BIBLIOGRAPHY OLANIO, CHARLENE A. March 2006....
BIBLIOGRAPHY
OLANIO, CHARLENE A. March 2006. Graduating High school Students’
Assessment on the Benguet Sate University Leaflet. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Sheryl I. Fernando, BSc
ABSTRACT
The study on the effectiveness of the BSU leaflet to graduating students of
Kibungan National High School was conducted to determine if the BSU leaflet is an
effective material in providing information about the university to prospective students;
to determine if the BSU leaflet influenced the respondents to consider enrolling in BSU;
and to enumerate the information needs of the respondents about BSU that was not
included in the BSU leaflet.
The researcher used a survey questionnaire to gather the needed information. Data
gathered was analyzed using statistical methods such as frequency, percentage and
ranking.
Readability of the BSU leaflet was based on the Fog Index.
Results obtained that most of the respondents answered that the words used in the
BSU leaflet are easy to understand and the information presented in the leaflet is also
elaborated and well-presented. However few claimed that it is not well-elaborated and it
is not enough. They also said that BSU leaflet is interesting and attractive. Most of the
respondents answered that The BSU leaflet made them think about considering BSU as a
future school for further study. And some also answered that they were encouraged to
enroll in BSU. Leading information that the respondents want to be included in the leaflet
is the additional offered courses, rundown of the different matriculation fees in the
university, scholarships, and the requirements for enrolling.
It is recommended that BSU leaflet should maintain its feature as interesting and
attractive. It should also maintain using words that are easy to understand and should
make those other words more simplified for better understanding .BSU leaflet should also
include more information about the university like the additional offered courses,
rundown of the matriculation fees in the university, and requirements for enrolling.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………… i
Abstract ……………………………………………………………………….......
i
Table of Content ………………………………………………………………….
iii
INTRODUCTION
Rationale …………………………………………………………………...
1
Statement of the Problem ………………………………………………….
2
Objectives of the Study ……………………………………………………
2
Importance of the Study ……………………………………………………
3
Scope and Limitation ………………………………………………………
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Publication Media ………………………………………………………….
4
Non-Periodical……………………………………………………………...
4
Leaflets …………………………………………………………………….
4
Categories of Leaflets ……………………………………………………...
5
Physical Characteristics of Leaflets ………………………………………...
5
Advantages of Written Information ………………………………………...
6
Disadvantages of Written Information………………………………………
6
Leaflet Composition ………………………………………………………..
6
The Aims of a Leaflets ……………………………………………………..
7
Readability …………………………………………………………………
8
Fog Index Formula …………………………………………………………
9
iii
METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study ……………………………………………...
10
Respondents of the Study …………………………………………………..
10
Research Instrument………………………………………………………...
10
Data Collection …………………………………………………………….
10
Data Analysis …………………………………………………………........
12
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Readability of the BSU Leaflet …………………………………………….
17
Respondents’ Perception on Words Used in the Leaflet …………………...
17
Respondents Perception on the Information Presented
In the Leaflet ……………………………………………………………….
18
Respondents Initial Perception on the Leaflet ……………………………..
19
Influence of BSU Leaflet …………………………………………………..
19
Information Needs …………………………………………………………
20
SUMMARY,CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary ……………………………………………………………………
22
Conclusions …………………………………………………………………
23
Recommendations…………………………………………………………...
23
LITERATURE CITED…………………………………………………………..
24
APPENDICES………………………………………………………………….....
25
iv
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Information materials are used by different organizations and groups to relay
ideas, concepts, and services among others to people in the community. One of the most
common information materials being produced is the leaflet.
A leaflet is a single sheet folded in several ways that contain brief information
about an institution, a concept, services being offered etc. Most of the time, it is widely
distributed to people for intensive information dissemination. In addition, Cadiz (1991)
adds that it contains highly illustrated information on a topic and it usually has a variety
of purpose: to urge, tell, advice, instruct, or explain.
The Benguet State University uses the leaflet as one of its vehicles in giving out
information about the university. It has produced several leaflets on processing food
products, animal raising, courses and colleges in the university and the like.
Benguet State University leaflet is one of the publications of the university. It
includes the university’s academic programs, students’ services, undergraduate courses,
graduate courses, research, development and extension services, production programs,
institutional linkages, and the location.
Leaflet belongs to the publication media. Publications provide the most abstract
type of learning among the communication media because using them requires mastery of
printed symbols, or in short, reading skills. These are use individually eliciting thought
and reflection on one’s own. (Cadiz, 1991).
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
2
Since the leaflet provides the most abstract learning, it is then important to
evaluate if it delivers the exact message it wants to tell the receiver.
This study will focus on the effectiveness of the BSU leaflet as a material in
disseminating information about the university.
Statement of the Problem
The study generally aimed to assess the effectiveness of the Benguet State
University leaflet to the graduating students of Kibungan National High School (KNHS)
in Kibungan, Benguet.
Specifically, it aimed to answer the following questions:
1. What is the readability of the BSU leaflet?
2. What are the perceptions of KNHS students on the BSU leaflet as source of
information about BSU?
3. What are the information needs of the KNHS students that the leaflet did not
provide?
Objective of the Study
The study aimed to asses the effectiveness of the BSU leaflet to the graduating
students of KNHS in Kibungan Benguet. The objectives were:
1. Determine the readability of the BSU leaflet;
2. To determine KNHS students’ perceptions on the BSU leaflet as source of
information about BSU; and
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
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3. To enumerate the information the respondents wanted to know more about BSU
that was not included in the BSU leaflet.
Importance of the Study
The main concern of this study was to know if the BSU leaflet is an effective
material in providing information about BSU to graduating students of KNHS in
Kibungan Benguet. This study could also help in providing information on how to
improve the BSU leaflet for better dissemination of information about the university.
Scope and Limitation
The study was limited to finding out the following: the readability of the BSU
leaflet; perceptions of respondents on the BSU leaflet in terms of: words used,
information presented, and additional information to be added. The leaflet was also
assessed if it influenced the respondents to consider BSU for higher learning.
The study was conducted to the graduating class of KNHS for 2006. This study
was conducted on November 2005 to February 2006.
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Groups of people use publication media in their activities. Organizations,
companies, and other institutions use publication media to inform people about their
group or about their programs, campaigns and new products as well.
To be aware of the role of publication media in our society’s progress is
important. To know its use is to be effective too.
Publication Media
Most publications can cover a material comprehensively and in depth. Each
specific type of publication uses a specific type of message treatment. Most publications
merely present information, although they may be adopted in the discussion and sharing
modes (Cadiz, 1996)
Publication generally classified into periodical and non-periodical.
Non-Periodical
Non-Periodical are publication that are not produced regularly and are usually
done so far a particular purpose.
Leaflets
A leaflet is a single sheet of paper containing highly illustrated information on
one topic. The paper, usually 8 ½ x 11” is folded in a number of ways: right angle fold,
concertina or accordion fold, gate fold and parallel fold. (www.psywarrior.com, 2005)
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
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These are short, often urgent, written messages you'll usually hand out or post on
a bulletin board, hallway, etc. Something at the top must look so striking and important
that harried passersby who take a quick glance from 20 feet away will stop dead in their
tracks, drop everything. And read it. Everything should be on one side only of a sturdy
sheet of paper - It's remarkable how few people flip over a leaflet to see what's on the
other side. The message must be so short and easy to read that people will finish the
whole thing before they look up or get wherever they're going. (www.ilcaonline.org,
2006)
CATEGORIES OF LEAFLETS
Leaflets may be categorized as persuasive, informative, and directive. The
persuasive leaflet attains its objective through use of reason. Facts are presented so that
the audience is convinced. The informative leaflet is factual. In presenting facts
previously unknown to the audience, it attracts a reading public by satisfying curiosity.
The directive leaflet directs action when intelligence indicates the target is receptive. It is
use to direct and control activities of underground forces (www.psywarrior.com, 2005)
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LEAFLETS
Leaflet production is affected by the physical characteristics of paper, such as
shape, texture, quality, size and weight. Legibility and color reproduction are noticeably
affected by paper quality and texture. A high grade of paper is needed for correct color
reproduction. Quality also affects durability. Safer conduct passes should always be
printed on durable, high quality paper.(www.psywarrior.com,2005)
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
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The major factors involved in selection of paper weights and leaflet sizes are:
message length, artwork required, delivery system to be used, press capabilities, purpose
of the leaflet. Because the text of the message is limited by space and other
considerations, the writer must persuade the enemy with the reasonable or emotional
content of his message by word of mouth. (www.psywarrior.com,2005)
LEAFLET COMPOSITION
Typography: Although leaflets generally are small, they should contain
comparatively large print. However, a small leaflet with large print makes it necessary to
use a text that is brief. The type must be large enough to be legible, readable and familiar
to the audience.
Color: The use of color is important in the appearance of the leaflet. The number
of colors available will be limited by the type of printing equipment available. When two
or more colors can be used, the factor should be considered. Color in a leaflet should
usually contrast sharply with the predominant color so that superimposed texts can be
read clearly.
Information materials, no matter what type, have its pros and cons. For written
information materials like the leaflet, the International Labor Communications
Association (2006) points out the following advantages and disadvantages of using
written information:
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
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Advantages of written information include:
It reinforces verbal information and help people remember it, it can give more
details than you can give verbally, it can be kept for future reference
Disadvantages of written information include
It may not be the best way of giving complicated instructions, producing a leaflet
costs time, effort and money, the information in a leaflet can go out of date quickly,
people’s ability to read varies.
The advantages and disadvantages of written information materials can serve as a
guide in producing a leaflet. It can help in the production and design of appropriate
information materials.
The Aims of A Leaflet
Having considered the advantages and disadvantages of using a leaflet you will
want to consider the aims of your leaflet. You may ask yourself, “What do you want the
leaflet to achieve? Do you wish to increase knowledge and understanding?”
The primary consideration for producing information materials, a leaflet for that
matter, would be the target audience. Getting to know the target audience can help
customize and develop a good leaflet that will cater to their information needs.
You should bear in mind the limitations of a leaflet, especially in terms of
changing attitudes and behaviors (www.ilcaonline.org, 2006)
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
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Format of a Leaflet
When folding paper, avoid creases that obscure the text. People who use screen
magnifiers need to place the document flat under the magnifier, so try not to use a
binding method that may make it difficult to flatten the
document.(www.ilcaonline.org, 2006)
Readability
One way of evaluating the effectiveness of an information material is testing its
readability. Readability quantifies the level of comprehension of a particular reading
material and identifies a specific audience for that matter. One way of getting the
readability is the fog index.
Robert Gunning developed a way to measure how hard something is to read. His
Fog Index in The Technique of Clear Writing (McGraw-Hill) is considered the most
reliable formula for testing your writing. It is not an index of how good your writing is
but of how easy it is to understand. Good writing is another subject. But all writing must
be clear before it can be good. (www.helpforschools.com)
The Gunning Readability formula, also known as the Fog Index, is a good tool for
a public relations writer o marketing communicator. This is a simple way to measure the
level of reading ease of difficulty for any piece of writing. (http://www.buffalostate.edu/)
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
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Fog Index formula:
1. Take a sample of your writing. Count the words in several complete sentences
until you have about 100 words. Divide the number of words by the number of
sentences to get the average sentence length.
2. Count the words with three or more syllables. Don’t count those that are
capitalized or combinations of short, easy words (like bookkeeper or
garbageman) or that are made three syllables by adding –ed or –es (like
expanded or confesses). This gives you the percentage of "difficult" words from
your sample.
3. Add the average sentence length and the number of words then multiply by
0.4.
The Gunning Fog Index measures the grade level for clear understanding of
writing. We all learn to read more than difficult words before we understand them. Thus,
the Fog Index level is usually two grades or higher than the reading ease grade level.
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
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METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of Study
The study was conducted at Kibungan National High School (KNHS) from
November 2005 to February 2006 during the school year 2005-2006. KNHS is located at
Poblacion, Kibungan (Figure 1). It is 62 kilometers away from Baguio City, the Summer
Capital of the Philippines. The school was chosen because it is the only secondary school
in Central Kibungan, which is the center of the municipality.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study were the 79 graduating students of KNHS,
Kibungan, Benguet.
Research Instrument
A survey questionnaire was used to collect the needed information about the
KNHS students’ perception on the effectiveness of the BSU leaflet as source of
information for higher learning.
Data Collection
The researcher distributed survey questionnaires to the respondents. The
researcher went from one section to another to personally guide and administer the
questionnaires.
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
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Figure 1. Map of Kibungan showing the location of the study
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
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The respondents were given enough time to answer the questionnaire. The
questionnaire was collected after the respondents answered.
Fig.1 shows the map of the study site.
Data Analysis
The data and information gathered from the respondents was interpreted using
statistical methods such as percentage, frequency and ranking.
Readability of the BSU leaflet was tested using the FOG Index.
Fog index was used to measure the readability of the BSU leaflet. The different
panels were tested and were resulted to different levels of readability. Table 1 shows the
readability level
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
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Table 1: Fog Index Readability Level
Fog Index
Reading Level by Grade
Magazine at this Level
17
College Graduate
16
College senior
15
College junior
14
College sophomore
13
College freshman
12
High School Senior
Atlantic Monthly
11
High School junior
Time, Harpers
10
High School sophomore
Newsweek
9
High school freshman
Readers Digest
8
Eight grade
Ladies’ Home Journal
7
Seventh grade
True Confession
6
Sixth grade
Comic Books
www.helpforschools.com
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
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Fog Index for BSU leaflet column 1
“The Benguet State University (BSU) is one of the recognized six Centers of
Excellence (COE’s) in Agriculture Education (CHED). It is also designated by CHED as
the Regional State University in the Cordillera Administrative Region.
BSU started as a Farm School in 1916.On January 12, 1985 it gained a university
status by virtue of PD2010. At present it has two satellite campuses in consonance with
RA8292. These are BSU-Bokod campus, formerly known as Buguias-Loo Polytechnic
College. On the main campus its nine colleges, two academic institutes and five research
centers/institutes.”
Formula of getting the readability
No. of words (100) = Ave. sentences + No. difficult words (8) x 0.4 = FI (9.8)
No. of sentence (6)
(underlined words)
Fog Index for Column 2
The university offers affordable undergraduate and graduate education in
agriculture, education, forestry, health science, physical and social sciences, and the arts.
It also offers short courses in selected fields such as agroforestry, entrepreneurial and
automotive technology.
It is the only institution in the Philippines that offers curricular program in semi-
temperate agriculture in view of its climatic condition. Indigenous knowledge are
integrated in its academic courses and other function as is located in the cordillera where
most of the people belong to cultural communities.
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
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A total of 313 faculty members and 273 support staffs serve the university’s
average enrollment of 7,000 students per semester including foreigners.
100th word
No. of words (100)
No. of sentences (5) =Ave. sent. length (20) +No. of difficult words (25) x 0.4 =FI (18)
Fog Index for column 3
BSU is one of the key players in the national RDE networks particularly in
vegetables root crops, ornamentals, plantation crops, biotechnology, socio-economics,
policy, communication and extension.
There are other institutions within the campus that also provide assistance to or
venue for research and training activities such as Highland Agriculture Resources
Research and Development Consortium (HARRDEC), Department of Science and
Technology (DOST) and Department of Agriculture (DA).
No. of words (100)
No. of sentence (3) = Ave.sent.length (33.3)+No. of difficult words (13) x 0.4 = FI (18.5)
Fog Index for Column 4
BSU is one of the few state universities in the country that recognize
entrepreneurship as one of its functions. Thus, it is able to generate additional funds for
its operation and at the same time to help its students to gain skills in managing a
business. It produces fresh semi-vegetables, cutflowers, and a fruit such as strawberry.It
also operates a food processing center and a bakery, which produce quality food products
mostly from local crops, as well as maintains guestels for visitors.
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
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No. of words (83)
No. of sentence (4) = Ave. sent. length (20.7) + No.of difficult words (12)x 0.4=FI (13.1)
Fog Index for Column 5
Benguet State University is located in Northern Philippines at Benguet Province
in the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR), where the world living cultural heritage
Banaue Rice Terraces is found. The climate is usually foggy and cool (13 to 25 C) with
six months wet and six months dry season.
The main campus is at La Trinindad valley, the strawberry capital of the country,
about 1300 m asl and 256 km north of Manila, the capital city of the Philippines. The
Buguias campus is at Loo valley, where vegetable terraces abound while the Bokod
campus is at the foot of Mt.Pulag, the second highest mountain in the country.
No. of words (100)
No. of sentence (4) =Ave. sent. length (25) + No. of difficult words (5) x 0.4 = FI (12)
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
17
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Readability of the BSU leaflet
Fog index was used to measure the readability of the BSU leaflet. The different
panels were tested and were resulted to different levels of readability. Table 2 shows the
readability of the BSU leaflet. This shows that the BSU leaflet is suited from high school
freshmen to college graduate.
Table 2: Readability of the BSU leaflet
Columns of leaflet
Fog Index
Level
Column 1
9.8
High school freshmen
Column 2
18
College Graduate
Column 3
18.5
College graduate
Column 4
13.1
College Freshmen
Column 5
12
High school senior
Respondents’ Perception of
Words Used in the Leaflet
Table 3 shows that about 47.14 % of the total respondents said that the words
used are easy to understand, while only 2.85 % said it is quite difficult to understand
This is an indication that the words used in the BSU leaflet are not that much
difficult to understand by the reader. Most (47.14) of the respondents were not hard up to
understand the words used in the leaflet. Note that in making leaflet, it is best to use
simple words and not to use jargon and legalistic words.
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
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Table 3: Respondents’ perception on words used in the leaflet
Characteristics Frequency(n)
Percentage
Words used are:
quite easy to understand
33
47.14
easy to understand
24
34.28
quite difficult to understand
11
15.71
difficult to understand
2
2.85
TOTAL 70
100
Respondents’ Perception of
Information Presented in the Leaflet
Of the respondents surveyed, 54.28 % said that information is well discussed,
while 10% indicated that info on BSU leaflet is not enough.
This shows that most of the respondents viewed that the information in the BSU
leaflet are discussed and elaborated well.
Table 4: Respondents’ perception on the information presented in the leaflet
Characteristics Frequency (n) Percentage (%)
Info is well discussed
38
54.28
Info on BSU is well elaborated
18
25.71
Info is not well elaborated
7
10
It is not enough
7
10
TOTAL 70
100
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
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Respondents’ Initial Perception of the Leaflet
Table 5 shows that 47.14% of the respondents viewed the BSU leaflet as
interesting, 45.71% viewed it as attractive, while 7.14% viewed it as boring.
This result shows that almost half of the respondents were interested about the
information presented in the leaflet. It was noted that few people flipped over the leaflet
to see the other panels (www.ilcaonline.org, 2006). It is important that the leaflet should
look interesting and attractive at the first glance so that readers are urged to continue
reading.
Table 5.Respondents’ initial perception of the leaflet
Characteristics Frequency(n) Percentage
(%)
It is interesting
33
47.14
It is boring
5
7.14
It is attractive
32
45.71
TOTAL 70 100
Influence of the BSU leaflet
Considering the aims of a leaflet to increase knowledge and understanding,
correct misunderstanding, raise awareness about a service/institution and to give
instruction, there are still limitations especially in changing attitude and behavior.
(www.ilcaonline.org, 2006)
With regards to the influence of the BSU leaflet, table 6 shows that majority
(62.85%) of the respondents answered it made them think about considering BSU as a
future school for further study, while 37.14% answered that they were encouraged to
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
20
enroll in BSU for higher learning. This indicates that many of the respondents were
convinced to enroll in BSU. Majority (62.85) answered it made them think about
considering BSU as a future school for further study. Some said that they were not able to
take the entrance exam. And it is remarkable to note that no one answered that they were
not interested or discouraged to enroll in BSU.
Table 6: Influence of the BSU leaflet
Characteristic Frequency(n)
Percentage
(%)
It made me think about considering BSU as
44
62.85
future school for college education
26
37.14
I am encouraged to enroll in BSU
TOTAL
70
100
Information Needs
Table 7 shows the information that respondents want to be included in the
BSU leaflet. Majority (75.71%) of the respondents answered and asked about other
courses that may not have been listed in the leaflet. Many of them said that they really
wanted to enroll in BSU but their dream courses are not in BSU, like commerce,
dentistry, civil engineering and others. Other information that the respondents wanted to
be placed in the leaflet are the following: rundown of the matriculation fees in the
university, requirements for enrolling, and scholarships.
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
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Table 7: Information Needs
Characteristics
Frequency (n)
Percentage (%)
Additional offered courses
53
75.71
Rundown of the matriculation fees
32
45.71
in the university
Scholarships
25
35.71
Requirements for enrolling
20
28.57
*Multiple responses
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
22
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The study on the effectiveness of the BSU leaflet to graduating students of
Kibungan National High School was conducted to determine if the BSU leaflet is an
effective material in providing information about the university to prospective students;
to determine if the BSU leaflet influenced the respondents to consider enrolling in BSU;
and to enumerate the information needs of the respondents about BSU that was not
included in the BSU leaflet.
The researcher used a survey questionnaire to gather the needed information. Data
gathered was analyzed using statistical methods such as frequency, percentage and
ranking.
Readability of the BSU leaflet was based on the Fog Index.
Results showed that most of the respondents answered that the words used in the
BSU leaflet are easy to understand and the information presented in the leaflet is also
elaborated and well-presented. However few claimed that it is not well-elaborated and it
is not enough. They also said that BSU leaflet is interesting and attractive. Most of the
respondents answered that The BSU leaflet made them think about considering BSU as a
future school for further study. And some also answered that they were encouraged to
enroll in BSU. The leading information that the respondents wants to be included in the
leaflet is the additional offered courses, rundown of the different matriculation fees in the
university, scholarships, and the requirements for enrolling.
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
23
Conclusion
Based on the findings, the following conclusions were derived.
1. BSU leaflet has an average readability level suited for a High School freshman
2. BSU leaflet is claimed to be interesting and attractive.
3. BSU leaflet have few difficult words that are not easily understood by some
graduating high school students
4. BSU leaflet is an effective material in disseminating information about the
university, especially for students who are looking for school to enroll in for their
college studies.
5. Information that was not included in the leaflet are additional offered courses,
rundown of the matriculation fees paid in the university, scholarships and
requirements for enrolling.
Recommendations
Based on the conclusions, the following recommendations are formulated.
1. BSU leaflet should maintain its feature as interesting and attractive.
2. BSU leaflet should maintain using words that are easy to understand and should
make those other words more simplified for better understanding.
3. BSU leaflet should include more information about the university like the
additional offered courses, rundown of the matriculation fees in the university,
scholarships, and requirements for enrolling.
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
24
LITERATURE CITED
ANONYMOUS. n.d. Psychological operations/warfare leaflets. Retrieved August 25,
2005,
from
http://www.psywarrior.com/links.html
ANOMYMOUS. n.d. The School Improvement Knowledge Base. Retrieved February 6,
2006,
from
http://www.helpforschools.com/shared_docs/tips/Fog_Index_Readability.php
BRIGHAM, N. and INTERNATIONAL LABOR
COMMUNICATION.ASSOCIATION. n.d. How to do Leaflets, Newsletter, and
Newspapers. Retrieved August 29, 2006, from
http://www.ilcaonline.org/~nbbook/2leaflet.php
CADIZ, M. 1991. Educational Communication for Development. UPLB: CA
Publications
Programs.
SMITH, R. n.d. Fog Index. Retrieved February 14, 2006 from
http://facstaff.buffalostate.edu/smithrd/PRwrite/fog.htm
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
25
APPENDICES
Benguet State University
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
Department of Extension Education
La Trinidad, Benguet
MR. GEOFFREY PALAO-AY SR.
The Principal
Kibungan National High School
Sir:
Warm Greetings!
I am Charlene a. Olanio, a fourth year student of BS in Development
Communication at Benguet State University. I am presently conducting my
Undergraduate Thesis (DevC200), tiltled “Assessment of the Benguet State University
Leaflet to Graduating Students of Kibungan National High School”
In this regard, please allow me to conduct a survey among the fourth year students
in your school.
Thank you very much and I’m looking forward for your approval.
Respectfully yours,
CHARLENE A. OLANIO
Researcher
Noted:
SHERYL I. FERNANDO
Adviser
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
26
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
I. Student’s profile
Name: ______________________ Respondent No. _________
Sex: _____Male _____ Female
II. Understanding the BSU leaflet
(Put a checkmark and choose only one)
1. What can you say about the words used in the BSU leaflet?
____Words used are quite easy to understand
____Words used are easy to understand
____Words used are quite difficult to understand
____Words used are difficult to understand
____Others (pls.specify) ___________________________________________________
2. What can you say about the content of the BSU leaflet?
____ Information is well discussed
____ Information on BSU is elaborated
____ Information is not well elaborated
____ Not interesting
____ It is not enough
____ Others (pls. specify) _________________________________________________
III. Influence of the BSU leaflet.
1. At first view/glance of the leaflet, what can you say?
____ It is interesting
____ It is boring
____ It is attractive
____ Others (pls.specify) ___________________________________________________
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
27
2. What can you say after reading the BSU leaflet?
____ I am encourage to enroll in BSU
____ I am discourage to enroll in BSU
____ I am not interested
____ It made me think about considering BSU as a future school for college education
____ Others (pls.specify) ___________________________________________________
IV. Information Needs
(You may check more than one)
1.What information do you want to be included about BSU that was not included in the
BSU leaflet?
____ Additional offered courses
____ Rundown of the matriculation fees in the university
____ Requirements in enrolling
____ Scholarships
____Others (pls.specify) ___________________________________________________
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
OLANIO, CHARLENE A. March 2006. Graduating High school Students’
Assessment on the Benguet Sate University Leaflet. Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Sheryl I. Fernando, BSc
ABSTRACT
The study on the effectiveness of the BSU leaflet to graduating students of
Kibungan National High School was conducted to determine if the BSU leaflet is an
effective material in providing information about the university to prospective students;
to determine if the BSU leaflet influenced the respondents to consider enrolling in BSU;
and to enumerate the information needs of the respondents about BSU that was not
included in the BSU leaflet.
The researcher used a survey questionnaire to gather the needed information. Data
gathered was analyzed using statistical methods such as frequency, percentage and
ranking.
Readability of the BSU leaflet was based on the Fog Index.
Results obtained that most of the respondents answered that the words used in the
BSU leaflet are easy to understand and the information presented in the leaflet is also
elaborated and well-presented. However few claimed that it is not well-elaborated and it
is not enough. They also said that BSU leaflet is interesting and attractive. Most of the
respondents answered that The BSU leaflet made them think about considering BSU as a
future school for further study. And some also answered that they were encouraged to
enroll in BSU. Leading information that the respondents want to be included in the leaflet
is the additional offered courses, rundown of the different matriculation fees in the
university, scholarships, and the requirements for enrolling.
It is recommended that BSU leaflet should maintain its feature as interesting and
attractive. It should also maintain using words that are easy to understand and should
make those other words more simplified for better understanding .BSU leaflet should also
include more information about the university like the additional offered courses,
rundown of the matriculation fees in the university, and requirements for enrolling.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………… i
Abstract ……………………………………………………………………….......
i
Table of Content ………………………………………………………………….
iii
INTRODUCTION
Rationale …………………………………………………………………...
1
Statement of the Problem ………………………………………………….
2
Objectives of the Study ……………………………………………………
2
Importance of the Study ……………………………………………………
3
Scope and Limitation ………………………………………………………
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Publication Media ………………………………………………………….
4
Non-Periodical……………………………………………………………...
4
Leaflets …………………………………………………………………….
4
Categories of Leaflets ……………………………………………………...
5
Physical Characteristics of Leaflets ………………………………………...
5
Advantages of Written Information ………………………………………...
6
Disadvantages of Written Information………………………………………
6
Leaflet Composition ………………………………………………………..
6
The Aims of a Leaflets ……………………………………………………..
7
Readability …………………………………………………………………
8
Fog Index Formula …………………………………………………………
9
iii
METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study ……………………………………………...
10
Respondents of the Study …………………………………………………..
10
Research Instrument………………………………………………………...
10
Data Collection …………………………………………………………….
10
Data Analysis …………………………………………………………........
12
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Readability of the BSU Leaflet …………………………………………….
17
Respondents’ Perception on Words Used in the Leaflet …………………...
17
Respondents Perception on the Information Presented
In the Leaflet ……………………………………………………………….
18
Respondents Initial Perception on the Leaflet ……………………………..
19
Influence of BSU Leaflet …………………………………………………..
19
Information Needs …………………………………………………………
20
SUMMARY,CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary ……………………………………………………………………
22
Conclusions …………………………………………………………………
23
Recommendations…………………………………………………………...
23
LITERATURE CITED…………………………………………………………..
24
APPENDICES………………………………………………………………….....
25
iv
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Information materials are used by different organizations and groups to relay
ideas, concepts, and services among others to people in the community. One of the most
common information materials being produced is the leaflet.
A leaflet is a single sheet folded in several ways that contain brief information
about an institution, a concept, services being offered etc. Most of the time, it is widely
distributed to people for intensive information dissemination. In addition, Cadiz (1991)
adds that it contains highly illustrated information on a topic and it usually has a variety
of purpose: to urge, tell, advice, instruct, or explain.
The Benguet State University uses the leaflet as one of its vehicles in giving out
information about the university. It has produced several leaflets on processing food
products, animal raising, courses and colleges in the university and the like.
Benguet State University leaflet is one of the publications of the university. It
includes the university’s academic programs, students’ services, undergraduate courses,
graduate courses, research, development and extension services, production programs,
institutional linkages, and the location.
Leaflet belongs to the publication media. Publications provide the most abstract
type of learning among the communication media because using them requires mastery of
printed symbols, or in short, reading skills. These are use individually eliciting thought
and reflection on one’s own. (Cadiz, 1991).
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
2
Since the leaflet provides the most abstract learning, it is then important to
evaluate if it delivers the exact message it wants to tell the receiver.
This study will focus on the effectiveness of the BSU leaflet as a material in
disseminating information about the university.
Statement of the Problem
The study generally aimed to assess the effectiveness of the Benguet State
University leaflet to the graduating students of Kibungan National High School (KNHS)
in Kibungan, Benguet.
Specifically, it aimed to answer the following questions:
1. What is the readability of the BSU leaflet?
2. What are the perceptions of KNHS students on the BSU leaflet as source of
information about BSU?
3. What are the information needs of the KNHS students that the leaflet did not
provide?
Objective of the Study
The study aimed to asses the effectiveness of the BSU leaflet to the graduating
students of KNHS in Kibungan Benguet. The objectives were:
1. Determine the readability of the BSU leaflet;
2. To determine KNHS students’ perceptions on the BSU leaflet as source of
information about BSU; and
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
3
3. To enumerate the information the respondents wanted to know more about BSU
that was not included in the BSU leaflet.
Importance of the Study
The main concern of this study was to know if the BSU leaflet is an effective
material in providing information about BSU to graduating students of KNHS in
Kibungan Benguet. This study could also help in providing information on how to
improve the BSU leaflet for better dissemination of information about the university.
Scope and Limitation
The study was limited to finding out the following: the readability of the BSU
leaflet; perceptions of respondents on the BSU leaflet in terms of: words used,
information presented, and additional information to be added. The leaflet was also
assessed if it influenced the respondents to consider BSU for higher learning.
The study was conducted to the graduating class of KNHS for 2006. This study
was conducted on November 2005 to February 2006.
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
4
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Groups of people use publication media in their activities. Organizations,
companies, and other institutions use publication media to inform people about their
group or about their programs, campaigns and new products as well.
To be aware of the role of publication media in our society’s progress is
important. To know its use is to be effective too.
Publication Media
Most publications can cover a material comprehensively and in depth. Each
specific type of publication uses a specific type of message treatment. Most publications
merely present information, although they may be adopted in the discussion and sharing
modes (Cadiz, 1996)
Publication generally classified into periodical and non-periodical.
Non-Periodical
Non-Periodical are publication that are not produced regularly and are usually
done so far a particular purpose.
Leaflets
A leaflet is a single sheet of paper containing highly illustrated information on
one topic. The paper, usually 8 ½ x 11” is folded in a number of ways: right angle fold,
concertina or accordion fold, gate fold and parallel fold. (www.psywarrior.com, 2005)
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
5
These are short, often urgent, written messages you'll usually hand out or post on
a bulletin board, hallway, etc. Something at the top must look so striking and important
that harried passersby who take a quick glance from 20 feet away will stop dead in their
tracks, drop everything. And read it. Everything should be on one side only of a sturdy
sheet of paper - It's remarkable how few people flip over a leaflet to see what's on the
other side. The message must be so short and easy to read that people will finish the
whole thing before they look up or get wherever they're going. (www.ilcaonline.org,
2006)
CATEGORIES OF LEAFLETS
Leaflets may be categorized as persuasive, informative, and directive. The
persuasive leaflet attains its objective through use of reason. Facts are presented so that
the audience is convinced. The informative leaflet is factual. In presenting facts
previously unknown to the audience, it attracts a reading public by satisfying curiosity.
The directive leaflet directs action when intelligence indicates the target is receptive. It is
use to direct and control activities of underground forces (www.psywarrior.com, 2005)
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LEAFLETS
Leaflet production is affected by the physical characteristics of paper, such as
shape, texture, quality, size and weight. Legibility and color reproduction are noticeably
affected by paper quality and texture. A high grade of paper is needed for correct color
reproduction. Quality also affects durability. Safer conduct passes should always be
printed on durable, high quality paper.(www.psywarrior.com,2005)
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
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The major factors involved in selection of paper weights and leaflet sizes are:
message length, artwork required, delivery system to be used, press capabilities, purpose
of the leaflet. Because the text of the message is limited by space and other
considerations, the writer must persuade the enemy with the reasonable or emotional
content of his message by word of mouth. (www.psywarrior.com,2005)
LEAFLET COMPOSITION
Typography: Although leaflets generally are small, they should contain
comparatively large print. However, a small leaflet with large print makes it necessary to
use a text that is brief. The type must be large enough to be legible, readable and familiar
to the audience.
Color: The use of color is important in the appearance of the leaflet. The number
of colors available will be limited by the type of printing equipment available. When two
or more colors can be used, the factor should be considered. Color in a leaflet should
usually contrast sharply with the predominant color so that superimposed texts can be
read clearly.
Information materials, no matter what type, have its pros and cons. For written
information materials like the leaflet, the International Labor Communications
Association (2006) points out the following advantages and disadvantages of using
written information:
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
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7
Advantages of written information include:
It reinforces verbal information and help people remember it, it can give more
details than you can give verbally, it can be kept for future reference
Disadvantages of written information include
It may not be the best way of giving complicated instructions, producing a leaflet
costs time, effort and money, the information in a leaflet can go out of date quickly,
people’s ability to read varies.
The advantages and disadvantages of written information materials can serve as a
guide in producing a leaflet. It can help in the production and design of appropriate
information materials.
The Aims of A Leaflet
Having considered the advantages and disadvantages of using a leaflet you will
want to consider the aims of your leaflet. You may ask yourself, “What do you want the
leaflet to achieve? Do you wish to increase knowledge and understanding?”
The primary consideration for producing information materials, a leaflet for that
matter, would be the target audience. Getting to know the target audience can help
customize and develop a good leaflet that will cater to their information needs.
You should bear in mind the limitations of a leaflet, especially in terms of
changing attitudes and behaviors (www.ilcaonline.org, 2006)
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
8
Format of a Leaflet
When folding paper, avoid creases that obscure the text. People who use screen
magnifiers need to place the document flat under the magnifier, so try not to use a
binding method that may make it difficult to flatten the
document.(www.ilcaonline.org, 2006)
Readability
One way of evaluating the effectiveness of an information material is testing its
readability. Readability quantifies the level of comprehension of a particular reading
material and identifies a specific audience for that matter. One way of getting the
readability is the fog index.
Robert Gunning developed a way to measure how hard something is to read. His
Fog Index in The Technique of Clear Writing (McGraw-Hill) is considered the most
reliable formula for testing your writing. It is not an index of how good your writing is
but of how easy it is to understand. Good writing is another subject. But all writing must
be clear before it can be good. (www.helpforschools.com)
The Gunning Readability formula, also known as the Fog Index, is a good tool for
a public relations writer o marketing communicator. This is a simple way to measure the
level of reading ease of difficulty for any piece of writing. (http://www.buffalostate.edu/)
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
9
Fog Index formula:
1. Take a sample of your writing. Count the words in several complete sentences
until you have about 100 words. Divide the number of words by the number of
sentences to get the average sentence length.
2. Count the words with three or more syllables. Don’t count those that are
capitalized or combinations of short, easy words (like bookkeeper or
garbageman) or that are made three syllables by adding –ed or –es (like
expanded or confesses). This gives you the percentage of "difficult" words from
your sample.
3. Add the average sentence length and the number of words then multiply by
0.4.
The Gunning Fog Index measures the grade level for clear understanding of
writing. We all learn to read more than difficult words before we understand them. Thus,
the Fog Index level is usually two grades or higher than the reading ease grade level.
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
10
METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of Study
The study was conducted at Kibungan National High School (KNHS) from
November 2005 to February 2006 during the school year 2005-2006. KNHS is located at
Poblacion, Kibungan (Figure 1). It is 62 kilometers away from Baguio City, the Summer
Capital of the Philippines. The school was chosen because it is the only secondary school
in Central Kibungan, which is the center of the municipality.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study were the 79 graduating students of KNHS,
Kibungan, Benguet.
Research Instrument
A survey questionnaire was used to collect the needed information about the
KNHS students’ perception on the effectiveness of the BSU leaflet as source of
information for higher learning.
Data Collection
The researcher distributed survey questionnaires to the respondents. The
researcher went from one section to another to personally guide and administer the
questionnaires.
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
11
Figure 1. Map of Kibungan showing the location of the study
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
12
The respondents were given enough time to answer the questionnaire. The
questionnaire was collected after the respondents answered.
Fig.1 shows the map of the study site.
Data Analysis
The data and information gathered from the respondents was interpreted using
statistical methods such as percentage, frequency and ranking.
Readability of the BSU leaflet was tested using the FOG Index.
Fog index was used to measure the readability of the BSU leaflet. The different
panels were tested and were resulted to different levels of readability. Table 1 shows the
readability level
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
13
Table 1: Fog Index Readability Level
Fog Index
Reading Level by Grade
Magazine at this Level
17
College Graduate
16
College senior
15
College junior
14
College sophomore
13
College freshman
12
High School Senior
Atlantic Monthly
11
High School junior
Time, Harpers
10
High School sophomore
Newsweek
9
High school freshman
Readers Digest
8
Eight grade
Ladies’ Home Journal
7
Seventh grade
True Confession
6
Sixth grade
Comic Books
www.helpforschools.com
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
14
Fog Index for BSU leaflet column 1
“The Benguet State University (BSU) is one of the recognized six Centers of
Excellence (COE’s) in Agriculture Education (CHED). It is also designated by CHED as
the Regional State University in the Cordillera Administrative Region.
BSU started as a Farm School in 1916.On January 12, 1985 it gained a university
status by virtue of PD2010. At present it has two satellite campuses in consonance with
RA8292. These are BSU-Bokod campus, formerly known as Buguias-Loo Polytechnic
College. On the main campus its nine colleges, two academic institutes and five research
centers/institutes.”
Formula of getting the readability
No. of words (100) = Ave. sentences + No. difficult words (8) x 0.4 = FI (9.8)
No. of sentence (6)
(underlined words)
Fog Index for Column 2
The university offers affordable undergraduate and graduate education in
agriculture, education, forestry, health science, physical and social sciences, and the arts.
It also offers short courses in selected fields such as agroforestry, entrepreneurial and
automotive technology.
It is the only institution in the Philippines that offers curricular program in semi-
temperate agriculture in view of its climatic condition. Indigenous knowledge are
integrated in its academic courses and other function as is located in the cordillera where
most of the people belong to cultural communities.
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
15
A total of 313 faculty members and 273 support staffs serve the university’s
average enrollment of 7,000 students per semester including foreigners.
100th word
No. of words (100)
No. of sentences (5) =Ave. sent. length (20) +No. of difficult words (25) x 0.4 =FI (18)
Fog Index for column 3
BSU is one of the key players in the national RDE networks particularly in
vegetables root crops, ornamentals, plantation crops, biotechnology, socio-economics,
policy, communication and extension.
There are other institutions within the campus that also provide assistance to or
venue for research and training activities such as Highland Agriculture Resources
Research and Development Consortium (HARRDEC), Department of Science and
Technology (DOST) and Department of Agriculture (DA).
No. of words (100)
No. of sentence (3) = Ave.sent.length (33.3)+No. of difficult words (13) x 0.4 = FI (18.5)
Fog Index for Column 4
BSU is one of the few state universities in the country that recognize
entrepreneurship as one of its functions. Thus, it is able to generate additional funds for
its operation and at the same time to help its students to gain skills in managing a
business. It produces fresh semi-vegetables, cutflowers, and a fruit such as strawberry.It
also operates a food processing center and a bakery, which produce quality food products
mostly from local crops, as well as maintains guestels for visitors.
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
16
No. of words (83)
No. of sentence (4) = Ave. sent. length (20.7) + No.of difficult words (12)x 0.4=FI (13.1)
Fog Index for Column 5
Benguet State University is located in Northern Philippines at Benguet Province
in the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR), where the world living cultural heritage
Banaue Rice Terraces is found. The climate is usually foggy and cool (13 to 25 C) with
six months wet and six months dry season.
The main campus is at La Trinindad valley, the strawberry capital of the country,
about 1300 m asl and 256 km north of Manila, the capital city of the Philippines. The
Buguias campus is at Loo valley, where vegetable terraces abound while the Bokod
campus is at the foot of Mt.Pulag, the second highest mountain in the country.
No. of words (100)
No. of sentence (4) =Ave. sent. length (25) + No. of difficult words (5) x 0.4 = FI (12)
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
17
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Readability of the BSU leaflet
Fog index was used to measure the readability of the BSU leaflet. The different
panels were tested and were resulted to different levels of readability. Table 2 shows the
readability of the BSU leaflet. This shows that the BSU leaflet is suited from high school
freshmen to college graduate.
Table 2: Readability of the BSU leaflet
Columns of leaflet
Fog Index
Level
Column 1
9.8
High school freshmen
Column 2
18
College Graduate
Column 3
18.5
College graduate
Column 4
13.1
College Freshmen
Column 5
12
High school senior
Respondents’ Perception of
Words Used in the Leaflet
Table 3 shows that about 47.14 % of the total respondents said that the words
used are easy to understand, while only 2.85 % said it is quite difficult to understand
This is an indication that the words used in the BSU leaflet are not that much
difficult to understand by the reader. Most (47.14) of the respondents were not hard up to
understand the words used in the leaflet. Note that in making leaflet, it is best to use
simple words and not to use jargon and legalistic words.
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
18
Table 3: Respondents’ perception on words used in the leaflet
Characteristics Frequency(n)
Percentage
Words used are:
quite easy to understand
33
47.14
easy to understand
24
34.28
quite difficult to understand
11
15.71
difficult to understand
2
2.85
TOTAL 70
100
Respondents’ Perception of
Information Presented in the Leaflet
Of the respondents surveyed, 54.28 % said that information is well discussed,
while 10% indicated that info on BSU leaflet is not enough.
This shows that most of the respondents viewed that the information in the BSU
leaflet are discussed and elaborated well.
Table 4: Respondents’ perception on the information presented in the leaflet
Characteristics Frequency (n) Percentage (%)
Info is well discussed
38
54.28
Info on BSU is well elaborated
18
25.71
Info is not well elaborated
7
10
It is not enough
7
10
TOTAL 70
100
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
19
Respondents’ Initial Perception of the Leaflet
Table 5 shows that 47.14% of the respondents viewed the BSU leaflet as
interesting, 45.71% viewed it as attractive, while 7.14% viewed it as boring.
This result shows that almost half of the respondents were interested about the
information presented in the leaflet. It was noted that few people flipped over the leaflet
to see the other panels (www.ilcaonline.org, 2006). It is important that the leaflet should
look interesting and attractive at the first glance so that readers are urged to continue
reading.
Table 5.Respondents’ initial perception of the leaflet
Characteristics Frequency(n) Percentage
(%)
It is interesting
33
47.14
It is boring
5
7.14
It is attractive
32
45.71
TOTAL 70 100
Influence of the BSU leaflet
Considering the aims of a leaflet to increase knowledge and understanding,
correct misunderstanding, raise awareness about a service/institution and to give
instruction, there are still limitations especially in changing attitude and behavior.
(www.ilcaonline.org, 2006)
With regards to the influence of the BSU leaflet, table 6 shows that majority
(62.85%) of the respondents answered it made them think about considering BSU as a
future school for further study, while 37.14% answered that they were encouraged to
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
20
enroll in BSU for higher learning. This indicates that many of the respondents were
convinced to enroll in BSU. Majority (62.85) answered it made them think about
considering BSU as a future school for further study. Some said that they were not able to
take the entrance exam. And it is remarkable to note that no one answered that they were
not interested or discouraged to enroll in BSU.
Table 6: Influence of the BSU leaflet
Characteristic Frequency(n)
Percentage
(%)
It made me think about considering BSU as
44
62.85
future school for college education
26
37.14
I am encouraged to enroll in BSU
TOTAL
70
100
Information Needs
Table 7 shows the information that respondents want to be included in the
BSU leaflet. Majority (75.71%) of the respondents answered and asked about other
courses that may not have been listed in the leaflet. Many of them said that they really
wanted to enroll in BSU but their dream courses are not in BSU, like commerce,
dentistry, civil engineering and others. Other information that the respondents wanted to
be placed in the leaflet are the following: rundown of the matriculation fees in the
university, requirements for enrolling, and scholarships.
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
21
Table 7: Information Needs
Characteristics
Frequency (n)
Percentage (%)
Additional offered courses
53
75.71
Rundown of the matriculation fees
32
45.71
in the university
Scholarships
25
35.71
Requirements for enrolling
20
28.57
*Multiple responses
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
22
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The study on the effectiveness of the BSU leaflet to graduating students of
Kibungan National High School was conducted to determine if the BSU leaflet is an
effective material in providing information about the university to prospective students;
to determine if the BSU leaflet influenced the respondents to consider enrolling in BSU;
and to enumerate the information needs of the respondents about BSU that was not
included in the BSU leaflet.
The researcher used a survey questionnaire to gather the needed information. Data
gathered was analyzed using statistical methods such as frequency, percentage and
ranking.
Readability of the BSU leaflet was based on the Fog Index.
Results showed that most of the respondents answered that the words used in the
BSU leaflet are easy to understand and the information presented in the leaflet is also
elaborated and well-presented. However few claimed that it is not well-elaborated and it
is not enough. They also said that BSU leaflet is interesting and attractive. Most of the
respondents answered that The BSU leaflet made them think about considering BSU as a
future school for further study. And some also answered that they were encouraged to
enroll in BSU. The leading information that the respondents wants to be included in the
leaflet is the additional offered courses, rundown of the different matriculation fees in the
university, scholarships, and the requirements for enrolling.
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
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Conclusion
Based on the findings, the following conclusions were derived.
1. BSU leaflet has an average readability level suited for a High School freshman
2. BSU leaflet is claimed to be interesting and attractive.
3. BSU leaflet have few difficult words that are not easily understood by some
graduating high school students
4. BSU leaflet is an effective material in disseminating information about the
university, especially for students who are looking for school to enroll in for their
college studies.
5. Information that was not included in the leaflet are additional offered courses,
rundown of the matriculation fees paid in the university, scholarships and
requirements for enrolling.
Recommendations
Based on the conclusions, the following recommendations are formulated.
1. BSU leaflet should maintain its feature as interesting and attractive.
2. BSU leaflet should maintain using words that are easy to understand and should
make those other words more simplified for better understanding.
3. BSU leaflet should include more information about the university like the
additional offered courses, rundown of the matriculation fees in the university,
scholarships, and requirements for enrolling.
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
24
LITERATURE CITED
ANONYMOUS. n.d. Psychological operations/warfare leaflets. Retrieved August 25,
2005,
from
http://www.psywarrior.com/links.html
ANOMYMOUS. n.d. The School Improvement Knowledge Base. Retrieved February 6,
2006,
from
http://www.helpforschools.com/shared_docs/tips/Fog_Index_Readability.php
BRIGHAM, N. and INTERNATIONAL LABOR
COMMUNICATION.ASSOCIATION. n.d. How to do Leaflets, Newsletter, and
Newspapers. Retrieved August 29, 2006, from
http://www.ilcaonline.org/~nbbook/2leaflet.php
CADIZ, M. 1991. Educational Communication for Development. UPLB: CA
Publications
Programs.
SMITH, R. n.d. Fog Index. Retrieved February 14, 2006 from
http://facstaff.buffalostate.edu/smithrd/PRwrite/fog.htm
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
25
APPENDICES
Benguet State University
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
Department of Extension Education
La Trinidad, Benguet
MR. GEOFFREY PALAO-AY SR.
The Principal
Kibungan National High School
Sir:
Warm Greetings!
I am Charlene a. Olanio, a fourth year student of BS in Development
Communication at Benguet State University. I am presently conducting my
Undergraduate Thesis (DevC200), tiltled “Assessment of the Benguet State University
Leaflet to Graduating Students of Kibungan National High School”
In this regard, please allow me to conduct a survey among the fourth year students
in your school.
Thank you very much and I’m looking forward for your approval.
Respectfully yours,
CHARLENE A. OLANIO
Researcher
Noted:
SHERYL I. FERNANDO
Adviser
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
26
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
I. Student’s profile
Name: ______________________ Respondent No. _________
Sex: _____Male _____ Female
II. Understanding the BSU leaflet
(Put a checkmark and choose only one)
1. What can you say about the words used in the BSU leaflet?
____Words used are quite easy to understand
____Words used are easy to understand
____Words used are quite difficult to understand
____Words used are difficult to understand
____Others (pls.specify) ___________________________________________________
2. What can you say about the content of the BSU leaflet?
____ Information is well discussed
____ Information on BSU is elaborated
____ Information is not well elaborated
____ Not interesting
____ It is not enough
____ Others (pls. specify) _________________________________________________
III. Influence of the BSU leaflet.
1. At first view/glance of the leaflet, what can you say?
____ It is interesting
____ It is boring
____ It is attractive
____ Others (pls.specify) ___________________________________________________
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
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2. What can you say after reading the BSU leaflet?
____ I am encourage to enroll in BSU
____ I am discourage to enroll in BSU
____ I am not interested
____ It made me think about considering BSU as a future school for college education
____ Others (pls.specify) ___________________________________________________
IV. Information Needs
(You may check more than one)
1.What information do you want to be included about BSU that was not included in the
BSU leaflet?
____ Additional offered courses
____ Rundown of the matriculation fees in the university
____ Requirements in enrolling
____ Scholarships
____Others (pls.specify) ___________________________________________________
Graduating High school Students’ Assessment on the
Benguet Sate University Leaflet / Charlene A. Olanio. 2006
Document Outline
- Graduating High school Students�
Assessment on the Benguet Sate University Leaflet.
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- Rationale
- Statement of the Problem
- Objective of the Study
- Importance of the Study
- Scope and Limitation
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- Publication Media
- Non-Periodical
- Leaflets
- CATEGORIES OF LEAFLETS
- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LEAFLETS
- LEAFLET COMPOSITION
- The Aims of A Leaflet
- Format of a Leaflet
- METHODOLOGY
- Locale and Time of Study
- Respondents of the Study
- Research Instrument
- Data Collection
- Data Analysis
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- Readability of the BSU leaflet
- Respondents� Perception ofWords Used in the Leaflet
- Respondents� Perception ofInformation Presented in the Leaflet
- Respondents� Initial Perception of the Leaflet
- Influence of the BSU leaflet
- Information Needs
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- Summary
- Conclusion
- Recommendations
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES