BIBLIOGRAPHY REX S PELIS, April...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
REX S PELIS, April 2008. Establishment of a “Bee Garden” at BSU Nature
Park for Ecotourism. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Lita Molitas-Colting, Ph D.
ABSTRACT
The project dealt on the establishment of a “Bee Garden” at the BSU Nature Park
from December 2007 to January 2008 for ecotourism to show case how honeybees gather
nectar from plants, by preparing an artificial bee flower where children will gather nectar
and to prepare artificial wings of honeybees as component of the “bee garden” to be worn
by children prior to gathering “nectar”.
Twelve artificial bee flowers and 24 artificial bee wings were made. The artificial
bee flower is bowl type with eight yellow petals. These were installed at 1.5 by 1.5
meters apart with a height of three feet in a 40 square meters area. Meanwhile, the
artificial bee wings is colored black with white/yellow stripes and attached paired
antennae.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography…………………………………………………….…………….…… i
Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………. i
Table of Contents …………………………………………………………….……. ii
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study of the study…………………………………...…. 1
Importance of the study……………………………………………..……... 1
Objectives of the study………………………………………...…………… 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE………………………………….…………....……... 3
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials ………………………………………………………….………. 6
Tools and Equipments …………………………………………..………... 6
Methodology …………………………………………..…………………. 6
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Preparation of Artificial Bee Flower ………………………..…………….. 7
Preparation of Artificial Bee Wings ………………………………….…… 10
Installation of Artificial Bee Flower
and Preparation of “Bee Garden” ……………………………………….. 15
SUMMARY.CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION……………………. 18
LITERATURE CITED ………………………………….……………………….. 19
INTRODUCTION
One of the major concerns of every developing country is the promotion of its
tourist- alluring environmental assets that involve its flora, fauna, and cultural heritage.
This promotional interest is primarily for revenue generation that functions as a
vehicle for economic development.
Since ecotourism is known as ecological tourism that it involves nature- based
tourism, environmental conservation is very necessary.
However, because of the detrimental consequences of rapid civilization resulting
to the deterioration of nature and even to its worst extinction, ecotourism is also on the
parallel side declining.
Thus in order to at least preserve the concept of ecotourism, technology brought
us to nature’s reality through virtual images. Artificial gadgets can now serve as
alternative sources of these concepts.
The artificial “bee garden” for instance is one of the best ways to promote
ecotourism in the locality. Since honeybees is said to be the most familiar insects and
important resources by humans.
Scientifically, honeybees play an important role in the propagation of diversed
species of plants. Honeybees, moreover play both aesthetic and utilitarian use as it
respectively mediate the disparity of human-land-nature for appreciation and enjoyment;
and open easier acquisition of knowledge through establishment of virtual bee garden.
Establishment of a “Bee Garden” at BSU Nature Park for Ecotourism.
REX S PELIS, April 2008
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The provision of a “bee garden” will provide an avenue for everyone to gain
knowledge on the importance of honeybees to the environment; second, one can
appreciate how honeybees gather their foods and make their homes for survival.
Finally, the “bee garden” will help boost the conservation and prevention of honeybees
from eventual extinction.
The major objective of the study was to prepare a “bee garden” for ecotourism to
show case how honeybees gather “nectar” from plants. The specific objectives were; to
prepare artificial flowers where children will gather artificial nectar and o prepare
artificial wings of honeybees as component of the bee garden.
The study was conducted at the BSU nature’s Park from December 2007 to
January 2008.
Establishment of a “Bee Garden” at BSU Nature Park for Ecotourism.
REX S PELIS, April 2008
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Ecotourism, also known as ecological tourism, is a form of tourism that appeals to
the ecologically and socially conscious individuals. Generally speaking, ecotourism
focuses on volunteering, personal growth, and learning new ways to live on the planet;
typically involving travel to destinations where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the
primary attractions (www.tourism wikipedia.com).
Ecotourism, which typically involves nature-based tourism, plays an increasing
role in today's environmental management. As environmental conservation has, in many
cases, suffered from a limited budget, funding ecotourism is perceived as a way to
provide additional resources to finance environmental conservation efforts. In some
cases, revenue generated from ecotourism can be substantial and can be used to provide
alternative employment/income to local residents. This alternative employment also helps
to reduce the pressure on encroachment and environmental destruction by the local
people. Ecotourism is, thus, seen here as a vehicle for sustainable development
(www.ecotourism.com).
The term ecotourism has been used widely as well as interchangeably to refer to
sustainable tourism, alternative tourism, ethical tourism, green tourism, special interest
tourism, appropriate tourism, and responsible tourism. Despite the many definitions used
today, ecotourism is more appropriately defined by the Commonwealth Department of
Tourism of Australia as "nature-based tourism that involves education and interpretation
of the natural environment and is managed to be ecologically sustainable. This definition
recognizes that natural environment includes cultural components and that ecologically
Establishment of a “Bee Garden” at BSU Nature Park for Ecotourism.
REX S PELIS, April 2008
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sustainable involves an appropriate return to the local community and long-term
(Israngkura, 2007).
Ecotourism, responsible tourism, and sustainable development have become
prevalent concepts since the late 1980s, and ecotourism has experienced arguably the
fastest growth of all sub-sectors in the tourism industry. The popularity represents a
change in tourist perceptions, increased environmental awareness, and a desire to explore
natural environments. Such changes have become a statement affirming one's social
identity, educational sophistication, and disposable income as it has about preserving the
Amazon rainforest or the Caribbean reef for posterity. With its great potential for
environmental protection, the United Nations celebrated the "International Year of
Ecotourism" in 2002 (www.history of ecotourism wikipedia.com).
With increasing frequency, ecotourism is proposed as way of ensuring
environmental conservation while enabling economic development. Developing
countries, in particular, are being encouraged by a set of diversed interest groups to
consider ecotourism as a solution to their environmental and economic challenges. The
supporters of ecotourism as a development strategy include international, financial
institution; global environmental organizations, national governments and local
community organizations, as well as individuals who regard themselves as eco-tourists.
In many ways ecotourism is being proposed as a tool for negotiating for complicated
relationship between these potentially conflicting interest groups (Duffy, 2002).
"Ecotourism is environmentally responsible travel and visitation to relatively
undisturbed natural areas, in order to enjoy and appreciate nature (and any accompanying
cultural features - both past and present) that promotes conservation, has low negative
Establishment of a “Bee Garden” at BSU Nature Park for Ecotourism.
REX S PELIS, April 2008
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visitor impact, and provides for beneficially active socio-economic involvement of local
populations" (Ceballos-Lascurain, 1996).
Lanfant (1995) argues that tourism marketing shapes the image of the place, and
the identity of the society is described according to seductive attributes and crystallized in
publicity image in which the indigenous population is insidiously induced to recognize
itself. The state can then be exploit a tourist images that flatters national identity and
praises of the nation state in order to reinforce national; cohesion. For those involved in
tourism, the projection of the state as a tourist destination creates and idea of the state
itself, this can in turn be fed back in the domestic political order.
Hall suggest that tourism promotion has develop because of the perceive need to
promote a destination and image in the global market place (Hall, 1994). The promotion
of a developing country also serves to enhance state security and bolster the acceptance
of the state boundaries and area of authority, because tourist need to assured of a
country’s safety.
Establishment of a “Bee Garden” at BSU Nature Park for Ecotourism.
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study Site
The BSU nature’s park (Figure 1) features a blend of nature and agriculture. It
offers for educational purposes in botany, entomology, forestry, agrofrorestry and nature
as a whole it is also an ideal place for trekking, nature photography, meditation, and
picnic. The park is about 51 hectare mossy-pine forest reservation of la Trinidad farm
school in 1916 now Benguet State University it is 1500 m above sea level with the
temperature 15 (lower) to21 °C. It has scenic views of mountains and La Trinidad valley
known as the salad bowl of the Philippines.
Materials
The materials used were the following: plastic plates (7 inches diameter), plastic
cups, PVC pipes (2 inches diameter), Styrofoam, yellow acrylic spray paint, black and
white mesh cloth, wire (gauge # 10), yellow enamel paint, Chinese garter (1 inch), rubber
floor matting, glue stick and yarn.
Tools and Equipments
The tools and equipments used were digital camera, empty hive box with empty
frames, cutter blade, hacksaw, needle, glue gun and paint brush.
Methodology
The site was prepared and the materials were brought and prepared based on
existing sample at the BSU Nature Park.
Establishment of a “Bee Garden” at BSU Nature Park for Ecotourism.
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Figure 1. BSU Nature Park main entrance
Establishment of a “Bee Garden” at BSU Nature Park for Ecotourism.
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The “bee garden” has two primary components that include the artificial bee
wings and artificial flowers. The following processes are presented and classified as to
the materials used and its descriptions. Descriptions are defined as the exact
measurements and quantity of the materials used.
Preparation of the Artificial Bee Flower
One of the major components of the “bee garden” is the artificial flowers. This
serves as the place were the children act as foraging bees. Parts of the flower made
artificially in this project are the petals and the florets.
The plastic plates were cut with hacksaw to form a flower figure. A cutter blade
(Figure 2) was used to smoothen the greasy edges of the petals. Rubber floor mats were
designed into larger petals on which the plastic petals were attached on top using glue
gun.
The plastic plates and the rubber floor mats were designed as sunflowers and were
painted with yellow color. These plastic plates serve as the first layer-petals of the flower
while the rubber floor mats as the second-layer petals (Figure 3).
The plastic cups on the other hand were designed as florets or nectar container.
These cups serve as storage part of the artificial nectars (Figure 4). These were then
attached on the first layer of the petals.
Description
There are exactly 12 plastic plates and 12 rubber floor mats that were made into
flower petals. Each plastic petal and rubber petal has a diameter of 7 inches and 14
Establishment of a “Bee Garden” at BSU Nature Park for Ecotourism.
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inches, respectively. The numbers of petals are varied for every artificial flower. There
were 12 artificial bee flowers were made.
For the plastic cups that serve as nectar storage, it has a diameter of 2 inches and a
height of 3 inches.
The plastic cup is removable and will only be used if there children tourists. Each
plastic cup will be put at the center of the petal. This will be poured with mineral water
(clean water) that was serves as the “nectar” of the artificial flower to be sipped by the
children.
Figure 2. The researcher smoothening the greasy edges of the artificial bee flower.
Establishment of a “Bee Garden” at BSU Nature Park for Ecotourism.
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Figure 3. The artificial bee flowers
Figure 4. The plastic cup on top of the artificial flower
Establishment of a “Bee Garden” at BSU Nature Park for Ecotourism.
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Preparation of the Bee Wing
Another major component of the “bee garden” is the artificial bee wings. It has
also its major parts such as the wings and the antennae.
The wires were bent into curve so to shape the skeleton of the wings. The
antennae which actually extend from the front of the head usually between and slightly
above the insects eyes were attached in between the wings and extended adjacently apart
(Figure 5). The tips of the antennae were also oppositely bent into curve (Figure 6). Each
tip of every antenna was painted with color yellow. This however was intended for
aesthetic purpose only and it doesn’t have any regards as to its function in reality.
Fine mesh cloth of two different colors (black and white) were used as coverings
of the antenna and the bent wire-wings. This was from the existing artificial wings.
For the first artificial bee wings, the black mesh was used to wrap all antennae
(Figure 7) and the edges of all wings. The white mesh served as coverings of the inner
circumference of the wings (Figure 8).
For the second artificial bee wings, both the wings and the antennae were
respectively wrapped and covered with black mesh (Figure 9).
A yarn was used to mend the meshes wrapped and covered on the antennae and
wings. This will maintain the firmness and the attachment of the mesh cloth.
Finally, a Chinese garter was used as strap of the artificial bee.
Description
The materials used and the parts of the artificial bee wings are accurately
measured and presented in the following:
Establishment of a “Bee Garden” at BSU Nature Park for Ecotourism.
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The wire used in the wings and antennae was approximately 2.5 meters. Each
wing measures 9 inches wide and 7 inches long. Each antenna also measures 18-20
inches long.
The mesh, which measures 1.5 yards, was used to wrap both antennae and to
cover the wings. A roll of yarn was also used. The Chinese garter that was used as a strap
measures 1 inch wide. Each artificial bee wings used at least 24 inches Chinese garter for
both straps.
There were exactly 24 artificial bee wings that were made. This is purposely to
provide equal opportunities to every child tourist at the same time when they start to play
in the “bee garden” using the materials provided. Since the project caters to mostly
children ages 6-12, sizes of the artificial bee wings were intended as such (Figure11). The
wings will be place at the back of the person by a as shown in figure 10.
Figure 5. The researcher wrapping the antenna of the artificial bee wings
Establishment of a “Bee Garden” at BSU Nature Park for Ecotourism.
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Figure 6. The antennae at the top of the head
Figure 7. The tips of the antennae oppositely
Establishment of a “Bee Garden” at BSU Nature Park for Ecotourism.
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Figure 8. The artificial bee wings with white mesh cloth
Figure 9. The artificial bee wings with black mesh cloth painted with yellow design
Establishment of a “Bee Garden” at BSU Nature Park for Ecotourism.
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Figure 10. A child being assisted to wear artificial bee wing
Figure 11. A child wearing an artificial wing and sipping” nectar”
from the artificial flower
Establishment of a “Bee Garden” at BSU Nature Park for Ecotourism.
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Installation of the Artificial Flower and Preparation of the “Bee Garden”
The “artificial bee garden” (Figure 16) was flattened and cleaned from any
obstruction (Figure 12). It measures 40 square meters. Twelve plastic pipes which are
erected in between 1.5 meter (Figure 13), measure a height of 3 feet for the children to
easily reach it as they would try sipping the nectars (Figure 14). The distance of every
flower are intended as such to provide wider space for the children to abstain from
bumping each other as they transfer from one flower to the other. The plastic pipe serves
as a stem for the artificial bee flowers. Atop of it is where the petals were attached
(Figure 15).
Figure 12. Clearing of the site
Establishment of a “Bee Garden” at BSU Nature Park for Ecotourism.
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Figure 13. A taller child sipping artificial “nectar”
Figure 14. Installation of the plastic pipes
Establishment of a “Bee Garden” at BSU Nature Park for Ecotourism.
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Figure 15. Installation of the artificial flower
Figure 16. The “bee garden”
Establishment of a “Bee Garden” at BSU Nature Park for Ecotourism.
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SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECCOMENDATIONS
The project aims to encourage ecotourism at the BSU Nature Park. The “bee
garden” gives a wider view on honeybee and their importance to the environment and to
man. The activities also show how honeybees gather food like nectar from flowers.
Children performing the activity open.
The bee garden composes of the artificial bee wings and the artificial bee flowers.
The artificial bee wings are used by the children to portrait the honeybees. While the
artificial bee flowers serve as true flowers.
The “bee garden” is a very good way of promoting ecotourism in the locality and
establishing a “bee gaden” it is a source of income.
The equipments like the artificial bee wings and artificial bee flowers are limited;
there is a need to make more artificial bee wings and artificial bee flowers to
provide
more persons to perform the activity and the bee wings and bee should improve its
aesthetic view. Furthermore a wider space is needed to accommodate more children.
Invitations letters, flyers, and leaflets are important in advertising the activity.
Establishment of a “Bee Garden” at BSU Nature Park for Ecotourism.
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LITERATURE CITED
ANONYMOUS. 2005. Ecotourism Wikipedia. Retrieved December 17, 2007 from http://
En.Wikipedia.Org/Wiki/Ecotourism
ANONYMOUS. 2002. Ecotourism. Retrieved December 17, 2007 from www.state.gov
/g/oes/env/eco
DUFFY, R. 2002. A Trip Too Far: Ecotourism, Politics, and Exploitation. Earth Scan
Publications Ltd. Sterling, VA Pp Ix-5
ISRANGKURA, A. 2007. Ecotourism. Retrieved December 17, 2007 from http://www.
Info Tdri.Or.Th/Library/Quarterly/Text/J96_2.Htm
HALL, C. M. 1994. Tourism and Politics: Policy, Power, and Place.John Wiley and Sons
Chichester and New York
HECTOR CEBALLOS - LASCURAIN. 1996. A Definition of Ecotourism. Retrieved
December 17, 2007 from http: //www. Pub plan. nau.edu/ courses / alew/ pl376
/Readings/ ecotourismdef.html
LANFANT, J. F. 1995. “International Tourism, Internalization and the Challenge to
Identity”In Lanfant, M. F, Allock, J.B and Bruner, E. M (Eds)
Establishment of a “Bee Garden” at BSU Nature Park for Ecotourism.
REX S PELIS, April 2008
Document Outline
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION