Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
BIBLIOGRAPHY
DE GUZMAN, DELFIN L. APRIL 2007. Profile of Bangus Processing in
Pangasinan. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Jovita M. Sim, MSc
ABSTRACT
The study aimed to determine the demographic profile of the
processors/respondents in six municipalities of Pangasinan; determine the processed
bangus products produced; determine the market outlets of the processors by products;
determine the packaging materials used by processors per products; identify their
production problems encountered; identify their marketing problems encountered; and
the suggested possible solutions to these problems.
Sixty eight (68) of the processors were personally interviewed while others is
thru the floating survey questionnaire form during the conduct.
Most of the processors belonged to the middle age and were high school level.
The total number of processors/respondents collected was 68. Most of them has a
permit/license of business to Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). The total number
of processed products was 16 and the marketing outlet were traders, direct consumers and
supermarkets. Many of the processors chose direct consumers who bought their products
at higher price.
The main problems of the processors were high cost of raw materials, availability
of resources, lack of government support, high transportation cost, price fluctuation,
technology gap, high cost of row materials, lack of financial assistance and competition
were the main problem of the processors. The suggested possible solutions to these
problems were to add additional market outlets, financial assistance/support, formation of
organizations of fish marketing association/cooperatives marketing and storage facilities.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography………………………………………………………………………......
i
Abstract ……………...………………………………………………………………… i
Table of Contents ….…………………………………………………………………. iii
INTRODUCTION
Rationale .…………...………………………………………………………… 1
Statement of the Problem ……………………………………………………… 2
Objectives of the Study ………………………………………………………
3
Importance of the Study ……………………………………………………… 3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Production ……………………………………………………………………
4
Marketing Practices …………………………………………………………… 4
Marketing Outlets ……………………………………………………………. 5
Choice of Outlets ……………………………………………………………… 5
Factors Affecting the Choice of Outlets ……………………………………… 5
METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study ………………………………………………… 6
Respondents of the Study ……………………………………………………… 6
Methods of Data Gathering…………………………………………………… 6
Data Analysis ………………………………………………………………… 6
iii
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Study Area ……………………………………………………………………
7
Profile of Respondents ………………………………………………………… 9
Kinds of Processed Bangus Products ………………………………………… 11
Market Outlets……………………………………………………………….. 12
Kinds of Packaging Materials for the
Bangus Processed Products……………......................................................... 14
Production Problems Encountered by Bangus
Processors……………………………………………………………………. 15
Marketing Problems Encountered by Bangus
Processors………………………………………………………………….. ... 16
Suggested Solutions to the Problems………………………………………… 17
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary ……………………………………………………………………… 19
Conclusions…………………………………………………………………… 20
Recommendations……………………………………………………………. 21
LITERATURE CITED………………………………………………………………. 22
iv
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Pangasinan is known for its bangus production, especially in the city of Dagupan.
Dagupan City is located on the northern part of Pangasinan and is 212 kilometers north of
Manila. It is bounded by Lingayen Gulf in the north, San Fabian in the northeast,
Mangaldan in the east, Calasiao in the south and Binmaley in the west.
Production and marketing practices of processed bangus is one of the upraising
industry in the province of Pangasinan. At present there are five municipalities and one
city of Pangasinan who are engaged in bangus processing industry. The five
municipalities are Lingayen, San Fabian, Mangaldan, Calasiao, and Binmaley. And one
city, Dagupan.
Pangasinan is the major producer and supplier of bangus for fresh market in
northern Luzon and in some part of the Metro Manila. In early 80’s Bureau of Fisheries
and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) promoted the intensive production of bangus. The
intensive support by BFAR on bangus production had resulted on expansion of
production areas up to other areas of Luzon such as La Union and Ilocos. The increase in
production per area led to the increase in supply as alternative market. Thus the
processing technology had been developed and now becoming one of the major
livelihood in Pangasinan area (BFAR, 2002). Dagupan city gave birth to the bangus
festival which started in May 1998. in the festival different processing method and
technology, and recipes are showcased.
Bangus processing is one way of prolonging the storage life of bangus production
and prevention from spoilage caused by microbial chemical composition.
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
2
The bangus processors contribute thousands of pesos annually to the government
in terms of specific taxes, license, and inspection fees. Bangus production and processing
is one of the major upraising livelihood in Pangasinan.
Production and marketing practice of processed bangus has economic potentials
and can become a highly profitable livelihood especially in production areas, where
bangus harvest is abundant. Therefore, it is necessary that the government and private
sectors should work hand in hand to support and develop the production and marketing
system of processed bangus especially for the small scale production processing
enterprises. Market support is necessary to improve marketing system.
Statement of the Problem
This study focused on the survey and analysis on the production and marketing
practices of processed bangus. Specifically, the study aimed to answer the following
questions: 1). who are the bangus processors? 2). what are the processed bangus
products produced by the different processors? 3). what are the market outlets for
processed bangus? 4). what are the production problems encountered by bangus
processors? 5). what are the marketing problems encountered by the bangus processors?
and 6). what are the suggested possible solutions to the problems encountered by bangus
processors?
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
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Objectives of the Study
The study aimed to 1). find out the bangus processors, 2). find out the different
processed products produced from bangus, 3). find out market practices employed by
bangus processors, 4). find out production problems encountered by bangus processors,
5). identify the marketing constraints encountered by the bangus processors, and 6).
enumerate possible solutions to the problems encountered by bangus processors.
Importance of the Study
From the stand point of processed bangus production, every processors engaged
in this enterprise should consider marketing as one factor in attaining profitable
production. The availability of market and market system is one of the major
factor/consideration in production and processing enterprise. Production is not profitable
if market system is not viable.
The general situation of the production and marketing practices in the processed
bangus was appraised in this study. Hence, the appraisal can promote understanding of
the various production and marketing operations done by the processors, find means of
improving the system and make it more efficient, and also become a useful guide for
processed bangus in improving their production and marketing practices.
The result of this research work will provide a picture on the profile of bangus
industry and marketing operations of bangus processors. Results can be a basis in
planning to improve the production system and marketing. The findings can also serve as
a guide for further research and analysis.
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Production
World processed bangus production plays an increasingly important role in
providing the quality of diet demanded by the expanding population in developed and
developing nations. Bangus processing industry has been able to meet the world demand.
Some of the main attributes of processed bangus include its ideal suitability to
mechanization from harvesting to processing (Smith, 2002).
Padian (2002) reported that high production from a unit of water is the result of
harvesting fish that are properly handled, processed and stored. As stated by Oshima
(1998) the production of processed bangus in the Philippines had been delegated to
qualify private cooperators approved by fish board.
Marketing Practices
The major pre-sale practices involved in processed bangus marketing include
drying, storing, grading, packaging, processing and transporting to market. Most
processors transport processed bangus to market with motor vehicles, trucks, jeeps, and
boats (Hipolito, 1995).
The marketing distribution system of processed bangus involves many gadgets
before reaching the final consumer. The marketing agents are processors, local
assemblers, processed bangus wholesale dealers, and processed bangus retailers. The
bangus processors have very limited choices in marketing their products, because they
usually commit their produce to local assemblers to whom the processors are in debt for
financial sustenance during the production period to the processing time (Rosario, 1999).
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
5
Marketing Outlets
Private wholesalers are the most important outlets and are used by about 40
percent of the processors. The second most important outlets is sales direct to consumers;
sales to agent buyers and to retailers are next to consumers. Sales to agent buyers and to
retailers are of importance. Nearly 60 percent of the processors sell to wholesalers
including agent buyers as outlets of their products. Practically, all the leading bangus
processors sell to wholesale buyers. Nevertheless, a few sell some processed bangus to
retailers and even to costumers in an attempt to obtain higher prices (Hipolito and
Rosario, 1995).
Choice of Outlets
Convenience and good prices are two equal major reason why processors choose
particular buyers/outlets for their processed bangus (Hipolito and Rosario, 1995).
Factors Affecting the Choice of Marketing Outlets
One of the factors affecting the choice of marketing is dependent upon the volume
and size of production. It is the processors who decides whether to increase the size of
production. With the big volume of production, processors employ wholeselling or
contract buying as their marketing outlets (Agricultural Economics and Development,
1996).
METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study
The study was conducted in five municipalities and one city of Pangasinan. The
municipalities are Lingayen, San Fabian, Mangaldan, Calasiao, Binmaley and the City of
Dagupan. These areas are the major producers of fresh and processed bangus.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study were the bangus processors in the identified areas.
There were 60 respondents in which includes licensed and unlicensed bangus processors.
Random sampling was employed in the selection of respondents.
Methods of Data Gathering
Data were gathered through interview with the use of open and closed ended
questionnaire. The list of licensed bangus processors was gathered from the office of
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) used in the selection of respondents.
Data Analysis
The data gathered were tabulated and analyzed using simple descriptive analysis
such as frequency counts and percentage.
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Study Area
Bangus processing is one of the livelihood portfolio of household in different
municipalities of Pangasinan. Table 1 shows the distribution of respondents as to the
study site and classifications as to the availability of business permit. Results show that
municipality of Calasiao had the highest number of processors/respondents in bangus
processing. The municipality of Dagupan had the highest number of registered processors
of bangus (with business permit) as processors of Department of Trade and Industry
(DTI). Dagupan City also has the less number of processors without business permit.
Followed by Calasiao,Lingayen, Binmaley, San Fabian and finally the municipality of
Mangaldan. The map of the study is shown in Figure 1.
Table 1. Distribution of respondents as to study area and availability of business
permit/license
WITH BUSINESS
WITHOUT BUSINESS
TOTAL
AREA
PERMITS
PERMITS
PERCENTAGE
F
%
F
%
(%)
DagupanCity
11
16.2
1
1.5
17.7
Mangaldan
6
8.8
5
7.4
16.2
San Fabian
7
10.3
3
4.4
14.7
Lingayen
9
13.2
2
2.9
16.1
Binmaley
7
10.3
3
4.4
14.7
Calasiao
9
13.2
5
7.4
20.6
TOTAL
49
72
19
28
100
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
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Figure 1. Area of the study
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
9
Profile of the Respondents
Table 2 shows the profile of respondents as to age, sex, civil status, educational
attainment and source of income.
Age. Fifty six percent of the 68 respondents were 26-35 years of age, 26% with
age ranging from 36-45, 12% with age ranging from 15-25, and 6% age ranging from 46-
55 years old.
Sex. Most (69%) of the respondents were female processors and 31% were
males. Results implies that females have equal or more opportunities on food processing
such bangus processing as livelihood activity.
Civil status. Majority (74%) of the respondents processors are married and 26%
are single. This implies that married persons are more involved in livelihood activities
such as bangus processing than unmarried person.
Educational attainment. Most (47%)of the respondents had reached high school,
31% of the processors reached college and 22% elementary education. Results implies
that those who reached high school and elementary educated are involved in bangus
processing wherein they could their own employing themselves.
Source of income. The major and only source of livelihood of respondent
processors is bangus processing by 72% of the respondents. Twenty eight percent are into
bangus processing as additional source of income and for family consumption.
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
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Table 2. Profile of the respondents
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
(F)
(%)
Age
15-25
8
12
26-35
38
56
36-45
18
26
46-55
4
6
TOTAL
68
100
Sex
Male
21
31
Female
47
69
TOTAL
68
100
Civil Status
Married
50
74
Single
18
26
TOTAL
68
100
Educational Attainment
Elementary
15
22
High school
32
47
College
21
31
TOTAL
68
100
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
11
Table 2. Continued…
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
(F)
(%)
Source of Income
Business
49
72
Employed
19
28
TOTAL
68
100
*Multiple response
Kinds of Bangus Products
Table 3 shows the kind of bangus products processed by the respondents.
Boneless bangus product is the most common products processed by almost all of
respondents (67 out of 68 respondents). Followed by smoked bangus (56 respondents),
dried bangus (37 respondents), lumpia (36 respondents), longaniza (33 respondents),
relleno (20 respondents), fillet, shanghai, tocino (19 respondents), belly (17
respondents), boneless tinapa (14 respondents), burong bangus (11 respondents), smoked
soft-boned bangus (8 respondents), lamayong bangus (7 respondents), hamonadong
bangus (6 respondents) and there were only 5 respondents processing bangus into
sardines.
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
12
Table 3. Kinds of bangus processed products produced by respondents
PRODUCTS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
(F)
(%)
Boneless
67
98.52
Smoked bangus
56
82.35
Fillet
19
27.94
Longaniza
33
48.53
Dried bangus/daing
37
54.41
Lumpia
36
52.94
Shanghai
19
27.94
Belly
17
25.00
Tocino
19
27.94
Sardines
5
7.35
Smoked soft-boned bangus
8
11.76
Boneless tinapa
14
20.59
Relleno
20
29.41
Burong bangus
11
16.18
Lamayong bangus
7
10.29
Hamonadong bangus
6
8.82
*Multiple response
Market Outlet According to Kind of Bangus
Processed Products
Table 4 shows market outlet of bangus processed products. The major market
outlets of the processors for boneless bangus are supermarkets (97.06%), followed by
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
13
direct consumers (98.52%), and traders (66.18%). Smoked bangus is open sold to direct
consumers (79.41%), followed by supermarkets (73.53%), and traders (35.29%). Fillet,
longaniza, lumpia, shanghai, belly, tocino, and sardines are usually sold to traders.
Smoked soft-boned bangus, boneless tinapa, relleno and hamonadong bangus are open
sold directly to consumes. While dried bangus or daing, burong bangus and lamayong
bangus are open sold to supermarkets. However, all the bangus processed products are
sold to traders, directly to consumers and supplied to supermarkets.
Result implies that all the processors have their own major market outlet for
specific products, although the products could also be sold to other outlets/potential
outlets.
Table 4. Market outlets of processors according to kind of products
MARKET OUTLET
PRODUCTS
TRADERS
DIRECT CONSUMERS
SUPERMARKETS
F
%
F
%
F
%
Boneless
45
66.18
67
98.52
66
97.06
Smoked bangus
24
35.29
54
79.41
50
73.53
Fillet
18
26.47
20
29.41
20
29.41
Longaniza
32
47.05
34
50.00
34
50.00
Dried bangus/daing
14
20.59
36
52.94
35
51.47
Lumpia
34
50.00
37
54.41
37
54.41
Shanghai
20
29.41
21
30.88
20
29.41
Belly
17
25.00
18
26.47
18
26.47
Tocino
18
26.47
21
30.88
19
27.94
Sardines
5
7.35
6
8.82
6
8.82
Smoked soft-
4
5.88
11
16.18
7
10.29
boned bangus
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
14
Table 4. Continued…
MARKET OUTLET
PRODUCTS
TRADERS
DIRECT CONSUMERS
SUPERMARKETS
F
%
F
%
F
%
Boneless tinapa
7
10.29
15
22.06
12
17.65
Relleno
19
27.94
21
30.88
20
29.41
Burong bangus
3
4.41
11
16.18
14
20.59
Lamayong bangus
2
2.94
5
7.35
6
8.82
Hamonadong
3
4.41
6
8.82
5
7.35
bangus
*Multiple response
Kinds of Packaging Material for the Bangus
Processed Products
Table 5 presents the packaging materials used by the processors in marketing their
product. The most common packaging materials used by the processors for all kind of
products are plastic bag, styrofoam, foil, paper plate, newspaper and vacuum. For
boneless bangus, the products is placed in styrofoam or in paper plate then placed in
transparent plastic bag. Smoked bangus is placed in transparent plastic bag or placed in
styrofoam, foil, paper plate or wrapped with newspaper then packed in plastic bag.
Sardines placed in transparent bottles/foil then placed and packed in boxes/cartoon when
delivered or picked-up by buyers.
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
15
Table 5. Kinds of packaging materials for the bangus processed products
PLASTIC
PAPER
BAG
STYROFOAM
FOIL
PLATE
NEWSPAPER VACUUM
PRODUCTS
F
%
F
%
F
%
F
%
F
%
F
%
Boneless
67 98.52
65
95.59 -
-
66 97.05
-
-
-
-
Smoked
62 91.18
43
63.24 1
1.47 53 77.94
52
76.47
-
-
bangus
Fillet
20 29.41
19
27.94 -
-
19 27.94
2
2.94
-
-
Longaniza
31 45.59
33
48.53 -
-
31 45.59
-
-
-
-
Dried
bangus/daing
32 47.05
4
5.88
-
-
9 13.24
16
23.53
-
-
Lumpia
37 54.41
35
51.47 -
-
37 54.41
3
4.41
-
-
Shanghai
17 25.00
18
26.47 -
-
19 27.94
-
-
-
-
Belly
16 23.53
15
22.05 -
-
15 22.05
-
-
1
1.47
Tocino
17 25.00
16
23.53 -
-
14 20.59
-
-
2
2.94
Sardines
4
5.88
4
5.88
-
-
3
4.41
-
-
-
-
Smoked soft-
boned bangus
7 10.29
7
10.29 -
-
7 10.29
3
4.41
-
-
Boneless
11 16.18
11
16.18 1
1.47
9 13.24
8
11.76
-
-
tinapa
Relleno
20 29.41
21
30.82 20 29.41 20 29.41
1
1.47
12 17.65
Burong bangus 11 16.18
6
8.82
-
-
10 14.71
1
1.47
-
-
Lamayong
bangus
8 11.76
4
5.88
-
-
7 10.29
-
-
-
-
Hamonadong
6
8.82
6
8.82
1
1.47
7 10.29
-
-
-
-
bangus
*Multiple response
Production Problems Encountered by Bangus Processors
Table 6 shows the problems encountered by bangus processors. All the
respondents mentioned that high cost of raw materials is the major problem in bangus
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
16
processing. This is followed by the availability of resources (97.05%). Other problems
identified includes: lack of government aid/support (35.29%), low income derived from
bangus processing (13.24%), low supply of bangus (11.76%) and lack of manpower
(4.41%).
Table 6. Production problems encountered by bangus processors
PROBLEMS
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
(F)
(%)
High cost of raw materials
68
100.00
Availability of resources
66
97.05
Low supply of bangus
8
11.76
Lack of government aid/support
24
35.29
Lack of manpower
3
4.41
Low income
9
13.24
*Multiple response
Marketing Problems
There were nine (9) important problems noted as shown in table 7. Major
problems identified by respondents includes high transportation cost (98.53%), price
fluctuation (95.59%), technology gap (97.05%), competition (98.53%), high marketing
cost (97.05%), lack of capital (95.59%). Almost all the respondents have the same
problem encountered and although some are encountering additional problems such as
lack of financial assistance (29.41%), choice of outlets (44.41%), and lack of price
information (11.76%).
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
17
Table 7. Marketing problems encountered by bangus processors
PROBLEMS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
(F)
(%)
High transportation cost
67
98.53
Price fluctuation
65
95.59
Technology gap
66
97.05
Competition
67
98.53
High marketing cost
66
97.05
Lack of capital
65
95.59
Lack of financial assistance
20
29.41
Lack of choice of outlets
3
4.41
Lack of price information
8
11.76
*Multiple response
Suggested Solutions to the Problems
Table 8 shows the suggestions/possible solutions of the respondents to the
problems encountered, Ninety seven point zero five percent of the respondents mentioned
additional market outlets, financial assistance and organization of fish marketing
association/cooperative marketing as solutions to the identified problems, (95.59%)
suggested that banks, neighbor, friend, relatives should provide loans or financial
assistance and (52.94%) mentioned the provision of storage facilities especially by the
government.
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
18
Table 8. Possible solutions suggested by bangus processors to address problems on
bangus processing
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
(%)
Additional market outlets
66
97.05
Financial assistance
66
97.05
Organization of fish marketing association
66
97.05
or cooperative marketing
Loan from banks, neighbor, friends, relatives
65
95.59
Storage facilities
36
52.94
*Multiple response
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
This study was conducted to find out the bangus processors, find out the different
processed products produced from bangus, find out market outlets by processors, find out
production problems encountered by bangus processors, identify the marketing
constraints encountered by the bangus processors, and enumerate possible solutions to the
problems encountered by bangus processors.
A total of sixty eight bangus processors from the six municipalities of
Pangasinan- Lingayen, San Fabian, Calasiao, Binmaley, Mangaldan and Dagupan City.
The respondent were personally interviewed with the aid of a questionnaire.
Respondents include processors with and without business permit. The data collected
were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted using descriptive analysis, frequency counts and
percentage. Majority of them were on their middle age, reached high school level of
education, married, and female. Bangus processing is the major source of livelihood by
the most respondents.
The 10 major bangus processed products produced by the processors are:
boneless, smoked bangus, dried bangus/daing, lumpia, longaniza, fillet, relleno, shanghai,
tocino, and belly. And the other kind of bangus processed product preserved includes:
sardines, smoked soft-boned bangus, boneless tinapa, burong bangus, lamayong bangus
and hamonadong bangus.
The most common packaging materials used by processors for all the products
includes: transparent plastic bag, styrofoam, foil, paper plate, newspaper, vacuum. Other
packaging materials used were bottles, and boxes.
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
20
The major market outlets mentioned by the bangus processors were: traders,
direct consumers and supermarkets. Most of the processors have their own market
outlets for the specific products that they produced/processed.
The respondents has six main problems in production of processed bangus. These
are the high cost of raw materials, availability of resources. Low supply of bangus, lack
of government aid or support, lack of manpower, and low income.
The marketing problems mentioned by processors were: high transportation cost,
price fluctuation, technology gap, high competition, high marketing cost, lack of capital,
lack of financial assistance, choice of outlets, and lack of price information.
The suggested possible solutions recommended by the bangus processors to
address their problems on bangus processing were: additional market outlets, financial
assistance, organization of fish marketing association/cooperative marketing, loan from
banks, neighbor, friends, relatives and storage facilities.
Conclusions
Based on the findings, the following conclusions were made:
1. The processors were on their middle age, most of them are married, and
reached in high school level of education. They had been processing bangus
as their means of livelihood.
2. The ten most popular processed bangus that the processors produced are:
boneless, smoked bangus, dried bangus/daing, lumpia, longaniza, fillet,
relleno, shanghai, tocino, belly. And the other typed of processed bangus
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
21
especially hamonadong bangus were not familiar due to less processors
wanting to produced.
3. The major problems encountered by processors were the following: under
production problems are: high cost of raw materials, availability of resources,
low supply, lack of government aid/support, lack of manpower, low income,
and also under marketing problems are: high transportation cost, price
fluctuation, technology gap, high competition, high marketing cost, lack of
capital, lack of financial assistance, choice of outlets, and last is lack of price
information
Recommendations
Based on the conclusions, the following recommendations were made:
1. The processors should be organized and accredited in order to get support or
technical assistance of the government or NGO’s and be registered in order to
avail loans and assistance by government and other agencies.
2. The government should establish dispersal programs in bangus processing
especially to the common problems.
3. Research institutions working on aquatic resources should develop technology
on bangus processing.
4. Aggressive promotion on the potentials of processed bangus products as a high
community to processed more bangus in a larger scale. Training should be
provided to the processors with emphasis on production, marketing, and
processing.
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
LITERATURE CITED
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS and DEVELOPMENT, 1996. Agricultural Economic and
Development Journal. P. 25
BFAR. 2002. Bureau of fisheries and aquatic resources manual. Pp. 31-33.
HIPOLITO and ROSARIO, 1995. Marketing management analysis, planning and control
manual Philippines. P. 198.
HIPOLITO. S.M. 1995. Fisheries Newsletter BFAR Commemorative issue Pp. 5-6.
OSHIMA, G. 1998. A geographical study on aquaculture in the Philippines. UPLB annual
studies. Vol. 22 Pp. 18-20.
PADIAN. 2002. Fertilization-key to higher fish production. Volume IV:2-3.
ROSARIO, G. 1999. Agricultural marketing in the Philippines. University of the
Philippines. College of Agriculture Pp. 52-54.
SMITH, I.R. 2002. Inputs as related to output in milkfish production in the Philippines.
ICLARM Technical Report, International Center for Living Aquatic Resources
Management. P.13.
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
DE GUZMAN, DELFIN L. APRIL 2007. Profile of Bangus Processing in
Pangasinan. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Jovita M. Sim, MSc
ABSTRACT
The study aimed to determine the demographic profile of the
processors/respondents in six municipalities of Pangasinan; determine the processed
bangus products produced; determine the market outlets of the processors by products;
determine the packaging materials used by processors per products; identify their
production problems encountered; identify their marketing problems encountered; and
the suggested possible solutions to these problems.
Sixty eight (68) of the processors were personally interviewed while others is
thru the floating survey questionnaire form during the conduct.
Most of the processors belonged to the middle age and were high school level.
The total number of processors/respondents collected was 68. Most of them has a
permit/license of business to Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). The total number
of processed products was 16 and the marketing outlet were traders, direct consumers and
supermarkets. Many of the processors chose direct consumers who bought their products
at higher price.
The main problems of the processors were high cost of raw materials, availability
of resources, lack of government support, high transportation cost, price fluctuation,
technology gap, high cost of row materials, lack of financial assistance and competition
were the main problem of the processors. The suggested possible solutions to these
problems were to add additional market outlets, financial assistance/support, formation of
organizations of fish marketing association/cooperatives marketing and storage facilities.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography………………………………………………………………………......
i
Abstract ……………...………………………………………………………………… i
Table of Contents ….…………………………………………………………………. iii
INTRODUCTION
Rationale .…………...………………………………………………………… 1
Statement of the Problem ……………………………………………………… 2
Objectives of the Study ………………………………………………………
3
Importance of the Study ……………………………………………………… 3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Production ……………………………………………………………………
4
Marketing Practices …………………………………………………………… 4
Marketing Outlets ……………………………………………………………. 5
Choice of Outlets ……………………………………………………………… 5
Factors Affecting the Choice of Outlets ……………………………………… 5
METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study ………………………………………………… 6
Respondents of the Study ……………………………………………………… 6
Methods of Data Gathering…………………………………………………… 6
Data Analysis ………………………………………………………………… 6
iii
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Study Area ……………………………………………………………………
7
Profile of Respondents ………………………………………………………… 9
Kinds of Processed Bangus Products ………………………………………… 11
Market Outlets……………………………………………………………….. 12
Kinds of Packaging Materials for the
Bangus Processed Products……………......................................................... 14
Production Problems Encountered by Bangus
Processors……………………………………………………………………. 15
Marketing Problems Encountered by Bangus
Processors………………………………………………………………….. ... 16
Suggested Solutions to the Problems………………………………………… 17
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary ……………………………………………………………………… 19
Conclusions…………………………………………………………………… 20
Recommendations……………………………………………………………. 21
LITERATURE CITED………………………………………………………………. 22
iv
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Pangasinan is known for its bangus production, especially in the city of Dagupan.
Dagupan City is located on the northern part of Pangasinan and is 212 kilometers north of
Manila. It is bounded by Lingayen Gulf in the north, San Fabian in the northeast,
Mangaldan in the east, Calasiao in the south and Binmaley in the west.
Production and marketing practices of processed bangus is one of the upraising
industry in the province of Pangasinan. At present there are five municipalities and one
city of Pangasinan who are engaged in bangus processing industry. The five
municipalities are Lingayen, San Fabian, Mangaldan, Calasiao, and Binmaley. And one
city, Dagupan.
Pangasinan is the major producer and supplier of bangus for fresh market in
northern Luzon and in some part of the Metro Manila. In early 80’s Bureau of Fisheries
and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) promoted the intensive production of bangus. The
intensive support by BFAR on bangus production had resulted on expansion of
production areas up to other areas of Luzon such as La Union and Ilocos. The increase in
production per area led to the increase in supply as alternative market. Thus the
processing technology had been developed and now becoming one of the major
livelihood in Pangasinan area (BFAR, 2002). Dagupan city gave birth to the bangus
festival which started in May 1998. in the festival different processing method and
technology, and recipes are showcased.
Bangus processing is one way of prolonging the storage life of bangus production
and prevention from spoilage caused by microbial chemical composition.
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
2
The bangus processors contribute thousands of pesos annually to the government
in terms of specific taxes, license, and inspection fees. Bangus production and processing
is one of the major upraising livelihood in Pangasinan.
Production and marketing practice of processed bangus has economic potentials
and can become a highly profitable livelihood especially in production areas, where
bangus harvest is abundant. Therefore, it is necessary that the government and private
sectors should work hand in hand to support and develop the production and marketing
system of processed bangus especially for the small scale production processing
enterprises. Market support is necessary to improve marketing system.
Statement of the Problem
This study focused on the survey and analysis on the production and marketing
practices of processed bangus. Specifically, the study aimed to answer the following
questions: 1). who are the bangus processors? 2). what are the processed bangus
products produced by the different processors? 3). what are the market outlets for
processed bangus? 4). what are the production problems encountered by bangus
processors? 5). what are the marketing problems encountered by the bangus processors?
and 6). what are the suggested possible solutions to the problems encountered by bangus
processors?
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
3
Objectives of the Study
The study aimed to 1). find out the bangus processors, 2). find out the different
processed products produced from bangus, 3). find out market practices employed by
bangus processors, 4). find out production problems encountered by bangus processors,
5). identify the marketing constraints encountered by the bangus processors, and 6).
enumerate possible solutions to the problems encountered by bangus processors.
Importance of the Study
From the stand point of processed bangus production, every processors engaged
in this enterprise should consider marketing as one factor in attaining profitable
production. The availability of market and market system is one of the major
factor/consideration in production and processing enterprise. Production is not profitable
if market system is not viable.
The general situation of the production and marketing practices in the processed
bangus was appraised in this study. Hence, the appraisal can promote understanding of
the various production and marketing operations done by the processors, find means of
improving the system and make it more efficient, and also become a useful guide for
processed bangus in improving their production and marketing practices.
The result of this research work will provide a picture on the profile of bangus
industry and marketing operations of bangus processors. Results can be a basis in
planning to improve the production system and marketing. The findings can also serve as
a guide for further research and analysis.
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Production
World processed bangus production plays an increasingly important role in
providing the quality of diet demanded by the expanding population in developed and
developing nations. Bangus processing industry has been able to meet the world demand.
Some of the main attributes of processed bangus include its ideal suitability to
mechanization from harvesting to processing (Smith, 2002).
Padian (2002) reported that high production from a unit of water is the result of
harvesting fish that are properly handled, processed and stored. As stated by Oshima
(1998) the production of processed bangus in the Philippines had been delegated to
qualify private cooperators approved by fish board.
Marketing Practices
The major pre-sale practices involved in processed bangus marketing include
drying, storing, grading, packaging, processing and transporting to market. Most
processors transport processed bangus to market with motor vehicles, trucks, jeeps, and
boats (Hipolito, 1995).
The marketing distribution system of processed bangus involves many gadgets
before reaching the final consumer. The marketing agents are processors, local
assemblers, processed bangus wholesale dealers, and processed bangus retailers. The
bangus processors have very limited choices in marketing their products, because they
usually commit their produce to local assemblers to whom the processors are in debt for
financial sustenance during the production period to the processing time (Rosario, 1999).
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
5
Marketing Outlets
Private wholesalers are the most important outlets and are used by about 40
percent of the processors. The second most important outlets is sales direct to consumers;
sales to agent buyers and to retailers are next to consumers. Sales to agent buyers and to
retailers are of importance. Nearly 60 percent of the processors sell to wholesalers
including agent buyers as outlets of their products. Practically, all the leading bangus
processors sell to wholesale buyers. Nevertheless, a few sell some processed bangus to
retailers and even to costumers in an attempt to obtain higher prices (Hipolito and
Rosario, 1995).
Choice of Outlets
Convenience and good prices are two equal major reason why processors choose
particular buyers/outlets for their processed bangus (Hipolito and Rosario, 1995).
Factors Affecting the Choice of Marketing Outlets
One of the factors affecting the choice of marketing is dependent upon the volume
and size of production. It is the processors who decides whether to increase the size of
production. With the big volume of production, processors employ wholeselling or
contract buying as their marketing outlets (Agricultural Economics and Development,
1996).
METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study
The study was conducted in five municipalities and one city of Pangasinan. The
municipalities are Lingayen, San Fabian, Mangaldan, Calasiao, Binmaley and the City of
Dagupan. These areas are the major producers of fresh and processed bangus.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study were the bangus processors in the identified areas.
There were 60 respondents in which includes licensed and unlicensed bangus processors.
Random sampling was employed in the selection of respondents.
Methods of Data Gathering
Data were gathered through interview with the use of open and closed ended
questionnaire. The list of licensed bangus processors was gathered from the office of
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) used in the selection of respondents.
Data Analysis
The data gathered were tabulated and analyzed using simple descriptive analysis
such as frequency counts and percentage.
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Study Area
Bangus processing is one of the livelihood portfolio of household in different
municipalities of Pangasinan. Table 1 shows the distribution of respondents as to the
study site and classifications as to the availability of business permit. Results show that
municipality of Calasiao had the highest number of processors/respondents in bangus
processing. The municipality of Dagupan had the highest number of registered processors
of bangus (with business permit) as processors of Department of Trade and Industry
(DTI). Dagupan City also has the less number of processors without business permit.
Followed by Calasiao,Lingayen, Binmaley, San Fabian and finally the municipality of
Mangaldan. The map of the study is shown in Figure 1.
Table 1. Distribution of respondents as to study area and availability of business
permit/license
WITH BUSINESS
WITHOUT BUSINESS
TOTAL
AREA
PERMITS
PERMITS
PERCENTAGE
F
%
F
%
(%)
DagupanCity
11
16.2
1
1.5
17.7
Mangaldan
6
8.8
5
7.4
16.2
San Fabian
7
10.3
3
4.4
14.7
Lingayen
9
13.2
2
2.9
16.1
Binmaley
7
10.3
3
4.4
14.7
Calasiao
9
13.2
5
7.4
20.6
TOTAL
49
72
19
28
100
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
8
Figure 1. Area of the study
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
9
Profile of the Respondents
Table 2 shows the profile of respondents as to age, sex, civil status, educational
attainment and source of income.
Age. Fifty six percent of the 68 respondents were 26-35 years of age, 26% with
age ranging from 36-45, 12% with age ranging from 15-25, and 6% age ranging from 46-
55 years old.
Sex. Most (69%) of the respondents were female processors and 31% were
males. Results implies that females have equal or more opportunities on food processing
such bangus processing as livelihood activity.
Civil status. Majority (74%) of the respondents processors are married and 26%
are single. This implies that married persons are more involved in livelihood activities
such as bangus processing than unmarried person.
Educational attainment. Most (47%)of the respondents had reached high school,
31% of the processors reached college and 22% elementary education. Results implies
that those who reached high school and elementary educated are involved in bangus
processing wherein they could their own employing themselves.
Source of income. The major and only source of livelihood of respondent
processors is bangus processing by 72% of the respondents. Twenty eight percent are into
bangus processing as additional source of income and for family consumption.
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
10
Table 2. Profile of the respondents
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
(F)
(%)
Age
15-25
8
12
26-35
38
56
36-45
18
26
46-55
4
6
TOTAL
68
100
Sex
Male
21
31
Female
47
69
TOTAL
68
100
Civil Status
Married
50
74
Single
18
26
TOTAL
68
100
Educational Attainment
Elementary
15
22
High school
32
47
College
21
31
TOTAL
68
100
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
11
Table 2. Continued…
PARTICULARS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
(F)
(%)
Source of Income
Business
49
72
Employed
19
28
TOTAL
68
100
*Multiple response
Kinds of Bangus Products
Table 3 shows the kind of bangus products processed by the respondents.
Boneless bangus product is the most common products processed by almost all of
respondents (67 out of 68 respondents). Followed by smoked bangus (56 respondents),
dried bangus (37 respondents), lumpia (36 respondents), longaniza (33 respondents),
relleno (20 respondents), fillet, shanghai, tocino (19 respondents), belly (17
respondents), boneless tinapa (14 respondents), burong bangus (11 respondents), smoked
soft-boned bangus (8 respondents), lamayong bangus (7 respondents), hamonadong
bangus (6 respondents) and there were only 5 respondents processing bangus into
sardines.
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
12
Table 3. Kinds of bangus processed products produced by respondents
PRODUCTS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
(F)
(%)
Boneless
67
98.52
Smoked bangus
56
82.35
Fillet
19
27.94
Longaniza
33
48.53
Dried bangus/daing
37
54.41
Lumpia
36
52.94
Shanghai
19
27.94
Belly
17
25.00
Tocino
19
27.94
Sardines
5
7.35
Smoked soft-boned bangus
8
11.76
Boneless tinapa
14
20.59
Relleno
20
29.41
Burong bangus
11
16.18
Lamayong bangus
7
10.29
Hamonadong bangus
6
8.82
*Multiple response
Market Outlet According to Kind of Bangus
Processed Products
Table 4 shows market outlet of bangus processed products. The major market
outlets of the processors for boneless bangus are supermarkets (97.06%), followed by
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
13
direct consumers (98.52%), and traders (66.18%). Smoked bangus is open sold to direct
consumers (79.41%), followed by supermarkets (73.53%), and traders (35.29%). Fillet,
longaniza, lumpia, shanghai, belly, tocino, and sardines are usually sold to traders.
Smoked soft-boned bangus, boneless tinapa, relleno and hamonadong bangus are open
sold directly to consumes. While dried bangus or daing, burong bangus and lamayong
bangus are open sold to supermarkets. However, all the bangus processed products are
sold to traders, directly to consumers and supplied to supermarkets.
Result implies that all the processors have their own major market outlet for
specific products, although the products could also be sold to other outlets/potential
outlets.
Table 4. Market outlets of processors according to kind of products
MARKET OUTLET
PRODUCTS
TRADERS
DIRECT CONSUMERS
SUPERMARKETS
F
%
F
%
F
%
Boneless
45
66.18
67
98.52
66
97.06
Smoked bangus
24
35.29
54
79.41
50
73.53
Fillet
18
26.47
20
29.41
20
29.41
Longaniza
32
47.05
34
50.00
34
50.00
Dried bangus/daing
14
20.59
36
52.94
35
51.47
Lumpia
34
50.00
37
54.41
37
54.41
Shanghai
20
29.41
21
30.88
20
29.41
Belly
17
25.00
18
26.47
18
26.47
Tocino
18
26.47
21
30.88
19
27.94
Sardines
5
7.35
6
8.82
6
8.82
Smoked soft-
4
5.88
11
16.18
7
10.29
boned bangus
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
14
Table 4. Continued…
MARKET OUTLET
PRODUCTS
TRADERS
DIRECT CONSUMERS
SUPERMARKETS
F
%
F
%
F
%
Boneless tinapa
7
10.29
15
22.06
12
17.65
Relleno
19
27.94
21
30.88
20
29.41
Burong bangus
3
4.41
11
16.18
14
20.59
Lamayong bangus
2
2.94
5
7.35
6
8.82
Hamonadong
3
4.41
6
8.82
5
7.35
bangus
*Multiple response
Kinds of Packaging Material for the Bangus
Processed Products
Table 5 presents the packaging materials used by the processors in marketing their
product. The most common packaging materials used by the processors for all kind of
products are plastic bag, styrofoam, foil, paper plate, newspaper and vacuum. For
boneless bangus, the products is placed in styrofoam or in paper plate then placed in
transparent plastic bag. Smoked bangus is placed in transparent plastic bag or placed in
styrofoam, foil, paper plate or wrapped with newspaper then packed in plastic bag.
Sardines placed in transparent bottles/foil then placed and packed in boxes/cartoon when
delivered or picked-up by buyers.
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
15
Table 5. Kinds of packaging materials for the bangus processed products
PLASTIC
PAPER
BAG
STYROFOAM
FOIL
PLATE
NEWSPAPER VACUUM
PRODUCTS
F
%
F
%
F
%
F
%
F
%
F
%
Boneless
67 98.52
65
95.59 -
-
66 97.05
-
-
-
-
Smoked
62 91.18
43
63.24 1
1.47 53 77.94
52
76.47
-
-
bangus
Fillet
20 29.41
19
27.94 -
-
19 27.94
2
2.94
-
-
Longaniza
31 45.59
33
48.53 -
-
31 45.59
-
-
-
-
Dried
bangus/daing
32 47.05
4
5.88
-
-
9 13.24
16
23.53
-
-
Lumpia
37 54.41
35
51.47 -
-
37 54.41
3
4.41
-
-
Shanghai
17 25.00
18
26.47 -
-
19 27.94
-
-
-
-
Belly
16 23.53
15
22.05 -
-
15 22.05
-
-
1
1.47
Tocino
17 25.00
16
23.53 -
-
14 20.59
-
-
2
2.94
Sardines
4
5.88
4
5.88
-
-
3
4.41
-
-
-
-
Smoked soft-
boned bangus
7 10.29
7
10.29 -
-
7 10.29
3
4.41
-
-
Boneless
11 16.18
11
16.18 1
1.47
9 13.24
8
11.76
-
-
tinapa
Relleno
20 29.41
21
30.82 20 29.41 20 29.41
1
1.47
12 17.65
Burong bangus 11 16.18
6
8.82
-
-
10 14.71
1
1.47
-
-
Lamayong
bangus
8 11.76
4
5.88
-
-
7 10.29
-
-
-
-
Hamonadong
6
8.82
6
8.82
1
1.47
7 10.29
-
-
-
-
bangus
*Multiple response
Production Problems Encountered by Bangus Processors
Table 6 shows the problems encountered by bangus processors. All the
respondents mentioned that high cost of raw materials is the major problem in bangus
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
16
processing. This is followed by the availability of resources (97.05%). Other problems
identified includes: lack of government aid/support (35.29%), low income derived from
bangus processing (13.24%), low supply of bangus (11.76%) and lack of manpower
(4.41%).
Table 6. Production problems encountered by bangus processors
PROBLEMS
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
(F)
(%)
High cost of raw materials
68
100.00
Availability of resources
66
97.05
Low supply of bangus
8
11.76
Lack of government aid/support
24
35.29
Lack of manpower
3
4.41
Low income
9
13.24
*Multiple response
Marketing Problems
There were nine (9) important problems noted as shown in table 7. Major
problems identified by respondents includes high transportation cost (98.53%), price
fluctuation (95.59%), technology gap (97.05%), competition (98.53%), high marketing
cost (97.05%), lack of capital (95.59%). Almost all the respondents have the same
problem encountered and although some are encountering additional problems such as
lack of financial assistance (29.41%), choice of outlets (44.41%), and lack of price
information (11.76%).
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
17
Table 7. Marketing problems encountered by bangus processors
PROBLEMS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
(F)
(%)
High transportation cost
67
98.53
Price fluctuation
65
95.59
Technology gap
66
97.05
Competition
67
98.53
High marketing cost
66
97.05
Lack of capital
65
95.59
Lack of financial assistance
20
29.41
Lack of choice of outlets
3
4.41
Lack of price information
8
11.76
*Multiple response
Suggested Solutions to the Problems
Table 8 shows the suggestions/possible solutions of the respondents to the
problems encountered, Ninety seven point zero five percent of the respondents mentioned
additional market outlets, financial assistance and organization of fish marketing
association/cooperative marketing as solutions to the identified problems, (95.59%)
suggested that banks, neighbor, friend, relatives should provide loans or financial
assistance and (52.94%) mentioned the provision of storage facilities especially by the
government.
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
18
Table 8. Possible solutions suggested by bangus processors to address problems on
bangus processing
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
(%)
Additional market outlets
66
97.05
Financial assistance
66
97.05
Organization of fish marketing association
66
97.05
or cooperative marketing
Loan from banks, neighbor, friends, relatives
65
95.59
Storage facilities
36
52.94
*Multiple response
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
This study was conducted to find out the bangus processors, find out the different
processed products produced from bangus, find out market outlets by processors, find out
production problems encountered by bangus processors, identify the marketing
constraints encountered by the bangus processors, and enumerate possible solutions to the
problems encountered by bangus processors.
A total of sixty eight bangus processors from the six municipalities of
Pangasinan- Lingayen, San Fabian, Calasiao, Binmaley, Mangaldan and Dagupan City.
The respondent were personally interviewed with the aid of a questionnaire.
Respondents include processors with and without business permit. The data collected
were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted using descriptive analysis, frequency counts and
percentage. Majority of them were on their middle age, reached high school level of
education, married, and female. Bangus processing is the major source of livelihood by
the most respondents.
The 10 major bangus processed products produced by the processors are:
boneless, smoked bangus, dried bangus/daing, lumpia, longaniza, fillet, relleno, shanghai,
tocino, and belly. And the other kind of bangus processed product preserved includes:
sardines, smoked soft-boned bangus, boneless tinapa, burong bangus, lamayong bangus
and hamonadong bangus.
The most common packaging materials used by processors for all the products
includes: transparent plastic bag, styrofoam, foil, paper plate, newspaper, vacuum. Other
packaging materials used were bottles, and boxes.
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
20
The major market outlets mentioned by the bangus processors were: traders,
direct consumers and supermarkets. Most of the processors have their own market
outlets for the specific products that they produced/processed.
The respondents has six main problems in production of processed bangus. These
are the high cost of raw materials, availability of resources. Low supply of bangus, lack
of government aid or support, lack of manpower, and low income.
The marketing problems mentioned by processors were: high transportation cost,
price fluctuation, technology gap, high competition, high marketing cost, lack of capital,
lack of financial assistance, choice of outlets, and lack of price information.
The suggested possible solutions recommended by the bangus processors to
address their problems on bangus processing were: additional market outlets, financial
assistance, organization of fish marketing association/cooperative marketing, loan from
banks, neighbor, friends, relatives and storage facilities.
Conclusions
Based on the findings, the following conclusions were made:
1. The processors were on their middle age, most of them are married, and
reached in high school level of education. They had been processing bangus
as their means of livelihood.
2. The ten most popular processed bangus that the processors produced are:
boneless, smoked bangus, dried bangus/daing, lumpia, longaniza, fillet,
relleno, shanghai, tocino, belly. And the other typed of processed bangus
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
21
especially hamonadong bangus were not familiar due to less processors
wanting to produced.
3. The major problems encountered by processors were the following: under
production problems are: high cost of raw materials, availability of resources,
low supply, lack of government aid/support, lack of manpower, low income,
and also under marketing problems are: high transportation cost, price
fluctuation, technology gap, high competition, high marketing cost, lack of
capital, lack of financial assistance, choice of outlets, and last is lack of price
information
Recommendations
Based on the conclusions, the following recommendations were made:
1. The processors should be organized and accredited in order to get support or
technical assistance of the government or NGO’s and be registered in order to
avail loans and assistance by government and other agencies.
2. The government should establish dispersal programs in bangus processing
especially to the common problems.
3. Research institutions working on aquatic resources should develop technology
on bangus processing.
4. Aggressive promotion on the potentials of processed bangus products as a high
community to processed more bangus in a larger scale. Training should be
provided to the processors with emphasis on production, marketing, and
processing.
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
LITERATURE CITED
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS and DEVELOPMENT, 1996. Agricultural Economic and
Development Journal. P. 25
BFAR. 2002. Bureau of fisheries and aquatic resources manual. Pp. 31-33.
HIPOLITO and ROSARIO, 1995. Marketing management analysis, planning and control
manual Philippines. P. 198.
HIPOLITO. S.M. 1995. Fisheries Newsletter BFAR Commemorative issue Pp. 5-6.
OSHIMA, G. 1998. A geographical study on aquaculture in the Philippines. UPLB annual
studies. Vol. 22 Pp. 18-20.
PADIAN. 2002. Fertilization-key to higher fish production. Volume IV:2-3.
ROSARIO, G. 1999. Agricultural marketing in the Philippines. University of the
Philippines. College of Agriculture Pp. 52-54.
SMITH, I.R. 2002. Inputs as related to output in milkfish production in the Philippines.
ICLARM Technical Report, International Center for Living Aquatic Resources
Management. P.13.
Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
/ Delfin L. De Guzman. 2007
Document Outline
- Profile of Bangus Processing in Pangasinan
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- Rationale
- Statement of the Problem
- Objectives of the Study
- Importance of the Study
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- Production
- Marketing Practices
- Marketing Outlets
- Choice of Outlets
- Factors Affecting the Choice of Marketing Outlets
- METHODOLOGY
- Locale and Time of the Study
- Respondents of the Study
- Methods of Data Gathering
- Data Analysis
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- Study Area
- Profile of the Respondents
- Kinds of Bangus Products
- Market Outlet According to Kind of Bangus Processed Products
- Kinds of Packaging Material for the BangusProcessed Products
- Production Problems Encountered by Bangus Processors
- Marketing Problems
- Suggested Solutions to the Problems
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- Summary
- Conclusions
- Recommendations
- LITERATURE CITED