 1

Statistics on Criminal Cases referred to/handled by Benguet Police Provincial Office

Period covered: January – December 2002

Index Crimes
Non-Index
Total
Total
Crime

Municipality
Crimes
Crime
Crime
Solved
AMCR
Pop

Against Person
Against
Total
Total
Total
Total
Volume
Solved
(%)
property
Index
Index
Non-
Non-
Mur
Hom
Phy
Rape Rob Theft
Crimes

Crimes
Index
Index
Inj
Solved
Crime
Crimes
s
Solved
La
Trinidad 4 5 55 9 25 38 106 101 47 46 153 148 96.73
.0017 86,648
Itogon 1

10
2
1
6
20
20
5 5 25 25
100
.00063
39,443
Tuba

1

1
3
3 8 7 4 4 15 14
93.33
.00037
39,478
Buguias 1

5

1
2 9 7 3 3 12 10
83.33
.00034
34,737
Mankayan
1

1
1
3 6 5 4 4 10 9 90.00
.00024
40,313
Bakun
1
2

1
4 4 9 9 13 13 100
.00081
15,968
Bokod

2

2 4 3 2 2 6 5 83.33
.00060
9,971
Kabayan 1

1
1
3 3 8 8 11 11 100
.00091
12,047
Kapangan 2 1 1 4 4

4
4 100
.00026
15,118
Atok
1

2

1
1 5 4 7 7 12 11
91.66
.00072
16,604
Kibungan

1
2 3 3 9 9 12 12 100
.00070
17,008
Tublay

1

5 6 5 3 3 9 8 88.88
.00057
15,755
Sablan

6 6 4 2 2 8 6 75.00
.00075
10,602

The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

Appendix D - 2

Statistics on Criminal Cases referred to/handled by Benguet Police Provincial Office

Period covered: January – December 2003

Index Crimes
Non-Index
Total
Total
Crime

Municipality
Crimes
Crime
Crime
Solved
AMCR
Pop

Against Person
Against
Total
Total
Total
Total
Volume
Solved
(%)
property
Index
Index
Non-
Non-
Mur
Hom
Phy
Rape Rob Theft
C
rimes
Crimes
Index
Index
Inj
Solved
Crimes
Crimes
Solved
La
Trinidad
1
8
13
6
20
21 69 62 19 18 88 80 90.90
.00097
90,250
Itogon

2
2
4 4 1 1 5 5 100
.00012
38,852
Tuba
1 1 1 1 4 4

4
4 100
.00010
39,502
Buguias 1 1 1 3 3

3
3 100
.000084
35,690
Mankayan 1 1 1 1 4 4

4
4 100
.000097
41,131
Bakun

1

1
1 1 1
100
.000069
16,414
Bokod

1

1
1 1 1
100
.00010
9,951
Kabayan
1 1 1
1 1 100
.000081
12,248
Kapangan
1 1 1
1 1 100
.000066
15,110
Atok

1 1 1
1 1 100
.00059
16,823
Kibungan 1 1 1
1 1 100
.000057
17,404
Tublay

16,096
Sablan

10,792

The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

Appendix D - 3

Statistics on Criminal Cases referred to/handled by Benguet Police Provincial Office

Period covered: January – December 2004

Index Crimes
Non-Index
Total
Total
Crime

Municipality
Crimes
Crime
Crime
Solved
AMCR
Pop

Against Person
Against
Total
Total
Total
Total
Volume
Solved
(%)
property
Index
Index
Non-
Non-
Mur
Hom
Phy
Rape Rob Theft
Crimes
Crimes
Index
Index
Inj
Solved
Crimes
Crimes
Solved
La Trinidad
1
3
19
4
22
10
59
54
7
6
66
60
90.90
.00070
93,861
Itogon
1 1 1
1 1 100
.000011
88,261
Tuba

1 1 1
1 1 100
.000025
39,525
Buguias

36,645
Mankayan
3
3 2
3 2 66.66
.000071
41,890
Bakun

1

1
1 1 1
100
.000059
16,862
Bokod

9,931
Kabayan

12,494
Kapangan

15,102
Atok
1 1 1 1

1
1 100
.000058
17,042
Kibungan

17,800
Tublay
1 1 1

1
1 100
.000060
16,437
Sablan

10,982

The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

Appendix D - 4

Statistics on Criminal Cases referred to/handled by Benguet Police Provincial Office

Period covered: January – December 2005

Index Crimes
Non-Index
Total
Total
Crime

Municipality
Crimes
Crime
Crime
Solved
AMCR
Pop

Against Person
Against
Total
Total
Total
Total
Volume
Solved
(%)
property
Index
Index
Non-
Non-

Mur
Hom
Phy Rape Rob Theft Crimes
Crimes
Index
Index
Inj
Solved
Crimes
Crimes
Solved
La
Trinidad 2 3
7 2
16
20 50 46 11 11 61 57
93.44
.00062
97,469
Itogon

4
4 4 5 5 9 9 100
.00023
37,670
Tuba
3

1
2
6 4 1 1 7 5
71.42
.00017
39,549
Buguias
2 2 3 7 4

7 4 57.14
.00018
37,597
Mankayan
1

2
1
4 4 1 1 5 5 100
.00011
42,644
Bakun

17,308
Bokod

1
1 1 1 1 100
.00010
9,911
Kabayan

12,649
Kapangan

15,094
Atok

17,259
Kibungan 1 1 1
1 1 100
.000054
18,194
Tublay
1 1 1
1 1 100
.000059
16,777
Sablan 1

1

1
3 2 1 1 4 3
75.00
.00035
11,171

The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

Appendix D - 5

Statistics on Criminal Cases referred to/handled by Benguet Police Provincial Office

Period covered: January – July 2006

Index Crimes
Non-Index
Total
Total
Crime

Municipality
Crimes
Crime
Crime
Solved
AMCR
Pop

Against Person
Against
Total
Total
Total
Total
Volume
Solved
(%)
property
Index
Index
Non-
Non-

Mur
Ho
Phy
Rape Rob Theft
Crimes

Crimes
Index
Index
m
Inj
Solved
Crimes
Crimes
Solved
La
Trinidad
1 7 1 10 9 28 27 3 3 31 30 96.74
.00030
101,260
Itogon 2
2
2 1 2 3 12 11 4 4 16 15 93.75
.00042
37,708
Tuba
1

1 1 3 3 7 4 3 3 10 7 70.00
.00025
39,588
Buguias

2 1 3 3 3 3 100
.000077
38,497
Mankayan

43,291
Bakun

1

1
1 1 1
100
.000056
17,732
Bokod

9,961
Kabayan

12,815
Kapangan 1 1 1

1
1 100
.000066
15,102
Atok

17,426
Kibungan

1 1 0 1 0
.000053
18,553
Tublay

1 1 1 100
.000058
17,080
Sablan

1
1 1 1 1 100
.000088
11,331

The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

The researcher was born during the rainy season of July 25, the
third child among seven children of Elvin Magayam Lee of Besao,
Mountain Province and Elizabeth Abadey Tom of Balakbak, Kapangan,
Benguet. She was then named Eleanor on her christening at St. Joseph
Parish Church in La Trinidad, Benguet.

She started her Elementary school at Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet from 1982-1988. Her Secondary education was at San
Jose High School, Poblacion, La Trinidad, Benguet from 1988-1992. She
finished her degree Bachelor of Science in Forestry at Benguet State
University in 1996.

Later, she was recruited in the Philippine National Police
Communication and Electronics Service in 1998 as Police Officer I and
trained for six months and successfully completed the prescribed Program
of Instruction for the Public Safety Basic Recruit Course (PNP) conducted
by the Philippine Public Safety College, Cordillera Administrative Region
Training School, Teachers Camp, Baguio City in March 1999.

After the training, she was then assigned at the Regional
Communication Office-CAR based at Camp Bado Dangwa, La Trinidad,
Benguet. She was first designated as Admin Clerk. With trust and
The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

89
confidence from her Officers, she was designated as Admin/Personnel
Police Non-Commissioned Officer from July 1999 up to this date. In the
course of her work, she has been a recipient of several awards and
commendations in recognition of her valuable performance rendered in
the service. In August 2004, she was adjudged as “Junior PNCO of the
Year 2004” defeating the other 16 regions of the Philippines. The plague
was awarded by Police Chief Superintendent FROILAN M MEDIOS
(Director, PNPCES) and Police Director General LEANDRO MENDOZA
(Chief, PNP).

Further, implementation of RA 8551 also known as the PNP Reform
and Reorganization Act 1998 encouraged the researcher to pursue an
advanced degree in education, thus enrolling Master of Public
Administration at Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.

The researcher is happily married to Ronald Flores Ancheta of
Naguilian, La Union, whom she met in her work – also a PNP officer. They
are now blessed with three sons, Ronel Rey – 5 years old, Reynaldo Mark
– 4 years old and Ronald Jesse – 8 months old.

The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System:
Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order / Eleanor L. Ancheta. 2006

Document Outline

The Benguet Police Provincial Office Communications Networking System: Its Status in the Maintenance of Peace and Order.
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
  - Background of the Study
  - Statement of the Problem
  - Objectives of the study
  - Importance of the Study
  - Scope and Delimitation of the Study
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
  - The Importance of CommunicationsNetwork System
  - The PNP Communications and ElectronicsService (Regional/Provincial Office)
  - Profile of Respondents andRelationship to Performance
  - Effectiveness
  - Effectiveness of the CommunicationsNetworking System
  - Conceptual Framework
  - Definitions of Terms
  - Hypotheses of the Study
- METHODOLOGY
  - Locale of the Study
  - Respondents of the Study
  - Research Design
  - Research Instrument
  - Data Gathering Procedure
  - Statistical Treatment of Data
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
  - Demographic Profile of BenguetPolice Provincial Office Personnel
  - Level of Adequacy of CommunicationNetworking System and Resources
  - Level of Effectiveness of CommunicationsNetworking System in the Maintenanceof Peace and Order
  - Level of Seriousness of Problems relatedto Communications Networking System
  - Level on Crime Rate Incidents
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  - Summary
  - Conclusions
  - Recommendations
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES
- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH