BIBLIOGRAPHY ARIEL C. MAGALGALIT. APRIL 2012....
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ARIEL C. MAGALGALIT. APRIL 2012. Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten
Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of Plantmate Organic Fertilizer.Benguet
State University, La Trinidad Benguet.
Adviser: Araceli G. Ladilad PhD.
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted at the Ornamental Horticulture Research Area, Benguet State
University, La Trinidad Benguet from may 2011 to October 2011, to determine the growth,
flowering and yield of ten Anthurium accessions as affected by different rate of plantmate
organic fertilizer and to determine the economics of using plantmate organic fertilizer in
Anthuriumcutflower production.
Results show that there were no significant differences on plant height at flowering,
number of leaves per plant at flowering, number of days from harvesting of the first flower to
flower bud formation of the second flower, number of days from flower bud formation to
harvesting stage, length and width of the spathe and vaselife of cutflowers as affected by
different rates of plantmate organic fertilizer. However, on the stem length of cutflowers at
harvest, plants applied with 150 grams per pot of plantmate organic fertilizer produced taller
plants with longer stems compared to other plants applied with the other rates of plantmate
fertilizer. Economically, BSU #5 applied with 150g plantmate per pot obtained the highest return
on investment with 114.35%. Cutflowers produced in this treatment were classified as medium
grade with a retail price of Php90.00 per dozen.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography..…………………………………………………………………………
i
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………….. i
Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………...
ii
INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………..
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE………………………………………………………….
3
MATERIALS AND METHODS………………………………………………………
7
RESULTS AND DISCCUSION……………………………………………………….
16
Final Height at Harvesting Stage (cm) ………………………………………...
17
Number of Leaves per Plant
at Harvesting (3/4 Maturty)……………………................................................
18
Number of Days from Harvesting
of theFirst Flower to Flower Bud
Formation of the Second Flower …………………………………………….
19
Number of Days from Flower Bud
Formation to Harvesting Stage………………………………………………..
21
Length and Width of the Spathe (cm)…………………………………………
22
Stem Length of Cut Flower at Harvest (cm)…………………………………..
24
Vaselife of Cutflower (Days)………………………………………………….
26
Number of Cutflowers Produced per Plant……………………………………
27
Cost and Return Analysis……………………………………………………..
28
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION………………………..
31
Summary……………………………………………………………………....
31
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….
31
Recommendation………………………………………………………………
32
LITERATURE CITED………………………………………………………………..
33
APPENDICES…………………………………………………………………………
34
1
INTRODUCTION
Anthurium is native of Columbia. It belongs to the family Araceae of which other
members are Dieffebachias, Caladiums, Philodendrons, Aglaonemas, and other alocacias.
It has more than 100 genera and about 1500 species, chiefly from the tropics. Anthurium
is frown for their showy spathe and spadices including their velvetly leaves.
The Anthurium flower consists of the spathe, spadix, and peduncle. The
individual or true flowers are borne on the spadix. The spadix is the candle like structure
protruding from the base of the spathe. The spathe is classified according to the
prominence of the veins. Spathes with prominent longitudal veins are called medium
veined and those with few veins are called smooth veined. Spathecomes different colors
of red, pink, orange, or white. They also vary in shape and color intensity (Rosario,
1981).
Plantmate organic fertilizer product is the result of an accelerated decomposition
of biodegradable materials, both from plant and animal origin, through an advanced
biofermentation process involving twenty (20) naturally-occurring microorganisms. To
enhance its efficacy as a fertilizer chelated trace elements, enzymes, growth promotant,
and other functional compounds were added to fortify the mixture.
Its chemical properties are as follows:
Total
nitrogen
2.44%
Total
magnesium
0.19%
Total phosphorus
3.74%
amino acids- adequate and balance
Total potassium
3.61%
micronutrients- adequate and balance
Total
calcium
4.46%
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
2
Bacteria and fungi for decomposition, enzyme, probiotic production, and nutrient transformation
including nitrogen fixing bacteria are some of the beneficial microorganisms that are found in
this fertilizer.
The advantages of plantmate organic fertilizer in crop production are as follows:
a. promotes nitrogen fixation as well as that of the other major elements
b. contains microorganisms that have the ability to produce natural enzymes
c. it is an excellent soil condition
d. builds up the organic matter content of the soil
The study was conducted to:
1. determine the effect of Plantmate organic fertilizer on the growth, flowering, and
cutflower yield of ten Anthurium accessions.
2. determine the best rate/s of plantmate organic fertilizer that will give optimum growth
and improve flower quality of anthurium.
3. determine the economics of using plantmate organic fertilizer in Anthuriumcutflower
production.
The study was conducted at Benguet State University, Ornamental Horticulture Research
Area La Trinidad Benguet from March 2011 to June 2011.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Description of Anthurium
Anthurium grows in many forms, mostly evergreen, bushy or climbing epiphytes with its
root that can hang from the canopy all the way to the floor. Anthurium flowers are developed
crowded in a spike on a fleshy axis, called a spadix, a characteristics of the Araceae. The flowers
on the spadix are often divided sexually with a sterile band separating male from female flowers.
This spadix can take can take on many forms (club-shaped, tapered, spiraled, and globed-shaped)
and colors (white, green, red, pink, or a combination).
The spadix is part of an inflorescence, the outer portion of which is known as the spathe.
The spathe may be sing color (yellow, green, or white) or possibly multicolored including
burgundy and red. That sometimes colorful, solitary spathe is a showy modified bract that can be
somewhat leathery in texture. Anthurium grown for the florist trade generally has highly colored
spathe and spadices (Bautista et al., 1983).
Light Requirement
Shade is necessary for the growth of the Anthurium. The degree of shading varies with
the cultivar, the age of the plant and the climate under which it is grown. The shade requirements
usually range from 60-80% of full sunlight. Insufficient shading often results in damage to leaves
and eventually death of the plant. Shaded cloth housed have the following advantages: they
provide unformed shade, plants may be planted immediately after construction, reduce bird and
insect damage to minimum, prove maximum freedom or work space and produce more flowers
per unit area (Halvey and Mayak, 1979).
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
4
Temperature Requirement
Halevy and Mayak stated that Anthurium best thrives when the temperature between 18 –
27 degrees centigrade. Low temperature causes a decrease in number of flowers produced per
plant but this offset by the development of a bigger spathe with better color intensity.
Growth Medium
Anthurium grows in a high organic, well aerated with good water retention
capability
medium, but also good drainage. A good medium is one that is able to anchor the roots and stem
so that plant will not topple over as it grows upward yet provide sufficient moisture, nutrients
and aeration of the plant. The following criteria must be considered in the selection of media:
manure, sugarcane bagasse, cane ash commonly used in commercial cultivation. Small producers
use a variety of materials, namely wood shavings, sawdust, leaf prunings, wood charcoal and
farmyard manure. Sugar cane straw or bagasse is being used in mulch (Rimando, 1981).
Irrigation
The amount and frequency of watering depends on the medium, degree of shading and
the prevailing climatic conditions in the production area. The medium should always be moist
but not very wet. Misting the plants would certainly help in keeping them healthier. The
frequency of the irrigation of flowering plant varies with soil texture; photo period, temperature,
humidity, and the mass of the plant relative to the loss of water (Bautista et al., 1983).
Fertilizer Application
Fertilizer application is one of the most important ingredients to the total recipe to grow
plants. Plant needs water, air, light, nutrition, soil and temperature all in proper volume or
amount in all stages of development (Scotts, 1996).
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
5
Local Anthurium is both organic and non-organic fertilizer users. The amount depends on
the medium used. Light conditions and cultivars for small plants or suckers used are applied to
enhance growth. Complete fertilizer such as 5-10-10 or 14-14-14 is applied to the rate on the
table spoon per gallon of water. They should be dissolved in water either sprayed or applied on
media (Rosario, 1981). She further stated that gradual fertilizer when directly applied tend to
burn and damage roots especially when the plants are not watered at once besides, the fertilizers
will be leached easily without having been fully absorbed by the roots.
Organic Fertilizers
Naturally occurring organic fertilizers include manure, slurry, worm castings, peat,
seaweed, sewage, and guano. Green manure crops are also grown to add nutrients to the soil.
Naturally occurring minerals such as mine rock phosphate, sulfate of potash and limestone are
also considered organic fertilizers.
Manufactured organic fertilizers include compost, bloodmeal, bonemeal, and seaweed
extracts. Other examples are natural enzyme, digested proteins, fishmeal, and feather meal. The
decomposing crop residue from prior years is another source of fertility. Bloodmeal contain
about 15% nitrogen, bonemeal contain about 21% phosphorus, and wood ashes contain about 7%
potassium. Mix one part bloodmeal, one part bonemeal, and two parts wood ashes and you get an
organic fertilizer supplying nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the ratio 5-6-4.
Apart from making the soil rich for more intensive crop production, organic fertilization
offers the following benefits:
1. Improves the physical structure of the soil. Cultivation becomes easier because soil
rich in organic matter is soft and easily crumbles. The soil does not become compacted;
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
6
2. Improves soil tilt, aeration and water holding capacity; the soil does not dry out easily;
3. Compost helps suppress weeds that compete with crops for moisture, nutrients, space,
and light.
4. The population of beneficial microbes in compost helps improve soil fertility through
nitrogen fixation;
5. Chemical compounds and enzymes produced by soil microbes support plant growth
and development;
6. Organic matter contains macro, micro, and trace elements essential for plant growth
and development;
7. Organic matter also contains hormones, auxins and antibiotics that benefits plants;
8. Organic fertilizer improves plant vigor and yield, sweetness and color of fruits,
vegetables and flowers;
9. Antibiotics produced by soil microbes provide plants with additional resistance to
attacking pests and diseases
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
7
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials
There were thirty (30) sample plants each from each of the ten (10) BSU Anthurium
Accessions and the Plantmate organic fertilizer were used in the study.
Methods
The treatments were arranged in factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)
with 3 replications per treatment.
Cultural management such as watering, fertilizer application, and other
management/operations were done uniformly and regularly to all sample plants to ensure good
growth and yield.
The treatments were as follows:
Factor A: Anthurium accessions
1. BSU #1
6. BSU #9
2. BSU #2
7. BSU #14
3. BSU #5
8. BSU #16
4. BSU #6
9. BSU #19
5. BSU #7
10. BSU #21
Factor B: Rate of Plantmate Application (g/10”pot)
T1-
control
T5-
200
T2-
50
T3-
100
T4-
150
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
8
Data Gathered
A. Vegetative Growth
1. Initial and final height of the plant (cm). Initial height of plant was measured at
transplanting date and the final height at the termination of observations.
2. Number of leaves per plant at transplanting and at flowering. Number of leaves per
plant were counted at planting and flowering (75% anthesis) of the second flower.
B. Yield
1. Number of cut flowers produced per plant. Number of cut flowers will be counted
from the start up to the termination of the study.
C. Reproductive Growth
1. Days from harvesting of the first flower to flower bud formation (1cm bud size) of the
second flower.
2. Days from flower bud formation to harvesting stage (3/4 maturity)
D. Cutflower Quality
1. Flower size (cm). The length and width of the spathe of the cutflowers harvested were
measured and were classified as follows:
Grade
Classification
Length and Width of Spathe (cm)
Miniature
less
than
7.62
Small
7.63-10.16
Medium 10.17-12.20
Large
12.18-15.00
Extra
large
more
than
15.00
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
9
2. Stem length of the cutflower at harvest (cm)This was measured at ¾ maturity of the
cutflowers.
3. Vaselife- (days) Basal end of the cutflowers were cut in a slanting manner and the
number of days was counted from holding of the cutflowers in the vase to the onset of the
senescence using350 ml. tap water only under ambient condition. There were 3 replications used
per treatment with 2 samples in each replication.
E. Occurrence of Insect Pests and Diseases
Observation of insect pest infestation and symptoms of diseases were recorded for the
duration of the study.
F. Documentation
The study was documented through pictures (Figures 1 to 12).
E. Cost and Return Analysis.
This was obtained by recording all the expenses incurred in the different rate of plantmate
application in anthuriumcutflower production and gross receipt using this formula:
ROI= Gross-Expenses x100
expenses
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
10
Figure 1. Overview of the experimental area
Figure 2. Overview of the experimental area
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
11
Figure 3. Overview of Anthurium accession BSU# 1
Figure 4. Overview of Anthurium accession BSU# 2
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
12
Figure 5. Overview of Anthurium accession BSU# 5
Figure 6. Overview of Anthurium accession BSU# 6
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
13
Figure 7. Overview of Anthurium accession BSU# 7
Figure 8. Overview of Anthurium accession BSU# 9
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
14
Figure 9. Overview of Anthurium accession BSU# 14
Figure 10. Overview of Anthurium accession BSU# 16
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
15
Figure 11. Overview of Anthurium accession BSU# 19
Figure 12. Overview of Anthurium accession BSU# 21
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
16
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Final Height at Harvesting Stage
Effect of variety. Table 1 show that there were no significant differences on the final
height at harvesting stage as affected by different anthurium accessions. However, two varieties
BSU#19 and BSU #21 were shorter than the other varieties because of their natural inherent
characteristics.
Effect of rate of plantmate application. Similarly, Table 1 shows that there were no
significant differences on the final height at harvesting stage of anthuriumcutflower production
as affected by different rate of plantmate application.
Interaction effect. Table 1 shows that there were no significant differences on the final
height at harvesting stage obtained asa affected by the 10 anthurium accessions grown and the
different rate of plantmate application.
Number of leaves per Plant at
Flowering (75% Maturity)
Effect of variety.Table 2 show that there were no significant differences obtained on the
number of leaves per plant at flowering as affected different anthurium accessions. The leaf
count ranges from 4.07 to 5.20 leaves per plant at flowering.
Effect of rate of plantmate application. Results show that there were no significant
differences obtained on the number of leaves at flowering as affected by the different rates of
plantmate application.
Interaction effect. Interaction effects between the different varieties and different rate rates of
plantmate application on the number of leaves were not significant.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
17
Table 1. Final height of the plant at flowering
TREATMENT
FINAL HEIGHT (cm)
______________________________________________________________________________
Variety
BSU# 1
36.93a
BSU# 2
36.20a
BSU# 5
38.07a
BSU# 6
37.67a
BSU# 7
37.47a
BSU# 9
37.53a
BSU# 14
38.40a
BSU# 16
37.47a
BSU# 19
30.53b
BSU# 21
29.67b
Rate of Plantmate Application (g/pot)
0 (control)
35.77a
50
36.03a
100
36.27a
150
36.08a
200
35.70a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Number of Days From Harvesting of the First Flower to
Flower Bud Formation of the Second Flower (1cm Bud Size)
Effect of variety. Table 3 show that there were no significant differences on the number
of days from harvesting of the first flower to flower bud formation of the second flower as
affected by variety grown; the mean ranges from 49.47 to 51.07 days.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
18
Table 2. Number of leaves per plant at flowering stage
TREATMENT
NUMBER OF LEAVES
______________________________________________________________________________
Variety
BSU# 1
4.73a
BSU# 2
4.27a
BSU# 5
5.07a
BSU# 6
4.87a
BSU# 7
4.60a
BSU# 9
4.87a
BSU# 14
5.20a
BSU# 16
4.93a
BSU# 19
4.80a
BSU# 21
5.07a
Rate of Plantmate Application (g/pot)
0 (control)
4.73a
50
4.87a
100
4.97a
150
5.13a
200
4.90a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Effect of rate of plantmate application. Results show that there were no significant
differences on the number of days from harvesting of the first flower to flower bud formation of
the second flower as affected by different rates of plantmate applied.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
19
Interaction effect. Interaction effect on the number of days from harvesting of the first
flower to flower bud formation of the second flower as affected by different anthurium accession
and different rate of plantmate application were likewise not significant.
Table 3.days to flower bud formation
TREATMENT
MEAN
______________________________________________________________________________
Variety
BSU# 1
49.47a
BSU# 2
51.00a
BSU# 5
50.00a
BSU# 6
51.00a
BSU# 7
50.00a
BSU# 9
51.00a
BSU# 14
51.00a
BSU# 16
50.00a
BSU# 19
50.00a
BSU# 21
51.07a
Rate of Plantmate Application (g/pot)
0 (control)
51.13a
50
51.20a
100
50.37a
150
50.07a
200
50.43a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
20
Number of Days from Flower Bud
Formation to Harvesting Stage
Effect of variety.Table 4 show that there were no significant differences on the number of
days from flower bud formation to harvesting stage. Mean ranges from 48.80 to 52.60 days.
Effect of rates of plantmate application.Effects of different rate of plantmate application
likewise show that there were no significant differences on the number of days from flower bud
formatiob to harvesting stage.
Interaction
effect. Interaction effect on the number of days from flower bud formation to
harvesting stage as affected by different anthurium accessions and different rate of plantmate
application were not significant.
Length and Width of the Spathe
Effect of variety. Statistical analysis shows that there were no significant differences on
the length and width of the spathe of the cutflower at harvest as affected by the variety of
Anthurium grown. Length of the spathe ranges from 9.67 to 13.17 cm; while spathe width ranges
from 9.83 to 13.47 cm at ¾ maturty.
Effect of rate of plantmate application. Results show that there were no significant
differences on the length and width of the spathe as affected by different rates of plantmate
application.
Interaction
effect. There were no significant interaction effect between the 10 anthurium
accession and different rates of plantmate application on the length and width of the spathe at ¾
maturity.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
21
Table 4.number of days from flower bud formation to harvesting stage
TREATMENT
MEAN
___________________________________________________________________ (Days)_____
Variety
BSU# 1
52.60a
BSU# 2
53.00a
BSU# 5
53.20a
BSU# 6
51.20a
BSU# 7
51.20a
BSU# 9
51.60a
BSU# 14
50.40a
BSU# 16
51.40a
BSU #19
49.40a
BSU# 21
48.80a
Rate of Plantmate Application (g/pot)
0 (control)
52a
50
51.20a
100
51.60a
150
50.70a
200
50.70a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Stem Length of Cutflower (cm)
Effect of variety. No significant differences found on the stem length of cut flowers of the
ten Anthurium Accessions as affected by variety. However, two varieties which are BSU#19 and
BSU #21 were shorter than the other varieties because of their natural characteristics.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
22
Table 5. Length and width of the spathe
TREATMENT LENGTH
WIDTH GRADE
CLASSIFICATION
(cm)
(cm)
______________________________________________________________________________
Variety
BSU# 1
9.83a
9.67 a
Small
BSU# 2
9.93 a
9.93 a
Small
BSU# 5 12.07 a 11.73 a
Medium
BSU# 6
9.60 a
9.53 a
Small
BSU# 7 10.03 a
9.87 a
Small
BSU# 9 12.37 a 12.20 a
Large
BSU# 14 13.47 a 13.17 a
Large
BSU# 16 12.67 a 12.40 a
Large
BSU# 19
8.10 a
7.67 a
Small
BSU# 21 7.27 a
6.67 a
Miniature
Rate of Plantmate Application (g/pot)
0 (control)
9.90 a 10.18 a
Small
50
10.18 a 10.33 a
Medium
100
10.37 a 10.55 a
Medium
150
10.45 a 10.82 a
Medium
200
10.52a 10.78a
Medium
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
23
The variety with the longest stem length was BSU# 1 with a mean of 39.53 cm while the
shortest was BSU# 21 with a mean of 30.60 cm.
Effect of rates of plantmate application. Highly significant differences were observed on
the stem length of the cutflowers as affected by different rates of plantmate application. Result
show that plants applied with 150 grams of plantmate organic fertilizer obtained the longest stem
length of 38.20 cm while the shortest was 36.53 cm that was measured from the control plants
(without plantmate).
Interaction
effect. Highly significant differences were observed on stem length as
affected by different rates of plantmate application of different Anthurium accessions. Figure 13
show that plants treated with 150g of plantmate had the longest stem length of 38.20 cm while
plants treated with control had the lowest stem length of 36.53 cm. On the other hand Figure 14
shows the effect of different rates of plantmate application on the ten (10) varieties used. BSU #5
obtained the tallest stem length with a mean of 40.23 followed by BSU #9 and BSU #16 with a
mean of 39.83. BSU #19 and BSU #21 had the shortest stem length with a mean of 31.27 and
31.07.
Vaselife (days)
Effect of variety.Vaselife on the Anthuriumcutflowers produced as affected by different
varieties had no significant differences. However, the variety with the longest vaselife was BSU#
14 with a total of 32.20 days.
Effect of rates of plantmate application. There were no significant differences on the vase
life of Anthurium as affected by different rate of plantmate application. Vase life ranges from
30.93 days to 31.40 days from holding of the cutflower using tap water only as the holding
solution.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
24
Table 6. Stem length of cutflower
TREATMENT
STEM LENGTH (cm)
______________________________________________________________________________
Variety
BSU# 1
39.80a
BSU# 2
38.70a
BSU# 5
40.23a
BSU# 6
39.63a
BSU# 7
39.60a
BSU# 9
39.83a
BSU# 14
39.23a
BSU# 16
39.83a
BSU# 19
31.27b
BSU# 21
31.07b
Rate of Plantmate Application (g/pot)
0 (control)
37.65bc
50
37.98ab
100
37.68bc
150
38.42a
200
37.87a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Number of Cutflowers Produced Per Plant
Effect of variety. The number of cutflowers produced per plant in anthurium as affected
by different varieties had no significant differences. However, BSU# 5 had the highest mean
with 2.47 cutflowers while the lowest were harvested from BSU# 21, 16,14,9 and 7 having the
same mean of 2.13 flowers per plant.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
25
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a
b
35
varieties
b
BSU# 1
b
b
b b
b
b
b
30
b
BSU# 2
)
BSU# 5
25
BSU# 6
Length (cm 20
BSU# 7
Stem
BSU# 9
15
BSU# 14
10
BSU# 16
BSU# 19
5
BSU# 21
0
0
50
100
150
200
Rate of plantmate
of plantm
application (g/pot)
Figure 13. Stem length of cutflower at harvest (1st harvest)
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
26
45
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a a
a
40
a
a a a
a a a
a
a
a a
a
a
a a
a a
a a a a a a a a
a
a
a
a
a a a
35
b
varieties
b
b
b
b
b
)
b
b
b
BSU #1
) 30
b
BSU #2
25
BSU #5
Length (cm 20
BSU #6
BSU #7
Stem 15
BSU #9
10
BSU #14
BSU #16
5
BSU #19
0
BSU #21
0
50
100
150
200
Rate of plantmate
of plantm
application (g/pot)
Figure 14. Stem length of cutflower at harvest (2st harvest)
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
27
Table 7.Vaselife of cutflowers at harvest.
TREATMENT VASE
LIFE
(days)
____________________________________________________________________________
Variety
BSU# 1
31.20a
BSU# 2
30.60a
BSU# 5
32.07a
BSU# 6
30.47a
BSU# 7
30.40a
BSU# 9
30.73a
BSU# 14
32.20a
BSU# 16
32.00a
BSU# 19
31.20a
BSU#
21
30.40a
Rate of Plantmate Application (g/pot)
0 (control)
31.20a
50
30.93a
100
31.23a
150
31.37a
200
31.40a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Effect of rates of plantmate application. There were no significant differences on the
number of cut flowers as affected by different rates of plantmate application. Number of cut
flowers ranges from 2.33 to 2.167 per plant for the duration of the study.
Interaction effect. Interaction effects between 10 anthurium accessions and different rate
of plantmate application on the number of cutflowers produced per plant were not significant.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
28
Table 8. Number of cutflowers produced per plant
TREATMENT
MEAN
______________________________________________________________________________
Variety
BSU# 1
2.27a
BSU# 2
2.20a
BSU# 5
2.47a
BSU# 6
2.27a
BSU# 7
2.33a
BSU# 9
2.13a
BSU# 14
2.13a
BSU# 16
2.13a
BSU# 19
2.27a
BSU#
21
2.13a
Rate of Plantmate Application (g/pot)
0 (control)
2.17a
50
2.20a
100
2.27a
150
2.33a
200
2.20a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Cost and Return Analysis
Table 8 shows that plants applied with 50g plantmate per pot obtained the highest return
on investment with 91.32%. Cutflowers produced in this treatment were classified as medium
grade with a retail price of Php90.00 per dozen. The plants applied with 100g plantmate per pot
obtained the second highest with an ROI of 75.51% followed by those treated with 150g and
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
29
200g plantmate per pot with an ROI of 67.40% and 47.10% respectively. On the other hand, the
control plants obtained the lowest profit with only 32.73% return on investment.
Table 8a. Cost and return analysis
TREATMENT MARKETABLE GROSS
EXPENSES NET PROFIT ROI RANK
YIELD (Doz.) SALE (Php) (Php)
(Php)
(%)
BSU #1
0
0.50
30.00
24.63
5.37
21.80 21
50
0.50
30.00
26.92
3.10
11.52 25
100
0.58
35.00
29.21
5.79
19.82 23
150
0.58
35.00
31.49
3.51
11.15 27
200
0.67
40.00
33.78
6.22
18.41 24
BSU #2
0
0.58
35.00
24.63
10.37
42.10 15
50
0.50
30.00
26.92
3.10
11.52 25
100
0.50
30.00
29.21
0.79
2.71 22
150
0.67
40.00
31.49
8.51
27.04 19
200
0.50
30.00
33.78
-3.78 -11.19 30
BSU #5
0
0.50
45.00
24.63
20.37
82.70 10
50
0.58
52.50
26.92
25.58
95.02 9
100
0.75
67.50
29.21
38.29 131.09 5
150
0.58
52.50
31.49
21.01
66.72 13
200
0.67
60.00
33.78
26.22
77.61 12
BSU #6
0
0.50
30.00
24.63
5.37
21.80 21
50
0.58
35.00
26.92
8.08
30.02 18
100
0.58
35.00
29.21
5.79
19.82 23
150
0.67
40.00
31.49
8.51
27.02 20
200
0.50
30.00
33.78
-3.78 -11.19 30
BSU #7
0
0.67
40.00
24.63
15.37
62.40 14
50
0.50
30.00
26.92
3.08
11.44 26
100
0.67
40.00
29.21
10.79
36.94 16
150
0.50
30.00
31.49
-1.49
-4.73 29
200
0.58
35.00
33.78
1.22
3.61 28
BSU #9
0
0.50
60.00
24.63
35.37 143.60 3
50
0.50
60.00
26.92
33.08 122.88 6
100
0.58
70.00
29.21
40.79 139.64 4
150
0.58
70.00
31.49
38.51 122.29 7
200
0.50
60.00
33.78
26.22
77.62 11
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
30
Table 8a.continued…
BSU #14
0
0.50
60.00
24.63
35.37 143.61 2
50
0.58 70.00
26.92
43.08 160.03 1
100
0.50 60.00
29.21
30.79 105.40 8
150
0.58 70.00
31.49
38.51 122.29 7
200
0.50 60.00
33.78
26.22 77.62 11
BSU #16
0
0.50 60.00
24.63
35.37 143.61 2
50
0.50 60.00
26.92
33.08 122.88 6
100
0.58 70.00
29.21
40.79 139.64 4
150
0.58 70.00
31.49
38.51 122.29 7
200
0.50 60.00
33.78
26.22 77.61 12
BSU #19
0
0.58 35.00
24.63
10.37 42.10 15
50
0.50 30.00
26.92
3.08 11.44 26
100
0.58 35.00
29.21
5.79 19.82 23
150
0.58 35.00
31.49
3.51 11.15 27
200
0.58 35.00
33.78
1.22 3.61 28
BSU #21
0
0.50 30.00
24.63
5.37
21.80 21
50
0.58 35.00
26.92
8.08
30.73 17
100
0.58 35.00
29.21
5.79
19.82 23
150
0.50 30.00
31.49
-1.49
-4.73 29
200
0.50 30.00
33.78
-3.78 -11.19 30
Retail prices: small = Php 60.00/dozen, Medium = Php 90.00/dozen. Large = Php 110.00/dozen
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
31
Table 8b. Cost of production
INPUTS
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT PRICE
TOTAL (Php)
______________________________________________________________________________
1. Fertilizer
a. Plantmate 25
kg
9.15/kg
230
organic
fertilizer
2. Material
a. PEP bag
150
piece/s
0.63/piece
94.50
3. Labor
a. weeding,
60
hours
20/hour
1,200
watering,
and other cultural
management
______________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL Php
1,524.50
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
32
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND ROCOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted at Benguet State University, Ornamental Horticulture Research
Area La Trinidad Benguet from May 2011 to November 2011. To determine the growth,
flowering and yield of ten anthurium accessions as affected by different rate of plantmate organic
fertilizer.
Results show that there were no significant differences noted on the duration of the
flowering and flower development, final height at flowering and harvesting and size of spathe.
Only the stem lengths of cutflowers at harvest were significantly longer in the plants aplliedwith
150g/pot of plantmate organic fertilizer.
Cost and return analysis also revealed good Return on Investment (ROI) in BSU #5
treated with 150g plantmate per pot which obtained the highest ROI of 114.35.
Conclusion
Based on the results, it is concluded that application of 150 grams of plantmate organic
fertilizer on anthurium plants had improved the flowering and yield compared to that of the other
rates of plantmate application. It is also concluded that BSU #5 plants applied with 150g
plantmate per pot obtained the highest return on investment with 114.35%. Cutflowers produced
in this treatment were classified as medium grade with a retail price of Php90.00 per dozen.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
33
Recommendation
Based on the findings of the study, application of 150 grams of plantmate organic
fertilizer should be used in anthuriumcutflower production. It is also recommended further that
the 3 varieties which are BSU #5, BSU #14 and BSU #16 should be grown to obtain higher
quality of anthuriumcutflowers with bigger spathe that commands higher price in the market that
result to higher return on investment (ROI).
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
34
LITERATURE CITED
BAUTISTA, O.K., H.V. VALMAYOR, P.C. TABORA, R.R.G. ESPINO and J.S.
SANGALANG. 1983. Introduction to Tropical Horticulture. University of the Philippines
Los Baños, Laguna Pp. 295-298.
HALVEY, A.H., and S. MAYAK, 1979. Senescence and Postharvest Physiology of Cutflowers.
Horticulture rev. 3:284-295.
RIMANDO, T.K., 1981. Postharvest Physiology and Handling of Cutflower.A Paper Presented
to the Second Professional Lecture in Ornamental Horticulture UPLB Collage, Laguna.
35pp.
ROSARIO, T.K., 1981. Varietal Evaluation of AnthuriumAndreanum Lind. Philippine
Agriculture
64(2):
191-192.
SCOTTS, C. 1996. Growing Medium and Fertilization Regime: Influence Growth and Essential
Oil Content of Rosemary. 26:91.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
35
APPENDICES
Appendix Table 1. Final height of the plant at harvesting stage (cm)
TREATMENT REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I II
III
______________________________________________________________________________
V1 T1
40
38
32
110
36.67
T2
39
41
32
112
37.33
T3
38
32
42
112
37.33
T4
36
42
32
110
36.67
T5
38
37
35
110
36.67
V2 T1
35
36
36
108
36.00
T2
36
36
35
107
35.67
T3
35
38
36
109
36.33
T4
33
40
39
112
37.33
T5
36
36
35
107
35.66
V3 T1
37
44
35
113
37.67
T2
38
42
37
117
39.00
T3
38
39
38
115
38.33
T4
37
36
38
111
37.00
T5
38
36
38
112
37.33
V4 T1
35
35
43
113
37.67
T2
36
38
36
110
36.67
T3
40
38
39
117
39.00
T4
36
39
39
114
38.00
T5
37
37
37
111
37.00
V5 T1
35
36
37
108
36.00
T2
42
34
37
112
37.33
T3
40
37
38
115
38.33
T4
38
38
38
114
38.00
T5
36
39
37
112
37.33
V6 T1
38
35
40
113
37.67
T2
33
35
41
109
36.33
T3
37
42
34
113
37.67
T4
38
34
44
116
38.67
T5
40
31
41
112
37.33
V7 T1
35
40
40
115
38.33
T2
35
41
40
116
38.67
T3
44
34
36
114
38.00
T4
35
35
45
115
38.33
T5
39
36
41
116
38.67
V8 T1
37
37
39
113
37.67
T2
38
36
41
115
38.33
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
36
Appendix Table 1.continued…
T3
30
37
45
112
37.33
T4
30
43
36
109
36.33
T5
36
31
42
109
36.33
V9 T1
29
29
32
91
30.00
T2
30
32
32
94
31.33
T3
32
27 29 88 29.33
T4
32
33 30 95 31.67
T5
29
29 32 90 30.00
V10 T1 27
29
30
86
28.67
T2
32
28
28
88
29.33
T3
32
30 31 93 31.00
T4
29
30 27 86 28.67
T5
32
30 30 92 30.67
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES OF
SUM OF MEAN OF COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
______________________________________________________________________________
Replication
2
27.213
13.607
1.2714
1.48 1.74
Factor A
9
1344.700 149.411 13.9612**
1.98 2.59
Factor B
4
6.467
1.617
0.1511
2.46 3.52
AB
36
73.667
2.046
0.1912
1.54 1.83
Error
98
1048.787 10.702
______________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 149
2500.833
**-Highly significant
Coefficient of variation 9.10%
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
37
Appendix table 2. Number of leaves per plant at harvesting stage ( ¾ maturity)
TREATMENT REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I II
III
______________________________________________________________________________
V1 T1
5 5 5 15
5.00
T2
4 3 6 13
4.33
T3
5
5 5 15
5.00
T4
5
4 6 15
5.00
T5
5
4 4 13
4.33
V2 T1
6
4
5
15
5.00
T2
5 5 5 15
5.00
T3
5
4 6 15
5.00
T4
5
5 6 16
5.33
T5
5
5 5 15
5.00
V3 T1
5 5 4 14
4.67
T2
6 6 4 16
5.33
T3
4
6 6 16
5.33
T4
5
5 6 16
5.33
T5
5
5 6 16
5.33
V4 T1
5 5 5 15
5.00
T2
5 5 4 14
4.67
T3
5
4 6 15
5.00
T4
5
5 5 15
5.00
T5
4
5 5 14
4.67
V5 T1
4 5 4 13
4.33
T2
5 4 6 15
5.00
T3
5
4 4 13
4.33
T4
4
5 6 15
5.00
T5
5
5 3 13
4.33
V6 T1
5 5 4 14
4.67
T2
6 4 4 14
4.67
T3
5
5 5 15
5.00
T4
5
6 4 15
5.00
T5
5
5 5 15
5.00
V7 T1
5 4 6 14
4.67
T2
5 4 6 15
5.00
T3
5
5 6 16
5.33
T4
5
5 5 16
5.33
T5
5
5 5 15
5.00
V8 T1
4 4 4 13
4.33
T2
5 6 5 15
5.00
T3
6
5 6 16
5.33
T4
4
5 5 15
5.00
T5
4
6 5 15
5.00
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
38
Appendix table 2. continued…
V9 T1
6 5 3 14
4.67
T2
5 5 5 15
5.00
T3
5
5 3 13
4.33
T4
5
4 6 15
5.00
T5
5
5 5 15
5.00
V10 T1 5 5 5 15
5.00
T2
5 3 6 14
4.67
T3
5
5 5 15
5.00
T4
5
5 6 16
5.33
T5
6
6 4 16
5.33
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES OF
SUM OF MEAN OF COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARE SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
______________________________________________________________________________
Replication
2 1.120
0.560
0.8636
1.48
1.74
Factor
A 9 4.507
0.501
0.7722
1.98
2.59
Factor
B 4 2.573
0.643
0.9921
2.46
3.52
AB
36
7.293
0.203
0.3124
1.54
1.83
Error
98
63.547
0.648
______________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
149
79.040
ns- not significant
Coefficient of variation= 16.37%
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
39
Appendix table 3. Days from harvesting of first flower to flower bud formation of second flower
(1cm bud size)
TREATMENT REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I II
III
______________________________________________________________________________
V1 T1
55
44
50
149
49.67
T2
49
53
51
153
51.00
T3
45
49
53
147
49.00
T4
47
48
51
146
48.67
T5
50
50
47
147
49.00
V2 T1
51
53
51
155
51.67
T2
49
55
51
155
51.67
T3
50
50
54
154
51.33
T4
49
50
51
150
50.00
T5
54
49
48
151
50.33
V3 T1
47
55
48
150
50.00
T2
51
50
51
152
50.67
T3
53
48
51
152
50.67
T4
50
47
49
146
48.67
T5
49
52
49
150
50.00
V4 T1
55
49
51
155
51.67
T2
51
50
53
144
51.33
T3
49
50 50 159
49.67
T4
49
49
55
153
51.00
T5
48
52
54
154
51.33
V5 T1
55
53
46
154
51.33
T2
55
55
45
155
50.33
T3
47
55
49
151
51.67
T4
49
52
50
151
50.33
T5
55
50
48
153
50.33
V6 T1
49
55
53
157
51.00
T2
55
51
48
154
52.33
T3
48
53
52
154
51.33
T4
52
52
49
153
51.33
T5
51
50
49
150
51.00
V7 T1
53
53
50
156
50.00
T2
47
53
55
155
52.00
T3
55
50
47
152
51.67
T4
49
52
50
151
50.33
T5
52
51
50
153
51.00
V8 T1
51
53
49
153
51.00
T2
55
46
52
153
51.00
T3
47
53
50
150
50.00
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
40
Appendix table 3. continued…
T4
48
51
50
149
49.67
T5
51
46
54
151
50.33
V9 T1
49
51
51
151
50.33
T2
49
50
53
152
50.67
T3
53
50
47
150
50.00
T4
51
49
50
150
50.00
T5
54
48
49
151
50.00
V10 T1 55
48
51
154
51.33
T2
49
49
55
153
51.00
T3
51
51
51
153
51.00
T4
45
53
55
153
51.00
T5
48
52
53
153
51.00
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES OF
SUM OF MEAN OF COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARE SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
______________________________________________________________________________
Replication
2
1.080
0.540
0.0591
1.48 1.74
Factor A
9
44.960
4.996
0.5466
1.98 2.59
Factor B
4
30.093
7.523
7.523
2.46 3.52
AB
34
26.840
0.746
0.8232
1.54
1.83
Error
98
895.587
9.139
9.139
______________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 149
998.560
ns-not
significant
Coefficient of variation= 5.97%
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
41
Appendix table 4. Days from flower bud formation to harvesting (3/4 maturity)
TREATMENT REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I II
III
______________________________________________________________________________
V1 T1
50
50
53
153
51.00
T2
50
53
53
156
52.00
T3
53
53
56
162
54.00
T4
53
50
56
159
53.00
T5
53
53
53
159
53.00
V2 T1
56
53
53
162
54.00
T2
50
50
56
156
52.00
T3
53
56
53
159
53.00
T4
56
53
53
159
53.00
T5
50
56
47
153
51.00
V3 T1
56
56
50
162
54.00
T2
56
56
56
168
56.00
T3
56
53
53
162
54.00
T4
47
56
53
156
52.00
T5
50
50
50
150
50.00
V4 T1
50
50
56
156
52.00
T2
50
50
53
153
51.00
T3
47
53
56
156
52.00
T4
50
50
50
150
50.00
T5
47
50
56
153
51.00
V5 T1
53
53
53
159
53.00
T2
57
53
53
153
51.00
T3
53
50
50
153
51.00
T4
56
47
50
153
51.00
T5
53
50
53
156
52.00
V6 T1
56
53
47
156
52.00
T2
50
50
50
150
50.00
T3
47
50
53
150
50.00
T4
56
47
47
150
50.00
T5
50
50
50
150
50.00
V7 T1
50
50
56
156
52.00
T2
56
50
50
156
52.00
T3
53
50
50
153
51.00
T4
56
47
50
153
51.00
T5
47
53
53
153
51.00
V8 T1
53
53
56
159
53.00
T2
50
50
50
150
50.00
T3
50
50
50
153
51.00
T4
50
50
47
147
49.00
T5
50
50
53
153
53.00
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
42
Appendix table 4. continued…
V9 T1
47
50
50
147
49.00
T2
50
47
50
147
49.00
T3
50
50
53
147
49.00
T4
50
47
50
147
49.00
T5
50
47
50
147
49.00
V10 T1 47
50
50
147
49.00
T2
47
50
50
147
49.00
T3
50
50
47
147
49.00
T4
50
47
47
144
48.00
T5
47
50
50
147
49.00
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES OF
SUM OF MEAN OF COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARE SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
______________________________________________________________________________
Replication
2
15.960
7.980
1.1500
1.48 1.74
Factor A
9
287.760 31.973
4.6077**
1.98 2.59
Factor B
4
38.760
9.690
1.3964
2.46 3.52
AB
36
150.840 4.190
0.6038
1.54 1.83
Error
98
680.040 6.939
______________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 149
1173.360
**-Highly
significant
Coefficient of variation= 5.14%
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
43
Appendix table 5. Length of spathe (cm) at harvesting (3/4 maturity)
TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
______________________________________________________________________________
V1 T1
8.00
9.50
10.50
28.00
9.33
T2
10.00
9.00
11.00
30.00
10.00
T3
10.00
8.00
12.00
30.00
10.00
T4
8.00
11.00
8.00
27.00
9.00
T5
10.00
12.00
8.00
30.00
10.00
V2 T1
10.00
12.00
8.00
30.00
10.00
T2
8.00
8.00
11.00
27.00
9.00
T3
9.00
10.00
12.00
31.00
10.33
T4
8.00
10.00
12.50
30.50
10.17
T5
10.50
8.00
12.00
30.50
10.17
V3 T1
8.00
12.00
12.00
32.00
10.67
T2
12.00
14.00
10.00
36.00
12.00
T3
12.00
12.00
12.00
36.00
12.00
T4
13.00
10.00
13.00
36.00
12.00
T5
13.00
11.00
12.00
36.00
12.00
V4 T1
9.00
10.00
9.00
28.00
9.33
T2
9.00
9.00
9.00
27.00
9.00
T3
12.00
9.00
8.00
29.00
9.67
T4
10.00
10.00
10.00
28.00
9.33
T5
10.00
10.00
9.00
27.00
9.00
V5 T1
10.00
9.00
10.00
29.00
9.67
T2
10.00
10.00
10.00
30.00
10.00
T3
10.00
9.00
9.00
28.00
9.33
T4
10.00
12.00
9.00
31.00
10.33
T5
12.00
9.00
9.00
30.00
10.00
V6 T1
9.00
13.00
11.00
33.00
11.00
T2
11.00
14.00
9.50
34.50
11.50
T3
14.00
11.50
14.00
39.50
13.17
T4
11.00
13.00
14.00
38.00
12.67
T5
13.00
13.00
12.00
38.00
12.67
V7 T1
11.00
12.00
11.00
34.00
11.33
T2
14.00
12.00
16.00
39.00
13.00
T3
14.00
12.00
12.00
38.00
12.67
T4
12.00
13.00
11.00
36.00
12.00
T5
13.00
12.00
14.00
39.00
13.00
V8 T1
12.00
15.00
13.00
40.00
13.33
T2
15.00
12.00
13.00
40.00
13.33
T3
12.00
13.00
12.50
37.50
12.50
T4
14.00
14.00
13.00
41.00
13.67
T5
12.00
13.00
14.00
39.00
13.00
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
44
Appendix table 5. continued…
V9 T1
9.00
7.00
7.00
23.00
7.67
T2
8.00
7.00
7.00
22.00
7.33
T3
7.00
8.00
8.00
23.00
7.33
T4
8.00
8.00
8.00
24.00
8.00
T5
8.00
7.00
8.00
23.00
7.33
V10 T1 6.00
7.00
7.00
20.00
6.67
T2
7.00
6.00
7.00
20.00
6.67
T3
6.00
6.00
7.00
19.00
6.33
T4
7.00
6.00
7.00
20.00
6.67
T5
7.00
7.00
7.00
21.00
7.00
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES OF
SUM OF MEAN OF COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARE SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
______________________________________________________________________________
Replication
2
0.223
0.112
0.0645
1.48 1.74
Factor A
9
596.042
66.227 38.2281**
1.98 2.59
Factor B
4
7.383
1.846 1.0655
2.46 3.52
AB
36
26.283
0.730
0.4214
1.54 1.83
Error
98
169.777 1.732
______________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
149
799.708
**-Highly
significant
Coefficient of variation= 12.80%
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
45
Appendix table 6. Width of spathe (cm) at harvesting (3/4 maturity)
TREATMENT REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I II
III
______________________________________________________________________________
V1 T1
7.50
10.50
10.50
28.50
9.50
T2
9.50
8.00
13.00
30.50
10.17
T3
9.50
10.00
11.00
30.50
10.17
T4
10.00
10.50
8.00
28.50
9.50
T5
9.00
13.00
7.50
29.50
9.83
V2 T1
9.00
12.00
9.50
30.50
10.17
T2
7.50
8.00
13.00
28.50
9.50
T3
9.50
10.00
10.50
30.00
10.00
T4
8.00
9.50
12.00
29.50
9.83
T5
10.00
7.50
13.00
30.50
10.17
V3 T1
8.50
12.00
13.00
33.50
11.17
T2
12.00
15.00
9.00
36.00
12.00
T3
12.00
12.00
12.50
36.50
12.17
T4
14.00
10.50
13.00
34.50
12.50
T5
13.50
11.00
13.00
34.50
12.50
V4 T1
9.50
10.50
8.50
28.50
9.50
T2
9.50
9.00
9.50
28.00
9.33
T3
11.00
10.00
8.50
29.50
9.83
T4
9.00
9.00
12.00
30.00
10.00
T5
10.00
8.50
9.50
28.00
9.33
V5 T1
11.00
8.00
10.50
29.50
9.83
T2
9.00
11.00
10.00
30.00
10.00
T3
10.00
9.50
9.00
28.50
9.50
T4
10.00
11.00
10.50
31.50
10.50
T5
12.00
10.00
9.00
31.00
10.33
V6 T1
9.50
13.50
11.00
34.00
11.33
T2
12.50
15.50
7.50
35.50
11.83
T3
12.00
12.00
11.00
35.50
11.83
T4
12.00
14.00
15.00
41.00
13.67
T5
17.00
11.00
11.50
39.50
13.17
V7 T1
10.50
12.50
13.00
35.50
11.83
T2
12.00
13.00
11.00
36.00
12.00
T3
13.50
13.00
14.00
50.50
13.50
T4
11.00
15.00
11.50
37.00
12.33
T5
18.00
9.00
13.00
40.00
13.33
V8 T1
14.00
17.00
9.00
40.00
13.33
T2
18.00
9.50
13.00
40.50
13.50
T3
13.00
12.50
14.00
39.50
13.17
T4
15.00
15.50
11.00
41.50
13.83
T5
12.00
12.50
16.00
40.50
13.50
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
46
Appendix table 6. continued…
V9 T1
8.50
7.00
8.00
23.50
7.83
T2
7.50
8.00
8.00
23.50
7.83
T3
9.00
9.00
7.00
25.00
8.33
T4
7.50
8.00
9.00
24.50
8.17
T5
9.00
8.50
7.50
25.00
8.33
V10 T1 7.50
7.00
7.00
21.50
7.17
T2
7.00
6.50
8.00
21.50
7.17
T3
8.00
6.00
7.00
21.00
7.00
T4
9.00
6.00
8.00
22.00
7.33
T5
7.50
7.50
7.00
22.00
7.33
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES OF
SUM OF MEAN OF COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARE SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
______________________________________________________________________________
Replication
2
0.573
0.287 0.0735
1.48 1.74
Factor A
9
561.467 62.385 16.0007**
1.98 2.59
Factor B
4
9.167
2.292 0.5878
2.46 3.52
AB
36
20.033
0.556 0.1427
1.54 1.83
Error
98
382.093 3.899
______________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
149
973.333
**-Highly
significant
Coefficient of variation= 18.75%
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
47
Appendix table 7. Stem length of cutflower at harvest (cm)
TREATMENT REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I II
III
______________________________________________________________________________
V1 T1
40.00
42.00
42.00
124.00
41.33
T2
38.00
38.00
38.00
114.00
38.00
T3
37.00
40.00
38.00
115.00
38.33
T4
41.00
37.00
39.00
117.00
39.00
T5
40.00
41.00
42.00
123.00
41.00
V2 T1
39.00
40.00
38.00
117.00
39.00
T2
39.00
37.00
39.00
115.00
38.33
T3
40.00
39.00
39.00
118.00
39.33
T4
37.00
35.00
40.00
112.00
37.33
T5
37.00
37.50
38.00
113.50
37.83
V3 T1
39.00
42.00
38.00
119.00
39.67
T2
40.00
44.00
40.00
124.00
41.33
T3
38.00
40.00
39.00
117.00
39.00
T4
39.00
37.00
39.00
115.00
38.33
T5
39.00
37.00
40.50
116.50
38.83
V4 T1
37.00
39.00
40.00
116.00
38.67
T2
40.00
40.00
41.00
121.00
40.33
T3
39.00
39.00
37.00
115.00
38.33
T4
37.00
39.00
40.00
116.00
38.67
T5
40.00
40.00
38.00
118.00
39.33
V5 T1
40.00
43.00
40.00
123.00
41.00
T2
38.00
38.00
40.00
116.00
38.67
T3
39.00
39.00
37.00
115.00
38.33
T4
38.00
39.00
37.00
114.00
38.00
T5
39.00
38.00
39.00
116.00
38.33
V6 T1
40.00
38.00
39.00
117.00
39.00
T2
40.00
40.00
43.00
123.00
41.00
T3
40.00
40.00
39.00
119.00
39.67
T4
38.00
37.00
37.00
112.00
37.33
T5
40.00
38.00
40.00
118.00
39.33
V7 T1
37.00
40.00
41.00
118.00
39.33
T2
39.00
40.00
36.00
115.00
38.33
T3
40.00
35.00
42.00
117.00
39.00
T4
39.00
39.00
38.00
116.00
38.67
T5
38.00
40.00
37.00
115.00
38.33
V8 T1
39.00
40.00
40.00
119.00
39.67
T2
40.00
39.00
39.00
118.00
39.33
T3
39.00
38.00
38.00
115.00
38.33
T4
40.00
38.00
38.00
116.00
39.67
T5
38.00
39.00
39.00
116.00
38.67
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
48
Appendix table 7. continued…
V9 T1
36.00
33.00
35.00 104.00
34.67
T2
30.00
31.00
30.00
92.00
30.67
T3
31.00
31.00
32.00
94.00
31.33
T4
30.00
27.00
28.00
85.00
28.33
T5
30.00
27.00
30.00
87.00
29.00
V10 T1 30.00
30.00
29.00
89.00
39.67
T2
30.00
30.00
30.00
90.00
30.00
T3
28.00
31.00
33.00
92.00
30.67
T4
31.00
32.00
30.00
93.00
31.00
T5
31.00
33.00
31.00
95.00
31.67
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES OF
SUM OF MEAN OF COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARE SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
______________________________________________________________________________
Replication
2
0.630
0.315
0.1583
1.48 1.74
Factor A
9 1695.460 188.384 94.6575**
1.98 2.59
Factor B
4
43.693 10.923 5.4886**
2.46 3.52
AB
36
142.240 3.951 1.9853**
1.54 1.83
Error
98
195.037 1.990
______________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
149
2077.060
**-Highly
significant
Coefficient of variation= 3.78%
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
49
Appendix table 8. Vaselife of cutflower (days)
TREATMENT REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I II
III
______________________________________________________________________________
V1 T1
29
30
30
89
29.67
T2
30
34
30
94
31.33
T3
29
33 33 95 31.67
T4
35
30 30 95 31.67
T5
30
30 35 95 31.67
V2 T1
32
30
30
92
30.67
T2
32
27
27
86
28.67
T3
32
32 32 96 32.00
T4
31
30 32 93 31.00
T5
32
30 30 92 30.67
V3 T1
32
32
32
96
32.00
T2
35
30
32
97
32.33
T3
29
30 30 89 29.67
T4
35
35
32
102
34.00
T5
32
35 32 99 33.00
V4 T1
30
32
32
94
31.33
T2
30
30
30
90
30.00
T3
29
33 32 94 31.33
T4
31
28 30 89 29.67
T5
30
30 30 90 30.00
V5 T1
30
32
32
94
31.33
T2
32
30
30
92
30.67
T3
32
32 32 96 32.00
T4
30
30 30 90 30.00
T5
32
35 32 99 33.00
V6 T1
32
32
32
96
32.00
T2
30
32
30
92
30.67
T3
30
30 30 90 30.00
T4
30
32 32 94 31.33
T5
30
29 30 89 29.67
V7 T1
32
30
34
96
32.00
T2
30
30
35
95
31.67
T3
32
30 30 92 30.67
T4
35
33 30 98 32.67
T5
32
35
33
100
33.33
V8 T1
32
32
32
96
32.00
T2
30
30
35
95
31.67
T3
35
32 32 99 33.00
T4
35
30 33 98 32.00
T5
32
30 30 92 30.67
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
50
Appendix table 8. continued…
V9 T1
30
32
33
95
31.67
T2
32
27
33
92
30.67
T3
32
30 35 97 32.33
T4
30
32 32 94 31.33
T5
30
30 30 90 30.00
V10 T1 28
32
28
88
29.33
T2
28
35
32
95
31.67
T3
30
29 30 89 29.67
T4
29
30 29 88 29.33
T5
32
32 32 96 32.00
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES OF
SUM OF MEAN OF COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARE SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
______________________________________________________________________________
Replication
2 1.853
0.927
0.3066
1.48
1.74
Factor A
9
62.693
6.966
2.3051
1.98* 2.59
Factor B
4
4.093
1.023
0.3386
2.46 3.52
AB
36
141.507
3.931
1.3007
1.54 1.83
Error
98
296.147
3.022
______________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
149
208.293
*- significant
Coefficient of variation= 5.57%
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
51
Appendix table 9. Total number of cutflowers produced per plant
TREATMENT REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I II
III
______________________________________________________________________________
V1 T1
2 2 2 6 2.00
T2
2 2 2 6 2.00
T3
2 3 2 7 2.33
T4
2 3 2 7 2.33
T5
3 2 3 8 2.67
V2 T1
3
2
2
7
2.33
T2
2 2 2 6 2.00
T3
2 2 2 6 2.00
T4
3 2 3 8 2.67
T5
2 2 2 6 2.00
V3 T1
2 2 2 6 2.00
T2
3 3 3 9 3.00
T3
2 3 2 7 2.33
T4
2 2 3 7 2.33
T5
3 3 2 8 2.67
V4 T1
2 2 2 6 2.00
T2
2 3 2 7 2.33
T3
2 3 2 7 2.33
T4
3 3 2 8 2.67
T5
2 2 2 6 2.00
V5 T1
3 2 3 8 2.67
T2
2 2 2 6 2.00
T3
2 4 2 8 2.67
T4
2 2 2 6 2.00
T5
3 2 2 7 2.33
V6 T1
2 2 2 6 2.00
T2
2 2 2 6 2.00
T3
2 2 3 7 2.33
T4
2 3 2 7 2.33
T5
2 2 2 6 2.00
V7 T1
2 2 2 6 2.00
T2
3 2 2 7 2.33
T3
2 2 2 6 2.00
T4
2 2 3 7 2.33
T5
2 2 2 6 2.00
V8 T1
2 3 2 7 2.33
T2
2 2 2 6 2.00
T3
2 2 2 6 2.00
T4
2 2 3 7 2.33
T5
2 2 2 6 2.00
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
52
Appendix table 9. continued…
V9 T1
3 2 2 7 2.33
T2
2 2 2 6 2.00
T3
2 3 2 7 2.33
T4
2 2 3 7 2.33
T5
3 2 2 7 2.33
V10 T1 2 2 2 6 2.00
T2
2 3 2 7 2.33
T3
3 2 2 7 2.33
T4
2 2 2 6 2.00
T5
2 2 2 6 2.00
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES OF
SUM OF MEAN OF COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARE SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
______________________________________________________________________________
Replication
2
0.253
0.127
0.6506
1.48 1.74
Factor A
9
1.633
0.181
0.9321
1.98 2.59
Factor B
4
0.533
0.133
0.6848
2.46 3.52
AB
36
7.333
0.204
1.0463
1.54
1.83
Error
98
19.080
0.195
______________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
149
28.833
ns-not
significant
Coefficient of variation= 19.76%
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
ARIEL C. MAGALGALIT. APRIL 2012. Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten
Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of Plantmate Organic Fertilizer.Benguet
State University, La Trinidad Benguet.
Adviser: Araceli G. Ladilad PhD.
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted at the Ornamental Horticulture Research Area, Benguet State
University, La Trinidad Benguet from may 2011 to October 2011, to determine the growth,
flowering and yield of ten Anthurium accessions as affected by different rate of plantmate
organic fertilizer and to determine the economics of using plantmate organic fertilizer in
Anthuriumcutflower production.
Results show that there were no significant differences on plant height at flowering,
number of leaves per plant at flowering, number of days from harvesting of the first flower to
flower bud formation of the second flower, number of days from flower bud formation to
harvesting stage, length and width of the spathe and vaselife of cutflowers as affected by
different rates of plantmate organic fertilizer. However, on the stem length of cutflowers at
harvest, plants applied with 150 grams per pot of plantmate organic fertilizer produced taller
plants with longer stems compared to other plants applied with the other rates of plantmate
fertilizer. Economically, BSU #5 applied with 150g plantmate per pot obtained the highest return
on investment with 114.35%. Cutflowers produced in this treatment were classified as medium
grade with a retail price of Php90.00 per dozen.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography..…………………………………………………………………………
i
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………….. i
Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………...
ii
INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………..
1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE………………………………………………………….
3
MATERIALS AND METHODS………………………………………………………
7
RESULTS AND DISCCUSION……………………………………………………….
16
Final Height at Harvesting Stage (cm) ………………………………………...
17
Number of Leaves per Plant
at Harvesting (3/4 Maturty)……………………................................................
18
Number of Days from Harvesting
of theFirst Flower to Flower Bud
Formation of the Second Flower …………………………………………….
19
Number of Days from Flower Bud
Formation to Harvesting Stage………………………………………………..
21
Length and Width of the Spathe (cm)…………………………………………
22
Stem Length of Cut Flower at Harvest (cm)…………………………………..
24
Vaselife of Cutflower (Days)………………………………………………….
26
Number of Cutflowers Produced per Plant……………………………………
27
Cost and Return Analysis……………………………………………………..
28
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION………………………..
31
Summary……………………………………………………………………....
31
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….
31
Recommendation………………………………………………………………
32
LITERATURE CITED………………………………………………………………..
33
APPENDICES…………………………………………………………………………
34
1
INTRODUCTION
Anthurium is native of Columbia. It belongs to the family Araceae of which other
members are Dieffebachias, Caladiums, Philodendrons, Aglaonemas, and other alocacias.
It has more than 100 genera and about 1500 species, chiefly from the tropics. Anthurium
is frown for their showy spathe and spadices including their velvetly leaves.
The Anthurium flower consists of the spathe, spadix, and peduncle. The
individual or true flowers are borne on the spadix. The spadix is the candle like structure
protruding from the base of the spathe. The spathe is classified according to the
prominence of the veins. Spathes with prominent longitudal veins are called medium
veined and those with few veins are called smooth veined. Spathecomes different colors
of red, pink, orange, or white. They also vary in shape and color intensity (Rosario,
1981).
Plantmate organic fertilizer product is the result of an accelerated decomposition
of biodegradable materials, both from plant and animal origin, through an advanced
biofermentation process involving twenty (20) naturally-occurring microorganisms. To
enhance its efficacy as a fertilizer chelated trace elements, enzymes, growth promotant,
and other functional compounds were added to fortify the mixture.
Its chemical properties are as follows:
Total
nitrogen
2.44%
Total
magnesium
0.19%
Total phosphorus
3.74%
amino acids- adequate and balance
Total potassium
3.61%
micronutrients- adequate and balance
Total
calcium
4.46%
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
2
Bacteria and fungi for decomposition, enzyme, probiotic production, and nutrient transformation
including nitrogen fixing bacteria are some of the beneficial microorganisms that are found in
this fertilizer.
The advantages of plantmate organic fertilizer in crop production are as follows:
a. promotes nitrogen fixation as well as that of the other major elements
b. contains microorganisms that have the ability to produce natural enzymes
c. it is an excellent soil condition
d. builds up the organic matter content of the soil
The study was conducted to:
1. determine the effect of Plantmate organic fertilizer on the growth, flowering, and
cutflower yield of ten Anthurium accessions.
2. determine the best rate/s of plantmate organic fertilizer that will give optimum growth
and improve flower quality of anthurium.
3. determine the economics of using plantmate organic fertilizer in Anthuriumcutflower
production.
The study was conducted at Benguet State University, Ornamental Horticulture Research
Area La Trinidad Benguet from March 2011 to June 2011.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Description of Anthurium
Anthurium grows in many forms, mostly evergreen, bushy or climbing epiphytes with its
root that can hang from the canopy all the way to the floor. Anthurium flowers are developed
crowded in a spike on a fleshy axis, called a spadix, a characteristics of the Araceae. The flowers
on the spadix are often divided sexually with a sterile band separating male from female flowers.
This spadix can take can take on many forms (club-shaped, tapered, spiraled, and globed-shaped)
and colors (white, green, red, pink, or a combination).
The spadix is part of an inflorescence, the outer portion of which is known as the spathe.
The spathe may be sing color (yellow, green, or white) or possibly multicolored including
burgundy and red. That sometimes colorful, solitary spathe is a showy modified bract that can be
somewhat leathery in texture. Anthurium grown for the florist trade generally has highly colored
spathe and spadices (Bautista et al., 1983).
Light Requirement
Shade is necessary for the growth of the Anthurium. The degree of shading varies with
the cultivar, the age of the plant and the climate under which it is grown. The shade requirements
usually range from 60-80% of full sunlight. Insufficient shading often results in damage to leaves
and eventually death of the plant. Shaded cloth housed have the following advantages: they
provide unformed shade, plants may be planted immediately after construction, reduce bird and
insect damage to minimum, prove maximum freedom or work space and produce more flowers
per unit area (Halvey and Mayak, 1979).
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
4
Temperature Requirement
Halevy and Mayak stated that Anthurium best thrives when the temperature between 18 –
27 degrees centigrade. Low temperature causes a decrease in number of flowers produced per
plant but this offset by the development of a bigger spathe with better color intensity.
Growth Medium
Anthurium grows in a high organic, well aerated with good water retention
capability
medium, but also good drainage. A good medium is one that is able to anchor the roots and stem
so that plant will not topple over as it grows upward yet provide sufficient moisture, nutrients
and aeration of the plant. The following criteria must be considered in the selection of media:
manure, sugarcane bagasse, cane ash commonly used in commercial cultivation. Small producers
use a variety of materials, namely wood shavings, sawdust, leaf prunings, wood charcoal and
farmyard manure. Sugar cane straw or bagasse is being used in mulch (Rimando, 1981).
Irrigation
The amount and frequency of watering depends on the medium, degree of shading and
the prevailing climatic conditions in the production area. The medium should always be moist
but not very wet. Misting the plants would certainly help in keeping them healthier. The
frequency of the irrigation of flowering plant varies with soil texture; photo period, temperature,
humidity, and the mass of the plant relative to the loss of water (Bautista et al., 1983).
Fertilizer Application
Fertilizer application is one of the most important ingredients to the total recipe to grow
plants. Plant needs water, air, light, nutrition, soil and temperature all in proper volume or
amount in all stages of development (Scotts, 1996).
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
5
Local Anthurium is both organic and non-organic fertilizer users. The amount depends on
the medium used. Light conditions and cultivars for small plants or suckers used are applied to
enhance growth. Complete fertilizer such as 5-10-10 or 14-14-14 is applied to the rate on the
table spoon per gallon of water. They should be dissolved in water either sprayed or applied on
media (Rosario, 1981). She further stated that gradual fertilizer when directly applied tend to
burn and damage roots especially when the plants are not watered at once besides, the fertilizers
will be leached easily without having been fully absorbed by the roots.
Organic Fertilizers
Naturally occurring organic fertilizers include manure, slurry, worm castings, peat,
seaweed, sewage, and guano. Green manure crops are also grown to add nutrients to the soil.
Naturally occurring minerals such as mine rock phosphate, sulfate of potash and limestone are
also considered organic fertilizers.
Manufactured organic fertilizers include compost, bloodmeal, bonemeal, and seaweed
extracts. Other examples are natural enzyme, digested proteins, fishmeal, and feather meal. The
decomposing crop residue from prior years is another source of fertility. Bloodmeal contain
about 15% nitrogen, bonemeal contain about 21% phosphorus, and wood ashes contain about 7%
potassium. Mix one part bloodmeal, one part bonemeal, and two parts wood ashes and you get an
organic fertilizer supplying nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the ratio 5-6-4.
Apart from making the soil rich for more intensive crop production, organic fertilization
offers the following benefits:
1. Improves the physical structure of the soil. Cultivation becomes easier because soil
rich in organic matter is soft and easily crumbles. The soil does not become compacted;
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
6
2. Improves soil tilt, aeration and water holding capacity; the soil does not dry out easily;
3. Compost helps suppress weeds that compete with crops for moisture, nutrients, space,
and light.
4. The population of beneficial microbes in compost helps improve soil fertility through
nitrogen fixation;
5. Chemical compounds and enzymes produced by soil microbes support plant growth
and development;
6. Organic matter contains macro, micro, and trace elements essential for plant growth
and development;
7. Organic matter also contains hormones, auxins and antibiotics that benefits plants;
8. Organic fertilizer improves plant vigor and yield, sweetness and color of fruits,
vegetables and flowers;
9. Antibiotics produced by soil microbes provide plants with additional resistance to
attacking pests and diseases
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
7
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials
There were thirty (30) sample plants each from each of the ten (10) BSU Anthurium
Accessions and the Plantmate organic fertilizer were used in the study.
Methods
The treatments were arranged in factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)
with 3 replications per treatment.
Cultural management such as watering, fertilizer application, and other
management/operations were done uniformly and regularly to all sample plants to ensure good
growth and yield.
The treatments were as follows:
Factor A: Anthurium accessions
1. BSU #1
6. BSU #9
2. BSU #2
7. BSU #14
3. BSU #5
8. BSU #16
4. BSU #6
9. BSU #19
5. BSU #7
10. BSU #21
Factor B: Rate of Plantmate Application (g/10”pot)
T1-
control
T5-
200
T2-
50
T3-
100
T4-
150
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
8
Data Gathered
A. Vegetative Growth
1. Initial and final height of the plant (cm). Initial height of plant was measured at
transplanting date and the final height at the termination of observations.
2. Number of leaves per plant at transplanting and at flowering. Number of leaves per
plant were counted at planting and flowering (75% anthesis) of the second flower.
B. Yield
1. Number of cut flowers produced per plant. Number of cut flowers will be counted
from the start up to the termination of the study.
C. Reproductive Growth
1. Days from harvesting of the first flower to flower bud formation (1cm bud size) of the
second flower.
2. Days from flower bud formation to harvesting stage (3/4 maturity)
D. Cutflower Quality
1. Flower size (cm). The length and width of the spathe of the cutflowers harvested were
measured and were classified as follows:
Grade
Classification
Length and Width of Spathe (cm)
Miniature
less
than
7.62
Small
7.63-10.16
Medium 10.17-12.20
Large
12.18-15.00
Extra
large
more
than
15.00
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
9
2. Stem length of the cutflower at harvest (cm)This was measured at ¾ maturity of the
cutflowers.
3. Vaselife- (days) Basal end of the cutflowers were cut in a slanting manner and the
number of days was counted from holding of the cutflowers in the vase to the onset of the
senescence using350 ml. tap water only under ambient condition. There were 3 replications used
per treatment with 2 samples in each replication.
E. Occurrence of Insect Pests and Diseases
Observation of insect pest infestation and symptoms of diseases were recorded for the
duration of the study.
F. Documentation
The study was documented through pictures (Figures 1 to 12).
E. Cost and Return Analysis.
This was obtained by recording all the expenses incurred in the different rate of plantmate
application in anthuriumcutflower production and gross receipt using this formula:
ROI= Gross-Expenses x100
expenses
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
10
Figure 1. Overview of the experimental area
Figure 2. Overview of the experimental area
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
11
Figure 3. Overview of Anthurium accession BSU# 1
Figure 4. Overview of Anthurium accession BSU# 2
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
12
Figure 5. Overview of Anthurium accession BSU# 5
Figure 6. Overview of Anthurium accession BSU# 6
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
13
Figure 7. Overview of Anthurium accession BSU# 7
Figure 8. Overview of Anthurium accession BSU# 9
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
14
Figure 9. Overview of Anthurium accession BSU# 14
Figure 10. Overview of Anthurium accession BSU# 16
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
15
Figure 11. Overview of Anthurium accession BSU# 19
Figure 12. Overview of Anthurium accession BSU# 21
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
16
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Final Height at Harvesting Stage
Effect of variety. Table 1 show that there were no significant differences on the final
height at harvesting stage as affected by different anthurium accessions. However, two varieties
BSU#19 and BSU #21 were shorter than the other varieties because of their natural inherent
characteristics.
Effect of rate of plantmate application. Similarly, Table 1 shows that there were no
significant differences on the final height at harvesting stage of anthuriumcutflower production
as affected by different rate of plantmate application.
Interaction effect. Table 1 shows that there were no significant differences on the final
height at harvesting stage obtained asa affected by the 10 anthurium accessions grown and the
different rate of plantmate application.
Number of leaves per Plant at
Flowering (75% Maturity)
Effect of variety.Table 2 show that there were no significant differences obtained on the
number of leaves per plant at flowering as affected different anthurium accessions. The leaf
count ranges from 4.07 to 5.20 leaves per plant at flowering.
Effect of rate of plantmate application. Results show that there were no significant
differences obtained on the number of leaves at flowering as affected by the different rates of
plantmate application.
Interaction effect. Interaction effects between the different varieties and different rate rates of
plantmate application on the number of leaves were not significant.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
17
Table 1. Final height of the plant at flowering
TREATMENT
FINAL HEIGHT (cm)
______________________________________________________________________________
Variety
BSU# 1
36.93a
BSU# 2
36.20a
BSU# 5
38.07a
BSU# 6
37.67a
BSU# 7
37.47a
BSU# 9
37.53a
BSU# 14
38.40a
BSU# 16
37.47a
BSU# 19
30.53b
BSU# 21
29.67b
Rate of Plantmate Application (g/pot)
0 (control)
35.77a
50
36.03a
100
36.27a
150
36.08a
200
35.70a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Number of Days From Harvesting of the First Flower to
Flower Bud Formation of the Second Flower (1cm Bud Size)
Effect of variety. Table 3 show that there were no significant differences on the number
of days from harvesting of the first flower to flower bud formation of the second flower as
affected by variety grown; the mean ranges from 49.47 to 51.07 days.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
18
Table 2. Number of leaves per plant at flowering stage
TREATMENT
NUMBER OF LEAVES
______________________________________________________________________________
Variety
BSU# 1
4.73a
BSU# 2
4.27a
BSU# 5
5.07a
BSU# 6
4.87a
BSU# 7
4.60a
BSU# 9
4.87a
BSU# 14
5.20a
BSU# 16
4.93a
BSU# 19
4.80a
BSU# 21
5.07a
Rate of Plantmate Application (g/pot)
0 (control)
4.73a
50
4.87a
100
4.97a
150
5.13a
200
4.90a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Effect of rate of plantmate application. Results show that there were no significant
differences on the number of days from harvesting of the first flower to flower bud formation of
the second flower as affected by different rates of plantmate applied.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
19
Interaction effect. Interaction effect on the number of days from harvesting of the first
flower to flower bud formation of the second flower as affected by different anthurium accession
and different rate of plantmate application were likewise not significant.
Table 3.days to flower bud formation
TREATMENT
MEAN
______________________________________________________________________________
Variety
BSU# 1
49.47a
BSU# 2
51.00a
BSU# 5
50.00a
BSU# 6
51.00a
BSU# 7
50.00a
BSU# 9
51.00a
BSU# 14
51.00a
BSU# 16
50.00a
BSU# 19
50.00a
BSU# 21
51.07a
Rate of Plantmate Application (g/pot)
0 (control)
51.13a
50
51.20a
100
50.37a
150
50.07a
200
50.43a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
20
Number of Days from Flower Bud
Formation to Harvesting Stage
Effect of variety.Table 4 show that there were no significant differences on the number of
days from flower bud formation to harvesting stage. Mean ranges from 48.80 to 52.60 days.
Effect of rates of plantmate application.Effects of different rate of plantmate application
likewise show that there were no significant differences on the number of days from flower bud
formatiob to harvesting stage.
Interaction
effect. Interaction effect on the number of days from flower bud formation to
harvesting stage as affected by different anthurium accessions and different rate of plantmate
application were not significant.
Length and Width of the Spathe
Effect of variety. Statistical analysis shows that there were no significant differences on
the length and width of the spathe of the cutflower at harvest as affected by the variety of
Anthurium grown. Length of the spathe ranges from 9.67 to 13.17 cm; while spathe width ranges
from 9.83 to 13.47 cm at ¾ maturty.
Effect of rate of plantmate application. Results show that there were no significant
differences on the length and width of the spathe as affected by different rates of plantmate
application.
Interaction
effect. There were no significant interaction effect between the 10 anthurium
accession and different rates of plantmate application on the length and width of the spathe at ¾
maturity.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
21
Table 4.number of days from flower bud formation to harvesting stage
TREATMENT
MEAN
___________________________________________________________________ (Days)_____
Variety
BSU# 1
52.60a
BSU# 2
53.00a
BSU# 5
53.20a
BSU# 6
51.20a
BSU# 7
51.20a
BSU# 9
51.60a
BSU# 14
50.40a
BSU# 16
51.40a
BSU #19
49.40a
BSU# 21
48.80a
Rate of Plantmate Application (g/pot)
0 (control)
52a
50
51.20a
100
51.60a
150
50.70a
200
50.70a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Stem Length of Cutflower (cm)
Effect of variety. No significant differences found on the stem length of cut flowers of the
ten Anthurium Accessions as affected by variety. However, two varieties which are BSU#19 and
BSU #21 were shorter than the other varieties because of their natural characteristics.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
22
Table 5. Length and width of the spathe
TREATMENT LENGTH
WIDTH GRADE
CLASSIFICATION
(cm)
(cm)
______________________________________________________________________________
Variety
BSU# 1
9.83a
9.67 a
Small
BSU# 2
9.93 a
9.93 a
Small
BSU# 5 12.07 a 11.73 a
Medium
BSU# 6
9.60 a
9.53 a
Small
BSU# 7 10.03 a
9.87 a
Small
BSU# 9 12.37 a 12.20 a
Large
BSU# 14 13.47 a 13.17 a
Large
BSU# 16 12.67 a 12.40 a
Large
BSU# 19
8.10 a
7.67 a
Small
BSU# 21 7.27 a
6.67 a
Miniature
Rate of Plantmate Application (g/pot)
0 (control)
9.90 a 10.18 a
Small
50
10.18 a 10.33 a
Medium
100
10.37 a 10.55 a
Medium
150
10.45 a 10.82 a
Medium
200
10.52a 10.78a
Medium
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
23
The variety with the longest stem length was BSU# 1 with a mean of 39.53 cm while the
shortest was BSU# 21 with a mean of 30.60 cm.
Effect of rates of plantmate application. Highly significant differences were observed on
the stem length of the cutflowers as affected by different rates of plantmate application. Result
show that plants applied with 150 grams of plantmate organic fertilizer obtained the longest stem
length of 38.20 cm while the shortest was 36.53 cm that was measured from the control plants
(without plantmate).
Interaction
effect. Highly significant differences were observed on stem length as
affected by different rates of plantmate application of different Anthurium accessions. Figure 13
show that plants treated with 150g of plantmate had the longest stem length of 38.20 cm while
plants treated with control had the lowest stem length of 36.53 cm. On the other hand Figure 14
shows the effect of different rates of plantmate application on the ten (10) varieties used. BSU #5
obtained the tallest stem length with a mean of 40.23 followed by BSU #9 and BSU #16 with a
mean of 39.83. BSU #19 and BSU #21 had the shortest stem length with a mean of 31.27 and
31.07.
Vaselife (days)
Effect of variety.Vaselife on the Anthuriumcutflowers produced as affected by different
varieties had no significant differences. However, the variety with the longest vaselife was BSU#
14 with a total of 32.20 days.
Effect of rates of plantmate application. There were no significant differences on the vase
life of Anthurium as affected by different rate of plantmate application. Vase life ranges from
30.93 days to 31.40 days from holding of the cutflower using tap water only as the holding
solution.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
24
Table 6. Stem length of cutflower
TREATMENT
STEM LENGTH (cm)
______________________________________________________________________________
Variety
BSU# 1
39.80a
BSU# 2
38.70a
BSU# 5
40.23a
BSU# 6
39.63a
BSU# 7
39.60a
BSU# 9
39.83a
BSU# 14
39.23a
BSU# 16
39.83a
BSU# 19
31.27b
BSU# 21
31.07b
Rate of Plantmate Application (g/pot)
0 (control)
37.65bc
50
37.98ab
100
37.68bc
150
38.42a
200
37.87a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Number of Cutflowers Produced Per Plant
Effect of variety. The number of cutflowers produced per plant in anthurium as affected
by different varieties had no significant differences. However, BSU# 5 had the highest mean
with 2.47 cutflowers while the lowest were harvested from BSU# 21, 16,14,9 and 7 having the
same mean of 2.13 flowers per plant.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
25
45
a
a
a
a
a
b
a
40
a a
a
a
a a a
a
a
a
a
a
a a
a
a a
a
a
a
a
a a a
a
a a
a a
a a
a
a
a a
a a b
a
a
a
a
a a
a
a
b
35
varieties
b
BSU# 1
b
b
b b
b
b
b
30
b
BSU# 2
)
BSU# 5
25
BSU# 6
Length (cm 20
BSU# 7
Stem
BSU# 9
15
BSU# 14
10
BSU# 16
BSU# 19
5
BSU# 21
0
0
50
100
150
200
Rate of plantmate
of plantm
application (g/pot)
Figure 13. Stem length of cutflower at harvest (1st harvest)
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
26
45
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a a
a
40
a
a a a
a a a
a
a
a a
a
a
a a
a a
a a a a a a a a
a
a
a
a
a a a
35
b
varieties
b
b
b
b
b
)
b
b
b
BSU #1
) 30
b
BSU #2
25
BSU #5
Length (cm 20
BSU #6
BSU #7
Stem 15
BSU #9
10
BSU #14
BSU #16
5
BSU #19
0
BSU #21
0
50
100
150
200
Rate of plantmate
of plantm
application (g/pot)
Figure 14. Stem length of cutflower at harvest (2st harvest)
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
27
Table 7.Vaselife of cutflowers at harvest.
TREATMENT VASE
LIFE
(days)
____________________________________________________________________________
Variety
BSU# 1
31.20a
BSU# 2
30.60a
BSU# 5
32.07a
BSU# 6
30.47a
BSU# 7
30.40a
BSU# 9
30.73a
BSU# 14
32.20a
BSU# 16
32.00a
BSU# 19
31.20a
BSU#
21
30.40a
Rate of Plantmate Application (g/pot)
0 (control)
31.20a
50
30.93a
100
31.23a
150
31.37a
200
31.40a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Effect of rates of plantmate application. There were no significant differences on the
number of cut flowers as affected by different rates of plantmate application. Number of cut
flowers ranges from 2.33 to 2.167 per plant for the duration of the study.
Interaction effect. Interaction effects between 10 anthurium accessions and different rate
of plantmate application on the number of cutflowers produced per plant were not significant.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
28
Table 8. Number of cutflowers produced per plant
TREATMENT
MEAN
______________________________________________________________________________
Variety
BSU# 1
2.27a
BSU# 2
2.20a
BSU# 5
2.47a
BSU# 6
2.27a
BSU# 7
2.33a
BSU# 9
2.13a
BSU# 14
2.13a
BSU# 16
2.13a
BSU# 19
2.27a
BSU#
21
2.13a
Rate of Plantmate Application (g/pot)
0 (control)
2.17a
50
2.20a
100
2.27a
150
2.33a
200
2.20a
Means with a common letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.
Cost and Return Analysis
Table 8 shows that plants applied with 50g plantmate per pot obtained the highest return
on investment with 91.32%. Cutflowers produced in this treatment were classified as medium
grade with a retail price of Php90.00 per dozen. The plants applied with 100g plantmate per pot
obtained the second highest with an ROI of 75.51% followed by those treated with 150g and
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
29
200g plantmate per pot with an ROI of 67.40% and 47.10% respectively. On the other hand, the
control plants obtained the lowest profit with only 32.73% return on investment.
Table 8a. Cost and return analysis
TREATMENT MARKETABLE GROSS
EXPENSES NET PROFIT ROI RANK
YIELD (Doz.) SALE (Php) (Php)
(Php)
(%)
BSU #1
0
0.50
30.00
24.63
5.37
21.80 21
50
0.50
30.00
26.92
3.10
11.52 25
100
0.58
35.00
29.21
5.79
19.82 23
150
0.58
35.00
31.49
3.51
11.15 27
200
0.67
40.00
33.78
6.22
18.41 24
BSU #2
0
0.58
35.00
24.63
10.37
42.10 15
50
0.50
30.00
26.92
3.10
11.52 25
100
0.50
30.00
29.21
0.79
2.71 22
150
0.67
40.00
31.49
8.51
27.04 19
200
0.50
30.00
33.78
-3.78 -11.19 30
BSU #5
0
0.50
45.00
24.63
20.37
82.70 10
50
0.58
52.50
26.92
25.58
95.02 9
100
0.75
67.50
29.21
38.29 131.09 5
150
0.58
52.50
31.49
21.01
66.72 13
200
0.67
60.00
33.78
26.22
77.61 12
BSU #6
0
0.50
30.00
24.63
5.37
21.80 21
50
0.58
35.00
26.92
8.08
30.02 18
100
0.58
35.00
29.21
5.79
19.82 23
150
0.67
40.00
31.49
8.51
27.02 20
200
0.50
30.00
33.78
-3.78 -11.19 30
BSU #7
0
0.67
40.00
24.63
15.37
62.40 14
50
0.50
30.00
26.92
3.08
11.44 26
100
0.67
40.00
29.21
10.79
36.94 16
150
0.50
30.00
31.49
-1.49
-4.73 29
200
0.58
35.00
33.78
1.22
3.61 28
BSU #9
0
0.50
60.00
24.63
35.37 143.60 3
50
0.50
60.00
26.92
33.08 122.88 6
100
0.58
70.00
29.21
40.79 139.64 4
150
0.58
70.00
31.49
38.51 122.29 7
200
0.50
60.00
33.78
26.22
77.62 11
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
30
Table 8a.continued…
BSU #14
0
0.50
60.00
24.63
35.37 143.61 2
50
0.58 70.00
26.92
43.08 160.03 1
100
0.50 60.00
29.21
30.79 105.40 8
150
0.58 70.00
31.49
38.51 122.29 7
200
0.50 60.00
33.78
26.22 77.62 11
BSU #16
0
0.50 60.00
24.63
35.37 143.61 2
50
0.50 60.00
26.92
33.08 122.88 6
100
0.58 70.00
29.21
40.79 139.64 4
150
0.58 70.00
31.49
38.51 122.29 7
200
0.50 60.00
33.78
26.22 77.61 12
BSU #19
0
0.58 35.00
24.63
10.37 42.10 15
50
0.50 30.00
26.92
3.08 11.44 26
100
0.58 35.00
29.21
5.79 19.82 23
150
0.58 35.00
31.49
3.51 11.15 27
200
0.58 35.00
33.78
1.22 3.61 28
BSU #21
0
0.50 30.00
24.63
5.37
21.80 21
50
0.58 35.00
26.92
8.08
30.73 17
100
0.58 35.00
29.21
5.79
19.82 23
150
0.50 30.00
31.49
-1.49
-4.73 29
200
0.50 30.00
33.78
-3.78 -11.19 30
Retail prices: small = Php 60.00/dozen, Medium = Php 90.00/dozen. Large = Php 110.00/dozen
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
31
Table 8b. Cost of production
INPUTS
QUANTITY
UNIT
UNIT PRICE
TOTAL (Php)
______________________________________________________________________________
1. Fertilizer
a. Plantmate 25
kg
9.15/kg
230
organic
fertilizer
2. Material
a. PEP bag
150
piece/s
0.63/piece
94.50
3. Labor
a. weeding,
60
hours
20/hour
1,200
watering,
and other cultural
management
______________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL Php
1,524.50
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
32
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND ROCOMMENDATION
Summary
The study was conducted at Benguet State University, Ornamental Horticulture Research
Area La Trinidad Benguet from May 2011 to November 2011. To determine the growth,
flowering and yield of ten anthurium accessions as affected by different rate of plantmate organic
fertilizer.
Results show that there were no significant differences noted on the duration of the
flowering and flower development, final height at flowering and harvesting and size of spathe.
Only the stem lengths of cutflowers at harvest were significantly longer in the plants aplliedwith
150g/pot of plantmate organic fertilizer.
Cost and return analysis also revealed good Return on Investment (ROI) in BSU #5
treated with 150g plantmate per pot which obtained the highest ROI of 114.35.
Conclusion
Based on the results, it is concluded that application of 150 grams of plantmate organic
fertilizer on anthurium plants had improved the flowering and yield compared to that of the other
rates of plantmate application. It is also concluded that BSU #5 plants applied with 150g
plantmate per pot obtained the highest return on investment with 114.35%. Cutflowers produced
in this treatment were classified as medium grade with a retail price of Php90.00 per dozen.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
33
Recommendation
Based on the findings of the study, application of 150 grams of plantmate organic
fertilizer should be used in anthuriumcutflower production. It is also recommended further that
the 3 varieties which are BSU #5, BSU #14 and BSU #16 should be grown to obtain higher
quality of anthuriumcutflowers with bigger spathe that commands higher price in the market that
result to higher return on investment (ROI).
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
34
LITERATURE CITED
BAUTISTA, O.K., H.V. VALMAYOR, P.C. TABORA, R.R.G. ESPINO and J.S.
SANGALANG. 1983. Introduction to Tropical Horticulture. University of the Philippines
Los Baños, Laguna Pp. 295-298.
HALVEY, A.H., and S. MAYAK, 1979. Senescence and Postharvest Physiology of Cutflowers.
Horticulture rev. 3:284-295.
RIMANDO, T.K., 1981. Postharvest Physiology and Handling of Cutflower.A Paper Presented
to the Second Professional Lecture in Ornamental Horticulture UPLB Collage, Laguna.
35pp.
ROSARIO, T.K., 1981. Varietal Evaluation of AnthuriumAndreanum Lind. Philippine
Agriculture
64(2):
191-192.
SCOTTS, C. 1996. Growing Medium and Fertilization Regime: Influence Growth and Essential
Oil Content of Rosemary. 26:91.
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
35
APPENDICES
Appendix Table 1. Final height of the plant at harvesting stage (cm)
TREATMENT REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I II
III
______________________________________________________________________________
V1 T1
40
38
32
110
36.67
T2
39
41
32
112
37.33
T3
38
32
42
112
37.33
T4
36
42
32
110
36.67
T5
38
37
35
110
36.67
V2 T1
35
36
36
108
36.00
T2
36
36
35
107
35.67
T3
35
38
36
109
36.33
T4
33
40
39
112
37.33
T5
36
36
35
107
35.66
V3 T1
37
44
35
113
37.67
T2
38
42
37
117
39.00
T3
38
39
38
115
38.33
T4
37
36
38
111
37.00
T5
38
36
38
112
37.33
V4 T1
35
35
43
113
37.67
T2
36
38
36
110
36.67
T3
40
38
39
117
39.00
T4
36
39
39
114
38.00
T5
37
37
37
111
37.00
V5 T1
35
36
37
108
36.00
T2
42
34
37
112
37.33
T3
40
37
38
115
38.33
T4
38
38
38
114
38.00
T5
36
39
37
112
37.33
V6 T1
38
35
40
113
37.67
T2
33
35
41
109
36.33
T3
37
42
34
113
37.67
T4
38
34
44
116
38.67
T5
40
31
41
112
37.33
V7 T1
35
40
40
115
38.33
T2
35
41
40
116
38.67
T3
44
34
36
114
38.00
T4
35
35
45
115
38.33
T5
39
36
41
116
38.67
V8 T1
37
37
39
113
37.67
T2
38
36
41
115
38.33
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
36
Appendix Table 1.continued…
T3
30
37
45
112
37.33
T4
30
43
36
109
36.33
T5
36
31
42
109
36.33
V9 T1
29
29
32
91
30.00
T2
30
32
32
94
31.33
T3
32
27 29 88 29.33
T4
32
33 30 95 31.67
T5
29
29 32 90 30.00
V10 T1 27
29
30
86
28.67
T2
32
28
28
88
29.33
T3
32
30 31 93 31.00
T4
29
30 27 86 28.67
T5
32
30 30 92 30.67
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES OF
SUM OF MEAN OF COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARE
SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
______________________________________________________________________________
Replication
2
27.213
13.607
1.2714
1.48 1.74
Factor A
9
1344.700 149.411 13.9612**
1.98 2.59
Factor B
4
6.467
1.617
0.1511
2.46 3.52
AB
36
73.667
2.046
0.1912
1.54 1.83
Error
98
1048.787 10.702
______________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 149
2500.833
**-Highly significant
Coefficient of variation 9.10%
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
37
Appendix table 2. Number of leaves per plant at harvesting stage ( ¾ maturity)
TREATMENT REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I II
III
______________________________________________________________________________
V1 T1
5 5 5 15
5.00
T2
4 3 6 13
4.33
T3
5
5 5 15
5.00
T4
5
4 6 15
5.00
T5
5
4 4 13
4.33
V2 T1
6
4
5
15
5.00
T2
5 5 5 15
5.00
T3
5
4 6 15
5.00
T4
5
5 6 16
5.33
T5
5
5 5 15
5.00
V3 T1
5 5 4 14
4.67
T2
6 6 4 16
5.33
T3
4
6 6 16
5.33
T4
5
5 6 16
5.33
T5
5
5 6 16
5.33
V4 T1
5 5 5 15
5.00
T2
5 5 4 14
4.67
T3
5
4 6 15
5.00
T4
5
5 5 15
5.00
T5
4
5 5 14
4.67
V5 T1
4 5 4 13
4.33
T2
5 4 6 15
5.00
T3
5
4 4 13
4.33
T4
4
5 6 15
5.00
T5
5
5 3 13
4.33
V6 T1
5 5 4 14
4.67
T2
6 4 4 14
4.67
T3
5
5 5 15
5.00
T4
5
6 4 15
5.00
T5
5
5 5 15
5.00
V7 T1
5 4 6 14
4.67
T2
5 4 6 15
5.00
T3
5
5 6 16
5.33
T4
5
5 5 16
5.33
T5
5
5 5 15
5.00
V8 T1
4 4 4 13
4.33
T2
5 6 5 15
5.00
T3
6
5 6 16
5.33
T4
4
5 5 15
5.00
T5
4
6 5 15
5.00
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
38
Appendix table 2. continued…
V9 T1
6 5 3 14
4.67
T2
5 5 5 15
5.00
T3
5
5 3 13
4.33
T4
5
4 6 15
5.00
T5
5
5 5 15
5.00
V10 T1 5 5 5 15
5.00
T2
5 3 6 14
4.67
T3
5
5 5 15
5.00
T4
5
5 6 16
5.33
T5
6
6 4 16
5.33
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES OF
SUM OF MEAN OF COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARE SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
______________________________________________________________________________
Replication
2 1.120
0.560
0.8636
1.48
1.74
Factor
A 9 4.507
0.501
0.7722
1.98
2.59
Factor
B 4 2.573
0.643
0.9921
2.46
3.52
AB
36
7.293
0.203
0.3124
1.54
1.83
Error
98
63.547
0.648
______________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
149
79.040
ns- not significant
Coefficient of variation= 16.37%
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
39
Appendix table 3. Days from harvesting of first flower to flower bud formation of second flower
(1cm bud size)
TREATMENT REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I II
III
______________________________________________________________________________
V1 T1
55
44
50
149
49.67
T2
49
53
51
153
51.00
T3
45
49
53
147
49.00
T4
47
48
51
146
48.67
T5
50
50
47
147
49.00
V2 T1
51
53
51
155
51.67
T2
49
55
51
155
51.67
T3
50
50
54
154
51.33
T4
49
50
51
150
50.00
T5
54
49
48
151
50.33
V3 T1
47
55
48
150
50.00
T2
51
50
51
152
50.67
T3
53
48
51
152
50.67
T4
50
47
49
146
48.67
T5
49
52
49
150
50.00
V4 T1
55
49
51
155
51.67
T2
51
50
53
144
51.33
T3
49
50 50 159
49.67
T4
49
49
55
153
51.00
T5
48
52
54
154
51.33
V5 T1
55
53
46
154
51.33
T2
55
55
45
155
50.33
T3
47
55
49
151
51.67
T4
49
52
50
151
50.33
T5
55
50
48
153
50.33
V6 T1
49
55
53
157
51.00
T2
55
51
48
154
52.33
T3
48
53
52
154
51.33
T4
52
52
49
153
51.33
T5
51
50
49
150
51.00
V7 T1
53
53
50
156
50.00
T2
47
53
55
155
52.00
T3
55
50
47
152
51.67
T4
49
52
50
151
50.33
T5
52
51
50
153
51.00
V8 T1
51
53
49
153
51.00
T2
55
46
52
153
51.00
T3
47
53
50
150
50.00
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
40
Appendix table 3. continued…
T4
48
51
50
149
49.67
T5
51
46
54
151
50.33
V9 T1
49
51
51
151
50.33
T2
49
50
53
152
50.67
T3
53
50
47
150
50.00
T4
51
49
50
150
50.00
T5
54
48
49
151
50.00
V10 T1 55
48
51
154
51.33
T2
49
49
55
153
51.00
T3
51
51
51
153
51.00
T4
45
53
55
153
51.00
T5
48
52
53
153
51.00
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES OF
SUM OF MEAN OF COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARE SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
______________________________________________________________________________
Replication
2
1.080
0.540
0.0591
1.48 1.74
Factor A
9
44.960
4.996
0.5466
1.98 2.59
Factor B
4
30.093
7.523
7.523
2.46 3.52
AB
34
26.840
0.746
0.8232
1.54
1.83
Error
98
895.587
9.139
9.139
______________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 149
998.560
ns-not
significant
Coefficient of variation= 5.97%
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
41
Appendix table 4. Days from flower bud formation to harvesting (3/4 maturity)
TREATMENT REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I II
III
______________________________________________________________________________
V1 T1
50
50
53
153
51.00
T2
50
53
53
156
52.00
T3
53
53
56
162
54.00
T4
53
50
56
159
53.00
T5
53
53
53
159
53.00
V2 T1
56
53
53
162
54.00
T2
50
50
56
156
52.00
T3
53
56
53
159
53.00
T4
56
53
53
159
53.00
T5
50
56
47
153
51.00
V3 T1
56
56
50
162
54.00
T2
56
56
56
168
56.00
T3
56
53
53
162
54.00
T4
47
56
53
156
52.00
T5
50
50
50
150
50.00
V4 T1
50
50
56
156
52.00
T2
50
50
53
153
51.00
T3
47
53
56
156
52.00
T4
50
50
50
150
50.00
T5
47
50
56
153
51.00
V5 T1
53
53
53
159
53.00
T2
57
53
53
153
51.00
T3
53
50
50
153
51.00
T4
56
47
50
153
51.00
T5
53
50
53
156
52.00
V6 T1
56
53
47
156
52.00
T2
50
50
50
150
50.00
T3
47
50
53
150
50.00
T4
56
47
47
150
50.00
T5
50
50
50
150
50.00
V7 T1
50
50
56
156
52.00
T2
56
50
50
156
52.00
T3
53
50
50
153
51.00
T4
56
47
50
153
51.00
T5
47
53
53
153
51.00
V8 T1
53
53
56
159
53.00
T2
50
50
50
150
50.00
T3
50
50
50
153
51.00
T4
50
50
47
147
49.00
T5
50
50
53
153
53.00
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
42
Appendix table 4. continued…
V9 T1
47
50
50
147
49.00
T2
50
47
50
147
49.00
T3
50
50
53
147
49.00
T4
50
47
50
147
49.00
T5
50
47
50
147
49.00
V10 T1 47
50
50
147
49.00
T2
47
50
50
147
49.00
T3
50
50
47
147
49.00
T4
50
47
47
144
48.00
T5
47
50
50
147
49.00
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES OF
SUM OF MEAN OF COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARE SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
______________________________________________________________________________
Replication
2
15.960
7.980
1.1500
1.48 1.74
Factor A
9
287.760 31.973
4.6077**
1.98 2.59
Factor B
4
38.760
9.690
1.3964
2.46 3.52
AB
36
150.840 4.190
0.6038
1.54 1.83
Error
98
680.040 6.939
______________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL 149
1173.360
**-Highly
significant
Coefficient of variation= 5.14%
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
43
Appendix table 5. Length of spathe (cm) at harvesting (3/4 maturity)
TREATMENT
REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I
II
III
______________________________________________________________________________
V1 T1
8.00
9.50
10.50
28.00
9.33
T2
10.00
9.00
11.00
30.00
10.00
T3
10.00
8.00
12.00
30.00
10.00
T4
8.00
11.00
8.00
27.00
9.00
T5
10.00
12.00
8.00
30.00
10.00
V2 T1
10.00
12.00
8.00
30.00
10.00
T2
8.00
8.00
11.00
27.00
9.00
T3
9.00
10.00
12.00
31.00
10.33
T4
8.00
10.00
12.50
30.50
10.17
T5
10.50
8.00
12.00
30.50
10.17
V3 T1
8.00
12.00
12.00
32.00
10.67
T2
12.00
14.00
10.00
36.00
12.00
T3
12.00
12.00
12.00
36.00
12.00
T4
13.00
10.00
13.00
36.00
12.00
T5
13.00
11.00
12.00
36.00
12.00
V4 T1
9.00
10.00
9.00
28.00
9.33
T2
9.00
9.00
9.00
27.00
9.00
T3
12.00
9.00
8.00
29.00
9.67
T4
10.00
10.00
10.00
28.00
9.33
T5
10.00
10.00
9.00
27.00
9.00
V5 T1
10.00
9.00
10.00
29.00
9.67
T2
10.00
10.00
10.00
30.00
10.00
T3
10.00
9.00
9.00
28.00
9.33
T4
10.00
12.00
9.00
31.00
10.33
T5
12.00
9.00
9.00
30.00
10.00
V6 T1
9.00
13.00
11.00
33.00
11.00
T2
11.00
14.00
9.50
34.50
11.50
T3
14.00
11.50
14.00
39.50
13.17
T4
11.00
13.00
14.00
38.00
12.67
T5
13.00
13.00
12.00
38.00
12.67
V7 T1
11.00
12.00
11.00
34.00
11.33
T2
14.00
12.00
16.00
39.00
13.00
T3
14.00
12.00
12.00
38.00
12.67
T4
12.00
13.00
11.00
36.00
12.00
T5
13.00
12.00
14.00
39.00
13.00
V8 T1
12.00
15.00
13.00
40.00
13.33
T2
15.00
12.00
13.00
40.00
13.33
T3
12.00
13.00
12.50
37.50
12.50
T4
14.00
14.00
13.00
41.00
13.67
T5
12.00
13.00
14.00
39.00
13.00
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
44
Appendix table 5. continued…
V9 T1
9.00
7.00
7.00
23.00
7.67
T2
8.00
7.00
7.00
22.00
7.33
T3
7.00
8.00
8.00
23.00
7.33
T4
8.00
8.00
8.00
24.00
8.00
T5
8.00
7.00
8.00
23.00
7.33
V10 T1 6.00
7.00
7.00
20.00
6.67
T2
7.00
6.00
7.00
20.00
6.67
T3
6.00
6.00
7.00
19.00
6.33
T4
7.00
6.00
7.00
20.00
6.67
T5
7.00
7.00
7.00
21.00
7.00
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES OF
SUM OF MEAN OF COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARE SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
______________________________________________________________________________
Replication
2
0.223
0.112
0.0645
1.48 1.74
Factor A
9
596.042
66.227 38.2281**
1.98 2.59
Factor B
4
7.383
1.846 1.0655
2.46 3.52
AB
36
26.283
0.730
0.4214
1.54 1.83
Error
98
169.777 1.732
______________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
149
799.708
**-Highly
significant
Coefficient of variation= 12.80%
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
45
Appendix table 6. Width of spathe (cm) at harvesting (3/4 maturity)
TREATMENT REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I II
III
______________________________________________________________________________
V1 T1
7.50
10.50
10.50
28.50
9.50
T2
9.50
8.00
13.00
30.50
10.17
T3
9.50
10.00
11.00
30.50
10.17
T4
10.00
10.50
8.00
28.50
9.50
T5
9.00
13.00
7.50
29.50
9.83
V2 T1
9.00
12.00
9.50
30.50
10.17
T2
7.50
8.00
13.00
28.50
9.50
T3
9.50
10.00
10.50
30.00
10.00
T4
8.00
9.50
12.00
29.50
9.83
T5
10.00
7.50
13.00
30.50
10.17
V3 T1
8.50
12.00
13.00
33.50
11.17
T2
12.00
15.00
9.00
36.00
12.00
T3
12.00
12.00
12.50
36.50
12.17
T4
14.00
10.50
13.00
34.50
12.50
T5
13.50
11.00
13.00
34.50
12.50
V4 T1
9.50
10.50
8.50
28.50
9.50
T2
9.50
9.00
9.50
28.00
9.33
T3
11.00
10.00
8.50
29.50
9.83
T4
9.00
9.00
12.00
30.00
10.00
T5
10.00
8.50
9.50
28.00
9.33
V5 T1
11.00
8.00
10.50
29.50
9.83
T2
9.00
11.00
10.00
30.00
10.00
T3
10.00
9.50
9.00
28.50
9.50
T4
10.00
11.00
10.50
31.50
10.50
T5
12.00
10.00
9.00
31.00
10.33
V6 T1
9.50
13.50
11.00
34.00
11.33
T2
12.50
15.50
7.50
35.50
11.83
T3
12.00
12.00
11.00
35.50
11.83
T4
12.00
14.00
15.00
41.00
13.67
T5
17.00
11.00
11.50
39.50
13.17
V7 T1
10.50
12.50
13.00
35.50
11.83
T2
12.00
13.00
11.00
36.00
12.00
T3
13.50
13.00
14.00
50.50
13.50
T4
11.00
15.00
11.50
37.00
12.33
T5
18.00
9.00
13.00
40.00
13.33
V8 T1
14.00
17.00
9.00
40.00
13.33
T2
18.00
9.50
13.00
40.50
13.50
T3
13.00
12.50
14.00
39.50
13.17
T4
15.00
15.50
11.00
41.50
13.83
T5
12.00
12.50
16.00
40.50
13.50
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
46
Appendix table 6. continued…
V9 T1
8.50
7.00
8.00
23.50
7.83
T2
7.50
8.00
8.00
23.50
7.83
T3
9.00
9.00
7.00
25.00
8.33
T4
7.50
8.00
9.00
24.50
8.17
T5
9.00
8.50
7.50
25.00
8.33
V10 T1 7.50
7.00
7.00
21.50
7.17
T2
7.00
6.50
8.00
21.50
7.17
T3
8.00
6.00
7.00
21.00
7.00
T4
9.00
6.00
8.00
22.00
7.33
T5
7.50
7.50
7.00
22.00
7.33
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES OF
SUM OF MEAN OF COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARE SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
______________________________________________________________________________
Replication
2
0.573
0.287 0.0735
1.48 1.74
Factor A
9
561.467 62.385 16.0007**
1.98 2.59
Factor B
4
9.167
2.292 0.5878
2.46 3.52
AB
36
20.033
0.556 0.1427
1.54 1.83
Error
98
382.093 3.899
______________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
149
973.333
**-Highly
significant
Coefficient of variation= 18.75%
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
47
Appendix table 7. Stem length of cutflower at harvest (cm)
TREATMENT REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I II
III
______________________________________________________________________________
V1 T1
40.00
42.00
42.00
124.00
41.33
T2
38.00
38.00
38.00
114.00
38.00
T3
37.00
40.00
38.00
115.00
38.33
T4
41.00
37.00
39.00
117.00
39.00
T5
40.00
41.00
42.00
123.00
41.00
V2 T1
39.00
40.00
38.00
117.00
39.00
T2
39.00
37.00
39.00
115.00
38.33
T3
40.00
39.00
39.00
118.00
39.33
T4
37.00
35.00
40.00
112.00
37.33
T5
37.00
37.50
38.00
113.50
37.83
V3 T1
39.00
42.00
38.00
119.00
39.67
T2
40.00
44.00
40.00
124.00
41.33
T3
38.00
40.00
39.00
117.00
39.00
T4
39.00
37.00
39.00
115.00
38.33
T5
39.00
37.00
40.50
116.50
38.83
V4 T1
37.00
39.00
40.00
116.00
38.67
T2
40.00
40.00
41.00
121.00
40.33
T3
39.00
39.00
37.00
115.00
38.33
T4
37.00
39.00
40.00
116.00
38.67
T5
40.00
40.00
38.00
118.00
39.33
V5 T1
40.00
43.00
40.00
123.00
41.00
T2
38.00
38.00
40.00
116.00
38.67
T3
39.00
39.00
37.00
115.00
38.33
T4
38.00
39.00
37.00
114.00
38.00
T5
39.00
38.00
39.00
116.00
38.33
V6 T1
40.00
38.00
39.00
117.00
39.00
T2
40.00
40.00
43.00
123.00
41.00
T3
40.00
40.00
39.00
119.00
39.67
T4
38.00
37.00
37.00
112.00
37.33
T5
40.00
38.00
40.00
118.00
39.33
V7 T1
37.00
40.00
41.00
118.00
39.33
T2
39.00
40.00
36.00
115.00
38.33
T3
40.00
35.00
42.00
117.00
39.00
T4
39.00
39.00
38.00
116.00
38.67
T5
38.00
40.00
37.00
115.00
38.33
V8 T1
39.00
40.00
40.00
119.00
39.67
T2
40.00
39.00
39.00
118.00
39.33
T3
39.00
38.00
38.00
115.00
38.33
T4
40.00
38.00
38.00
116.00
39.67
T5
38.00
39.00
39.00
116.00
38.67
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
48
Appendix table 7. continued…
V9 T1
36.00
33.00
35.00 104.00
34.67
T2
30.00
31.00
30.00
92.00
30.67
T3
31.00
31.00
32.00
94.00
31.33
T4
30.00
27.00
28.00
85.00
28.33
T5
30.00
27.00
30.00
87.00
29.00
V10 T1 30.00
30.00
29.00
89.00
39.67
T2
30.00
30.00
30.00
90.00
30.00
T3
28.00
31.00
33.00
92.00
30.67
T4
31.00
32.00
30.00
93.00
31.00
T5
31.00
33.00
31.00
95.00
31.67
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES OF
SUM OF MEAN OF COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARE SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
______________________________________________________________________________
Replication
2
0.630
0.315
0.1583
1.48 1.74
Factor A
9 1695.460 188.384 94.6575**
1.98 2.59
Factor B
4
43.693 10.923 5.4886**
2.46 3.52
AB
36
142.240 3.951 1.9853**
1.54 1.83
Error
98
195.037 1.990
______________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
149
2077.060
**-Highly
significant
Coefficient of variation= 3.78%
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
49
Appendix table 8. Vaselife of cutflower (days)
TREATMENT REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I II
III
______________________________________________________________________________
V1 T1
29
30
30
89
29.67
T2
30
34
30
94
31.33
T3
29
33 33 95 31.67
T4
35
30 30 95 31.67
T5
30
30 35 95 31.67
V2 T1
32
30
30
92
30.67
T2
32
27
27
86
28.67
T3
32
32 32 96 32.00
T4
31
30 32 93 31.00
T5
32
30 30 92 30.67
V3 T1
32
32
32
96
32.00
T2
35
30
32
97
32.33
T3
29
30 30 89 29.67
T4
35
35
32
102
34.00
T5
32
35 32 99 33.00
V4 T1
30
32
32
94
31.33
T2
30
30
30
90
30.00
T3
29
33 32 94 31.33
T4
31
28 30 89 29.67
T5
30
30 30 90 30.00
V5 T1
30
32
32
94
31.33
T2
32
30
30
92
30.67
T3
32
32 32 96 32.00
T4
30
30 30 90 30.00
T5
32
35 32 99 33.00
V6 T1
32
32
32
96
32.00
T2
30
32
30
92
30.67
T3
30
30 30 90 30.00
T4
30
32 32 94 31.33
T5
30
29 30 89 29.67
V7 T1
32
30
34
96
32.00
T2
30
30
35
95
31.67
T3
32
30 30 92 30.67
T4
35
33 30 98 32.67
T5
32
35
33
100
33.33
V8 T1
32
32
32
96
32.00
T2
30
30
35
95
31.67
T3
35
32 32 99 33.00
T4
35
30 33 98 32.00
T5
32
30 30 92 30.67
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
50
Appendix table 8. continued…
V9 T1
30
32
33
95
31.67
T2
32
27
33
92
30.67
T3
32
30 35 97 32.33
T4
30
32 32 94 31.33
T5
30
30 30 90 30.00
V10 T1 28
32
28
88
29.33
T2
28
35
32
95
31.67
T3
30
29 30 89 29.67
T4
29
30 29 88 29.33
T5
32
32 32 96 32.00
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES OF
SUM OF MEAN OF COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARE SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
______________________________________________________________________________
Replication
2 1.853
0.927
0.3066
1.48
1.74
Factor A
9
62.693
6.966
2.3051
1.98* 2.59
Factor B
4
4.093
1.023
0.3386
2.46 3.52
AB
36
141.507
3.931
1.3007
1.54 1.83
Error
98
296.147
3.022
______________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
149
208.293
*- significant
Coefficient of variation= 5.57%
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
51
Appendix table 9. Total number of cutflowers produced per plant
TREATMENT REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I II
III
______________________________________________________________________________
V1 T1
2 2 2 6 2.00
T2
2 2 2 6 2.00
T3
2 3 2 7 2.33
T4
2 3 2 7 2.33
T5
3 2 3 8 2.67
V2 T1
3
2
2
7
2.33
T2
2 2 2 6 2.00
T3
2 2 2 6 2.00
T4
3 2 3 8 2.67
T5
2 2 2 6 2.00
V3 T1
2 2 2 6 2.00
T2
3 3 3 9 3.00
T3
2 3 2 7 2.33
T4
2 2 3 7 2.33
T5
3 3 2 8 2.67
V4 T1
2 2 2 6 2.00
T2
2 3 2 7 2.33
T3
2 3 2 7 2.33
T4
3 3 2 8 2.67
T5
2 2 2 6 2.00
V5 T1
3 2 3 8 2.67
T2
2 2 2 6 2.00
T3
2 4 2 8 2.67
T4
2 2 2 6 2.00
T5
3 2 2 7 2.33
V6 T1
2 2 2 6 2.00
T2
2 2 2 6 2.00
T3
2 2 3 7 2.33
T4
2 3 2 7 2.33
T5
2 2 2 6 2.00
V7 T1
2 2 2 6 2.00
T2
3 2 2 7 2.33
T3
2 2 2 6 2.00
T4
2 2 3 7 2.33
T5
2 2 2 6 2.00
V8 T1
2 3 2 7 2.33
T2
2 2 2 6 2.00
T3
2 2 2 6 2.00
T4
2 2 3 7 2.33
T5
2 2 2 6 2.00
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
52
Appendix table 9. continued…
V9 T1
3 2 2 7 2.33
T2
2 2 2 6 2.00
T3
2 3 2 7 2.33
T4
2 2 3 7 2.33
T5
3 2 2 7 2.33
V10 T1 2 2 2 6 2.00
T2
2 3 2 7 2.33
T3
3 2 2 7 2.33
T4
2 2 2 6 2.00
T5
2 2 2 6 2.00
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCE OF DEGREES OF
SUM OF MEAN OF COMPUTED
TABULAR F
VARIATION FREEDOM
SQUARE SQUARE
F
0.05 0.01
______________________________________________________________________________
Replication
2
0.253
0.127
0.6506
1.48 1.74
Factor A
9
1.633
0.181
0.9321
1.98 2.59
Factor B
4
0.533
0.133
0.6848
2.46 3.52
AB
36
7.333
0.204
1.0463
1.54
1.83
Error
98
19.080
0.195
______________________________________________________________________________
TOTAL
149
28.833
ns-not
significant
Coefficient of variation= 19.76%
Growth, Flowering and Yield of Ten Anthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of
Plantmate Organic Fertilizer / Ariel C. Magalgalit. 2012
Document Outline
- Growth, Flowering and Yield of TenAnthurium Accessions as Affected by Different Rates of Plantmate Organic Fertilizer
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND ROCOMMENDATION
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDICES