TABLE OF CONTENTS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PATRICIO, HARRY A. APRIL 2011. Contribution of the composting project
located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad, Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office.
Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Hilario C. Perez, MSc
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted at La Trinidad, Benguet with the following objectives:
to determine the socio-economic profile of the respondents, their perceptions towards the
Induyan compost, the effect of compost on crop growth, the benefits in using Induyan
compost and the problems encountered in using Induyan compost.
The data gathered through questionnaire and personal interview from thirty (30)
respondents. Majority of them were married and had either finished elementary, high
school or college. Their source of livelihood is farming with an experience ranging from
2 to 40 years. However, some of the respondents augmented their income through other
off-farm occupation like being government employee and hired labor. Majority of the
respondents lease the land they tilled and was on open field ranging from 500 square
meter to 5,000 square meter area of cultivation.
Compost fertilizer provided adequate nutrients needed by plants improved soil
condition, and improved plant growth to be resistant to diseases. The perceptions towards
Induyan compost are natural fertilizer, soil conditioner and rich in nutrients. Thus,
respondents confirmed wherein compost is advantageous to plants and helped farmers on
their farm.
The effect of compost was: robust plants and fast germination, occurrences of late
blight, early blight are incidence pest and diseases that affect the growth of the plants.
Also the reduced interval irrigation was the moisture content that respondent confirmed.
The soil condition was soil is elastic and weeds are easily grown.
With regards to the benefits in using Induyan compost as fertilizer, it reduced farm
inputs, better quality of production and quality of vegetable and cheaper compared to
inorganic fertilizer. Most of the respondents used fully compost in their farms and
considered the texture was fine.
Observations and problems encountered by the respondents while using compost
are late blight, cut worms, plant is very robust so it is easily attacked by fungus, plants are
stunted and needs foliar fertilizer.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Page
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
i
Abstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Table of Contents
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
METHODOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Profile of the Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Perception Towards Induyan Compost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Advantages of Using Compost
Compared to Inorganic Fertilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
Methods of Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
Time of Fertilizer Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
Effect of Compost on Crop Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Germination Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Incidences of Pest or Diseases
During Plant Maturity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
Moisture Content Extent of Irrigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
Soil Conditions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
19
Page
Weed Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
19
Benefits in Using Induyan Compost
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
21
21
Problems Encountered in Using
Induyan Compost
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Characteristics of Compost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Problems Encountered While Using
Compost on Farm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . .
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LITERATURE CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. Communication Letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vi
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
The Municipal Agriculture Office aims to sustain the composting facility at
Induyan, Alno by continuous operation and maintenance to produce readily available and
quality organic fertilizer that would benefit farmer-users. And to show that composting is
one of the most effective means of managing biodegradable waste.
Compost is composed of organic matter derived from plant and animal matter that
has been decomposed largely through aerobic decomposition. The process of composting
is a simple practice by individuals in their homes, and farmers on their land; Compost can
be rich in nutrients and is useful in gardens, landscaping, horticulture and agriculture. The
compost itself is beneficial for the land in many ways, such as soil conditioner, a
fertilizer, addition of vital humus or humic acid and as a natural pesticide of the soil
(Wikipedia, 2010).
Organic product not only contributes to the maintenance of healthy life but also
contribute to the maintenance of a healthy regional economic health (Cabreza and
Caluza, 2002). Aside from providing safe and nutritious food it also makes sure that
physical bodies of human beings continue to be the effective vehicles for the growth of
and intention of the human spirit. It can be eaten raw or cooked and is a good source of
nutrients like vitamins and minerals.
The application of organic matter is considered to be one of the most important
components in maintaining ecological balance in the soil. It is less expensive because the
materials to be used in making compost are found in the locality life in manure, grass and
rotten leaves and has lasting effect on the soil for favorable plant growth and
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
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development. Organic fertilizer is the natural fertilizer used in the cultivation of farmers
in the gardens. It does not need any high expenses, but requires a lot of time preparing it.
Organic farming provides to be more profitable and it was found out that it has
the ability to preserve soil by reducing soil erosion up to a large extent. It’s not only
beneficial on the farm, but it is also useful for the dairy industry. Cattle grazing on
organic farmland had been found to be less prone to diseases and yield more milk. These
are definitely good signs for consumer of dairy product from health perspective and for
dairy organization from the profit perspective (Deshmukh, undated).
Since organic farming has now become a topic, the agriculture sector and the
municipal office of agriculture at La Trinidad, Benguet is producing compost as one of
their project, a thorough study must be conducted, in order to gather data on how farmers
perceive organic farming, and to further inquire in using composed fertilizer.
Statement of the Problem
Specifically, the study answered the following questions:
1. What is the socio-economic profile of the respondents?
2. What are their perceptions toward the Induyan compost?
3. What are the possible effects of compost on crop growth?
4. What are the benefits in using Induyan compost?
5. What are the problems encountered in using Induyan compost?
Objectives of the Study
1. To determine the socio-economic profile of the respondents;
2. To determine the perceptions toward the Induyan compost;
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
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3. To determine the possible effects of compost on crop growth;
4. To determine the benefits in using Induyan compost; and
5. To determine the problems encountered in using Induyan compost.
Importance of the Study
The study found out the perceptions, possible effects and the benefits of farmer-
user on composed fertilizer. The result of this study served as a guide to encourage more
farmers to use low cost fertilizer, which maybe environmental free and still have better
yield and production. It also provided insight to extensionist, researchers, trainers and
farmers who are using organic fertilizers as an important technology in their production.
Scope and Limitation
The study was conducted at the municipal office of La Trinidad, Benguet. It was
limited on farmer-users to the practices usage on organic fertilizer, and the problems they
encountered.
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
4
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Organic fertilizer derived from decompose excrement from animals and or plant
residues which can supply one or more essential nutrient elements to plants organic
fertilizer are not expensive and abundant in the locality, it can minimize and reduce lower
cost of rain in put particularly on the fertilizer. The application of organic fertilizer will
also help to maintain soil fertility by improving soil physical and chemical such as
structure, tilt, a ration moisture movement and retention the goal of organic fertilizer is to
provide a better environment for the plant root system (Asuncion et al., 1976)
Pears and Stickland (1999) stated that organic matter contains a complex range of
ingredients, proteins, sugar, carbohydrate and all the other materials that make up plants
and animals. Organic matter has many benefits including helping soil particles adhere
together into crumb, thus improving the soil structure. These helps drainage in heavy soil,
making them more workable and easily penetrated by plant roots. Organic matter makes
light soils more moisture-preventive because it holds water. In addition, organic matter
also holds on to the nutrient elements in the same way as clay particles, preventing them
from being washed out.
On the other hand, application of organic matter is not only confined of its effects
on the performance of the present crop but also its effect on the soil. Since every farming
operation constantly destroy the desirable conditions of soil, constant application of
organic fertilizer should be practiced in order to preserve the productivity of the soil, a
pre-requisite of sustainable agriculture. Application of organic fertilizer is one of the
most practical fertilizers to be applied in the soil. It is needed in deciding what farm
management is to be practiced in the particular part of the soil (Tanguid, 2000).
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
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Pears (2002) said that organic fertilizers are product of plants, animals or mineral
origin. The nutrients they contain are generally released slowly over a period of time as a
fertilizer is broken down by microorganisms. This slow release feeding is generally much
better for plants than the quick fix chemical fertilizers. Avoiding the fast sappy growth
that can cause plants, to be more susceptible to insect attract and late spring frost.
Aside from livestock and flower production, vegetable farming is a good source
of income and livelihood in La Trinidad where around 5,860 hectares is devoted to
vegetable farming (Anonymous, 2004).
The only way for organic farming to become seriously notice would be for the
standard of the farming to become so high, that would eventually let the farmers see the
value of it; thus paring them the way to organic farming. For all the talk of market and
subsidies, the essential ingredient is the quality of the farming. Good organic farming has
to be both productive and ecological and the resulting food has to be excellent. Farmers
then have to build up their knowledge and understanding of the nature of the soils, and
what constitutes a really healthy soil from which healthy and productive crops and stock
grow. Both existing and incoming organic farmers have to be helped for them to develop
this understanding of the intricacies involved, so that they can bring together their
knowledge of manuring, rotations, weather and husbandry to develop really good systems
for the land for which they have the privilege of being responsible as stated (Newton,
2004).
Bennet (1995) pointed out that the incorporation vegetable matter in the soil,
whether in the form of compost, barnyard or manure, was usually in reducing erosion and
off. He reiterated that by improving the structural conditions, organic matter improves
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
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soil and increases its capacity to conserve moisture and deliver it readily to plant roots. It
improves soil condition, favoring root penetrations and growth with beneficial
microorganism and large organisms.
Effect of Organic Fertilizer
According to Rimando (2001), organic fertilizer have the advantage of providing
other essential materials other than inorganic ions, which are also needed for growth.
These substances may consist of vitamins and hormones. Organic also often also enhance
the growth of beneficial organisms which aid in the transformation of substances to more
available forms. Kinoshita (1972) reported that application of organic fertilizer in
sufficient amount improve soil structure, serve to improve soil tilt, and aids in desirable
processes in the soil. Further more applications of organic fertilizer increases not only the
quantity of nutrient elements for plant growth and development but also decrease bulk
density of the soil organism matter can increase water absorption and lessen water run
off, leaching, erosion. The increased porosity causes greater aeration favoring different
kinds of bacteria for nutrient liberation. The greatest benefit of organic fertilizer is that it
releases the supply of available nutrient element especially N for efficient utilization of
plant (Tisdale and Nelson, 1954).
Brady (1990) point out that farm manure is valuable to crop because of its
nitrogen content and influence on the soil and it is considered animal and plant material
that tend to intended the yielding of crops. He added that animal manure is valuable
sources of both macro and micro element apart from providing a habit for beneficial soil
organisms. The value of farm manure is determined not only by the organic matte it
furnishes but specially by the quantity of nitrogen that it supplies. Manure has various
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
7
effects on the soil which promotes plant growth. It adds plant food to the soil, adds
humus, raises the temperature of the soil, increases the water holding capacity of the soil,
increase the number of beneficial organism, promotes fermentation changes and provide
food to the organism which assist making plant food available (Subido, 1955). Similarly,
Dogoon and Cadiz (1985) stated that cow manure is a good source of fiber and fertilizers
to the soil.
Processed chicken manure is safer to use because it has under gone processing. It
has higher food nutrients because it has undergone decomposition where in
mineralization, ammonification and nitrification takes place. These are readily available
to plant.
Alnus compost is abundant in the highlands that can be a perfect organic nitrogen
source. It is easy to compost and hasten decomposition (Pandosen, 1986) as cited by
Marcelino (1995). At present, alnus has been discovered as a good source of organic
fertilizer, it is also friendly to the environment and also control some diseases. Tan (1975)
mentioned that compost is used to improve in various ways, it granulates the soil particles
and make it loose for easy tillage. It improves the soil drainage aside from being a very
good source of plant nutrients. Cadiz and Aycardo (1977) stated that there are needs for
a sustained application of compost to provide the food supply needs of crop and feed the
beneficial flora and fauna especially the microbes that make the tied-up nutrients
available. In 1994, Mechalak cited that compost is good source of organic matter and
nutrient for plants. It improves soil structure and water retention. Compost contains
beneficial microorganisms that suppress plant pathogen in soil.
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
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Bautista (1986) stated that the soil for vegetable production should be rich in
organic matter to achieve this condition is through sustained application of compost..
Composting weed, manure and other farm wastes are converted to useful soil
amendment, which when use in the farm can improve soil structure making it deal for
vegetable production. Bautista (1983) cited that fertilizer should be applied as close as
possible to the roots without hindrance to germination or root growth. It should be
supplied when nutrients are most needed, usually at early vegetable stage and at
flowering or fruiting times. For areas with equal distribution of rainfall during the year or
in sandy soil or where there is irrigation the required fertilizer dosage can be applied two
to three application if two applications were made, one half of the fertilizer is usually
applied at planting and the other half during blooming stage.
The organic farming research foundation (OFRF) in the United States of America
defined organic farming as a modern, sustainable farming system which maintains the
long term fertility of the soil and uses less of earth’s finite resources to produce high
quality, nutritious (OFRF, 2004). Furthermore, the International Federation of Organic
Agriculture Movement (IFOAM), states the purpose of organic agriculture is to optimize
the health and productivity of independent communities of soil life, plants, animals and
people.
Organic farming as stated by Magdoff and Weil (2004) does not allow the use of
synthetic pesticide or fertilizer and is intended to reduce the detrimental effect of
agriculture on soils, animals and the environment.
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
9
Advantages of Organic Farming
Organic farming lowers the operating cost of the farmers. This is because they
don’t have to spend money anymore in purchasing chemicals and fertilizers. This would
enable them to expand their operations because of bigger profits. Furthermore, it would
also mean additional employment for others in the community. The most important of the
advantage of organic food is that it maintains the life of the soil, not only for the current
generation, but also for the future generation. Water pollution is reducing with organic
farming. Most of the times after it rain, the water form the field, which contain chemicals,
gets drained into the rivers. This pollutes the water bodies. In organic farming, since no
chemicals or synthetic are used, water pollution reduce well. Organic farming helps in
building richer soil. The rich soil helps on plant growth. The rate of soil erosion is
reducing drastically. A French study revealed that the nutritional quality and micro-
nutrients are present in higher quantities in organically produce crops. The micro-
nutrients promote good health. Organically grown food tastes better too. The life of
organically grown plants is longer than the plants cultivated by traditional methods.
Organically grown crop is drought tolerant. However, along with the pros of organic
farming, there are certain cons of organic farming too. The first disadvantage of organic
farming is low productivity. With the highly developed chemicals and machinery, the
farmer is able to multiply his harvest manifold times. The organic farmers use the
cultivation method as opposed to drilling method used by the tradition farmers. The next
argument, which goes against organic farming is that organically produce food is
expensive. The cost is very often 50-100 percent more than the traditional food. The other
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
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valid argument is that organic food is not always available. There is a reason behind that
(Lastimosa, 2009).
Furthermore, Lastimosa (2009) stated that crop rotation, green manure, use of
natural fertilizers and biological pest control from the crux of organic farming. It is a
proactive ecology management strategy. This strategy enhances the fertility of the soil
erosion and the same time protects the humans and animal kingdom from the side effect
of chemicals and synthetics.
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
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METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study
The municipal office of agriculture has a project on composed fertilizer, aimed to
sustain the composting facility at Induyan, Alno by continuous operation and
maintenance to produce quality organic fertilizer that benefit farmer-user. The study was
conducted at the Municipal Office of Agriculture, La Trinidad, Benguet. It was
conducted from December 2010 to January 2011.
Data Collection
Survey questionnaire was used in collecting necessary data from the respondents.
It was supplemented with observation and personal interview. The items in the
questionnaire were filled up by the researcher. Through explanation of the questions to
the respondents is to be fatherly done by the researcher for their intensive understanding,
and for safe accuracy purposes. The interview was conducted at any time of the day,
depending on the respondents’ most convenient time.
Data Analysis
The needed information were categorized and presented in table form. The data
were analyzed using the mean and percentage.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Socio-Economic Profile of the Respondents
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
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Table 1 presents the background information of the respondents. Variables such
as age, sex, civil status, nature of farming, the number of years in farming and type of
farming.
Age. Thirty percent (30%) of the respondents belong to the ages 41 to 50 years
old; twenty seven percent (27%) belong to ages 20 to 30; and forty three percent (43%)
from 31 to 40 years of age.
Sex. The data show that 80% of the respondents were males and 20% were
females. However, this does not mean that females had lesser participation on organic
farming specifically on the Induyan compost.
Civil status. Eighty three percent (83%) of the respondents were married.
Seventeen percent (17%) were still single. This means that the married respondents were
active in farm activities to support their family.
Educational attainment. Twelve percent (12%) of the respondents were able to
reach high school level; ten percent (10%) finished college; seven percent (7%) reached
elementary level, while one percent (1%), vocational course.
This shows that all of the respondents are literate and are receptive to learn new
knowledge, and are interested on using compost as fertilizer on their plants.
Tenure status. Sixty seven percent (67%) of the respondents lease the land they
were cultivating, twenty three percent (23%) owned the land and ten percent (10%)
rented.
Table 1. The socio-economic profile of the respondents
PARTICULARS
NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
(%)
Age
20-30
8
27
31-40
7
23
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
13
41-50
9
30
51-60
6
20
TOTAL 30
100
Sex
Male
24
80
Female
6
20
TOTAL 30
100
Educational attainment
Elementary
7
23
High School
12
40
College
10
33
Vocational
1
3.3
TOTAL 30
99
Tenure status
Owned
7
23
Lessee
20
67
Rented
3
10
TOTAL 30
100
Areas cultivated
100 sq.m – 500 sq.m
3
10
500 sq.m-1,000 sq.m
8
27
1,000 sq.m-5,000 sq.m
8
27
5,000 sq.m-10,000 sq.m
10
33
10,000 sq.m-20,000 sq.m
1
3
TOTAL 30
100
Nature of Farming
Full time
20
67
Part time
7
23
Hired labor
3
10
TOTAL 30
100
Number of years
2 – 5
4
13
6 – 10
9
30
11 – 15
8
27
16 – 20
1
3
21 – 25
4
13
26 – 30
2
7
31 – 35
36 – 40
2
7
TOTAL 30
100
Type of farming
Green House
4
13
Open field
26
87
TOTAL 30
100
Nature of farming. Majority of the respondents (67%) were full time in farming
and using compost and 23% of the respondents were part time in farming while 3% hired
labor.
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
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Number of years in farming. With regards to the number of years in farming,
30% of the respondents are engaged in farming for 6 to 10 years; 27% for 11 to 15 years;
13% for 21 to 25 years; 13% for 21 to 25 years; 7% for 26 to 30 years; and 7% for 36 to
40 years. The 3% were engaged for 16 to 25 years in using Induyan compost. This shows
that the respondents are experienced farmers.
Types of farming. On type of farming, majority of the respondents (87%)
operated in open field farms while 13% of the respondents were in green houses.
Areas cultivated. Among the 30 respondents, 33% of the respondents had an area
of 5,000 to 10,000 square meters; 27% with 1,000 to 5,000 square meters and 27% with
100 to 500 square meters; and only 3% of the respondents cultivated an area of 10,000 to
20,000 square meters.
Perception Towards Induyan Compost
Table 2 shows the perception of the respondents toward induyan compost, 70% of
the respondents considered it as a natural fertilizer; 67% as a good soil conditioner; 47%
indicated that compost is rich in nutrient which has the capacity to produce nutrients; and
27% said that compost is a free chemical fertilizer which indicates that compost produces
better quality plants.
Table 2. Perception towards the Induyan compost
FACTORS/REASONS NUMBER
OF
RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE (%)
Natural fertilizer
21
70
Soil conditioner
20
67
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
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Rich in nutrients
14
47
Free chemical fertilizer
8
27
Advantages of Using Compost
compared to Inorganic Fertilizer
Table 3 shows the advantages of the organic fertilizer compared to the inorganic
fertilizer 87% of the respondents indicated that it improved the soil condition; 53% of the
respondents indicated that compost was a good fertilizer which provides adequate
nutrients needed for plant growth; 33% said that it could provide better crop production;
30%, much cheaper compared to the inorganic fertilizer. This shows that compost is more
advantageous in terms of price of the production or technology for the users to afford in
marketing as fertilizer to their farm crops. Although it shows that only 33% said it helped
farmers reduced farm inputs.
Methods of Application
Table 4 shows that 50% of the respondents practiced basal application; 40% of
respondents practiced broad casting; and 17% used side dressing. This finding implies
that the respondents have their different practices in applying fertilizer.
Time of Fertilizer Application
Table 5 shows that 80% of the respondents applied compost fertilizer before
planting and 37% of the respondents applied after planting. The finding implies that the
respondents practiced different ways in applying fertilizer.
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
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Table 3. Advantages of using compost compared to inorganic fertilizer
FACTORS
NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE( %)
Improve soil condition
26
87
Compost is a fertilizer which
16 53
provide adequate nutrients
needed by plant
Improve plant growth and can
16 53
help plants to be resistant to
diseases
Much cheaper compared to the
9 30
inorganic fertilizer
Provide better of crop
10 33
production
Table 4. Methods of application
METHODS NUMBER
OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
Basal placement
15
50
Broad casting
12
40
Side dressing
5
17
Table 5.Time of fertilizer application
TIME OF APPLICATION NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
After planting
11
37
Before planting
24
80
Effect of Compost on Crop Growth
Table 6 presents the effect of compost on growth of plant. Most (90%) of the
respondents said that their plants were robust with the use of compost and 7% of the
respondents said that their plants were easily attacked by diseases. This shows that
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
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compost contribute a big factor to the growth of plants. Furthermore, nutrient analysis of
Induyan compost from the Municipal Agriculture Office are 7.9 pH, 1.82 nitrogen (% N),
1.44 phosphorus (% P205), 1.89 potassium (% k20), 40.52 organic carbon (%), total NPK
5.15. This finding of Induyan compost was analyzed by the Bureau of Soils and Water
Management, Diliman, Quezon City which implies the Induyan compost is an ideal
fertilizer for plants
Germination Growth
Table 7 presents that most of the respondents confirmed that compost could
contribute to plant in terms of germination, 70% said that the plant was high rate to
germinate, while few or 13% observed low germination rate.
Table 6. Effect of compost on crop growth
MATURITY OF PLANT
NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
Plant is robust
27
90
Plant is easily attacked by
2 7
diseases
Table 7.Germination growth
GERMINATION GROWTH
NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE (%)
Fast to germinate
27
70
Slow to germinate
4
13
Incidences of Pest and Diseases
During Plant Maturity
Table 8 presents the pests or diseases, 27% observed late blight; and 23%, early
blight; while only 3% said that plants were stunted. However, this may not be attributed
to the compost since there are environmental factors to consider.
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
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Moisture Content Extent of Irrigation
Moisture content extent of irrigation represents the effect and the contribution in
using compost to the extent of irrigation is shown in Table 9. Majority (47%) of the
respondents indicated twice a week of irrigating their plant; 70% before sunrise; 17%
once a day; and 3% one time in a week, one day sprinkle, in every two days, in four times
a week. Based on observation the use of compost irrigation interval reduced.
Soil Conditions
Table 10 shows the contribution of compost fertilizer in soil condition.
This table shows that 57% said that soil is yielding, while 8 or 27% said that soil is firm.
These findings show that the use of compost contribute to improve the soil condition.
Table 8. Incidences of pest or diseases during plant maturity
PEST OR DISEASES
NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
Late blight
8
27
Early blight
7
23
Plant are stunted
1
3
Table 9. Moisture content extent of irrigation
HOW MANY TIMES TO
NUMBER OF
PERCENTAGE (%)
IRRIGATE THE PLANT
RESPONDENTS
2 times a week
14
17
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
19
Before sunrise
2
7
3 times a week
2
7
1 times a week
1
3
1 day sprinkle
1
3
Every 2 days
1
3
4 times a week
1
3
Once a day
5
17
Table 10. Soil condition
SOIL CONDITION
NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
(%)
Soil is firm
8
27
Soil is yielding
17
57
Weed Control
Table 11 shows that 57% of the respondents observed that weeds easily grew;
30% said that easy to control; and 7% of the respondents found difficulty in controlling
weeds based on their observation because on the use of compost that may have affect on
the growth of weeds.
Benefits in Using Induyan Compost
Table 12 presents the benefits in using Induyan compost. 60% of the respondents
confirmed that it reduces farm inputs, while 60% confirmed that it had better quality of
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
20
production, 53% of the respondents said it helped produced better quality vegetable; 47%
cheaper compared to the inorganic fertilizer; 33% said that production of chemical
free vegetables; and 20% observed the increase in the quantity of production. This
Table 11.Weed control
WEED CONTROL
NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
(%)
Easy to control
9
30
Hard to control
2
7
Weeds are easily grown
17
57
Table 12. Benefits in using Induyan compost
FACTORS NUMBER
OF
PERCENTAGE (%)
RESPONDENTS
Reduce farm inputs
18
60
Better quality of production
18
60
Production of better quality of
16 53
vegetable
Cheaper compared to the inorganic
14 47
fertilizer
Production of free chemical crops
10 33
Increase production (sq.m
9
30
Weight is increased
6
20
shows that less farm inputs, better quality of production, production of quality vegetable,
cheaper compared to inorganic fertilizer.
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
21
Problems Encountered in Using Induyan Compost
Table 13 presents that 57% confirmed that Induyan compost was fully
decomposed, while 3% said that was not composed. The result shows that 57% of the
respondents implied that it was fully composed this means that most of the users claimed
the Induyan compost is effective as an organic fertilizer. Furthermore, the findings also
show that some of the respondents were still not contented with the finished compost
product.
Characteristics of Compost
Majority (73%) of the respondents claimed that the texture of the compost was
fine; and 33% said it had a foul smelling. This finding shows that the respondents had
various description of the Induyan compost as shown in Table 14.
Table 13. Problems encountered in using Induyan compost
MATURITY OF
NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
COMPOST
Fully decomposed
17
57
Slightly composed
12
40
Not composed
1
3
Table 14. Characteristics of compost
CHARACTERISTICS
NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
Texture is fine
22
73
Foul -smelling
10
33
Problems Encountered while Using
Compost on Farm
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
22
Table 15 shows the observations of the respondents in using Induyan compost.
Plant pest and diseases noted were the late blight, cut worms, easily attacked by fungus,
plant were stunted, unmetered compost, source of fusarium wilt, causes burning of plants
when not properly compost.
Table 15. Problems encountered
CHARACTERISTICS
NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
Late blight
1
3
Cut worms
1
3
Plant is very robust
1
3
Plant are stunted
1
3
Unmetered compost
1
3
Causes burning of plants
1
3
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
23
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The study was conducted in La Trinidad, Benguet, and focused on the
contribution of composting project located at Induyan, Alno, La Trinidad, Benguet under
the Municipal Agriculture Office.
The respondents were vegetable farmers. Majority of them were married and had
either finished elementary, high school or college. Their main source of livelihood is
farming with an experience ranging from 2 to 40 years. However, some of the
respondents augmented their income through other off-farm occupation like government
employment and hired labor. Majority of the respondents lease the land they tilled on
open field, and had 500 square meter to 5,000 square meter area of cultivation.
Compost fertilizer provided adequate nutrients needed b plants, improved soil
condition, and improved plant growth to be resistant to diseases. Perceptions toward
Induyan compost such as natural fertilizer, free chemical fertilizer, and soil conditioner
rich in nutrients. Thus respondents confirmed wherein compost is advantageous to plants
and helped farmers on their farm.
The effects of compost were robust plants, fast germination and occurrence of late
blight, early blight was incidence pest and diseases that affect the growth of the plants.
Also the compost reduced interval irrigation was the moisture content that respondent
confirmed. The soil condition was elastic and weeds are easily grown. However, NPK
analysis of compost includes nitrogen which helps plant foliage to grow strong,
phosphorus helps roots and flowers development and potassium (potash) is important for
the plants
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
24
With regard to the benefits in using Induyan compost as fertilizer at reduced farm
inputs, better quality of production, and quality of vegetable, cheaper compared to
inorganic fertilizer.
Most of respondents used fully compost in their farms and considered the texture
is fine.
Problems encountered while using compost such as late blight, cut worms, plant is
very robust so it is easily attacked by fungus, plants are stunted, needs foliar fertilizer.
Thus are the observation and problems by the respondents while using compost.
Conclusions
These were the conclusions drawn from the study:
1. The respondents were married, middle age and literate. Farming was their main
source of income although they were engaged in other off farm activities to augment their
income;
2. The use of compost improves their production in terms of quality. Furthermore
it improves soil conditions;
3. Compost is a way for plants to become robust. Its high rate in germination and
irrigation interval reduce, soil become yielding while weeds easily grown. Furthermore,
nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium levels are the basis for determining healthy plant
growth;
4. Compost provides free chemical crops and it reduced farm inputs; and
5. Respondents have problems while using compost. Include late blight, cut
worms, plant is very robust so it is easily attacked by fungus, plants were stunted, plants
need foliar fertilizer fusarium wilt and burning if it’s not properly composted.
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
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Recommendations
Based on the findings, the following recommendations are offered:
1. The project implementers of the Department of Agriculture should conduct
monitoring and follow-up to the users of compost;
2. Conduct trainings and seminars on proper use and application of compost
fertilizer;
3. Improvements in the production for farmers continue to use organic fertilizer;
4. To inform farmers about the benefits and advantages of using compost; and
5. To encourage farmers to use compost fertilizer to help in their production of
crops.
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
26
LITERATURE CITED
ANONYMOUS, 2004. Organic Materials Review Institute. Retrieved November 10,
2006 from http://search .www.omri.org.
ASUNCION, R.G., K.R. FLORES and F. D. SAN MIGUEL, JR. 1976. Introduction to
Horticulture and Landscape Gardening. Practical Arts Sta. Cruz, Manila. Saint
Mary’s Publishing. Pp. 59, 63.
BAUTISTA, O. K. 1983. Introduction to Tropical Horticulture. University of the
Philippines, Los Banos, Laguna.
BAUTISTA, O. K. 1986. Vegetable Production. Los Baños, Laguna, UPLB, College of
Agriculture.
BENNET. H. H. 1995. Elements of Soil Conservation. 2nd ed. New York, Mc Grawhill.
P. 358.
BRADY, N. C. 1990. The Nature and Properties of Soils. 10th ed. New York: McMillan
Pub. Co. Inc. P. 294.
CABREZA, V. and D. CALUZA. 2002. Pattern Shows Cordillera Region Dependent
Veggie Industry. Philippine Daily Inquirer. October 21.p.a.
CADIZ, T. G. and H. B. AYCARDO. 1977. Multiple Cropping with Vegetable Crop in
Vegetable Production. (O. K. Bautista and R. C. Mabesa eds). University of the
Philippines, Colesa, Laguna. Pp. 194-214.
DESHMUKH, U. undated. Benefits of Organic Farming. Retrieved January 25, 2011
from http://www.buzzlecom/..../benefits-of-organic-farming.html.
DOGOON, J. D. and T. G. CADIZ. 1985. Soils, Fertilizer and Plants. Rex Bookstore
Manila. Pp. 33-36.
KINOSHITA, K. U. 1972. Vegetable Production in Southeast Asia. UPCA, Los Baños,
Laguna. Philippine press.
LASTIMOSA, L. 2009. What is Organic Farming? (and its many benefits). Retrieved
October 25, 2009 from http:// www.mixpr.com/2009/08?What-is-organic-farming
and its many benefits.html.
MAGDOFF F and R. WEIL. 2004. Soil Organic Matter in Sustainable Agriculture CRC
press. P.309.
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
27
MARCELINO C. B. 1995. Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Yield of
NCT-8 Japonica Variety. BS Thesis, Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet. Pp. 4-6.
MECHALAK, P. S. 1994. Successful Organic Gardening Vegetable. MOE Becket Kevin
Weldon Production. Pp. 44-46.
NEWTON, J. 2004. Organic Farming-The Future will Best. Profitable Organic Farming.
2nd edition. Blackwell Publishing. P. 167.
ORGANIC FARMING RESEARCH FOUNDATION. 2004. Frequently asked questions
about organic farming OFRF, Santa Cruz. Retrieved December 10, 2009 from
http://222.ofrf.org/general/about_organic/index.html.
PEARS, P. 2002. Rodale’s Illustrate Encyclopedia Organic Gardening. Benguet State
University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
PEARS, P. and S. STICKLAND. 1999. The Royal Horticulture Society Organic
Gardening, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
RIMANDO, T. J. 2001. Ornamental horticultural: a little grant in the topics SEAMEO
SEARCA and UPLB college, Los Banos OFRF (Organic Farming Research
Foundation). 2004. Frequently asked questions about organic farming OFRF,
Santa Cruz. Retrieved December 10, 2009 from
http://www.ofrf.org/general/about_organic/index.html. Laguna, Philippines. P.
110.
SUBIDO, P. S. 1955. Fundamentals of Crop Production. Manila: Philippine Book
Company. Pp. 1-50.
TAN, P. S. 1975. Compost Making. The Industrial Life. UPCA. Los Baños, Laguna. P.
28.
TANGUID, B. R. 2000. The Effect of Organic Fertilizer of Selected Physio-Chemical
Properties of La Trinidad Clay Loam Grown with Green Onions. BS Thesis,
Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. P.11.
TISDALE and NELSON. 1954. Soil Fertility and Fertilization Usage. Mac Millan
Publishing Company.
WIKIPEDIA. 2010. Vermicompost Homepage – North Carolina State University.
Retrieved January 25, 2011 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/compost...This page
was last modified on 9 December 2010 at 14 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/worm_farm-
cached.
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APPPENDICES
APPENDIX A
Communication Letter
December 2010
Dear Respondents,
Greetings!
I am Harry Awal Patricio, a fourth year student of Benguet State University who
is conducting a study entitled “Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan,
Alno, La Trinidad, Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office.” This is a major
course requirement of Bachelor of Science in Agriculture major in Extension Education.
This questionnaire given to you will be used to fulfill the academic requirement
needed in this research.
The success of this study relies on you, on how you honestly answer the question.
Your valued cooperation and kind consideration is highly appreciated.
Thank you very much and God bless.
HARRY A. PATRICIO
Researcher
APPENDIX B
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
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29
Questionnaire
A. Socio-economic profile of the respondents
Name: ________________________________________
Address: ______________________________________
Age: ______________
Civil Status: _______________
Educational Background:
__________ Elementary
__________
High
School
__________
College
__________
Vocational
Number of Children: ____________
Farming Status:
Tenure status __________ land owner
__________
lessee/rented
__________
others,
please
specify____________
Area cultivated (sq. m.)/size of the farm
_________
5,000
_________
10,000
_________
15,000
_________
others,
please
specify
____________
Nature of farming:
_________
full time
_________
part
time
_________
hired
labor
_________
others,
please
specify____________
Number of year in farming: ________________
Type of farming:
_________
green house
_________
open
field
_________
others,
please
specify____________
B. Perception towards the Induyan compost
1. Why do you prefer to use compost as a fertilizer on your farm?
Natural fertilizer
Free chemical fertilizer
Soil
conditioner
Rich in nutrients
others,
please
specify
2. What are the advantages of using compost compared to inorganic fertilizer?
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
30
Much cheaper compared to the inorganic fertilizer
Compost is a fertilizer which provide adequate nutrients needed by plants
Compost can improve plant growth and can help plants to be resistant to
diseases.
Provide better crop production
Improve soil condition
Others,
please
specify
3. Methods of fertilizer application
Basal application
Side dressing
Broadcasting
Others,
please
specify
4. Time of application
After planting
Before planting
Others,
please
specify
C. What are the possible effects of compost on crop growth?
1. In terms of germination
fast to germinate
slow to germinate
2. Maturity growth of the plant
Maturity of the plant is robust
Plant is easily attacked by diseases
3. Incidences of pest or diseases during plant maturity
Late blight
Early blight
Plant are stunted
4. Moisture content extent of irrigation
How many times you irrigate your plant
Others,
please
specify
5. Soil condition
Soil is firm
Soil is yielding
6. Weed control
Easy to control
Hard to control
Weeds are easily grown
D. What are the benefits in using Induyan compost?
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
31
Cheaper compared to the inorganic fertilizer
Production of free chemical crops
Reduce farm inputs
Better quality of production
Increase production (sq.m)
Production of better quality of vegetable
Weight is increased
Others,
please
specify
E. Problems encountered in using Induyan compost on farm. (Observation)
1. Diseases acquired in using Induyan compost.
2. Maturity or development of compost
Fully decomposed
Slightly decomposed
Not composed
Others,
please
specify
3. Characteristics of compost
Texture is fine
Foul smelling
Others,
please
specify
F. RECOMMENDATIONS/COMMENTS
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
PATRICIO, HARRY A. APRIL 2011. Contribution of the composting project
located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad, Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office.
Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Hilario C. Perez, MSc
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted at La Trinidad, Benguet with the following objectives:
to determine the socio-economic profile of the respondents, their perceptions towards the
Induyan compost, the effect of compost on crop growth, the benefits in using Induyan
compost and the problems encountered in using Induyan compost.
The data gathered through questionnaire and personal interview from thirty (30)
respondents. Majority of them were married and had either finished elementary, high
school or college. Their source of livelihood is farming with an experience ranging from
2 to 40 years. However, some of the respondents augmented their income through other
off-farm occupation like being government employee and hired labor. Majority of the
respondents lease the land they tilled and was on open field ranging from 500 square
meter to 5,000 square meter area of cultivation.
Compost fertilizer provided adequate nutrients needed by plants improved soil
condition, and improved plant growth to be resistant to diseases. The perceptions towards
Induyan compost are natural fertilizer, soil conditioner and rich in nutrients. Thus,
respondents confirmed wherein compost is advantageous to plants and helped farmers on
their farm.
The effect of compost was: robust plants and fast germination, occurrences of late
blight, early blight are incidence pest and diseases that affect the growth of the plants.
Also the reduced interval irrigation was the moisture content that respondent confirmed.
The soil condition was soil is elastic and weeds are easily grown.
With regards to the benefits in using Induyan compost as fertilizer, it reduced farm
inputs, better quality of production and quality of vegetable and cheaper compared to
inorganic fertilizer. Most of the respondents used fully compost in their farms and
considered the texture was fine.
Observations and problems encountered by the respondents while using compost
are late blight, cut worms, plant is very robust so it is easily attacked by fungus, plants are
stunted and needs foliar fertilizer.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Page
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
i
Abstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
Table of Contents
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
METHODOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Profile of the Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Perception Towards Induyan Compost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Advantages of Using Compost
Compared to Inorganic Fertilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
Methods of Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
Time of Fertilizer Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
Effect of Compost on Crop Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Germination Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Incidences of Pest or Diseases
During Plant Maturity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
Moisture Content Extent of Irrigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
Soil Conditions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
19
Page
Weed Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
19
Benefits in Using Induyan Compost
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
21
21
Problems Encountered in Using
Induyan Compost
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Characteristics of Compost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Problems Encountered While Using
Compost on Farm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . .
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LITERATURE CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. Communication Letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vi
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
The Municipal Agriculture Office aims to sustain the composting facility at
Induyan, Alno by continuous operation and maintenance to produce readily available and
quality organic fertilizer that would benefit farmer-users. And to show that composting is
one of the most effective means of managing biodegradable waste.
Compost is composed of organic matter derived from plant and animal matter that
has been decomposed largely through aerobic decomposition. The process of composting
is a simple practice by individuals in their homes, and farmers on their land; Compost can
be rich in nutrients and is useful in gardens, landscaping, horticulture and agriculture. The
compost itself is beneficial for the land in many ways, such as soil conditioner, a
fertilizer, addition of vital humus or humic acid and as a natural pesticide of the soil
(Wikipedia, 2010).
Organic product not only contributes to the maintenance of healthy life but also
contribute to the maintenance of a healthy regional economic health (Cabreza and
Caluza, 2002). Aside from providing safe and nutritious food it also makes sure that
physical bodies of human beings continue to be the effective vehicles for the growth of
and intention of the human spirit. It can be eaten raw or cooked and is a good source of
nutrients like vitamins and minerals.
The application of organic matter is considered to be one of the most important
components in maintaining ecological balance in the soil. It is less expensive because the
materials to be used in making compost are found in the locality life in manure, grass and
rotten leaves and has lasting effect on the soil for favorable plant growth and
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
2
development. Organic fertilizer is the natural fertilizer used in the cultivation of farmers
in the gardens. It does not need any high expenses, but requires a lot of time preparing it.
Organic farming provides to be more profitable and it was found out that it has
the ability to preserve soil by reducing soil erosion up to a large extent. It’s not only
beneficial on the farm, but it is also useful for the dairy industry. Cattle grazing on
organic farmland had been found to be less prone to diseases and yield more milk. These
are definitely good signs for consumer of dairy product from health perspective and for
dairy organization from the profit perspective (Deshmukh, undated).
Since organic farming has now become a topic, the agriculture sector and the
municipal office of agriculture at La Trinidad, Benguet is producing compost as one of
their project, a thorough study must be conducted, in order to gather data on how farmers
perceive organic farming, and to further inquire in using composed fertilizer.
Statement of the Problem
Specifically, the study answered the following questions:
1. What is the socio-economic profile of the respondents?
2. What are their perceptions toward the Induyan compost?
3. What are the possible effects of compost on crop growth?
4. What are the benefits in using Induyan compost?
5. What are the problems encountered in using Induyan compost?
Objectives of the Study
1. To determine the socio-economic profile of the respondents;
2. To determine the perceptions toward the Induyan compost;
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
3
3. To determine the possible effects of compost on crop growth;
4. To determine the benefits in using Induyan compost; and
5. To determine the problems encountered in using Induyan compost.
Importance of the Study
The study found out the perceptions, possible effects and the benefits of farmer-
user on composed fertilizer. The result of this study served as a guide to encourage more
farmers to use low cost fertilizer, which maybe environmental free and still have better
yield and production. It also provided insight to extensionist, researchers, trainers and
farmers who are using organic fertilizers as an important technology in their production.
Scope and Limitation
The study was conducted at the municipal office of La Trinidad, Benguet. It was
limited on farmer-users to the practices usage on organic fertilizer, and the problems they
encountered.
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
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4
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Organic fertilizer derived from decompose excrement from animals and or plant
residues which can supply one or more essential nutrient elements to plants organic
fertilizer are not expensive and abundant in the locality, it can minimize and reduce lower
cost of rain in put particularly on the fertilizer. The application of organic fertilizer will
also help to maintain soil fertility by improving soil physical and chemical such as
structure, tilt, a ration moisture movement and retention the goal of organic fertilizer is to
provide a better environment for the plant root system (Asuncion et al., 1976)
Pears and Stickland (1999) stated that organic matter contains a complex range of
ingredients, proteins, sugar, carbohydrate and all the other materials that make up plants
and animals. Organic matter has many benefits including helping soil particles adhere
together into crumb, thus improving the soil structure. These helps drainage in heavy soil,
making them more workable and easily penetrated by plant roots. Organic matter makes
light soils more moisture-preventive because it holds water. In addition, organic matter
also holds on to the nutrient elements in the same way as clay particles, preventing them
from being washed out.
On the other hand, application of organic matter is not only confined of its effects
on the performance of the present crop but also its effect on the soil. Since every farming
operation constantly destroy the desirable conditions of soil, constant application of
organic fertilizer should be practiced in order to preserve the productivity of the soil, a
pre-requisite of sustainable agriculture. Application of organic fertilizer is one of the
most practical fertilizers to be applied in the soil. It is needed in deciding what farm
management is to be practiced in the particular part of the soil (Tanguid, 2000).
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
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5
Pears (2002) said that organic fertilizers are product of plants, animals or mineral
origin. The nutrients they contain are generally released slowly over a period of time as a
fertilizer is broken down by microorganisms. This slow release feeding is generally much
better for plants than the quick fix chemical fertilizers. Avoiding the fast sappy growth
that can cause plants, to be more susceptible to insect attract and late spring frost.
Aside from livestock and flower production, vegetable farming is a good source
of income and livelihood in La Trinidad where around 5,860 hectares is devoted to
vegetable farming (Anonymous, 2004).
The only way for organic farming to become seriously notice would be for the
standard of the farming to become so high, that would eventually let the farmers see the
value of it; thus paring them the way to organic farming. For all the talk of market and
subsidies, the essential ingredient is the quality of the farming. Good organic farming has
to be both productive and ecological and the resulting food has to be excellent. Farmers
then have to build up their knowledge and understanding of the nature of the soils, and
what constitutes a really healthy soil from which healthy and productive crops and stock
grow. Both existing and incoming organic farmers have to be helped for them to develop
this understanding of the intricacies involved, so that they can bring together their
knowledge of manuring, rotations, weather and husbandry to develop really good systems
for the land for which they have the privilege of being responsible as stated (Newton,
2004).
Bennet (1995) pointed out that the incorporation vegetable matter in the soil,
whether in the form of compost, barnyard or manure, was usually in reducing erosion and
off. He reiterated that by improving the structural conditions, organic matter improves
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
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soil and increases its capacity to conserve moisture and deliver it readily to plant roots. It
improves soil condition, favoring root penetrations and growth with beneficial
microorganism and large organisms.
Effect of Organic Fertilizer
According to Rimando (2001), organic fertilizer have the advantage of providing
other essential materials other than inorganic ions, which are also needed for growth.
These substances may consist of vitamins and hormones. Organic also often also enhance
the growth of beneficial organisms which aid in the transformation of substances to more
available forms. Kinoshita (1972) reported that application of organic fertilizer in
sufficient amount improve soil structure, serve to improve soil tilt, and aids in desirable
processes in the soil. Further more applications of organic fertilizer increases not only the
quantity of nutrient elements for plant growth and development but also decrease bulk
density of the soil organism matter can increase water absorption and lessen water run
off, leaching, erosion. The increased porosity causes greater aeration favoring different
kinds of bacteria for nutrient liberation. The greatest benefit of organic fertilizer is that it
releases the supply of available nutrient element especially N for efficient utilization of
plant (Tisdale and Nelson, 1954).
Brady (1990) point out that farm manure is valuable to crop because of its
nitrogen content and influence on the soil and it is considered animal and plant material
that tend to intended the yielding of crops. He added that animal manure is valuable
sources of both macro and micro element apart from providing a habit for beneficial soil
organisms. The value of farm manure is determined not only by the organic matte it
furnishes but specially by the quantity of nitrogen that it supplies. Manure has various
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
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effects on the soil which promotes plant growth. It adds plant food to the soil, adds
humus, raises the temperature of the soil, increases the water holding capacity of the soil,
increase the number of beneficial organism, promotes fermentation changes and provide
food to the organism which assist making plant food available (Subido, 1955). Similarly,
Dogoon and Cadiz (1985) stated that cow manure is a good source of fiber and fertilizers
to the soil.
Processed chicken manure is safer to use because it has under gone processing. It
has higher food nutrients because it has undergone decomposition where in
mineralization, ammonification and nitrification takes place. These are readily available
to plant.
Alnus compost is abundant in the highlands that can be a perfect organic nitrogen
source. It is easy to compost and hasten decomposition (Pandosen, 1986) as cited by
Marcelino (1995). At present, alnus has been discovered as a good source of organic
fertilizer, it is also friendly to the environment and also control some diseases. Tan (1975)
mentioned that compost is used to improve in various ways, it granulates the soil particles
and make it loose for easy tillage. It improves the soil drainage aside from being a very
good source of plant nutrients. Cadiz and Aycardo (1977) stated that there are needs for
a sustained application of compost to provide the food supply needs of crop and feed the
beneficial flora and fauna especially the microbes that make the tied-up nutrients
available. In 1994, Mechalak cited that compost is good source of organic matter and
nutrient for plants. It improves soil structure and water retention. Compost contains
beneficial microorganisms that suppress plant pathogen in soil.
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Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
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Bautista (1986) stated that the soil for vegetable production should be rich in
organic matter to achieve this condition is through sustained application of compost..
Composting weed, manure and other farm wastes are converted to useful soil
amendment, which when use in the farm can improve soil structure making it deal for
vegetable production. Bautista (1983) cited that fertilizer should be applied as close as
possible to the roots without hindrance to germination or root growth. It should be
supplied when nutrients are most needed, usually at early vegetable stage and at
flowering or fruiting times. For areas with equal distribution of rainfall during the year or
in sandy soil or where there is irrigation the required fertilizer dosage can be applied two
to three application if two applications were made, one half of the fertilizer is usually
applied at planting and the other half during blooming stage.
The organic farming research foundation (OFRF) in the United States of America
defined organic farming as a modern, sustainable farming system which maintains the
long term fertility of the soil and uses less of earth’s finite resources to produce high
quality, nutritious (OFRF, 2004). Furthermore, the International Federation of Organic
Agriculture Movement (IFOAM), states the purpose of organic agriculture is to optimize
the health and productivity of independent communities of soil life, plants, animals and
people.
Organic farming as stated by Magdoff and Weil (2004) does not allow the use of
synthetic pesticide or fertilizer and is intended to reduce the detrimental effect of
agriculture on soils, animals and the environment.
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Advantages of Organic Farming
Organic farming lowers the operating cost of the farmers. This is because they
don’t have to spend money anymore in purchasing chemicals and fertilizers. This would
enable them to expand their operations because of bigger profits. Furthermore, it would
also mean additional employment for others in the community. The most important of the
advantage of organic food is that it maintains the life of the soil, not only for the current
generation, but also for the future generation. Water pollution is reducing with organic
farming. Most of the times after it rain, the water form the field, which contain chemicals,
gets drained into the rivers. This pollutes the water bodies. In organic farming, since no
chemicals or synthetic are used, water pollution reduce well. Organic farming helps in
building richer soil. The rich soil helps on plant growth. The rate of soil erosion is
reducing drastically. A French study revealed that the nutritional quality and micro-
nutrients are present in higher quantities in organically produce crops. The micro-
nutrients promote good health. Organically grown food tastes better too. The life of
organically grown plants is longer than the plants cultivated by traditional methods.
Organically grown crop is drought tolerant. However, along with the pros of organic
farming, there are certain cons of organic farming too. The first disadvantage of organic
farming is low productivity. With the highly developed chemicals and machinery, the
farmer is able to multiply his harvest manifold times. The organic farmers use the
cultivation method as opposed to drilling method used by the tradition farmers. The next
argument, which goes against organic farming is that organically produce food is
expensive. The cost is very often 50-100 percent more than the traditional food. The other
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
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valid argument is that organic food is not always available. There is a reason behind that
(Lastimosa, 2009).
Furthermore, Lastimosa (2009) stated that crop rotation, green manure, use of
natural fertilizers and biological pest control from the crux of organic farming. It is a
proactive ecology management strategy. This strategy enhances the fertility of the soil
erosion and the same time protects the humans and animal kingdom from the side effect
of chemicals and synthetics.
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METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study
The municipal office of agriculture has a project on composed fertilizer, aimed to
sustain the composting facility at Induyan, Alno by continuous operation and
maintenance to produce quality organic fertilizer that benefit farmer-user. The study was
conducted at the Municipal Office of Agriculture, La Trinidad, Benguet. It was
conducted from December 2010 to January 2011.
Data Collection
Survey questionnaire was used in collecting necessary data from the respondents.
It was supplemented with observation and personal interview. The items in the
questionnaire were filled up by the researcher. Through explanation of the questions to
the respondents is to be fatherly done by the researcher for their intensive understanding,
and for safe accuracy purposes. The interview was conducted at any time of the day,
depending on the respondents’ most convenient time.
Data Analysis
The needed information were categorized and presented in table form. The data
were analyzed using the mean and percentage.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Socio-Economic Profile of the Respondents
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Table 1 presents the background information of the respondents. Variables such
as age, sex, civil status, nature of farming, the number of years in farming and type of
farming.
Age. Thirty percent (30%) of the respondents belong to the ages 41 to 50 years
old; twenty seven percent (27%) belong to ages 20 to 30; and forty three percent (43%)
from 31 to 40 years of age.
Sex. The data show that 80% of the respondents were males and 20% were
females. However, this does not mean that females had lesser participation on organic
farming specifically on the Induyan compost.
Civil status. Eighty three percent (83%) of the respondents were married.
Seventeen percent (17%) were still single. This means that the married respondents were
active in farm activities to support their family.
Educational attainment. Twelve percent (12%) of the respondents were able to
reach high school level; ten percent (10%) finished college; seven percent (7%) reached
elementary level, while one percent (1%), vocational course.
This shows that all of the respondents are literate and are receptive to learn new
knowledge, and are interested on using compost as fertilizer on their plants.
Tenure status. Sixty seven percent (67%) of the respondents lease the land they
were cultivating, twenty three percent (23%) owned the land and ten percent (10%)
rented.
Table 1. The socio-economic profile of the respondents
PARTICULARS
NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
(%)
Age
20-30
8
27
31-40
7
23
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41-50
9
30
51-60
6
20
TOTAL 30
100
Sex
Male
24
80
Female
6
20
TOTAL 30
100
Educational attainment
Elementary
7
23
High School
12
40
College
10
33
Vocational
1
3.3
TOTAL 30
99
Tenure status
Owned
7
23
Lessee
20
67
Rented
3
10
TOTAL 30
100
Areas cultivated
100 sq.m – 500 sq.m
3
10
500 sq.m-1,000 sq.m
8
27
1,000 sq.m-5,000 sq.m
8
27
5,000 sq.m-10,000 sq.m
10
33
10,000 sq.m-20,000 sq.m
1
3
TOTAL 30
100
Nature of Farming
Full time
20
67
Part time
7
23
Hired labor
3
10
TOTAL 30
100
Number of years
2 – 5
4
13
6 – 10
9
30
11 – 15
8
27
16 – 20
1
3
21 – 25
4
13
26 – 30
2
7
31 – 35
36 – 40
2
7
TOTAL 30
100
Type of farming
Green House
4
13
Open field
26
87
TOTAL 30
100
Nature of farming. Majority of the respondents (67%) were full time in farming
and using compost and 23% of the respondents were part time in farming while 3% hired
labor.
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Number of years in farming. With regards to the number of years in farming,
30% of the respondents are engaged in farming for 6 to 10 years; 27% for 11 to 15 years;
13% for 21 to 25 years; 13% for 21 to 25 years; 7% for 26 to 30 years; and 7% for 36 to
40 years. The 3% were engaged for 16 to 25 years in using Induyan compost. This shows
that the respondents are experienced farmers.
Types of farming. On type of farming, majority of the respondents (87%)
operated in open field farms while 13% of the respondents were in green houses.
Areas cultivated. Among the 30 respondents, 33% of the respondents had an area
of 5,000 to 10,000 square meters; 27% with 1,000 to 5,000 square meters and 27% with
100 to 500 square meters; and only 3% of the respondents cultivated an area of 10,000 to
20,000 square meters.
Perception Towards Induyan Compost
Table 2 shows the perception of the respondents toward induyan compost, 70% of
the respondents considered it as a natural fertilizer; 67% as a good soil conditioner; 47%
indicated that compost is rich in nutrient which has the capacity to produce nutrients; and
27% said that compost is a free chemical fertilizer which indicates that compost produces
better quality plants.
Table 2. Perception towards the Induyan compost
FACTORS/REASONS NUMBER
OF
RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE (%)
Natural fertilizer
21
70
Soil conditioner
20
67
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Rich in nutrients
14
47
Free chemical fertilizer
8
27
Advantages of Using Compost
compared to Inorganic Fertilizer
Table 3 shows the advantages of the organic fertilizer compared to the inorganic
fertilizer 87% of the respondents indicated that it improved the soil condition; 53% of the
respondents indicated that compost was a good fertilizer which provides adequate
nutrients needed for plant growth; 33% said that it could provide better crop production;
30%, much cheaper compared to the inorganic fertilizer. This shows that compost is more
advantageous in terms of price of the production or technology for the users to afford in
marketing as fertilizer to their farm crops. Although it shows that only 33% said it helped
farmers reduced farm inputs.
Methods of Application
Table 4 shows that 50% of the respondents practiced basal application; 40% of
respondents practiced broad casting; and 17% used side dressing. This finding implies
that the respondents have their different practices in applying fertilizer.
Time of Fertilizer Application
Table 5 shows that 80% of the respondents applied compost fertilizer before
planting and 37% of the respondents applied after planting. The finding implies that the
respondents practiced different ways in applying fertilizer.
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Table 3. Advantages of using compost compared to inorganic fertilizer
FACTORS
NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE( %)
Improve soil condition
26
87
Compost is a fertilizer which
16 53
provide adequate nutrients
needed by plant
Improve plant growth and can
16 53
help plants to be resistant to
diseases
Much cheaper compared to the
9 30
inorganic fertilizer
Provide better of crop
10 33
production
Table 4. Methods of application
METHODS NUMBER
OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
Basal placement
15
50
Broad casting
12
40
Side dressing
5
17
Table 5.Time of fertilizer application
TIME OF APPLICATION NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
After planting
11
37
Before planting
24
80
Effect of Compost on Crop Growth
Table 6 presents the effect of compost on growth of plant. Most (90%) of the
respondents said that their plants were robust with the use of compost and 7% of the
respondents said that their plants were easily attacked by diseases. This shows that
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
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compost contribute a big factor to the growth of plants. Furthermore, nutrient analysis of
Induyan compost from the Municipal Agriculture Office are 7.9 pH, 1.82 nitrogen (% N),
1.44 phosphorus (% P205), 1.89 potassium (% k20), 40.52 organic carbon (%), total NPK
5.15. This finding of Induyan compost was analyzed by the Bureau of Soils and Water
Management, Diliman, Quezon City which implies the Induyan compost is an ideal
fertilizer for plants
Germination Growth
Table 7 presents that most of the respondents confirmed that compost could
contribute to plant in terms of germination, 70% said that the plant was high rate to
germinate, while few or 13% observed low germination rate.
Table 6. Effect of compost on crop growth
MATURITY OF PLANT
NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
Plant is robust
27
90
Plant is easily attacked by
2 7
diseases
Table 7.Germination growth
GERMINATION GROWTH
NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE (%)
Fast to germinate
27
70
Slow to germinate
4
13
Incidences of Pest and Diseases
During Plant Maturity
Table 8 presents the pests or diseases, 27% observed late blight; and 23%, early
blight; while only 3% said that plants were stunted. However, this may not be attributed
to the compost since there are environmental factors to consider.
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Moisture Content Extent of Irrigation
Moisture content extent of irrigation represents the effect and the contribution in
using compost to the extent of irrigation is shown in Table 9. Majority (47%) of the
respondents indicated twice a week of irrigating their plant; 70% before sunrise; 17%
once a day; and 3% one time in a week, one day sprinkle, in every two days, in four times
a week. Based on observation the use of compost irrigation interval reduced.
Soil Conditions
Table 10 shows the contribution of compost fertilizer in soil condition.
This table shows that 57% said that soil is yielding, while 8 or 27% said that soil is firm.
These findings show that the use of compost contribute to improve the soil condition.
Table 8. Incidences of pest or diseases during plant maturity
PEST OR DISEASES
NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
Late blight
8
27
Early blight
7
23
Plant are stunted
1
3
Table 9. Moisture content extent of irrigation
HOW MANY TIMES TO
NUMBER OF
PERCENTAGE (%)
IRRIGATE THE PLANT
RESPONDENTS
2 times a week
14
17
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
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Before sunrise
2
7
3 times a week
2
7
1 times a week
1
3
1 day sprinkle
1
3
Every 2 days
1
3
4 times a week
1
3
Once a day
5
17
Table 10. Soil condition
SOIL CONDITION
NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
(%)
Soil is firm
8
27
Soil is yielding
17
57
Weed Control
Table 11 shows that 57% of the respondents observed that weeds easily grew;
30% said that easy to control; and 7% of the respondents found difficulty in controlling
weeds based on their observation because on the use of compost that may have affect on
the growth of weeds.
Benefits in Using Induyan Compost
Table 12 presents the benefits in using Induyan compost. 60% of the respondents
confirmed that it reduces farm inputs, while 60% confirmed that it had better quality of
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
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production, 53% of the respondents said it helped produced better quality vegetable; 47%
cheaper compared to the inorganic fertilizer; 33% said that production of chemical
free vegetables; and 20% observed the increase in the quantity of production. This
Table 11.Weed control
WEED CONTROL
NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
(%)
Easy to control
9
30
Hard to control
2
7
Weeds are easily grown
17
57
Table 12. Benefits in using Induyan compost
FACTORS NUMBER
OF
PERCENTAGE (%)
RESPONDENTS
Reduce farm inputs
18
60
Better quality of production
18
60
Production of better quality of
16 53
vegetable
Cheaper compared to the inorganic
14 47
fertilizer
Production of free chemical crops
10 33
Increase production (sq.m
9
30
Weight is increased
6
20
shows that less farm inputs, better quality of production, production of quality vegetable,
cheaper compared to inorganic fertilizer.
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Problems Encountered in Using Induyan Compost
Table 13 presents that 57% confirmed that Induyan compost was fully
decomposed, while 3% said that was not composed. The result shows that 57% of the
respondents implied that it was fully composed this means that most of the users claimed
the Induyan compost is effective as an organic fertilizer. Furthermore, the findings also
show that some of the respondents were still not contented with the finished compost
product.
Characteristics of Compost
Majority (73%) of the respondents claimed that the texture of the compost was
fine; and 33% said it had a foul smelling. This finding shows that the respondents had
various description of the Induyan compost as shown in Table 14.
Table 13. Problems encountered in using Induyan compost
MATURITY OF
NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
COMPOST
Fully decomposed
17
57
Slightly composed
12
40
Not composed
1
3
Table 14. Characteristics of compost
CHARACTERISTICS
NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
Texture is fine
22
73
Foul -smelling
10
33
Problems Encountered while Using
Compost on Farm
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Table 15 shows the observations of the respondents in using Induyan compost.
Plant pest and diseases noted were the late blight, cut worms, easily attacked by fungus,
plant were stunted, unmetered compost, source of fusarium wilt, causes burning of plants
when not properly compost.
Table 15. Problems encountered
CHARACTERISTICS
NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE (%)
Late blight
1
3
Cut worms
1
3
Plant is very robust
1
3
Plant are stunted
1
3
Unmetered compost
1
3
Causes burning of plants
1
3
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SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The study was conducted in La Trinidad, Benguet, and focused on the
contribution of composting project located at Induyan, Alno, La Trinidad, Benguet under
the Municipal Agriculture Office.
The respondents were vegetable farmers. Majority of them were married and had
either finished elementary, high school or college. Their main source of livelihood is
farming with an experience ranging from 2 to 40 years. However, some of the
respondents augmented their income through other off-farm occupation like government
employment and hired labor. Majority of the respondents lease the land they tilled on
open field, and had 500 square meter to 5,000 square meter area of cultivation.
Compost fertilizer provided adequate nutrients needed b plants, improved soil
condition, and improved plant growth to be resistant to diseases. Perceptions toward
Induyan compost such as natural fertilizer, free chemical fertilizer, and soil conditioner
rich in nutrients. Thus respondents confirmed wherein compost is advantageous to plants
and helped farmers on their farm.
The effects of compost were robust plants, fast germination and occurrence of late
blight, early blight was incidence pest and diseases that affect the growth of the plants.
Also the compost reduced interval irrigation was the moisture content that respondent
confirmed. The soil condition was elastic and weeds are easily grown. However, NPK
analysis of compost includes nitrogen which helps plant foliage to grow strong,
phosphorus helps roots and flowers development and potassium (potash) is important for
the plants
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With regard to the benefits in using Induyan compost as fertilizer at reduced farm
inputs, better quality of production, and quality of vegetable, cheaper compared to
inorganic fertilizer.
Most of respondents used fully compost in their farms and considered the texture
is fine.
Problems encountered while using compost such as late blight, cut worms, plant is
very robust so it is easily attacked by fungus, plants are stunted, needs foliar fertilizer.
Thus are the observation and problems by the respondents while using compost.
Conclusions
These were the conclusions drawn from the study:
1. The respondents were married, middle age and literate. Farming was their main
source of income although they were engaged in other off farm activities to augment their
income;
2. The use of compost improves their production in terms of quality. Furthermore
it improves soil conditions;
3. Compost is a way for plants to become robust. Its high rate in germination and
irrigation interval reduce, soil become yielding while weeds easily grown. Furthermore,
nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium levels are the basis for determining healthy plant
growth;
4. Compost provides free chemical crops and it reduced farm inputs; and
5. Respondents have problems while using compost. Include late blight, cut
worms, plant is very robust so it is easily attacked by fungus, plants were stunted, plants
need foliar fertilizer fusarium wilt and burning if it’s not properly composted.
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Recommendations
Based on the findings, the following recommendations are offered:
1. The project implementers of the Department of Agriculture should conduct
monitoring and follow-up to the users of compost;
2. Conduct trainings and seminars on proper use and application of compost
fertilizer;
3. Improvements in the production for farmers continue to use organic fertilizer;
4. To inform farmers about the benefits and advantages of using compost; and
5. To encourage farmers to use compost fertilizer to help in their production of
crops.
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http://www.ofrf.org/general/about_organic/index.html. Laguna, Philippines. P.
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Company. Pp. 1-50.
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Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
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28
APPPENDICES
APPENDIX A
Communication Letter
December 2010
Dear Respondents,
Greetings!
I am Harry Awal Patricio, a fourth year student of Benguet State University who
is conducting a study entitled “Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan,
Alno, La Trinidad, Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office.” This is a major
course requirement of Bachelor of Science in Agriculture major in Extension Education.
This questionnaire given to you will be used to fulfill the academic requirement
needed in this research.
The success of this study relies on you, on how you honestly answer the question.
Your valued cooperation and kind consideration is highly appreciated.
Thank you very much and God bless.
HARRY A. PATRICIO
Researcher
APPENDIX B
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
29
Questionnaire
A. Socio-economic profile of the respondents
Name: ________________________________________
Address: ______________________________________
Age: ______________
Civil Status: _______________
Educational Background:
__________ Elementary
__________
High
School
__________
College
__________
Vocational
Number of Children: ____________
Farming Status:
Tenure status __________ land owner
__________
lessee/rented
__________
others,
please
specify____________
Area cultivated (sq. m.)/size of the farm
_________
5,000
_________
10,000
_________
15,000
_________
others,
please
specify
____________
Nature of farming:
_________
full time
_________
part
time
_________
hired
labor
_________
others,
please
specify____________
Number of year in farming: ________________
Type of farming:
_________
green house
_________
open
field
_________
others,
please
specify____________
B. Perception towards the Induyan compost
1. Why do you prefer to use compost as a fertilizer on your farm?
Natural fertilizer
Free chemical fertilizer
Soil
conditioner
Rich in nutrients
others,
please
specify
2. What are the advantages of using compost compared to inorganic fertilizer?
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
30
Much cheaper compared to the inorganic fertilizer
Compost is a fertilizer which provide adequate nutrients needed by plants
Compost can improve plant growth and can help plants to be resistant to
diseases.
Provide better crop production
Improve soil condition
Others,
please
specify
3. Methods of fertilizer application
Basal application
Side dressing
Broadcasting
Others,
please
specify
4. Time of application
After planting
Before planting
Others,
please
specify
C. What are the possible effects of compost on crop growth?
1. In terms of germination
fast to germinate
slow to germinate
2. Maturity growth of the plant
Maturity of the plant is robust
Plant is easily attacked by diseases
3. Incidences of pest or diseases during plant maturity
Late blight
Early blight
Plant are stunted
4. Moisture content extent of irrigation
How many times you irrigate your plant
Others,
please
specify
5. Soil condition
Soil is firm
Soil is yielding
6. Weed control
Easy to control
Hard to control
Weeds are easily grown
D. What are the benefits in using Induyan compost?
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
31
Cheaper compared to the inorganic fertilizer
Production of free chemical crops
Reduce farm inputs
Better quality of production
Increase production (sq.m)
Production of better quality of vegetable
Weight is increased
Others,
please
specify
E. Problems encountered in using Induyan compost on farm. (Observation)
1. Diseases acquired in using Induyan compost.
2. Maturity or development of compost
Fully decomposed
Slightly decomposed
Not composed
Others,
please
specify
3. Characteristics of compost
Texture is fine
Foul smelling
Others,
please
specify
F. RECOMMENDATIONS/COMMENTS
Contribution of the composting project located at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad,
Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office/ Harry A. Patricio 2011
Document Outline
- Contribution of the composting projectlocated at Induyan Alno, La Trinidad, Benguet under the Municipal Agriculture Office
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- METHODOLOGY
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPPENDICES