BIBLIOGRAPHY CAM-ED, JENNIFER O. APRIL...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CAM-ED, JENNIFER O. APRIL 2012. The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth
Performance of Sunshine Chicken.Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Myrna B. Walsiyen, MSc
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted at BSU Poultry Experimental station Balili, La Trinidad,
Benguet, from April 23 to June 16, 2011 to determine the effect of Atovi feed premix on the
growth performance of Sunshine chickens.
Eighty (80) day old Sunshine chicks to 55 days were used. These were randomly
distributed into two (2) treatments. Each treatment was replicated four (4) times with ten (10)
birds per replication, making a total of forty (4) birds per treatment. Data gathered were analyzed
using the T-test.
Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences among the treatments in terms of
initial weight, final weight, gain in weight, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio. No
cases of mortality and morbidity among the birds were also incurred. On the other hand, highly
significant differences in no Atovi premix (3.112) and w/ 5g Atovi premix/kg feeds (3.245)
respectively in kilograms were observed in the feed consumption. The average daily gain has a
grand mean of 0.022 kg and feed consumption ratio has a grand mean of 2.521.
On the return on investment, thou this parameter was not subjected to statistical analysis
the result showed that a slightly higher ROI was realized from the birds given atovi premix with
an ROI of 3.61 % compared tp 3.57 % realized from the birds not supplemented with atovi.
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
Based on the results of the study, it is revelaed that adding atovi into the bird’s diet at the
level of 5g/kg feed did not reduce nor improve the growth performance of the birds. It is also
revealed that the atovi premix when added into the bird’s diet at the level mentioned above, can
take the place of vetracin, the one usually used to medicate the drinking water of birds.
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography………………………………………………………………………….. i
Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………
i
Table of Contents …………………………………………………………………….
iii
INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………..
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE ……………………………………………………….
3
MATERIALS AND METHODS …………………………………………………...
6
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ……………………………………………………
10
Body
Weight
……………………………………………………………….. 10
Total gain in weigth and
Average daily gain in weights …..…………………………………………..
10
Feed Consumption …………………………………………………………..
11
Feed Convertion Ration …………………………………………………….
12
Morbidity and Mortality …………………………………………………….
12
Return on Investment ……………………………………………………….
13
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION …………………….
14
Summary
……………………………………………………………………. 14
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………
15
Recommendation
…………………………………………………………… 15
LITERATURE CITED ……………………………………………………………...
16
APPENDICES ………………………………………………………………………
17
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
INTRODUCTION
Broiler raising is one of the phases of agriculture that is continuously progressing.
Many raisers are into it and it is even their major source of livelihood. Raising broilers is
preferred over the other animals like pigs and cattle because broilers can be raised in a
shorter period of time, hence, the quicker turn-over of investments. Besides, many Filipino
prefer to buy broiler meat compared to other meats like pork and beef because it is much
cheaper in price than and as nutritious as pork and beef.
However, many meat consumers are now starting to be conscious on the food they eat
and with this they prefer to meat derived from organically produced animals or from animals
that are at least free of antibiotics/chemical residues.
To meet the above demand of meat consumers, some broiler raisers are now shifting
to organic farming or are into the use of feed additives that results to the production of broiler
meat free of antibiotic/chemical residues. One of these feed additives recently developed for
animals is the Atovi premix and this is what the researcher wants to find out in this study i.e.
the effect of Atovi premix on the growth performance of Sunshine chicken.
Atovi according to the Vim-Vertex and Company, Inc (2010) or the manufacturer is a
Filipino-invented product based on molecular alteration, nuclear reaction and
nanotechnology. It is a feed premix powder made from vitamins and minerals. However, it is
radically different from conventional feed pre-mixes in the market. It has no medication and
nutritional value due to molecular alteration making the final product with one long
molecular chain with revolutionary effects on the physiology and immune system of
livestock.
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
Also, the company claims that Atovi corrects and maintains the digestive system
properly. Through this, all nutritional and medication inputs are absorbed and utilized
properly and efficiently. Proof of this is the almost total absence of undigested proteins in the
manure and the very low ammonia fumes which produce foul odors ending up into an instant
non-pathogenic and organic fecal waste and further decomposition is not needed.
The result of the study, if found feasible, will benefit not only the researcher, herself
but also other researchers and the chicken growers themselves. It can serve as a guide to the
chicken growers to improve their production and to other researchers; it can serve as a
reference in making follow-up studies.
Generally, the study aimed to determine the growth performance of Sunshine
chickens when supplemented with atovi feed premix. Specifically, this study aimed to:
1. Measure the growth performance of sunshine chickens given diets with atovi feed
premix in terms of gain in weight, feed and water consumptions, feed conversion ratio, and
the morbidity and mortality rates.
2. Find out the profitability of raising sunshine chickens supplemented with atovi
feed premix.
The study was conducted at the BSU Poultry Experimental House station Balili, La
Trinidad,Benguet, from May to July 2011.
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Acker (1983) said that the wide acceptance of feed additives in poultry is attributed to
their well-established benefits of improving growth rate, feed conversion and reducing
mortality and morbidity. He also stated that feed additives serve as catalysts in digestion and
metabolism of nutrients even if given in small amounts.
CardandNesheim (1972) said that the addition of additives in poultry feeds will often
improve the rate of weight gain and feed efficiency of growing chicks and provides all the
essential nutrients in adequate amount. Likewise Pondetal (1995) pointed out that feed
additives will improve growth rate, feed efficiency, and those of more specific nature that are
used for other purposes such as control of internal and external parasites, insects, pest, or a
wide variety of infectious diseases.
Cunha(1981) said that higher levels of nutrients and feed additives should be fed with
caution since some nutrients can cause harmful effects if used at too high level.
Fronda (1972) mentioned that using feed additives do not only make the production
of animals economical but also help in the control of disease.
Tinoyan (2009) opined that broilers are fairly good and fast growing birds under
suitable conditions but are less resistant to disease and more to have developed disorders
which are not likely in the production in poultry. This brought about the development of
poultry strain that can grow relatively fast and less in intensive production system. Among
these is the sunshine chicken. The sunshine chicken is productive even in an adverse terrain
such as in the highland and is resistant to disease. They are also a free-range strain but could
be raised in confinement. Sunshine chicken raised intensively their intake and provide
additional nutrient such as vitamins.
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
West (1987) defined feed additive as a substance added to compound ration or protein
in concentrate in the course of manufacturing for some specific functions such as stimulate
growth and improves the efficiency of feed utilization.
Atovi is made from vitamins and minerals feed premix that improves the performance
and efficiency of a cell of the animals (land, air and aquatic) body constantly and
continuously charge the mitochondria of all of the Krebs cycle.
Atovi induces natural detoxification or expulsion of harmful compounds or
xenobiotics such as drugs, natural poisons and antibiotics on the cellular level.
(www.alibaba.com2007)
The benefits attained in using atovi feed premix are as follows: faster growing period,
increase profitability, lower feed conservation or feed intake, higher livability, improved and
enhanced breeding operations, more harvests per year good sizes of eggs and egg shell
quality, longer laying period, minimal medications, lower power and water expenses,
elimination of chemical for treating manure, demand higher farm gate price due to superior
meat quality, healthier and safer produce (Meat, eggs and milk) tastier and leaner
meat/eggs/milk without the rancid smell, low cholesterol, free of antibiotic and chemical
residues, thin back fat, high carcass percentage, environment-friendly waste / less ammonia,
pathogen-free and dry manure with no foul or odious smell, power bacterial load, higher
motility greater uniformity in litter/brood size and weight, higher hatchability percentage,
early return to heat, prevent scouring and high resistance to bacterial and viral infections such
as hogs-porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (hogs-PRRS), hog cholera/flu,
coccidian, foot and mouth disease (FMD), non communicable disease (NCD), and
dermatitis.(www.atovianimalg2.com2007)
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
According to the Vim-Vertex and Company, Inc (2010), as cited in the website
www.atovianimalg2.com, the composition of Atovi is as follows:
INGREDIENT
PER 10 LB
ViaminA
12,000,000 IU
Vitamin
D
2,000,000 IU
Vitamin
E
6,000,000 IU
Vitamin
B1
3,000 mg
Vitamin
B6
4,000 mg
Vitamin
B12
4,000 mg
Calcium Panthothenate
22,000 mg
Choline
250,000 mg
Lysine
7,500 mg
Copper
1,300 mg
Pottasium
42,500 mg
Iodine
750 mg
Iron
20,000 mg
Zinc
27,000 mg
Calcium
30,000 mg
Magnesium
2,300 mg
Sodium
30,000 mg
Calcium Carbonate
1 0 lb
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The materials and equipment used in the study were as follows: eighty (80) heads of
Sunshine chicks, Atovi powder, commercial feeds, brooding cages, weighing scale,
incandescent bulbs, disinfectants, vaccines, drinking troughs, feeding troughs, pails, record
book, empty sacks, carton sheets, news paper sheets and cleaning materials.
The Sunshine broiler chicks were purchased from one of the Bounty Fresh chicken
dealers and suppliers in the locality.
A week before the birds arrived, the brooding cage was cleaned and disinfected with
bio seed solution. Likewise a day before the chicks arrive, the floorings was covered with
odd newspapers sheets. These served as feed receptacles at the start of the brooding period,
helped conserve heat inside the brooding cage and helped prevent tripping of the chicks into
the floor. The source of heat was also switched on two (2) hours prior to the arrival of the
chicksto make sure the brooding cage was warm as the chicks were placed into it.
Upon arrival, the eighty (80) birds wererandomly distributed into two(2) treatments
followingthe T-test which is a method of analysis. Each treatment had four replications with
ten (10) birds per replicate, making a total of forty (40) birds per treatment.
The two treatments were as follows:
T0– noatovifeed premix
T1 - 5g atovi feed premix/kg feed.
All the experimental birds were subjected to the same care and management from the
start to the end of the study, in all aspect except, on their diets depending on what treatment
where these birds belong. Those in the control group were fed with pure commercial feeds
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
i.e. with no atovi feed premix supplementation. On the other hand, the birds in treatment 1
were fed with commercial feeds plus atovi premix given at the level of 5g/kg feed offered.
Feeding was done three (3) times a day at 7 o’clock in the morning, 12 noon and at 5
o’clock in the afternoon from the start until the end of the study. For the first four weeks, the
birds were given broiler starter mash. From the fifth week until the end of the study, their
feeds was shifted to the broiler finisher mash. The amount of feeds was measured and
recorded before itwas given to the birds. Leftover feeds for the day were also recorded to
determine the food consumption. Likewise, adequate clean water was provided to the birds
daily. Like the feeds, the volume of water offered to the birds was also recorded. The volume
of water not consumed during the day was determined every morning of the following day.
To help maintain the good health of the birds, cleanliness of brooding and rearing
cages was observed. Also, the chicks were vaccinated against new cattle’s disease (NCD) on
the twelfth day of brooding. In the no atovi premixvetracin was given to the birds through in
their drinking water. However, for the birds 5g of atovipremix/kg feeds, novetracin was
offered for them.
The data were analyzed using the T-test where in control treatment zero (T0) will be
compared to treatment one (T1)
Data Gathered
The data gathered were as follows:
1. Initial weight (kg). Thiswas obtained by getting the weight of the birds atthe start
of the study or at day old.
2. Final weight (kg). This was obtained by weighing the birds at fifty five (55) days
old or at the end of the study.
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
3. Water offered (ml).This refers to the amount of water offered to the birds daily.
4. Water left-over (ml). This was obtained by taking the amount of water
notconsumed by the birds. This was done every day, early in the morning and late in the
evening.
5. Feed offered (kg). Thiswas obtained by taking the weight of the feeds given to the
birds each day.
6. Left-over feeds (kg).Thiswas obtained by taking the weight of the feeds not
consumed by the birds. This was done every morning before feeding time.
7. Morbidity.This refers to the number of birds that got sick during
experimentalperiod.
8. Mortality.This refers to the number of birds that had died during the study.
9. Cost of production. This refers to the cost of each of the items or materials
purchased and used in the study.
From the data gathered above, the following were computed:
1. Total gain in weight (kg). Thiswas obtained by subtracting the initial weight of
the birds from their respective final weight.
2. Average daily gain in weight (kg). This was obtained by dividing the total gain in
weight by the number of days of feeding the birds.
3. Total feed consumption (kg). This refers to the total amount of feed given to each
experimental bird throughout the experiment.
4. Feed conversion ratio (FCR). Thiswas obtained by dividing the total feed
consumption by the total gain in weight.
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
5. Morbidity rate (%). Thiswas obtained by dividing the number ofbirds that got
sickby the total number of birds at the start of the study multiplied by 100 %.
6. Mortality rate (%). This was obtained by dividing the number of birds that
diedduring the study period by the total number of birds at the start of the study multiplied by
100%.
7. Net profit. This was obtained by deducting all the cost of production from thetotal
sales.
8. Return on investment (ROI). This was obtained by dividing the net profit by the
total cost of production multiplied by 100%.
Data Analysis
The data gathered were consolidated, tabulated and analyzed using the T-test.
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Body Weights
The body weights (initial and final) of the birds in the two treatments are shown in
Table 1. In terms of the initial weight, statistical analysis revealed no significant difference
between the two Treatment means. This shows that the experimental birds were more or less
of the same weights at the start of the study. The overall mean initial weight of the
experimental birds was 0.105 kg.
In terms of final weight, statistical analysis revealed that there was no significant
difference between the two treatment means. This implies that the birds in the two treatments
were more or less of the same weight at the end of the study. The overall mean final weight
of the experimental birds was 1.369 kg. It is also implied that the addition of atovi feed
premix into the diet at the level of 5g/kg feed did not affect the final weight of the birds.
Total Gain in Weight (TGW) and
Average Daily Gain in Weight (ADG)
The total and average daily gains (ADG) in weight of the birds in the two treatments
are shown in Table 2. Similar to the body weights, statistical analysis revealed no significant
difference between the two treatment means in both the total gain in weight and average
daily gain in weight of the birds. This implies that the inclusion of atovi premix into the feeds
of the birds did not stimulate the growth rate nor cause any increase in the gains in weight of
the birds. The birds had an overall mean of 1.264 kg and a mean average daily gain in weight
of 0.0215 kg. This findings is different from the claim of the manufacturer, the Vim-Vertex
and Company, Inc., that atovi, when given to the birds, improves their growth rate.
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
Table 1.Initial (day old) and final (55 days old) weight of the birds
BODY WEIGHT (kg)
TREATMENT
INITIAL FINAL
No Atovi premix
0.103
1.325
w/ 5g Atovipremix/kg feeds
0.107
1.413
Table 2.Total gain in weight (kg) and average daily gain in weight of the birds for 55 days
kg
MEAN
TREATMENT
TGW* ADG*
No Atovi premix
1.222
0.021
w/ 5g Atovipremix/kg feeds
1.306
0.022
TGW – Total Gain in weight
ADG-Average Daily Gain
Feed Consumption
The total feed consumption of the birds in the two treatments from day old to 55 days
of feeding are shown in Table 3. Statistical analysis revealed a highly significant difference
between the two treatment means. The birds given atovi feed premix had higher feed
consumptions with a mean of 3.245 kg compared to the feed consumptions of the birds given
no atovi feed premix which had a mean of 3.112 kg.it is revealed that the addition of atovi
feed premix into the feeds of the birds at the level of 5 g.kg feeds seem to have improved the
palatability of the feeds, hence, the higher feed consumption observed from the birds given
atovi premix.
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
Table 3.Total feed consumption of the birds for 55 days
TREATMENT
FEED CONSUMPTION (kg)
No Atovi premix
3.112
w/ 5g Atovipremix/kg feeds
3.245
Table 4.Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the birds in the two treatments
TREATMENT MEAN
No Atovi premix
2.547
w/ 5g Atovipremix/kg feeds
2.495
Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR)
The mean feed conversion ratio per bird per treatment is shown in Table 4. Statistical
analysis revealed that the FCRs of the birds in no atovi premix (T0) and w/ 5g atovi
premix/kg feeds (T1) are not significantly different. This means that giving atovi feed premix
to the birds did not affect their feed conversion ratio. The overall mean FCR was 2.521.
Mortality and Morbidity Rate
During the conduct of the study, there were no instances of mortality or morbidity
among the birds. This indicates that the care and management particularly the health care,
given to the birds was good and effective. The non-incidence of morbidity, particularly
among the birds which were not given vetracin but instead given atovi premix into their
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
feeds, could possibly mean that the atovi premix was as effective as the vetracin in
preventing the birds from being affected with a disease.
Return on Investment (ROI)
The returns on investment are presented in Table 5. And the itemized expenditures
are presented in appendix Table 7. Although this parameter was not subjected to statistical
analysis, the results showed that the Sunshine chickens supplemented with atovi feed
premixhad a slightly higher ROI of 3.61 % compared to the birds given no atovi feed premix
which registered an ROI of 3.57 %.
The birds given atovi premix incurred a higher total cost of production of Php.
7,942.50 compared to Php. 7,420.36 incurred by the birds given atovi premix. However, the
birds given atovihad slightly heavier final weights, hence, the higher sales compared to the
birds given no atovi premix.
Table 5.Return on Investment (ROI)
TREATMENT TOTAL
SALES
NET
INCOME
ROI
No Atovi premix
7,420.36
264.64
3.566
w/ 5g of Atovi per kg of feeds
7,942.50
293.50
3.610
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECCOMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted to determine the effect of atovi feed premix on the growth
performance of Sunshine Chicken at the BSU Poultry Experimental station, La Trinidad,
Benguet.From May to June, 2011.
Eighty (80) day old chicks were used. They were randomly distributed into two (2)
treatments. Each treatment was replicated four (4) times with ten (10) birds per replication,
making a total of forty (4) birds per treatment. Data gathered were analyzed using the T-test.
Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between the two treatment
means in terms of initial weight, final weight, gains in weight (total and ADG) and the feed
conversion ratio. The birds had an overall mean in initial weight of 0.105 kg. The mean final
weights were 1.325 kg for the birds given no atovi premix and 1.413 kg for the birds given
atovi premix. The mean total gain and ADG observed from the birds given no atovi was
1.222 kg and 0.021 kg, respectively. On the other hand, the mean total gain in weight and
ADG observed from the birds given atovi premix at the level of 5 g/kg feed was 1.306 kg and
0.022 kg, respectively. In terms of feed conversion ratio no atovi premixis 2.547 while in w/
5g of atovi per kg of feeds is 2.495. On the other hand, highly significant differences were
observed in the feed consumption no atovi premixis 3.112 while in w/ 5g of atovi per kg of
feeds is 3.245. The average daily gain has a grand mean of 0.022 kg and feed consumption
ratio has a grand mean of 2.521.
On the return on investment, Sunshine chicken supplemented with atovi has a higher
ROI of 3.610% and birds not supplemented with atovi have a lower ROI of 3.566%.
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
Conclusion
Based on the results of the study, it is therefore concluded that giving atovi feed
premix to Sunshine chickens at the level of 5 g/kg feed did not improve their growth
performance. It can also be concluded that the adding of atovi premix into the bird’s diet at
the level of 5 g/kg of feed can serve the purpose of vetracin, the one usually added into the
drinking water of birds for health reasons.
Recommendation
Based on the findings, it is not recommended that the atovi premix may be given to
the Sunshine birds at the level of 5 g/kg feed but this is because of its effect on disease
prevention and not as growth stimulant. It is also recommended, however, that related studies
should be conducted to determine the effect of adding atovi premix into the bird’s diet on the
carcass quality.
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
LITERATURE CITED
ACKER, D.T. 1983. Animal Science and Industry.Englewood Cliffs. Prentice Hall
Inc. P.252.
CARD, L.E. and M.C. NESHEIM. 1972. Poultry Production. Philadelphia. Lea and
FebigerCo.P. 201.
CUNHA, T. J. 1981, Vital Nutrients for Livestock. World Farming 23:50.
DONKER, W. 1989. Enzymes are Nature’s Teeth. Poultry International Magazine.
5(3): 37-39.
FRONDA, F.M. 1972. Poultry Science and Production. Manila G.M.S.M. Publishing
Co. Inc. P. 10.
LIM, A.K. 2002.Natural Farming Technology seminar.Tribal Mission Foundation.
International Inc. tmtidavao@skyinet.net
POND, W. G. D. C. CHURCH and K.R. POND 1995. Basic Animal Nutrition and
Feeding New Jersey.PrenticeHall.P. 327.
SOLIVEN, M. E. 1989. The Benefits of Probiotics.Greenfields. Volume 2:25-31.
WEST, G. B. 1997. Encyclopedia of Animal Care. Baltimore, London: Williams and
Willsens Co. P. 19.
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
APPENDICES
Appendix Table 1.Mean initial weight of the birds (kg)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL MEAN
I II III IV
T0
0.093 0.091 0.114 0.113 0.411 0.103
T1
0.095
0.094
0.139
0.099
0.427
0.107
GRAND TOTAL
0.838
GRAND MEAN
0.105
T-TEST TABLE
Tabular T
Computed T
0.05 0.01
0.321 2.447
3.707
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
Appendix Table 2.Mean final weight of the birds in the two treatments (kg)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL MEAN
I II III IV
T0
1.35 1.29 1.365 1.295 5.30 1.325
T1
1.52
1.42
1.36
1.35
5.65
1.413
GRAND TOTAL
10.95
GRAND MEAN
1.369
T-TEST TABLE
Tabular T
Computed T
0.05 0.01
2.015 2.447
3.707
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
Appendix Table 3.Mean total gain in weight in the two treatments (kg)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL MEAN
I II III IV
T0
1.257 1.199 1.251 1.182 4.889 1.222
T1
1.425
1.326
1.221
1.251
5.223
1.306
GRAND TOTAL
10.112
GRAND MEAN
1.264
T-TEST TABLE
Tabular T
Computed T
0.05 0.01
1.698 2.447
3.707
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
Appendix Table 4.Average daily gain in weight (kg)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL MEAN
I II III IV
T0
0.021 0.020 0.021 0.020 0.082 0.021
T1
0.024
0.022
0.020
0.021
0.169
0.022
GRAND TOTAL
0.251
GRAND MEAN
0.022
T-TEST TABLE
Tabular T
Computed T
0.05 0.01
1.387 2.447
3.707
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
Appendix Table 5.Mean total feed consumption per bird per treatment from day old to 55
days old (kg)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL MEAN
I II III IV
T0
3.147 3.047 3.138 3.115 12.447 3.112
T1
3.211
3.223
3.321
3.224
12.979
3.245
GRAND TOTAL
25.426
GRAND MEAN
3.179
T-TEST TABLE
Tabular T
Computed T
0.05 0.01
3.895 2.447
3.707
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
Appendix Table 6.Mean feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the birds in the two treatments
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL MEAN
I II III IV
T0
2.504 2.541 2.508 2.635 10.188 2.547
T1
2.253
2.431
2.720
2.577
9.981
2.495
GRAND TOTAL
20.169
GRAND MEAN
2.521
T-TEST TABLE
Tabular T
Computed T
0.05 0.01
0.495 2.447
3.707
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
Appendix Table 7.Total cost of production by treatment
TREATMENT
ITEMS
T0
T1
A. Cost of Production
1. Cost of stock
1,800.00
1,800.00
2. Feeds
4,032.86
4,204.55
3. Atovi
-
470.00
4. Vetracin
120.00
-
5. Material and Equipment
180.00
180.00
6. Disinfectant
50.00
50.00
7. Labor
1,237.50
1,237.50
Total
7,420.36 7,942.50
B. Total Gross Sales*
7,685.00
8,236.00
C. Net Income
264.64 293.50
D. Return on Investment (ROI) (%)
3.57 3.61
*It is assumed that birds were sold at Php. 140/kg live weight which was prevailing selling
price during the conduct of the study.
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
CAM-ED, JENNIFER O. APRIL 2012. The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth
Performance of Sunshine Chicken.Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser: Myrna B. Walsiyen, MSc
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted at BSU Poultry Experimental station Balili, La Trinidad,
Benguet, from April 23 to June 16, 2011 to determine the effect of Atovi feed premix on the
growth performance of Sunshine chickens.
Eighty (80) day old Sunshine chicks to 55 days were used. These were randomly
distributed into two (2) treatments. Each treatment was replicated four (4) times with ten (10)
birds per replication, making a total of forty (4) birds per treatment. Data gathered were analyzed
using the T-test.
Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences among the treatments in terms of
initial weight, final weight, gain in weight, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio. No
cases of mortality and morbidity among the birds were also incurred. On the other hand, highly
significant differences in no Atovi premix (3.112) and w/ 5g Atovi premix/kg feeds (3.245)
respectively in kilograms were observed in the feed consumption. The average daily gain has a
grand mean of 0.022 kg and feed consumption ratio has a grand mean of 2.521.
On the return on investment, thou this parameter was not subjected to statistical analysis
the result showed that a slightly higher ROI was realized from the birds given atovi premix with
an ROI of 3.61 % compared tp 3.57 % realized from the birds not supplemented with atovi.
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
Based on the results of the study, it is revelaed that adding atovi into the bird’s diet at the
level of 5g/kg feed did not reduce nor improve the growth performance of the birds. It is also
revealed that the atovi premix when added into the bird’s diet at the level mentioned above, can
take the place of vetracin, the one usually used to medicate the drinking water of birds.
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography………………………………………………………………………….. i
Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………
i
Table of Contents …………………………………………………………………….
iii
INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………..
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE ……………………………………………………….
3
MATERIALS AND METHODS …………………………………………………...
6
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ……………………………………………………
10
Body
Weight
……………………………………………………………….. 10
Total gain in weigth and
Average daily gain in weights …..…………………………………………..
10
Feed Consumption …………………………………………………………..
11
Feed Convertion Ration …………………………………………………….
12
Morbidity and Mortality …………………………………………………….
12
Return on Investment ……………………………………………………….
13
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION …………………….
14
Summary
……………………………………………………………………. 14
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………
15
Recommendation
…………………………………………………………… 15
LITERATURE CITED ……………………………………………………………...
16
APPENDICES ………………………………………………………………………
17
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
INTRODUCTION
Broiler raising is one of the phases of agriculture that is continuously progressing.
Many raisers are into it and it is even their major source of livelihood. Raising broilers is
preferred over the other animals like pigs and cattle because broilers can be raised in a
shorter period of time, hence, the quicker turn-over of investments. Besides, many Filipino
prefer to buy broiler meat compared to other meats like pork and beef because it is much
cheaper in price than and as nutritious as pork and beef.
However, many meat consumers are now starting to be conscious on the food they eat
and with this they prefer to meat derived from organically produced animals or from animals
that are at least free of antibiotics/chemical residues.
To meet the above demand of meat consumers, some broiler raisers are now shifting
to organic farming or are into the use of feed additives that results to the production of broiler
meat free of antibiotic/chemical residues. One of these feed additives recently developed for
animals is the Atovi premix and this is what the researcher wants to find out in this study i.e.
the effect of Atovi premix on the growth performance of Sunshine chicken.
Atovi according to the Vim-Vertex and Company, Inc (2010) or the manufacturer is a
Filipino-invented product based on molecular alteration, nuclear reaction and
nanotechnology. It is a feed premix powder made from vitamins and minerals. However, it is
radically different from conventional feed pre-mixes in the market. It has no medication and
nutritional value due to molecular alteration making the final product with one long
molecular chain with revolutionary effects on the physiology and immune system of
livestock.
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
Also, the company claims that Atovi corrects and maintains the digestive system
properly. Through this, all nutritional and medication inputs are absorbed and utilized
properly and efficiently. Proof of this is the almost total absence of undigested proteins in the
manure and the very low ammonia fumes which produce foul odors ending up into an instant
non-pathogenic and organic fecal waste and further decomposition is not needed.
The result of the study, if found feasible, will benefit not only the researcher, herself
but also other researchers and the chicken growers themselves. It can serve as a guide to the
chicken growers to improve their production and to other researchers; it can serve as a
reference in making follow-up studies.
Generally, the study aimed to determine the growth performance of Sunshine
chickens when supplemented with atovi feed premix. Specifically, this study aimed to:
1. Measure the growth performance of sunshine chickens given diets with atovi feed
premix in terms of gain in weight, feed and water consumptions, feed conversion ratio, and
the morbidity and mortality rates.
2. Find out the profitability of raising sunshine chickens supplemented with atovi
feed premix.
The study was conducted at the BSU Poultry Experimental House station Balili, La
Trinidad,Benguet, from May to July 2011.
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Acker (1983) said that the wide acceptance of feed additives in poultry is attributed to
their well-established benefits of improving growth rate, feed conversion and reducing
mortality and morbidity. He also stated that feed additives serve as catalysts in digestion and
metabolism of nutrients even if given in small amounts.
CardandNesheim (1972) said that the addition of additives in poultry feeds will often
improve the rate of weight gain and feed efficiency of growing chicks and provides all the
essential nutrients in adequate amount. Likewise Pondetal (1995) pointed out that feed
additives will improve growth rate, feed efficiency, and those of more specific nature that are
used for other purposes such as control of internal and external parasites, insects, pest, or a
wide variety of infectious diseases.
Cunha(1981) said that higher levels of nutrients and feed additives should be fed with
caution since some nutrients can cause harmful effects if used at too high level.
Fronda (1972) mentioned that using feed additives do not only make the production
of animals economical but also help in the control of disease.
Tinoyan (2009) opined that broilers are fairly good and fast growing birds under
suitable conditions but are less resistant to disease and more to have developed disorders
which are not likely in the production in poultry. This brought about the development of
poultry strain that can grow relatively fast and less in intensive production system. Among
these is the sunshine chicken. The sunshine chicken is productive even in an adverse terrain
such as in the highland and is resistant to disease. They are also a free-range strain but could
be raised in confinement. Sunshine chicken raised intensively their intake and provide
additional nutrient such as vitamins.
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
West (1987) defined feed additive as a substance added to compound ration or protein
in concentrate in the course of manufacturing for some specific functions such as stimulate
growth and improves the efficiency of feed utilization.
Atovi is made from vitamins and minerals feed premix that improves the performance
and efficiency of a cell of the animals (land, air and aquatic) body constantly and
continuously charge the mitochondria of all of the Krebs cycle.
Atovi induces natural detoxification or expulsion of harmful compounds or
xenobiotics such as drugs, natural poisons and antibiotics on the cellular level.
(www.alibaba.com2007)
The benefits attained in using atovi feed premix are as follows: faster growing period,
increase profitability, lower feed conservation or feed intake, higher livability, improved and
enhanced breeding operations, more harvests per year good sizes of eggs and egg shell
quality, longer laying period, minimal medications, lower power and water expenses,
elimination of chemical for treating manure, demand higher farm gate price due to superior
meat quality, healthier and safer produce (Meat, eggs and milk) tastier and leaner
meat/eggs/milk without the rancid smell, low cholesterol, free of antibiotic and chemical
residues, thin back fat, high carcass percentage, environment-friendly waste / less ammonia,
pathogen-free and dry manure with no foul or odious smell, power bacterial load, higher
motility greater uniformity in litter/brood size and weight, higher hatchability percentage,
early return to heat, prevent scouring and high resistance to bacterial and viral infections such
as hogs-porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (hogs-PRRS), hog cholera/flu,
coccidian, foot and mouth disease (FMD), non communicable disease (NCD), and
dermatitis.(www.atovianimalg2.com2007)
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
According to the Vim-Vertex and Company, Inc (2010), as cited in the website
www.atovianimalg2.com, the composition of Atovi is as follows:
INGREDIENT
PER 10 LB
ViaminA
12,000,000 IU
Vitamin
D
2,000,000 IU
Vitamin
E
6,000,000 IU
Vitamin
B1
3,000 mg
Vitamin
B6
4,000 mg
Vitamin
B12
4,000 mg
Calcium Panthothenate
22,000 mg
Choline
250,000 mg
Lysine
7,500 mg
Copper
1,300 mg
Pottasium
42,500 mg
Iodine
750 mg
Iron
20,000 mg
Zinc
27,000 mg
Calcium
30,000 mg
Magnesium
2,300 mg
Sodium
30,000 mg
Calcium Carbonate
1 0 lb
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The materials and equipment used in the study were as follows: eighty (80) heads of
Sunshine chicks, Atovi powder, commercial feeds, brooding cages, weighing scale,
incandescent bulbs, disinfectants, vaccines, drinking troughs, feeding troughs, pails, record
book, empty sacks, carton sheets, news paper sheets and cleaning materials.
The Sunshine broiler chicks were purchased from one of the Bounty Fresh chicken
dealers and suppliers in the locality.
A week before the birds arrived, the brooding cage was cleaned and disinfected with
bio seed solution. Likewise a day before the chicks arrive, the floorings was covered with
odd newspapers sheets. These served as feed receptacles at the start of the brooding period,
helped conserve heat inside the brooding cage and helped prevent tripping of the chicks into
the floor. The source of heat was also switched on two (2) hours prior to the arrival of the
chicksto make sure the brooding cage was warm as the chicks were placed into it.
Upon arrival, the eighty (80) birds wererandomly distributed into two(2) treatments
followingthe T-test which is a method of analysis. Each treatment had four replications with
ten (10) birds per replicate, making a total of forty (40) birds per treatment.
The two treatments were as follows:
T0– noatovifeed premix
T1 - 5g atovi feed premix/kg feed.
All the experimental birds were subjected to the same care and management from the
start to the end of the study, in all aspect except, on their diets depending on what treatment
where these birds belong. Those in the control group were fed with pure commercial feeds
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
i.e. with no atovi feed premix supplementation. On the other hand, the birds in treatment 1
were fed with commercial feeds plus atovi premix given at the level of 5g/kg feed offered.
Feeding was done three (3) times a day at 7 o’clock in the morning, 12 noon and at 5
o’clock in the afternoon from the start until the end of the study. For the first four weeks, the
birds were given broiler starter mash. From the fifth week until the end of the study, their
feeds was shifted to the broiler finisher mash. The amount of feeds was measured and
recorded before itwas given to the birds. Leftover feeds for the day were also recorded to
determine the food consumption. Likewise, adequate clean water was provided to the birds
daily. Like the feeds, the volume of water offered to the birds was also recorded. The volume
of water not consumed during the day was determined every morning of the following day.
To help maintain the good health of the birds, cleanliness of brooding and rearing
cages was observed. Also, the chicks were vaccinated against new cattle’s disease (NCD) on
the twelfth day of brooding. In the no atovi premixvetracin was given to the birds through in
their drinking water. However, for the birds 5g of atovipremix/kg feeds, novetracin was
offered for them.
The data were analyzed using the T-test where in control treatment zero (T0) will be
compared to treatment one (T1)
Data Gathered
The data gathered were as follows:
1. Initial weight (kg). Thiswas obtained by getting the weight of the birds atthe start
of the study or at day old.
2. Final weight (kg). This was obtained by weighing the birds at fifty five (55) days
old or at the end of the study.
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
3. Water offered (ml).This refers to the amount of water offered to the birds daily.
4. Water left-over (ml). This was obtained by taking the amount of water
notconsumed by the birds. This was done every day, early in the morning and late in the
evening.
5. Feed offered (kg). Thiswas obtained by taking the weight of the feeds given to the
birds each day.
6. Left-over feeds (kg).Thiswas obtained by taking the weight of the feeds not
consumed by the birds. This was done every morning before feeding time.
7. Morbidity.This refers to the number of birds that got sick during
experimentalperiod.
8. Mortality.This refers to the number of birds that had died during the study.
9. Cost of production. This refers to the cost of each of the items or materials
purchased and used in the study.
From the data gathered above, the following were computed:
1. Total gain in weight (kg). Thiswas obtained by subtracting the initial weight of
the birds from their respective final weight.
2. Average daily gain in weight (kg). This was obtained by dividing the total gain in
weight by the number of days of feeding the birds.
3. Total feed consumption (kg). This refers to the total amount of feed given to each
experimental bird throughout the experiment.
4. Feed conversion ratio (FCR). Thiswas obtained by dividing the total feed
consumption by the total gain in weight.
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
5. Morbidity rate (%). Thiswas obtained by dividing the number ofbirds that got
sickby the total number of birds at the start of the study multiplied by 100 %.
6. Mortality rate (%). This was obtained by dividing the number of birds that
diedduring the study period by the total number of birds at the start of the study multiplied by
100%.
7. Net profit. This was obtained by deducting all the cost of production from thetotal
sales.
8. Return on investment (ROI). This was obtained by dividing the net profit by the
total cost of production multiplied by 100%.
Data Analysis
The data gathered were consolidated, tabulated and analyzed using the T-test.
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Body Weights
The body weights (initial and final) of the birds in the two treatments are shown in
Table 1. In terms of the initial weight, statistical analysis revealed no significant difference
between the two Treatment means. This shows that the experimental birds were more or less
of the same weights at the start of the study. The overall mean initial weight of the
experimental birds was 0.105 kg.
In terms of final weight, statistical analysis revealed that there was no significant
difference between the two treatment means. This implies that the birds in the two treatments
were more or less of the same weight at the end of the study. The overall mean final weight
of the experimental birds was 1.369 kg. It is also implied that the addition of atovi feed
premix into the diet at the level of 5g/kg feed did not affect the final weight of the birds.
Total Gain in Weight (TGW) and
Average Daily Gain in Weight (ADG)
The total and average daily gains (ADG) in weight of the birds in the two treatments
are shown in Table 2. Similar to the body weights, statistical analysis revealed no significant
difference between the two treatment means in both the total gain in weight and average
daily gain in weight of the birds. This implies that the inclusion of atovi premix into the feeds
of the birds did not stimulate the growth rate nor cause any increase in the gains in weight of
the birds. The birds had an overall mean of 1.264 kg and a mean average daily gain in weight
of 0.0215 kg. This findings is different from the claim of the manufacturer, the Vim-Vertex
and Company, Inc., that atovi, when given to the birds, improves their growth rate.
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
Table 1.Initial (day old) and final (55 days old) weight of the birds
BODY WEIGHT (kg)
TREATMENT
INITIAL FINAL
No Atovi premix
0.103
1.325
w/ 5g Atovipremix/kg feeds
0.107
1.413
Table 2.Total gain in weight (kg) and average daily gain in weight of the birds for 55 days
kg
MEAN
TREATMENT
TGW* ADG*
No Atovi premix
1.222
0.021
w/ 5g Atovipremix/kg feeds
1.306
0.022
TGW – Total Gain in weight
ADG-Average Daily Gain
Feed Consumption
The total feed consumption of the birds in the two treatments from day old to 55 days
of feeding are shown in Table 3. Statistical analysis revealed a highly significant difference
between the two treatment means. The birds given atovi feed premix had higher feed
consumptions with a mean of 3.245 kg compared to the feed consumptions of the birds given
no atovi feed premix which had a mean of 3.112 kg.it is revealed that the addition of atovi
feed premix into the feeds of the birds at the level of 5 g.kg feeds seem to have improved the
palatability of the feeds, hence, the higher feed consumption observed from the birds given
atovi premix.
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
Table 3.Total feed consumption of the birds for 55 days
TREATMENT
FEED CONSUMPTION (kg)
No Atovi premix
3.112
w/ 5g Atovipremix/kg feeds
3.245
Table 4.Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the birds in the two treatments
TREATMENT MEAN
No Atovi premix
2.547
w/ 5g Atovipremix/kg feeds
2.495
Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR)
The mean feed conversion ratio per bird per treatment is shown in Table 4. Statistical
analysis revealed that the FCRs of the birds in no atovi premix (T0) and w/ 5g atovi
premix/kg feeds (T1) are not significantly different. This means that giving atovi feed premix
to the birds did not affect their feed conversion ratio. The overall mean FCR was 2.521.
Mortality and Morbidity Rate
During the conduct of the study, there were no instances of mortality or morbidity
among the birds. This indicates that the care and management particularly the health care,
given to the birds was good and effective. The non-incidence of morbidity, particularly
among the birds which were not given vetracin but instead given atovi premix into their
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
feeds, could possibly mean that the atovi premix was as effective as the vetracin in
preventing the birds from being affected with a disease.
Return on Investment (ROI)
The returns on investment are presented in Table 5. And the itemized expenditures
are presented in appendix Table 7. Although this parameter was not subjected to statistical
analysis, the results showed that the Sunshine chickens supplemented with atovi feed
premixhad a slightly higher ROI of 3.61 % compared to the birds given no atovi feed premix
which registered an ROI of 3.57 %.
The birds given atovi premix incurred a higher total cost of production of Php.
7,942.50 compared to Php. 7,420.36 incurred by the birds given atovi premix. However, the
birds given atovihad slightly heavier final weights, hence, the higher sales compared to the
birds given no atovi premix.
Table 5.Return on Investment (ROI)
TREATMENT TOTAL
SALES
NET
INCOME
ROI
No Atovi premix
7,420.36
264.64
3.566
w/ 5g of Atovi per kg of feeds
7,942.50
293.50
3.610
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECCOMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted to determine the effect of atovi feed premix on the growth
performance of Sunshine Chicken at the BSU Poultry Experimental station, La Trinidad,
Benguet.From May to June, 2011.
Eighty (80) day old chicks were used. They were randomly distributed into two (2)
treatments. Each treatment was replicated four (4) times with ten (10) birds per replication,
making a total of forty (4) birds per treatment. Data gathered were analyzed using the T-test.
Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between the two treatment
means in terms of initial weight, final weight, gains in weight (total and ADG) and the feed
conversion ratio. The birds had an overall mean in initial weight of 0.105 kg. The mean final
weights were 1.325 kg for the birds given no atovi premix and 1.413 kg for the birds given
atovi premix. The mean total gain and ADG observed from the birds given no atovi was
1.222 kg and 0.021 kg, respectively. On the other hand, the mean total gain in weight and
ADG observed from the birds given atovi premix at the level of 5 g/kg feed was 1.306 kg and
0.022 kg, respectively. In terms of feed conversion ratio no atovi premixis 2.547 while in w/
5g of atovi per kg of feeds is 2.495. On the other hand, highly significant differences were
observed in the feed consumption no atovi premixis 3.112 while in w/ 5g of atovi per kg of
feeds is 3.245. The average daily gain has a grand mean of 0.022 kg and feed consumption
ratio has a grand mean of 2.521.
On the return on investment, Sunshine chicken supplemented with atovi has a higher
ROI of 3.610% and birds not supplemented with atovi have a lower ROI of 3.566%.
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
Conclusion
Based on the results of the study, it is therefore concluded that giving atovi feed
premix to Sunshine chickens at the level of 5 g/kg feed did not improve their growth
performance. It can also be concluded that the adding of atovi premix into the bird’s diet at
the level of 5 g/kg of feed can serve the purpose of vetracin, the one usually added into the
drinking water of birds for health reasons.
Recommendation
Based on the findings, it is not recommended that the atovi premix may be given to
the Sunshine birds at the level of 5 g/kg feed but this is because of its effect on disease
prevention and not as growth stimulant. It is also recommended, however, that related studies
should be conducted to determine the effect of adding atovi premix into the bird’s diet on the
carcass quality.
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
LITERATURE CITED
ACKER, D.T. 1983. Animal Science and Industry.Englewood Cliffs. Prentice Hall
Inc. P.252.
CARD, L.E. and M.C. NESHEIM. 1972. Poultry Production. Philadelphia. Lea and
FebigerCo.P. 201.
CUNHA, T. J. 1981, Vital Nutrients for Livestock. World Farming 23:50.
DONKER, W. 1989. Enzymes are Nature’s Teeth. Poultry International Magazine.
5(3): 37-39.
FRONDA, F.M. 1972. Poultry Science and Production. Manila G.M.S.M. Publishing
Co. Inc. P. 10.
LIM, A.K. 2002.Natural Farming Technology seminar.Tribal Mission Foundation.
International Inc. tmtidavao@skyinet.net
POND, W. G. D. C. CHURCH and K.R. POND 1995. Basic Animal Nutrition and
Feeding New Jersey.PrenticeHall.P. 327.
SOLIVEN, M. E. 1989. The Benefits of Probiotics.Greenfields. Volume 2:25-31.
WEST, G. B. 1997. Encyclopedia of Animal Care. Baltimore, London: Williams and
Willsens Co. P. 19.
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
APPENDICES
Appendix Table 1.Mean initial weight of the birds (kg)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL MEAN
I II III IV
T0
0.093 0.091 0.114 0.113 0.411 0.103
T1
0.095
0.094
0.139
0.099
0.427
0.107
GRAND TOTAL
0.838
GRAND MEAN
0.105
T-TEST TABLE
Tabular T
Computed T
0.05 0.01
0.321 2.447
3.707
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
Appendix Table 2.Mean final weight of the birds in the two treatments (kg)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL MEAN
I II III IV
T0
1.35 1.29 1.365 1.295 5.30 1.325
T1
1.52
1.42
1.36
1.35
5.65
1.413
GRAND TOTAL
10.95
GRAND MEAN
1.369
T-TEST TABLE
Tabular T
Computed T
0.05 0.01
2.015 2.447
3.707
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
Appendix Table 3.Mean total gain in weight in the two treatments (kg)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL MEAN
I II III IV
T0
1.257 1.199 1.251 1.182 4.889 1.222
T1
1.425
1.326
1.221
1.251
5.223
1.306
GRAND TOTAL
10.112
GRAND MEAN
1.264
T-TEST TABLE
Tabular T
Computed T
0.05 0.01
1.698 2.447
3.707
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
Appendix Table 4.Average daily gain in weight (kg)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL MEAN
I II III IV
T0
0.021 0.020 0.021 0.020 0.082 0.021
T1
0.024
0.022
0.020
0.021
0.169
0.022
GRAND TOTAL
0.251
GRAND MEAN
0.022
T-TEST TABLE
Tabular T
Computed T
0.05 0.01
1.387 2.447
3.707
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
Appendix Table 5.Mean total feed consumption per bird per treatment from day old to 55
days old (kg)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL MEAN
I II III IV
T0
3.147 3.047 3.138 3.115 12.447 3.112
T1
3.211
3.223
3.321
3.224
12.979
3.245
GRAND TOTAL
25.426
GRAND MEAN
3.179
T-TEST TABLE
Tabular T
Computed T
0.05 0.01
3.895 2.447
3.707
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
Appendix Table 6.Mean feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the birds in the two treatments
REPLICATION
TREATMENT
TOTAL MEAN
I II III IV
T0
2.504 2.541 2.508 2.635 10.188 2.547
T1
2.253
2.431
2.720
2.577
9.981
2.495
GRAND TOTAL
20.169
GRAND MEAN
2.521
T-TEST TABLE
Tabular T
Computed T
0.05 0.01
0.495 2.447
3.707
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
Appendix Table 7.Total cost of production by treatment
TREATMENT
ITEMS
T0
T1
A. Cost of Production
1. Cost of stock
1,800.00
1,800.00
2. Feeds
4,032.86
4,204.55
3. Atovi
-
470.00
4. Vetracin
120.00
-
5. Material and Equipment
180.00
180.00
6. Disinfectant
50.00
50.00
7. Labor
1,237.50
1,237.50
Total
7,420.36 7,942.50
B. Total Gross Sales*
7,685.00
8,236.00
C. Net Income
264.64 293.50
D. Return on Investment (ROI) (%)
3.57 3.61
*It is assumed that birds were sold at Php. 140/kg live weight which was prevailing selling
price during the conduct of the study.
The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the Growth Performance of
Sunshine Chicken /Jennifer O. Cam-Ed. 2012
Document Outline
- The effect of Atovi Feed Premix on the GrowthPerformance of Sunshine Chicken
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECCOMENDATION
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES