BIBLIOGRAPHY BAGSIO, ESTHER T. ...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BAGSIO, ESTHER T. APRIL 2011. Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the
Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La Trinidad, Benguet.
Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Jovita M. Sim, MSc.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to determine; the acceptability of consumers on the
different variants of polvoron as to taste, sweetness, price and moisture content; find out
the most accepted variants of polvoron; determine the factors affecting acceptability of
consumers; and identify the consumers of polvoron.
A total of 200 schoolchildren and high students served as sensory taste panels of
the study. An evaluation sheet was distributed to the panelist to evaluate the different
variants of polvoron. The data were tabulated analyzed and presented using
descriptive/frequency analysis.
The different variants of polvoron was evaluated as to the taste, sweetness,
moisture content and overall general acceptability of the product. The mean rating on the
acceptability shows that all the variants were rated between four and five which means
that the product is liked to extremely liked. Based on the results of the sensory evaluation
rating, majority of the taste panels like all the variants of polvoron tasted. The most
preferred variant was the choco coated polvoron, followed by pinipig polvoron, choco
chips and the least preferred was the peanut polvoron. The major factor that affects the
acceptability of consumers on the different variants are the price, and taste. The
affordability of the product depend on the allowance of the schoolchildren and students.
Suggestions on the improvement of the product include improvement on the texture of
polvoron-make in fine, add more choco chips and increase the size.
The study was limited on the sensory evaluation, thus, it is therefore
recommended that mass production should be done and market acceptability research
should be conducted to determine the market acceptability of the different variants of
polvoron.
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Products are usually results of an idea. A product idea that survives the screening
and idea evaluation steps must be analyzed further and involves some research and
development to design the product. Part of the research and development process is
testing the product in the market to determine its acceptability. This process may have
several cycle building product model or in food processing is the production in limited
quantities and testing it, revising or improving the product based on the result of the test
or determine the market segment of the product and position that product on the
identified market segments.
Product development includes product innovations which are done on existing
products. Typical reason for product innovation is responding to customers need,
increasing market share, establishing a new market, reducing cost and increasing
revenues or improving the quality of product.
Today in the Philippines, there are many home based small businesses that are
making polvoron and selling in the making. These products are even found in
supermarket in different innovated forms such as flavored polvoron such as polvoron
with nuts, and polvoron with pinipig. As observed nowadays, younger generation are fun
of chocolate and choco-based products, thus one of the class project in enterprise
development produced different variants of polvoron where one of the product developed
include choco-chips and choco-coated polvoron. This research activity therefore, will
look into the potential and acceptability of choco-based polvoron products through
market acceptability test.
Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La
Trinidad, Benguet/ ESTHER T. BAGSIO 2011.
Statement of the Problem
The research activity aimed to answer the following questions;
1. What is the acceptability of consumers on the different variants of polvoron as
to the following parameters?
a. taste
b. sweetness
c. price
d. mois ture content, and
e. general acceptability
2. What are the most accepted variants of polvoron ?
3. What are the factors affecting acceptability of consumers?
4. Who are the consumers?
Objectives of the Study
The research aimed to:
1. Determine the acceptability of consumers on the different variants of polvoron
as to the following:
a. Taste
b. Sweetness
c. Price
d. Moisture content, and
e. General acceptability
2. Find out the most accepted variant of polvoron.
3. Determine the factors affecting acceptability of consumers.
Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La
Trinidad, Benguet/ ESTHER T. BAGSIO 2011.
4. Identify the consumers of polvoron.
Importance of the Study
Market and market acceptability are the major factors to consider in the decision
of an enterprise. A product is developed because there is market. Products are developed
and produced for the purpose of commercialization a product/commodity will not be
considered marketable not unless it is market tested and analyzed. Through this process,
market, and market acceptability is determined. Thus, the result of this study will provide
basic information to decision- making of entrepreneurs especially those engaged in the
production of polvoron and other similar products and to improve the product as
suggested by the panel of tester.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study focused on the consumer acceptability on the different variants of
polvoron such as polvoron with nuts, polvoron with pop-rice, polvoron with choco-chips
and chocolate coated polvoron. The study was conducted in the different schools in La
Trinidad, Benguet which are target market outlets.
Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La
Trinidad, Benguet/ ESTHER T. BAGSIO 2011.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Product Development and Innovation
New products and services are vital to the economic survival of business
organization. The continued introduction of new products or services assures the
maintenance of the sales volume over a period of time as old products age through the
product life cycle. The product life cycle relates the volume of sales of a product to the
time that has elapsed since its introduction into the market place (Menipaz, 1984). Porter
(1992) says “competitive strategy is about being different”. Most successful innovations
are simple and focused. They are directed toward a specific clear and carefully designed
application (Kuratko, 2007).
The Marketing Concept
To be a successful entrepreneur, one must develop effective marketing plans. But
first they must have a full understanding of the marketing concept. The marketing
concept is the belief that consumer wants and needs are the driving force behind any
product development or marketing effort. Decisions were made primarily on investment
reasoning. With little competition in the market place it worked. Consumers were forced
to purchase what are available not necessarily what they desired. Consumers are more
educated and competition has increased, particularly in regards to globalization.
Consumers now expect to have their needs satisfied and can choose from a much broader
array of goods than was before (Moorman and Halloran, 2006).
Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La
Trinidad, Benguet/ ESTHER T. BAGSIO 2011.
The Importance of Market
Business promotion and brand marketing is the backbone of a progressing
concern. Therefore, the critical issue in promoting business is to develop marketing
teams, and organize resources with consideration and appropriation of cultural
differences and consumer diversions (Hayes, 2007).
Market Potential and Market Sizing Analysis
Market analysis services from mapping analytics help you know the economic
opportunity available to you in any geographic market. Whether you sell to consumers,
to businesses or both, market sizing provides intelligence you need to deploy sales and
marketing resources effectively (Hayes, 2007).
Product Testing in Halls
Products are usually tested in Halls, but not all products are appropriate for testing
in halls. Personal hygiene products, soaps and shampoos, for example are better tested in
the home environment. Products that have to be tested over a period of time or in a
complex way must similarly be tested at home. Food products are usually tested in halls
(Dunning, 2000).
Furthermore, Dunning (2000) stated that every product must be presented in as
realistic environment as possible and this is not always easy. Researching certain food
and drinks is not without its difficulties. In the hall, the respondents are asked to view,
touch, and smell or taste the products. This is always in controlled fashion and the brands
that are under test are often presented “blind” being identified by number or letters rather
than their names.
Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La
Trinidad, Benguet/ ESTHER T. BAGSIO 2011.
In addition, since the objective of a product is often to measure the attitudes to
taste, it is usual to proffer only a small sample of the product. Occasionally, products are
tested on their own (a monadic test) or more commonly two or three products are rated
against each other (multiple test). Most hall tests aim to measure the acceptability of the
products on a number of different attributes including taste, smell, touch and appearance.
Each of these attributes can be further subdivided to take account of views on degrees of
sweetness, texture (Dunning, 2000).
Sensory Evaluation
Sensory evaluation has traditionally been more provinces of research and
development, close to technical research and manufacturing, than part of marketing and
market research. Market research has principally been involved with researching the
consumers and consumer’s response to the market of the product, and the aspects of
marketing and promoting it (Martin, 2000).
Furthermore, Martin reported that a competitive product is frequently used as
benchmark, and the number of product variations assessed is usually small in number.
Sensory evaluation is used more in the technical development of a product, in quality
control, and in exploring and developing raw materials and manufacturing process.
The Polvoron
A polvoron is a type of andalusian shortbread of Levantine origin popular in
Spain and Latin America and other ex-Spanish colonies such as the Philippines during
Christmas. Polvoron is made of flour, sugar, milk and butter (Anonymous, N.D.). These
are normally produced from September to January but are now available all year round.
Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La
Trinidad, Benguet/ ESTHER T. BAGSIO 2011.
The flour is toasted, all the ingredients are mixed and shaped into round or oval
shaped molds. It is believed that making polvoron started during the American
occupation to use up the huge amount of powdered milk brought in by the Americans.
Polvoron over the years has become one of the most loved sweet Filipino delicacies (Del
Rosario, 2007).
Uses and Benefits of Chocolate
Chocolate reputation for making people feel good is based not only on its caffeine
content, but on its naturally occurring mood altering chemical phenylethylalaine and
anandamide.
Chocolate is made from plants, which contain many of the health benefits of dark
vegetables. These benefits are from flavonoid, which act as antioxidants. Antioxidants
protect the body from aging caused by free radicals, which can cause damage that leads
to heart disease. Chocolate contains a large number of anti-oxidants (nearly 8 times the
number found in strawberries). Flavonoid also helps relax blood pressure through the
production of nitric oxide, and balance certain hormones in the body (Stibich, 2009).
Chocolates also hold benefits apart from protecting your heart; it tastes good, it
stimulates endorphin production which gives a feeling of pleasure, it contains serotonin,
which acts as an anti-depressant and it contains theobromine, caffeine and other
substances which are stimulants.
Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La
Trinidad, Benguet/ ESTHER T. BAGSIO 2011.
METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study
The research was conducted in the selected different schools of La Trinidad,
Benguet particularly the elementary and high school departments of Benguet State
University and the Saint Therese School, where the different variants of polvoron were
supplied or sold. Consumer acceptability test was conducted from November to
December 2010.
Respondents of the Study
Taste panels of the product served as respondents of the study (Table 1). The
respondents were high school students and pupils of the said schools. There were 200
respondents/evaluators.
Respondents or taste panels were from the 2 elementary school (1 private and 1
public school) and 1 secondary public school.
Table 1. Number of taste panels from the participating schools
SCHOOL
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Saint Therese School –Elementary
73
36.50
Benguet State University – Elementary
74
37.00
Benguet State University – Secondary
53
25.50
TOTAL
200
100.00
Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La
Trinidad, Benguet/ ESTHER T. BAGSIO 2011.
Research Instrument
Two tools was employed in the study to determine the consumer acceptability of
the different variants of polvoron; the product testing through taste test and sensory
evaluation and market testing where the product were supplied to target market outlet and
gather data on sales turnover. The taste panel evaluated the different products using a
score sheet and rating scale from 1 to 5 where one means dislike extremely and 5 like
extremely. The respondents were also required to answer some questions written in the
score sheet or were interviewed to validate evaluation. Data were supplemented with a
simple market survey of the competing products available in the market.
Data Gathered
The data gathered included the evaluation of the respondents to the taste,
sweetness, moisture content, price and general acceptability, and choices of respondents
and the reason for choices.
Data Analysis
The data gathered were tabulated, analyzed and presented using frequency
analysis and other appropriate statistical tools.
Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La
Trinidad, Benguet/ ESTHER T. BAGSIO 2011.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Profile of the Product Evaluators/Taste Panelist
Table 2 shows the ages of the taste panels. All respondents/taste panelists were
the pupils and secondary students. These were the panelist because these were also the
target market for the polvoron products. Majority (78%) of the taste panels were 10-13
years old and these are all in the elementary level and 22% were aged 14-17 years old,
and were in secondary school.
Level of Acceptability of Taste Panelist on
the Different Variants of Polvoron
Level of acceptability by taste panelist on choco-coated polvoron. The taste
panelist evaluated the products as to taste, sweetness, moisture content and general
acceptability (Table 3). Some of the taste panelist did not rate the product as to taste, two
did not rate the sweetness, one did not rate the product as to moisture content and 5
respondents did not rate the general acceptability. Majority of the taste panelist rated the
polvoron as like to extremely like as to the sweetness, taste, moisture content and
majority like to extremely like the product. There was one taste panel who did not like
the moisture content of polvoron. On the average rating, choco coated was rated
Table 2. Age of taste panels
AGE
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
10 – 13 years old
156
78
14 – 17 years old
44
22
TOTAL
200
100
Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La
Trinidad, Benguet/ ESTHER T. BAGSIO 2011.
Table 3. Mean rating on the sensory evaluation of taste panels on choco-coated polvoron
MEAN RATING
4.2-
3.4-
2.6-
1.8-
1.0-
CRITERIA
AVERAGE DESCRIPTION
5.0
4.1
3.3
2.5
1.7
F
F
F
F
F
Taste
97
71
16
5
-
4.40
Extremely like
Sweetness
96
6
24
72
-
4.30
Extremely like
Moisture content 70
82
35
12
1
4.06
Extremely like
General
89
79
24
3
-
4.30
Extremely like
acceptability
Legend: 4.2 – 5.0 Extremely like
3.4 – 4.1 Like
2.6 – 3.3 Neutral (neither like or dislike)
1.8 – 2.5 Dislike
1.0 – 1.7 Dislike extremely
with 4.06 to 4.30 which means the product is extremely like as to taste, sweetness,
moisture content and general acceptability. This implies that the majority of the taste
panels like choco coated polvoron.
Level of acceptability of taste panels on choco chips flavored polvoron. Table 4
presents the level of acceptability of taste panels on choco chips flavored polvoron. The
same as in the choco coated polvoron not all the taste panelist evaluated the product
rigorously. Some respondents escaped some of the taste criteria. Majority of the taste
panels gave rated the product with 3 (neutral) and 4 (like) as to the taste, sweetness and
moisture content. From the 4 criteria, the average rating ranged from 3.78 to 4.04 which
means like. The result implies that the choco chips flavored polvoron is acceptable by the
taste panels.
Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La
Trinidad, Benguet/ ESTHER T. BAGSIO 2011.
Table 4. Mean rating evaluation by taste panels on choco chips polvoron
MEAN RATING
CRITERIA
4.2-
3.4-
2.6-
1.8-
1.0- AVERAGE DESCRIPTION
5.0
4.1
3.3
2.5
1.7
F
F
F
F
F
Taste
49
73
53
10
4
3.89
Like
Sweetness
49
74
44
13
4
3.89
Like
Moisture content 46
71
61
13
1
3.78
Like
General
61
79
43
5
4
4.04
Like
acceptability
Legend: 4.2 – 5.0 Extremely like
3.4 – 4.1 Like
2.6 – 3.3 Neutral (neither like or dislike)
1.8 – 2.5 Dislike
1.0 – 1.7 Dislike extremely
Level of acceptability of taste panels on pinipig flavored polvoron. Pinipig is one
of the most common flavor of polvoron that is commercially available. Majority of the
respondents rated pinipig polvoron with 4 and 5 which means like to extremely like. The
mean rating of the taste panels on taste, sweetness and moisture content ranged from 3.88
to 4.16 which means like. However, there few taste panels who do not like the taste (1
taste panels), sweetness (2 taste panels) and moisture content (5 taste panels) and two of
the taste panels did not like the product. On the general acceptability, the taste panels
mean rating of the pinipig polvoron was 4.20 which mean the product is extremely like.
The result implies that pinipig flavored polvoron is also acceptable to the taste panels
(Table 5).
Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La
Trinidad, Benguet/ ESTHER T. BAGSIO 2011.
Level of acceptability of taste panels on peanut flavored polvoron. Taste panels
mean rating on the peanut polvoron ranged from 3.71 to 4.07 which means the product is
liked as to the sweetness, taste, moisture content and general acceptability (Table 6).
Result implies that peanut flavored polvoron is accepted by the pupils and
students (taste panels).
Table 5. Mean rating evaluation by taste panels on pinipig polvoron
MEAN RATING
4.2-
3.4-
2.6-
1.8-
1.0-
CRITERIA
AVERAGE DESCRIPTION
5.0
4.1
3.3
2.5
1.7
F
F
F
F
F
Taste
83
76
28
9
1
4.16
Like
Sweetness
80
60
45
6
2
4.08
Like
Moisture content
58
81
41
12
5
3.88
Like
General
77
88
23
4
2
4.20
Extremely like
acceptability
Legend: 4.2 – 5.0 Extremely like
3.4 – 4.1 Like
2.6 – 3.3 Neutral (neither like or dislike)
1.8 – 2.5 Dislike
1.0 – 1.7 Dislike extremely
Table 6. Mean rating evaluation by taste panels on peanut polvoron
MEAN RATING
4.2-
3.4-
2.6-
1.8-
1.0-
CRITERIA
AVERAGE DESCRIPTION
5.0
4.1
3.3
2.5
1.7
F
F
F
F
F
Taste
52
65
52
18
7
3.71
Like
Sweetness
50
67
55
15
7
3.71
Like
Moisture content
47
80
45
12
5
3.80
Like
General
70
67
39
11
25
4.07
Like
acceptability
Legend: 4.2 – 5.0 Extremely like 1.8 – 2.5 Dislike
3.4 – 4.1 Like
1.0 – 1.7 Dislike extremely
2.6 – 3.3 Neutral (neither like or dislike)
Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La
Trinidad, Benguet/ ESTHER T. BAGSIO 2011.
Acceptability of the Different Variants
of Flavored Polvoron
All the variants of flavored polvoron were liked to extremely liked by majority of
the respondents. Among the variants the most preferred was the choco-coated polvorn,
followed by pinipig polvoron, followed by the choco-chips polvoron and the last was the
peanut polvoron (Table 7). This shows that schoolchildren and students like chocolates.
However, a total of 124 taste panels who were neutral (neither like or dislike) in rating
the acceptability of the different variants of polvoron. Few of the respondents rated the
polvoron with 2 (dislike) and 1 (dislike extremely). The taste panels maybe were not fun
of eating sweets like polvoron.
Result implies that all the variants of flavored were accepted or liked by the taste
panels but the most preferred is the choco-coated and the pinipig polvoron.
Table 7. Acceptability of the different variants of flavored polvoron
MEAN RATING
4.2-
3.4-
2.6-
1.8-
1.0-
CRITERIA
AVERAGE
RANK
5.0
4.1
3.3
2.5
1.7
F
F
F
F
F
Choco coated
89
79
24
3
-
4.30
1
Choco chips
61
79
43
5
4
3.98
3
Pinipig
77
88
23
4
2
4.17
2
Peanut
70
67
34
11
25
3.79
4
Legend: 4.2 – 5.0 Extremely like
3.4 – 4.1 Like
2.6 – 3.3 Neutral (neither like or dislike)
1.8 – 2.5 Dislike
1.0 – 1.7 Dislike extremely
Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La
Trinidad, Benguet/ ESTHER T. BAGSIO 2011.
Price Acceptability of the Different
Variants of Polvoron
Table 8 presents the price acceptability of the panels on the different variants of
flavored polvoron. Majority of the taste panels (82% of choco chips; 77.50% for pinipig
polvoron; 71.50% for peanut polvoron and 58.50% for choco-coated polvoron) stated that
the following prices P4.00 per piece for choco chips, P2.00 per piece for pinipig
polvoron, P 2.00per piece for peanut polvoron and P 2.00 per piece for choco coated
polvoron) were affordable. On the other hand, there were also taste panels who stated
that the price is not affordable to them as pupils and students. Thirty seven percent of the
taste panels mentioned that choco coated polvoron is not affordable, 19% mentioned that
the peanut polvoron is not affordable, 14.50% mentioned that the choco chips polvoron is
not affordable and 14% mentioned that the price of pinipig polvoron is not affordable.
Affordability on the part of students would depend on daily allowance for school. For
those with higher school allowance can afford to buy more expensive food but for those
with lower allowance would prefer to purchase food with lower cost.
The result implies that the retail price of the flavored polvoron is acceptable to
target markets (pupils and students).
Table 8. Price acceptability of taste panel on the different variants of polvoron
AFFORDABLE
NOT AFFORDABLE
POLVORON
VARIANTS
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Choco coated
117
58.50
74
37
Choco chips
164
82
29
14.5
Pinipig polvoron
155
77.5
28
14
Peanut polvoron
143
71.5
38
19
Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La
Trinidad, Benguet/ ESTHER T. BAGSIO 2011.
Factors that Affects the Acceptability of
Consumers on the Variants of
Flavored Polvoron
Majority of the respondents mentioned that the major factors that affect their
choices or acceptability of the product were the taste followed by the price and the
nutritional content of the product (Table 9). Chocolate tastes good and gives a feeling of
pleasure. Chocolate when taken in moderate quantity is good for the health especially for
the heart. According to Stibich (2009) chocolate contains a large number of anti-oxidants
(nearly 8 times the number found in strawberries). The flavanoid present in the
strawberries acts as the anti-oxidants. Anti-oxidants protect the body from aging caused
by free radicals which can cause damage that leads to heart disease. Stibich further
reported that flavanoid also helps relax blood pressure. Anything that taste good or
delicious is acceptable to consumers.
Price is another factor that affects the acceptability of the product, capacity of the
student or schoolchildren to buy the product given the price and given their allowance.
Students and schoolchildren with a higher allowance can afford to buy the choco coated
polvoron at P4.00 per piece. Majority of these students were in the private schools. This
result implies that the pupils or even the students does not know or were not aware on the
Table 9. Factors that affect the acceptability of consumers on the variants of polvoron
FACTORS
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Taste
195
97
Price
189
94
Nutrient Content
24
12
Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La
Trinidad, Benguet/ ESTHER T. BAGSIO 2011.
value of the product they were purchasing. As long as the taste is good and they have the
money to buy then they buy.
The nutritional value was mentioned by a few of the respondents, maybe because
very few knows that polvoron is nutritious because it is made of milk, flour and butter
added with flavors like peanut would provide protein. The major factors that most
consumer know is that when the product is made of milk contain some milk then they
assumed it is nutritious.
Suggested Price by the Taste Panels
The taste panels/respondents quoted a higher price for the choco coated and choco
chips polvoron (Table 10). Most (45 or 22.5%) of the taste panels suggested the price of
choco coated polvoron at P3.00 – 3.50 per piece. This price suggested by the taste panel
is lower than the retail price of the polvoron at P4.00 per piece. This implies that most of
the taste panel cannot afford the P4.00 price of the choco coated polvoron. Nevertheless,
there were 22 or 11% who suggested P 5.00 – 5.50 and 16 or 8% who suggested P 4.00 –
4.50 per piece which is equal or higher than existing price of the product. There were 23
(11.50%) who suggested P2.00 – 2.50 per piece which is equal and higher than the
existing price of the product, but the 18 (9.00%) of taste panels who suggested that the
price of choco-coated is P1.00 to 1.50, which is not feasible because with that price the
cost of production will not be recovered. Price pegged at P2.50 and above is better
because higher profit could be obtained from that price. The current price of the other
variants of polvoron is P2.00 per piece.
Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La
Trinidad, Benguet/ ESTHER T. BAGSIO 2011.
Table 10. Suggested price by the taste panels
POLVORON
PRICE PER PIECE
VARIANTS
P1-1.50
P2-2.50
P3 -3.50
P4-4.50
P 5-5.50
F
%
F
%
F
%
F
%
F
%
Choco-coated
18
9.00 23 11.50 45 22.50 16 8.00 22 11.00
Choco-chips
24
12.00 30 15.00 27 13.50 6
3.00 8
4.00
Pinipig polvoron 31
15.50 25 12.50 24 12.00 5
2.50 11 5.50
Peanut polvoron
30
15.00 24 12.00 28 14.00 5
2.50 10 5.00
Suggestions for the Improvement of the Product
Table 11 presents the suggestions of the consumers/taste panels on the different
variants of polvoron tasted. Only seventy three out of the 200 taste panels suggested to
improve the product. Thirty or 15% suggested to add more choco- chips on the choco
chips flavored polvoron. Twenty five or 13% suggested that the size should be improved
or increase because it is too small for its price at P2.00 to 4.00 per piece. Nine percent of
the taste panels suggested that the polvoron should be processed finely or maybe should
be sifted first before it will be molded so that the texture is smooth.
Table 11. Suggestions for the improvement of the product
SUGGESTION
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Improve or increase the size because it is
25
13
too small for P2.00 or 4.00 for choco-
coated
Process finely
18
9
Add more choco-chips
30
15
Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La
Trinidad, Benguet/ ESTHER T. BAGSIO 2011.
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
This study was conducted to determine the acceptability of target consumers of
the different variants of flavored polvoron as to the taste, sweetness, price, moisture
content and general acceptability. The study aimed to find out the most accepted variant
of polvorn, determine the factors affecting the acceptability and identify the consumers
of polvoron.
A total of 200 pupils and secondary students from Saint Therese Academy and
Benguet State University (Elementary and Secondary) served as taste panels in the
sensory evaluation. The taste panels evaluated the choco coated polvoron, choco chips
polvoron, pinipig polvoron and peanut polvoron as to the taste, sweetness, moisture
content and general acceptability of the product.
On the taste, sweetness, moisture content and general acceptability criteria, result
shows that the mean rating on the acceptability by the taste panels on all the variants
ranged from 3.71 to 4.40 which indicates that products is liked to extremely liked.
Among all the variants of flavored polvoron tasted by the panels, the most
preferred was the choco coated polvorn followed by the pinipig polvoron. As to the rank
on acceptability, number one was choco-coated, second was the pinipig, followed by the
choco chips and the last was peanut. As to the rating of choco-chips and peanut
polvoron, these were also like to extremely like by the taste panels, however, the majority
of the taste panels preferred the choco coated and pinipig.
On the factors that affect the acceptability of consumers on the product were the
taste, price and the nutrient content. Majority mentioned that taste was the major
Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La
Trinidad, Benguet/ ESTHER T. BAGSIO 2011.
consideration if it is good or delicious. Price was also one consideration as mentioned by
majority of the taste panels, few have mention nutrient content of the food product.
As to price acceptability, majority of the taste panels mentioned that the price is
affordable to all variants. However, there were some taste panels who mentioned that the
price is not affordable especially the choco coated polvoron which is P4.00 per piece.
The price of pinipig, choco chips and peanut polvoron is P2.00 per piece.
On the prices suggested by the taste panels, except for the choco coated polvoron,
majority had pegged a higher price of the product, as compared to the current price.
Despite the acceptability, there still some suggestion given by the taste panels to improve
the product. Suggestions include; improve or increase the size of the product and to
process finely and to add more choco chips.
Conclusions
From the results, the following conclusions were drawn.
1. The rating on the level of acceptability by the students and pupils on all the
variants of polvoron is 4 (like) to 5 (extremely like) which indicates the product is
accepted as to taste, sweetness, moisture content and the general acceptability.
2. The price of the different variants of polvoron is affordable and the suggested
price by the taste panels is almost or higher than the current price of the product.
3. Factors that affect the acceptability of the product are the taste, price and
nutrient contents.
Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La
Trinidad, Benguet/ ESTHER T. BAGSIO 2011.
Recommendations
The different variants of polvoron have market potential as shown in the study
because it is accepted by the taste panels. However, still there were suggestions to
improve the product by the panels. It is therefore recommended, that suggestion will be
considered in the improvement of the product and promotion should be done in order to
create or increase demand of flavored polvoron. Furthermore, it is recommended that a
mass production and market testing to the potential outlet should be done to determine
the market share and total demand. These factors will serve as a guide/basis in
production decision especially on the volume of production.
Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La
Trinidad, Benguet/ ESTHER T. BAGSIO 2011.
LITERATURE CITED
ANONYMOUS, N.D. Polvoron. Retrieved August 9, 2010 from http://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/polvoron.
DEL ROSARIO, M. 2007. How to make Polvoron. Retrieved August 9, 2010 from
http://hubpages.hub.
DUNNING, B. 2000. The International Handbook of Market Research, Techniques. 2nd
Ed. Pp. 318-319.
HAYES, S. 2007. Market Importance and Market Potential and Market Sizing Analysis.
Retrieved August 10, 2010 from http://www.article-buzz.com.
KURATKO, D.F. 2007. Entrepreneurship Theory, Process, Practice. 7th ed.
Australia.Thomson/South-Western. P. 155.
MARTIN, D. 2000. Market Research. Second Edition. P. 325.
.
MENIPAZ, E. 1984. Essential of Production and Operations Management. P. 155
MOORMAN J.W. and J.W. HALLORAN. 2006. Successful Business Planning for
Entrepreneurs. 1st edition. P. 97.
STIBICH, M. 2009. Health Benefits of Chocolate. Retrieved August 10, 2010 from
www.health castle.com./chocolate.
Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La
Trinidad, Benguet/ ESTHER T. BAGSIO 2011.
APPEDICES
APPENDIX A
Letter to the Respondent
Benguet State University
Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Management
College of Agriculture
November 2010
Dear Evaluators/Judges,
I am a graduating student of Benguet State University taking up Bachelor of Science in
Agribusiness. As part of the course requirement, I am presently conducting an
undergraduate research entitled “ Consumers Acceptability Test on the Different Variants
of Polvoron in La Trinidad, Benguet”.
In this connection, may I solicit your support/cooperation by being an evaluator of the
products. Please evaluate the different variants of polvoron by checking on the column
where qualities/characteristics of the products posses.
Thank you for your cooperation.
Very truly yours,
ESTHER T. BAGSIO
Student Researcher
Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La
Trinidad, Benguet/ ESTHER T. BAGSIO 2011.
APPENDIX B
Evaluation Sheet
Judge No. _________
I. Personal Profile
Name of Judge/evaluator (optional) ___________________________________________
Age ________ ( ) Student ( ) Faculty ( ) school staff
Name of school/address ____________________________________________________
Occupation______________________________________________________________
Product Evaluation
Please evaluate the following variants of polvoron products as to the criteria given below.
Product rating:
1 – Dislike extremely
2 – Dislike
3 – Neutral (neither like or dislike)
4 – Like
5 – Extremely like
CC- 01 Polvoron
CRITERIA
1
2
3
4
5
Taste
Sweetness
Moisture content
General acceptability
Price P4/pc ( ) affordable
( ) not affordable
Suggested price __________________________________________________________
Comments and suggestions _________________________________________________
CC-02 Polvoron
CRITERIA
1
2
3
4
5
Taste
Sweetness
Moisture content
General acceptability
Price P2/pc ( ) affordable
( ) not affordable
Suggested price __________________________________________________________
Comments and suggestions _________________________________________________
CC – 03 Polvoron
CRITERIA
1
2
3
4
5
Taste
Sweetness
Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La
Trinidad, Benguet/ ESTHER T. BAGSIO 2011.
Moisture content
General acceptability
Price P2/pc ( ) affordable
( ) not affordable
Suggested price __________________________________________________________
Comments and suggestions _________________________________________________
CC-04 Polvoron
CRITERIA
1
2
3
4
5
Taste
Sweetness
Moisture content
General acceptability
Price P2/pc ( ) affordable
( ) not affordable
Suggested price __________________________________________________________
Comments and suggestions _________________________________________________
Thank you.
Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La
Trinidad, Benguet/ ESTHER T. BAGSIO 2011.
APPENDIX C
Sensory Evaluation Rating
Table 12. Sensory evaluation by taste panels on choco-coated polvoron
CRITERIA
1
2
3
4
5
TOTAL
F %
F % F
%
F
%
F
%
Taste
-
-
5 2.5 16
8
71 35.5 97 46.5
189
Sweetness
-
-
6
3 24 12 72 36 96 48
198
Moisture content
1 0.5 12 6 35 17.5 82 41 70 35
199
General
-
-
3 1.5 24 12 79 39.5 89 44.5
195
acceptability
Legend: 1 – Dislike extremely
2 – Dislike
3 – Neutral (neither like or dislike)
4 – Like
5 – Extremely like
Table 13. Sensory evaluation by taste panels on choco chips polvoron
CRITERIA
1
2
3
4
5
TOTAL
F %
F % F
%
F
%
F
%
Taste
4
2 10 5 53 26.5 73 36.5 49 24.5
185
Sweetness
4
2 13 6.5 44 22 74 37 49 24.5
184
Moisture content
1 0.5 13 6.5 61 30.5 71 35.5 46 23
195
General
4
2
5 2.5 43 21.5 79 39.5 61 30.5
189
acceptability
Legend: 1 – Dislike extremely
2 – Dislike
Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La
Trinidad, Benguet/ ESTHER T. BAGSIO 2011.
3 – Neutral (neither like or dislike)
4 – Like
5 – Extremely like
Table 14. Sensory evaluation by taste panels on pinipig polvoron
CRITERIA
1
2
3
4
5
TOTAL
F %
F % F
%
F
%
F
%
Taste
1 0.5 9 4.5 28 14 76 38 83 41.5
197
Sweetness
2
1
6
3 45 22.5 60 30 80 40
193
Moisture content
5 2.5 12 6 41 20.5 81 40.5 58 29
197
General
2
1
4
2 23 23 88 44 77 38.5
194
acceptability
Legend: 1 – Dislike extremely
2 – Dislike
3 – Neutral (neither like or dislike)
4 – Like
5 – Extremely like
Table 15. Sensory evaluation by taste panels on peanut polvoron
CRITERIA
1
2
3
4
5
TOTAL
F %
F % F
%
F
%
F
%
Taste
7 3.5 18 9 52 26 65 32.5 52 26
194
Sweetness
7 3.5 15 7.5 55 27.5 67 33.5 50 25
194
Moisture content
5 2.5 12 6 45 22.5 80 40 47 23.5
189
General
25 12.5 11 5.5 39 19.5 67 33.5 70 35
192
acceptability
Legend: 1 – Dislike extremely
2 – Dislike
3 – Neutral (neither like or dislike)
4 – Like
5 – Extremely like
Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La
Trinidad, Benguet/ ESTHER T. BAGSIO 2011.
Table 16. Acceptability of the different variants of flavored polvoron
VARIANTS
1
2
3
4
5
RANK
F %
F
%
F
%
F
%
F
%
Choco-coated -
3 1.50 24 12.50 79 39.50 89 44.50
1
Choco chips
4
2.00 5 2.50 43 21.50 79 39.50 61 30.50
3
Pinipig
2
1.00 4 2.00 23 1.15 88 44.00 77 38.50
2
polvoron
Peanut
25 13.00 1 5.50 34 17.00 67 33.50 70 35.00
4
polvoron
1
Legend: 1 – Dislike extremely
2 – Dislike
3 – Neutral (neither like or dislike)
4 – Like
5 – Extremely like
Consumers’ Acceptability Test on the Different Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La
Trinidad, Benguet/ ESTHER T. BAGSIO 2011.
Document Outline
- Consumers� Acceptability Test on theDifferent Variants of Polvoron in the Different Schools of La Trinidad, Benguet
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABSTRACT
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- METHODOLOGY
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPEDICES