BIBLIOGRAPHY

GAMPOL, JOVY G. APRIL 2012. Philippine Websites as Medium for
Disseminating Cordillera Indigenous Knowledge. Benguet State University, La Trinidad
Benguet.
Adviser: Gretchen Shagami C. Mangahas
ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to generate an electronic database on Cordillera
Indigenous Knowledge. The specific objectives were to determine where the websites
were published and the creators and/or managers of the websites; to determine the socio-
demographic profile of the webmaster and his reasons/motivations for maintaining the
website; characterize the websites on Cordillera Indigenous Knowledge based on
language used and number of visitors in terms of views and/or likes; classify the
Cordillera Indigenous Knowledge in the Philippine websites according to place featured
and category of Indigenous Knowledge; and to create an electronic database for
Cordillera Indigenous Knowledge.

Furthermore, the place where the websites were published were almost equally
distributed with 38% local and international each and 24% from national. Majority of
these websites were created and managed by non government organizations and most of
them were published by international websites. Fewer were created by government
organizations and private individuals. Only one of the websites used Filipino language in
their website and the rest used the English language. In terms of views and/or likes, only
three websites had both views and likes indicators on their website. On theother hand, the
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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Cordillera IK were classified most under Rituals and Beliefs and Music, Dance, and
Instrument. Lesser topics were published on Human Health and Animals and Animal
diseases.
The study concludes that there are initiatives by the people outside or inside
theCordillera in trying to feature and publish Cordillera Indigenous Knowledge on the
internet; there were more articles published on non-material culture,and; the creators of
the websites are varied coming from international, national, and local areas. Although the
Cordillera has many languages still the English language is still used to publish their
work in the internet.
The study recommends that Webmasters of the different Philippine websites be
encouraged to publish more Cordillera IK so that they can be an instrument in cultural
education; Philippine websites must also add more information on the different fields of
Cordillera IK; compilation of Cordillera IK already published in varied forms should be a
continuous activity in order to help conserve the IK; a similar study may be done but
instead considering websites from the general search on Google, and thus more
inventories of Cordillera IK should be done; create a network where compilation of
Cordillera IK studied will be published.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS



Page

Bibliography………………………………………………………………….. i

Abstract ……………………………………………………………………….. i

Table of Contents ……………………………………………………………. ii



INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………
1

Rationale …………………………………………………………….. 1

Statement of the Problem …………………………………………….3

Objectives of the Study ……………………………………………… 3

Importance of the Study ………………………………………………4

Scope and Limitations of the Study ………………………………….4
REVIEW OF LITERATURE ……………………………………………….. 6
Indigenous
Knowledge
………………………………………………6

Importance of Indigenous Knowledge ………………………………..6

Classification of Indigenous Knowledge …………………………….7

The need for Disseminating Indigenous Knowledge ………………....9

Internet as a Channel for Information Dissemination …………………10
Availability of Information on IK on the Internet.................................. 11
Philippine Websites …………………………………………………..12
Webmasters
…………………………………...………….…………...12

Web Standards ………………………………………………………..12
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The Use of English Language on the Internet ………………………… 14
Electronic Database ……………………………………………………14
Operational Definition of Terms …………………………………….. 15
METHODOLOGY ………………………………………………………… 17
Locale and Time of the Study ……………………………………….. 17Subject of
the Study ………………………………………………..... 17

Respondents of the Study …………………………………………….20

Data to be Gathered ………………………………………………… .20

Data Collection ……………………………………………………….20

Data Analysis …………………………………………………………21
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ……………………………………………… 22
Philippine Website Containing Cordillera
Indigenous Knowledge……………………………………..................
22


Area Published ………………………………………………………..
26


Creator and/or Manager ……………………………………………… 28


Profile of the Webmaster ……………………………………………. 40


Characteristic of the Website ………………………………………… 42


Classification of Cordillera

IndigenousKnowledge ………………………………………………. 46


SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS


Summary ……………………………………………………………. 50


Conclusion …………………………………………………………... 51


Recommendation ……………………………………………………. 52

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LITERATURE CITED ………………………………………………………53
APPENDIX
A Website Information Sheet……………………………………….55
B Questionnaire (webmaster) ………………………………………56
C Electronic Database ……………………………………………… 57
DWebsites browsed on Cordillera IK in
the Philippine Page ……………………………………………… 58

 
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INTRODUCTION



Rationale

Cordillera is known to be rich in natural resources that is more famed for its huge
gold deposits and other minerals, pine forests, and rich soils and water sources that have
enabled Cordilleran’s to sustain Agriculture on mountainside rice terraces. But, aside
from its bountiful natural resources, Cordillera is known for its rich and diverse culture.
It is composed of closely-related Indigenous People (IPs), popularly known as
Igorots. However, Cordilleran’s are grouped into ethnic or ethno-linguistic identities such
as Apayao or Isneg, Tinggian, Kalinga, Bontoc, Kankanaey, Ibaloy, Ifugao and Bago.
These groupings, while acceptable, do not fully reflect the specific and the range of
differences among the region’s people. Usually these groupings are according to their
specific communities called ili or villages.
Indigenous Knowledge (IK) in the Cordilleras is unique because it embraces
insights, experience, skills, and creativity of IP’s. However, the advancement of new
innovations brought by science and technology took big changes to everyday situations
that even the IPs of the Cordilleras have to modify their way of life to cope with those
changes. This coping mechanism contributes to the rapid loss of IK.
As a result, IPsare in danger of losing their IK unless this generation makes an
effort to document it. Through documentation, incoming generations can better
understand and appreciate their own culture, thus helping to build and preserve the
traditions and practices of their elders that have contributed to environmental sustenance
and foundation of values.
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Though a number of Cordillera IK has already been documented through the
years in the forms of story books, video documentaries, journals, and the like, access to
these remain to be a challenge, both inside and outside the Cordilleras. Documentation
materials and products reach a limited number in the market, while altogether facing
raging commercialization in the industry.

On the other hand, the advent of modern technologies such as the Internet has
proven to be an effective tool in scaling the limiting factors on information dissemination
of IK. With the internet, diffusion of information on Cordillera IK is easier, faster, and
more convenient, considering the internet is an open and ready source of these.People can
use these technologies as a way to conserve Cordillera IK.

It is important to recognize the roles which networks play-or should play- in the
dissemination, valuing, and protection of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS). IK is
often passed on by word of mouth from generation to generation. People’s availability to
access and pass on information vary according to the available time, the degree of
literacy, access to written material, ability to travel, and control over household media
instruments (such as radios or televisions), which are themselves closely bound up with
the social, economic, and political context of the people (Appleton and Hill, 1994).

Information on IK being documented is in different forms and disseminated
through different ways or media but still not easily accessible to those who need it. There
is a need to list all information on IK to come up with an electronic database that can be a
source to those who need information on Cordillera culture. Philippine websites feature
Cordillera IK, hence this study.


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Statement of the Problem

There are plenty of information on Cordillera IK on the internet. However, there
are not enough electronic database that can help tell information seekers on what IK
information is available, what areas of IK have already been studied, and where they can
be located. To help provide this information, the studyanswered the following questions:
1. What websites published in the Philippines feature Cordillera Indigenous
Knowledge?
2. Where were the websites published and who are the creators and/or managers of
the websites?
3. Who are the webmaster/s of such sites and what are their reasons/motivations for
maintaining their site?
4. What are the characteristics of these websites?
5. What are the classifications of Cordillera Indigenous Knowledge featured in the
websites?


Objectives of the Study

The general objective of the study is to generate an electronic database on
Cordillera Indigenous Knowledge.
Specifically the study aims to:
1. List the Philippine websites that publish Cordillera Indigenous Knowledge.
2. Determine where the websites was published and the creators and/or managers of
the websites.

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3. Determine the socio-demographic profile of the webmaster and his
reasons/motivations for maintaining the website.
4. Characterize the websites on Cordillera Indigenous Knowledge based on the
following:
a. Language used
b. Number of visitors in terms of views and/or likes
5. Classify the Cordillera Indigenous Knowledgein the Philippine websites
according to the following:
a. Place featured
b. Category of Indigenous Knowledge
6. Create an electronic database for Cordillera Indigenous Knowledge.



Importance of the Study


The results of the study maycontribute to create an electronic database on
Cordillera IK which can serve as a reference for researchers of the same field and other
related fields who want to know what have been already published on the internet on
Cordillera IK.
This study may also contribute to the preservation of Cordillera IK.

Scope and Limitations of the Study


The study focused on the Philippine websites that publish Cordillera IK on the
internet.It also includes websites that belong to international organizations but were
published within the Philippine websites.
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The study is also limited to the official websites of the Philippines and some
Blogs that can be found within the Philippine pages. These websites are locally created or
based in the Cordillera and around the Philippines. Thus, social networking sites and
YouTube’s are not included.

Validation of the Cordillera IK published in the websites featured for accuracy is
not a part of the study.


















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REVIEW OF LITERATURE



Indigenous Knowledge
Indigenous knowledge (IK) as defined by Warren (1991) is the local knowledge –
knowledge that is unique to a given culture or society. IK contrasts with the international
knowledge system generated by universities, research institutions and private firms. It is
the basis for local-level decision making in agriculture, health care, food preparation,
education, natural-resource management, and a host of other activities in rural
communities.
Furthermore, International Institute for Rural Reconstruction (IIRR, 1996)
alsomentioned that Indigenous Knowledge is the knowledge that people in a given
community has developed over time and continues to develop. It is based on experience,
often tested over centuries of use, adaptation to local culture and environment, and
dynamic and changing Indigenous knowledge encompasses all form of knowledge like
technologies, know-how skills, practices and beliefs that enable the community to
achieve stable livelihoods in their environment.

Importance of Indigenous Knowledge

The World Bank Organization (1998) said thatin the emerging global knowledge
economy a country’s ability to build and mobilize knowledge capital, is equally essential
for sustainable development as the availability of physical and financial capital. The basic
component of any country’s knowledge system is its indigenous knowledge. It
encompasses the skills, experiences and insights of people, applied to maintain or
improve their livelihood.
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Emery (1996) also noted in his study that indigenous people can provide valuable
input about the local environment and how to effectively manage its natural resources.
Outside interest in indigenous knowledge systems has been fueled by the recent
worldwide ecological crisis and the realization that its causes lie partly in the
overexploitation of natural resources based on inappropriate attitudes and technologies.
Scientists now recognize that indigenous peoples have managed the environments in
which they have lived in for generations, often without significantly damaging local
ecologies.

Classification of Indigenous Knowledge

These are the types/kinds of Cordillera IK existing in the Cordillera region based
on Grenier’s (1998) classification of Cordillera IK- learning systems; local organizations,
controls, and enforcement; local classification and quantification; animals and animal
diseases; water; soil; agriculture; agroforestry and swidden agriculture and other topics in
his study “A Guide for Researchers”.
Learning systems. These comprise the indigenous methods of imparting
knowledge, indigenous approaches to innovation and experimentation, indigenous games,
and indigenous specialists.
Local organizations, controls, and enforcement. These include traditional
institutions for environmental management, common-property management practices,
traditional decision-making processes, conflict-resolution practices, traditional laws,
rights, taboos, and rituals, and community controls on harvesting.
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Local classification and quantification. This refers to a community’s definitions
and classification of phenomena and local flora and fauna, and indigenous methods of
counting and quantifying.
Human health. This covers nutrition, human-disease classification systems,
traditional medicine and the use of herbal remedies in treatment of diseases, and the
locations of medicinal plants, the proper times for collection, the most useful parts, and
the methods for preparing and storing medicine.
Animals and animal diseases. This area covers animal breeding and production,
traditional fodder and forage species and their specific uses, animal-disease classification,
and traditional ethno veterinary medicine.
Water. This consists of traditional water-management and water-conservation
systems, traditional techniques for irrigation, use of specific species for water
conservation, and freshwater and saltwater fisheries and aquatic-resource management.
Soil. This covers soil conservation practices, the use of specific species for soil
conservation, and soil-fertility enhancement practices.
Agriculture. This include indigenous indicators to determine favorable times to
prepare, plant, harvest gardens, land-preparation practices, indigenous ways to propagate
plants, seed storage and processing (drying, threshing, cleaning, and grading), seed
practices, indigenous methods of sowing (seeds spacing and intercropping), seedling
preparation and care, farming and cropping systems (for example, complementary
groupings), crop harvesting and storage, food processing and marketing, and pest-
management systems and plant-protection methods.
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Agroforestry and swidden agriculture. This comprises the indigenous techniques
used for recognizing potential swidden farmland and the criteria used for making choices
regarding its use, criteria and techniques used for allowing a farm to go fallow, fallow
management and uses, indigenous adaptations for intensification, changes adopted during
the shift to sedentary agriculture, the management of forest plots and the productivity of
forest plots, the knowledge and use of forest plants (and animals), and the
interrelationship between tree species, improved crop yields, and soil fertility.
Other topics may cover textiles and other local crafts, building materials, energy
conversion, indigenous tools, and changes to local systems overtime.


Furthermore, Tebtebba (2009) mention that Indigenous knowledge includes
information, practices and technologies, beliefs, tools, materials, experimentation,
biological resources, education and communication.

The Need for Disseminating IK
According to Adam (n.d.), an ICT development researchermany people still see
the Internet as a consumption tool—as a means of recreation, information gathering and
shopping, but the Internet has been a key resource for exchange of knowledge. A
significant amount work still remains in turning Internet and other technologies around to
facilitate the exchange of indigenous knowledge.
This brief paper attempted to discuss some of the salient features of IK and ICTs
and progress in integrating ICTs and knowledge management concepts into indigenous
knowledge systems. The integration of indigenous knowledge with modern thoughts,
respect for local innovations and improving the exchange oftraditional knowledge is
essential for sustainable development and for improved livelihoods.
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Internet as a Channel for Information
Dissemination

The Organization of Population Reference Bureau said that the ability to
disseminate and promote one’s work and research is an important component of
managing and communicatinghealth information. By disseminating information, an
organization can reach members of its target audience and have a greater impact on
policy and programming. The Internet can serve as an invaluable tool in this effort to
communicate health information across a wide audience. Information can be
disseminated through listservs or through the use of websites designed to promote
information for outside and member sources.
Green (2010) also posted in English Test Net that nowadays, the advancement of
Internet technology and the widespread in using the Internet has been influencing life in
today's world in many aspects. Availability of information provided by the Internet has
given us many opportunities to enhance our quality of lives, mostly in education,
business, and communication area. Today, the Government uses the Internet technology
for increasing quality and quantity of education. The settlement and payment of the
transaction can be handled by using the Internet banking. Finally, we can communicate or
interact with other people all over the world. By the Internet we can gain much
information about anything. Also, we can make friends from other countries. Moreover,
we can discuss anything with people who have the similar interest easily on line. It will
enhance our knowledge and have a better point of view.All in all, the widespread of
information that available on line has been changing our lives. We can benefit more from
this to increase the quality of our lives.
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Information sources available through the networks such as the Internet have
proliferated and diversified in recent years. Government agencies, various institutions,
commercial companies, and, more recently, individuals themselves, can disseminate
information and open their own databases to the use of others who have access to the
Internet services. End-users can easily get access to such information through the
Internet, download it, and use it for their own purposes (Tonta, 1995).

Availability of Information on Indigenous
Knowledge on the Internet

Scientists and local communities have already initiated efforts to document,
translate and bring IKS to the mainstream of society. These include relevant IKS that
have so far provided solutions or alternative to development problems in agriculture,
health and natural resources. Looking at IKSP as an alternative science, there is really a
need to unveil and further document relevant IKSP and enhance IKSP-based
development according to Ranganathan (2002).
He also added that there is acknowledgement of the importance of local
knowledge and the need to tailor information to be culturally sensitive and context-
specific. However, in this scheme, local knowledge is to be incorporated, implying that
the mainstream information will be that which flows from the developed world. Placing
indigenous knowledge at the heart of Education of Sustainable Development raises the
critical issue of ‘ownership’ of knowledge.






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Philippine Websites

Philippine websites as defined by the Philippine websites.com (1999) in their blog
site Philippine Website exploring your brown side is an online web system that provides
creative arts and technology within Philippine Community.

Our primary aim is to bring Philippine made website ahead on top among global
competitors and use it as trend markets for Philippine economy and success.

Webmasters
Webmasters make web sites. They turn words and art into Internet sites that
people can use. They give computers instructions about how words and art should look
on the computer screen.They make sure that people with different computers can use a
web site. They might build a site in a few different ways so that it is easy for different
computers to understand.Webmasters also try to make sites work faster. They keep the
size of files as small as they can so that it doesn't take a lot of time for a computer to
download.Webmasters test web sites, too. They watch people using a site to see if there
are any parts that are hard to use. If there are, webmasters fix them. Some of these
workers also meet with designers, helping to decide how a site should look and work
(Bureau of Labor and Statistics, 2011)

Web Standards
According to Weakly (2004), the term web standards can mean different things to
different people. A site built to web standards should ideally be lean, clean, CSS-based,
accessible, and usable and search engine friendly.
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Quality of code. Valid code will render faster than code with errors. Valid code
will render better than invalid code. Browsers are becoming more standards compliant,
and it is becoming increasingly necessary to write valid and standards compliant HTML.
Degree of separation between content and presentation. Use style sheets to
control layout and presentation
Accessibility for users. Provide a text equivalent for every non-text element. Use
relative rather than absolute units in markup language attribute values and style sheet
property values. A method shall be provided that permits users to skip repetitive
navigation links.
Accessibility for devices. Some people browse websites with images switched off
– especially people on very slow connections. Content should still be accessible for these
people.
Basic usability.Organise and prioritise the contents of a page by using size,
prominence and content relationships. The use of clear and simple language promotes
effective communication. Trying to come across as articulate can be as difficult to read as
poorly written grammar, especially if the language used isn’t the visitor’s primary
language.
Site management. You’ve requested a page – either by typing a URL directly into
the address bar or clicking on an out-of-date link and you’ve found yourself in the middle
of cyberspace nowhere. A user-friendly website will give you a helping hand while many
others will simply do nothing, relying on the browser’s built-in ability to explain what the
problem is.

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The Use of English Language on the Internet
According to Gupta (1997), the dominance of English in the Internet needs no
arguing for and that computers are in any case English-oriented. This is becauseNetscape
and Java are in English, the vocabulary of computing and of the Internet is
overwhelmingly English, and most of the texts that are accessed through it are in English.
Further, the search engines are in English and are based in the US. Gupta explained
thatthe reasons for the dominance of English are firstly historical -- the Internet began in
the USA, which is still the leading user of it, and the USA is an English-using nation.

Electronic Database
An electronic database is a collection of data arranged in a systematic way to
make the search easy and fast. In other words it is a computer-based collection or listing
of information, usually organized with searchable elements or fields. The most common
type of library database consists of records describing articles in journals or newspapers.
Retrieval from this information store is basically accomplished through a matching
process. The process of matching customer’s query against information in databases is
the essence of computerized information retrieval ( Electronic database.com, n.d.).
A database consists of organized pieces of information placed into records.
Within an electronic database, a computer program assists the user in selecting desired
pieces of data as defined by Suvillian University Library and Learning Resource Center
(2001).





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Operational Definition of Terms
Philippine website. This is a website that was listed by google.com limited to
searches only within Philippine pages.
Characteristics of website. This is according to language used and number of
visitors in terms of views and/ likes.
Language used. This is either English, Filipino, multi-lingual or others. English as
the universal language and Filipino as the national language of the Philippines.Multi-
lingual as the combination of English and any Cordilleran language such as Kankana-ey,
Ibaloi, Isneg, Tinggian, Kalinga, Bontoc, Ifugao and Bago. Lastly, others is defined as
any international language except English and Filipino.
Numbers of visit in terms of views and/or likes. This refers to those who viewed or
opened the website as well as those numbers who “like” the website by clicking this
option. These numbers are indicated on the websites.

Local websites. These websites were locally made or created in the Cordillera. It
is based in the six provinces of Cordillera.

National websites. These were websites made within the Philippines. It is based
anywhere around the country except Cordillera.

International websites.These were websites created by an international
organization but arebased and managed in the Philippines.

Creator and/or manager of websites. This indicates who created and manages the
website according to government organization, non government organization or private
individual.
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Private websites. These are websites that are created and managed by a private
individual.

Government websites.These are websites that are created and managed by the
government sector.

Non government websites.These are websites that are created by, non government
organization/s.




 
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METHODOLOGY

Locale and Time of the Study

The study was conducted in La Trinidad, Benguetthrough the use of the internet.
Philippine websites that contained Cordillera IK were surveyed andthe search engine
used was Google.com. On the other hand, web browsers Mozilla Firefox and Google
Chrome Philippineswere used to access these websites.
The study was conducted from December 2011 to January 2012.

Subjects of the Study

Fifty (50) Philippine websites were retrieved from the internet. Identification of
the Philippine websites is limited to searches using the search engine Google.com. In
Google, the option “pages from the Philippines” was chosen that would limit search to
Philippine websites.

These fifty websites were screened using the “Russ Weakly”web standards. These
websites were classified according to the following: those which were made in the six
provinces of the Cordillera-Benguet, Mt. Province, Ifugao, Abra, Kalinga, Apayao (local
websites); those which were made within the Philippine except Cordillera (national
websites); and those that were created outside the Philippines but can be found within the
Philippine webpage (international websites).

There were more than 300 websites browsed in the internet. There were also more
than 100 websites on Cordillera that were browsed, however, only those that contain
Indigenous Knowledge were included in the study. Table 1 summarizes the number of
website per area published and Table 2 summarizes the websitesincluded in the study
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Figure 1. Map of La Trinidad, Benguet showing the local of the study
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Figure 1.Search Engine Google.com.ph


Figure 2.Web browsers Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome Philippines




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Respondents of the Study

Ten webmasters were chosen purposively according to availability and
willingness of the person to be interviewed. However, out of ten webmasters chosen there
were only two webmasters who responded to the research. These webmasters were Gary
Pekas from the website “An Igorot’s Spirited Thoughts and OtherEssays” and
TzarCatiling from the website “Nurturing Indigenous Knowledge Experts.” These
websites were two of the 19 local websites based in the Philippines. Moreover, the
website “An Igorot’s Spirited Thoughts and Other Essays” was created and managed by a
private individual (Gary Pekas) while the website “Nurturing Indigenous Knowledge
Experts” was created by a non government organization and managed by webmaster
TzarCatiling.

Data Gathered

The data gathered were on Cordillera Indigenous Knowledge (IK) on the internet
within the Philippine webpage’s. The following details were identified: title of the
website, link, area published, creator and/or manager, number of visitors in terms of
views and/or like, language used, Cordillera IK based on place featured, and
classification of IK.

Data Collection

Data on the websites were collected by browsing the internet using Google
Chrome Philippines and Mozilla Firefox as the webs browsers and search
engineGoogle.com.ph. Using this search engine,the option “pages from the Philippines”
was chosen to limit searches only to Philippine pages. The keywords “websites on
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Cordillera Indigenous Knowledge within the Philippine pages” and “Cordillera
Indigenous Knowledge websites” were used to identify Philippine websites. The first 15
pages results of the keywords that consist of 150 websites were browsed. Fifty websites
were chosen after subjecting them to the Russ Weakly’s web standards.

To identify the creator of the websites and area where it is published, the profile
of the website was browsed by opening their “About Us” page. These were classified
whether the creators of the websites were government, non government, or private
individuals and whether these were published in the following areas: local, national, or
international.

The numbers of visitors in terms of views and/or likes were identified through the
homepage of the website from theicon
. Beside this icon is the number
of people who “like” the page. The “likes” from the homepage of the site is connected to
theirfacebook page that identifies the person who likes the website. On the other hand,
“views’ can also be found in their homepage indicating how many people viewed or
opened the website. The languages used wereeither as English, Filipino, Multi-lingual, or
others.

The webmasters were interviewedpersonally and through email.


Data Analysis
Content analysis was employed to characterize the website and classify the
Cordillera IK according to Grenier (1998). Tables and frequency counts was used to
collate and present the data. Lastly,it was interpreted through descriptive analysis.
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
Indigenous Knowledge /Jovy G. Gampol.l 2012

---

22 
 
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Philippine Website ContainingCordillera
Indigenous Knowledge (IK)


The Philippine websites listed were those who published or contain Cordillera IK.
These websites were made or based locally in the Cordillera or anywhere within the
Philippines. Others were part of an international organization but have a local based
website in the Philippines.

Table 1. Websites browsed on Cordillera IK in the Philippine Page.


NAME OF WEBSITES
WEBSITE LINK


LOCAL WEBSITES
1. Interactive Cordillera http://s4.zetaboards.com/Igorot_Pride/topic/925952
7/1/
http://s4.zetaboards.com/Igorot_Pride/topic/424044/
1/


2.An Igorot’s Spirited Thoughts http://spiritedthoughts.posterous.com/indigenous-
and Other Essays
mountain-resource-management-syste


3. Nurturing Indigenous
http://www.nikeprogramme.org/index.php?option=
Knowledge Experts
com_content&view=article&id=63&Itemid=76


4. Province of Benguet
http://www.benguet.gov.ph/index.php?option=com
_content&view=article&id=316&Itemid=328


5. Discover Abra
http://abra.gov.ph/home


6. Benguet State University
http://bsu.edu.ph


7. Sagada-Igorot.com
http://sagada-igorot.blogspot.com/


8. Mountainprovince.net
http://mountainprovince.net/
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
Indigenous Knowledge /Jovy G. Gampol.l 2012

---

23 
 
Table 1. Continued . . . . . . . . . . .


9. Cordillera People’s Alliance
http://www.cpaphils.org/campaigns/UNDRIP%20w
orkshop%20statement_23june08.htm


10. Center for Development
http://cdpckordilyera.org/
Programs in the Cordillera
CDCP, Inc.


11. Cordillera Voice
http://www.cordilleravoice.com/


12. KalingaTambayan
http://natsm16.proboards.com/index.cgi
http://users.cjb.net/kalingatambayan/bodong.htm


13. Sagada Your Philippine
http://sagada.org
Mountain Paradise


14. University of Philippines
http://www.upb.edu.ph/csc/
Baguio Cordillera Studies
Center


15. Cordillera as Captured by
http://tibaldoarts.tripod.com/index.html
Art Tibaldo


16. Tabuk City Kalinga
http://tabuk.gov.ph/Pagta.htm


17. Montanosa Research &
http://mrdcsagada.blogspot.com/
Development Center


18. Regional Development
http://cordillera.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_con
Council Cordillera
tent&task=view&id=498&Itemid=82


19. Local Government of
http://lgu.sagada.org/
Sagada

NATIONAL WEBSITE


20. Philippine Literature
http://litera1no4.tripod.com/isneg_frame.html


21. UPLB Research,
http://rdenews.uplb.edu.ph/index.php/feature-
Development and Extension
stories/38-biological-science/243-indigenous-
knowledge-scales-the-ivory-tower-of-nrm-science
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
Indigenous Knowledge /Jovy G. Gampol.l 2012

---

24 
 
Table 1. Continued . . . . . . . . . . .


22. The Philippine Tattoo
http://www.vanishingtattoo.com/tattoos_in_Philippi
Revival
nes.htm
23. National Commission for
http://ncip.gov.ph
Indigenous People


24. Philippine Ethnic Group
http://ethnicgroupsphilippines.com


25. National Commission for
http://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-
Culture in the Arts
on-c-n-a/article.php?igm=1&i=150


26. Kalinawan Art Foundation
http://www.kalinawa.com/detail.php?pagename=Re
lated%20Links


27. Philippine Information
http://www.pia.gov.ph/news/index.php?article=191
Agency
328846535


28. EedtfipEed Philippine
http://www.eedtfip.org/files/PAPER%20Indigenous
Partners Task Force for
%20Women%20and%20Food%20Sovereignty.pdf
Indigenous Peoples Rights


29. BlauEarth
http://blauearth.com/tag/central-cordillera/


30. Philippine Maps
http://philippinemaps.ph/filer/toledo-
cebu/Indigenous%20agroforestry.pdf

31. Philippine Tribal Tattoo
http://knink.com/content/tattoos/philippines-tribal-
tattoos.htm


INTERNATIONAL WEBSITES


32. Project Gutenberg
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/3308/3308-h/3308-
h.htm


33. Skyscraper City
http://www.skyscrapercity.com/archive/index.php/t-
591887.html
http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=
591887&page=2



Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
Indigenous Knowledge /Jovy G. Gampol.l 2012

---

25 
 
Table 1. Continued . . . . . . . . . . .
34. UNESCO Building Peace in http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001826/182
the minds of men and women
647e.pdf


35. Mountain Forum
http://www.mtnforum.org/sites/default/files/pub/81
3.pdf


36. NISCAIR Online
http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/1149
Periodicals Repository
7/1/IJTK%2010(2)%20227-238.pdf


37. International Labor
http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---
Organization
ed_norm/---
normes/documents/publication/wcms_100818.pdf


38. All Academic Research
http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_res
earch_citation/2/5/2/0/4/pages252048/p252048-
4.php


39. IDRC Archive
http://web.idrc.ca/en/ev-103664-201-1-
DO_TOPIC.html


40. Wageningen UR Digital
http://library.wur.nl/frontis/economics of poverty/
Library
08_omura.pdf


41. First Peoples Worldwide
http://www.firstpeoplesworldwide.org/publish/gsCo
rdilleraPeoplesAlliance.pdf


42. Ipcca portal
http://ipcca.info/ifugao/about/
43. Siam Pinoy Community
http://www.siampinoy.net/blogs.html?start=100
44. Sweet Potato Knowledge
http://sweetpotatoknowledge.org/crop-
Portal
management/socio-economic-
issues/Farmers%20indigenous%20knowledge%20o
f%20sweetpotato%20production%20and%20utiliza
tion.pdf


45. Food and Agriculture
http://www.fao.org/nr/giahs/pilot-
Organization of the United
systems/pilot/ifugao-rice-terraces/ifugao-rice-
Nations
terraces-detailed/en/


46. Indigenous Climate Portal
http://www.indigenousclimate.org/index.php?optio
n=com_content&view=article&id=160&Itemid=11
6&lang=en

Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
Indigenous Knowledge /Jovy G. Gampol.l 2012

---

26 
 
Table 1……………… continued

 
47. United Nation Foundation
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/722
48. SEAMEO SEARCA
http://www.searca.org/web/adss/2010/handouts/AD
Science and Education for
SS_Macandog_23Feb2010.pdf
Agriculture and Development


49. World Agroforestry Centre
http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/sea/Publica
tions/files/manual/MN0001-04/MN0001-04-4.PDF
50.Asian Development Bank http://aenet.org/ifugao/sagadb.htm


Area Publisheed

The area were the websites are published were almost equally distributed with
38% local and international each and 24% from national.
Local websites
National websites
International websites

Figure 2. Summary of area published

Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
Indigenous Knowledge /Jovy G. Gampol.l 2012

---

27 
 
LocalWebsites.Figure 2shows 19websites that contain Cordillera IK based or
made locally here in the Cordillera. These websites had more than one featured Cordillera
IK.The leading website is “Interactive Cordillera” that contains 83 published Cordillera
IK followed by the website “An Igorot’s Spirited Thoughts and Other Essays” that is
created and managed by Gary Pekas with 67 Cordillera IK. Third in rank is “Nurturing
Indigenous Knowledge Experts” (NIKE) that is created by TzarCatiling with 63
Cordillera IK. All the featured IK were originated in Mt. Province particularly from the
municipality of Besao. This is also created and managed by a non government
organization the same as through with NIKE, however, for NIKE it is supported by
government. In contrary, “An Igorot’s Spirited Thoughts and Other Essays” is created
and managed by a private individual who is from Sagada, Mt. Province.

NationalWebsites. Table 3 shows 12 websites that contain Cordillera IK, based in
the Philippines. The highest number of Cordillera IK publishedwith 47 is published by
the website Philippine Literature.This is followed by UPLB Research, Development and
Extension and Philippine Tattoo Revival with 17 published Cordillera IK each. Others
were ranging from one (1) to four (4) published Cordillera IK. UPLB Research,
Development and Extension was categorized under government organization. On the
other hand, Philippine Tattoo Revival is created and managed by a non government
organization and most of the published/featured Cordillera IKwere from Bontoc, Mt.
Province, Kalinga, and Apayao.

InternationalWebsites.Table 4 shows 19 websites that contain Cordillera IK
belonging to an international organization. The website Project Gutenberg is leading with
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
Indigenous Knowledge /Jovy G. Gampol.l 2012

---

28 
 
51 published Cordillera IK. Project Gutenberg is the first and largest single collection of
free electronic books, or eBooks. Michael Hart, founder of Project Gutenberg, invented
eBooks in 1971 and continues to inspire the creation of eBooks and related technologies
today.The Project Gutenberg EBook of The BontocIgorot, by Albert Ernest Jenksand
produced by JeroenHellingman is where the 51 Cordillera IK were retrieved. The website
Skycraper City with 30 Cordillera IK follows second and UNESCO Building Peace in the
minds of men and womenranks third. These websites are both managed by a non
government organization.

Creator and/or Manager


Most (70%) of the websites were created by a non government organization
followed by government organization (22%) only few (8%) were created and is managed
byy a private individual.
Non Government Organization
Government Organization
Private Individual
0%
8%
n=4
22%
n=11
70%
n=35

Figure 3. Summary of creators and/or managers of the websites
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
Indigenous Knowledge /Jovy G. Gampol.l 2012

---

29 
 
Table 2. Local websites containing Cordillera indigenous knowledge



No. of
NAME OF WEBSITES
WEBSITE LINK
Cordi.
(N=19)
IK

Interactive Cordillera
http://s4.zetaboards.com/Igorot_Pride/topic/9
83
259527/1/
http://s4.zetaboards.com/Igorot_Pride/topic/4
24044/1/



An Igorot’s Spirited
http://spiritedthoughts.posterous.com/indigen
67
Thoughts and Other Essays ous-mountain-resource-management-syste




Nurturing Indigenous
http://www.nikeprogramme.org/index.php?op
63
Knowledge Experts
tion=com_content&view=article&id=63&Ite
mid=76



Province of Benguet
http://www.benguet.gov.ph/index.php?option
27
=com_content&view=article&id=316&Itemid
=328



Discover Abra
http://abra.gov.ph/home
8





Benguet State University
http://bsu.edu.ph
8



Sagada-Igorot.com
http://sagada-igorot.blogspot.com/
4
Mountainprovince.net http://mountainprovince.net/ 4



Cordillera People’s
http://www.cpaphils.org/campaigns/UNDRIP
3
Alliance
%20workshop%20statement_23june08.htm



Center for Development
http://cdpckordilyera.org/
1
Programs in the Cordillera

CDCP, Inc.



University of Philippines
http://www.upb.edu.ph/csc/
1
Baguio Cordillera Studies
Center



Sagada Your Philippine
http://sagada.org
1
Mountain Paradise
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
Indigenous Knowledge /Jovy G. Gampol.l 2012

---

30 
 
Table 2…………….. continued




KalingaTambayan
http://natsm16.proboards.com/index.cgi
1
http://users.cjb.net/kalingatambayan/bodong.h

tm
Cordillera Voice
http://www.cordilleravoice.com/ 1



Cordillera as Captured by
http://tibaldoarts.tripod.com/index.html
1
Art Tibaldo



Tabuk City Kalinga
http://tabuk.gov.ph/Pagta.htm
1



Montanosa Research &
http://mrdcsagada.blogspot.com/
1
Development Center



Regional Development
http://cordillera.gov.ph/index.php?option=co
1
Council Cordillera
m_content&task=view&id=498&Itemid=82



Local Government of
http://lgu.sagada.org/
1
Sagada












Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
Indigenous Knowledge /Jovy G. Gampol.l 2012

---

31 
 
Table 3. National website containing Cordillera indigenous knowledge



No. of
NAME OF WEBSITE
WEBSITE LINK
Cordi.
(N=12)
IK




Philippine Literature
http://litera1no4.tripod.com/isneg_fram
47
e.html



UPLB Research, Development
http://rdenews.uplb.edu.ph/index.php/fe
17
and Extension
ature-stories/38-biological-science/243-
indigenous-knowledge-scales-the-ivory-
tower-of-nrm-science



The Philippine Tattoo Revival
http://www.vanishingtattoo.com/tattoos
17
_in_Philippines.htm

National Commission for
http://ncip.gov.ph 6
Indigenous People



Philippine Ethnic Group
http://ethnicgroupsphilippines.com
4



National Commission for Culture http://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-
3
in the Arts
arts/articles-on-c-n-
a/article.php?igm=1&i=150



Kalinawan Art Foundation
http://www.kalinawa.com/detail.php?pa
1
gename=Related%20Links



Philippine Information Agency
http://www.pia.gov.ph/news/index.php?
1
article=191328846535



EedtfipEed Philippine Partners
http://www.eedtfip.org/files/PAPER%2
1
Task Force for Indigenous
0Indigenous%20Women%20and%20Fo
Peoples Rights
od%20Sovereignty.pdf



BlauEarth
http://blauearth.com/tag/central-
1
cordillera/



Philippine Maps
http://philippinemaps.ph/filer/toledo-
1
cebu/Indigenous%20agroforestry.pdf

Philippine Tribal Tattoo
http://knink.com/content/tattoos/philippi
1
nes-tribal-tattoos.htm

Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
Indigenous Knowledge /Jovy G. Gampol.l 2012

---

32 
 
Table 4. International websites containing Cordillera indigenous knowledge



No. of
NAME OF WEBSITE
WEBSITE LINK
Cordi. IK
(N=19)




Project Gutenberg
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/3308/330
51
8-h/3308-h.htm



Skyscraper City
http://www.skyscrapercity.com/archive/i
30
ndex.php/t-591887.html
http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthre
ad.php?t=591887&page=2
UNESCO Building Peace in
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/0
28
the minds of men and women
01826/182647e.pdf



Mountain Forum
http://www.mtnforum.org/sites/default/fil
13
es/pub/813.pdf



NISCAIR Online Periodicals
http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/12345
10
Repository
6789/11497/1/IJTK%2010(2)%20227-
238.pdf



International Labor
http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/publi
10
Organization
c/---ed_norm/---
normes/documents/publication/wcms_10
0818.pdf



All Academic Research
http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p_m
7
la_apa_research_citation/2/5/2/0/4/pages
252048/p252048-4.php



IDRC Archive
http://web.idrc.ca/en/ev-103664-201-1-
4
DO_TOPIC.html




Wageningen UR Digital
http://library.wur.nl/frontis/economics_of
3
Library
_poverty/08_omura.pdf



First Peoples Worldwide
http://www.firstpeoplesworldwide.org/pu
3
blish/gsCordilleraPeoplesAlliance.pdf



Ipcca portal
http://ipcca.info/ifugao/about/ 
2



Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
Indigenous Knowledge /Jovy G. Gampol.l 2012

---

33 
 
Table 4………………. continued

 

Siam Pinoy Community
http://www.siampinoy.net/blogs.html?sta
2
rt=100
Sweet Potato Knowledge
http://sweetpotatoknowledge.org/crop-
2
Portal
management/socio-economic-
issues/Farmers%20indigenous%20knowl
edge%20of%20sweetpotato%20producti
on%20and%20utilization.pdf



Food and Agriculture
http://www.fao.org/nr/giahs/pilot-
2
Organization of the United
systems/pilot/ifugao-rice-terraces/ifugao-
Nations
rice-terraces-detailed/en/



Indigenous Climate Portal
http://www.indigenousclimate.org/index.
1
php?option=com_content&view=article&
id=160&Itemid=116&lang=en

 

United Nation Foundation
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/722
1
SEAMEO SEARCA Science
http://www.searca.org/web/adss/2010/ha
1
and Education for Agriculture
ndouts/ADSS_Macandog_23Feb2010.pdf
and Development



World Agroforestry Centre
http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/s
1
ea/Publications/files/manual/MN0001-
04/MN0001-04-4.PDF



Asian Development Bank
http://aenet.org/ifugao/sagadb.htm
1








Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
Indigenous Knowledge /Jovy G. Gampol.l 2012

---

34 
 
Private Websites. These websites are managed by a private individual who serves
as the webmaster of the site that is responsible for maintaining and updating the webpage
and its content. Figure 3 shows four private websites that contains Cordillera IK. Three of
the websites namely: Sagada-Igorot.com, Cordillera as Captured by Art Tibaldo, and An
Igorot’s Spirited Thoughts and Others Essays were also published locally while only the
Wageningen UR Digital Library was published in international website.


Government Organization. These websites are managed and created by the
government. Table 6 shows 11 websites managed and created by the government. Out of
the eleven (7) websites there were three (3) academic institutions that published
Cordillera IK in this websites. These were: Benguet State University, University of the
Philippines Los Banos, and University of the Philippines Baguio.Two of these academic
institutions are based in the Cordillera.This implies that only a few academic institutions
based on the Cordillera published Cordillera IK on their website. Seven (7) of the
websites created by the government with Cordillera IK were published locally while four
(4) were published nationally.


Non Government Organization. These websites were made and managed by
different non government organizations. Out of the 35 websites created by non
government organization, 19 were published by an international group, while only seven
(7) and nine (9) were published within the national and local areas, respectively.

This implies that non government organizations within the Philippines do not
publish enough articles on Cordillera IK on their websites.


Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
Indigenous Knowledge /Jovy G. Gampol.l 2012

---

35 
 
Table 5.Philippine websites that contain Cordillera IK created and managed by a private
individual



NAME OF WEBSITE
WEBSITE LINK
(N=4)

LOCAL WEBSITES


Sagada-Igorot.com
http://sagada-igorot.blogspot.com/


Cordillera as captured by Art
http://tibaldoarts.tripod.com/index.html
Tibaldo


An Igorot’s Spirited Thoughts
http://spiritedthoughts.posterous.com/indigenous-
and Other Essays
mountain-resource-management-syste 


INTERNATIONAL WEBSITES


Wageningen UR Digital Library
http://library.wur.nl/frontis/economics of poverty/
08_omura.pdf






















Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
Indigenous Knowledge /Jovy G. Gampol.l 2012

---

36 
 
Table 6.Philippine websites that contain Cordillera IK created and managed by the
government



NAME OF WEBSITE
WEBSITE LINK
(N=11)

LOCAL WEBSITES


University of the Philippines
http://www.upb.edu.ph/csc/
Baguio Cordillera Studies Center


Local Government of Sagada
http://lgu.sagada.org/


Benguet State University
http://bsu.edu.ph
Tabuk City Kalinga
http://tabuk.gov.ph/Pagta.htm
Discover Abra
http://abra.gov.ph/home
Province of Benguet
http://www.benguet.gov.ph/index.php?option=co
m_content&view=article&id=316&Itemid=328 


NATIONAL WEBSITES



Regional Development Council
http://cordillera.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_co
Cordillera
ntent&task=view&id=498&Itemid=82


National Commission for Culture
http://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-
in the Arts
on-c-n-a/article.php?igm=1&i=150


National Commission Indigenous
http://ncip.gov.ph
People


Philippine Information Agency
http://www.pia.gov.ph/news/index.php?article=19
1328846535


UPLB Research, Development and http://rdenews.uplb.edu.ph/index.php/feature-
Extension
stories/38-biological-science/243-indigenous-
knowledge-scales-the-ivory-tower-of-nrm-science


Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
Indigenous Knowledge /Jovy G. Gampol.l 2012

---

37 
 
Table 7.Philippine websites that contains Cordillera IK created and managed by non
government organization.



NAME OF WEBSITE
WEBSITE LINK
(N=34)

LOCAL WEBSITES


Interactive Cordillera
http://s4.zetaboards.com/Igorot_Pride/topic/9259
527/1/
http://s4.zetaboards.com/Igorot_Pride/topic/4240
44/1/
Center for Development Programs in
http://cdpckordilyera.org/
the Cordillera CDCP, Inc.


Nurturing Indigenous Knowledge
http://www.nikeprogramme.org/index.php?optio
Experts
n=com_content&view=article&id=63&Itemid=7
6


KalingaTambayan
http://natsm16.proboards.com/index.cgi


Mountainprovince.net
http://www.mountainprovince.net


Montanosa Research & Development
http://mrdcsagada.blogspot.com/
Center
Cordillera People’s Alliance
http://www.cpaphils.org/campaigns/UNDRIP%2
0workshop%20statement_23june08.htm


Sagada Your Philippine Mountain
http://sagada.org
Paradise


Cordillera Voice
http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?
t=591887&page=2 

NATIONAL WEBSITE

 
Indigenous Climate Portal
http://www.indigenousclimate.org/index.php?opt
ion=com_content&view=article&id=160&Itemi
d=116&lang=en
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
Indigenous Knowledge /Jovy G. Gampol.l 2012

---

38 
 
Table 7……….. continued


Kalinawan Art Foundation
http://www.kalinawa.com/detail.php?pagename=
Related%20Links


Philippine Literature
http://litera1no4.tripod.com/isneg_frame.html


BlauEarth
http://blauearth.com/tag/central-cordillera/


Philippine Maps
http://philippinemaps.ph/filer/toledo-
cebu/Indigenous%20agroforestry.pdf


The Philippine Tattoo Revival
http://www.siampinoy.net/blogs.html?start=100


Philippine Tribal Tattoo
http://knink.com/content/tattoos/philippines-
tribal-tattoos.htm
Philippine Ethnic Group
http://ethnicgroupsphilippines.com


INTERNATIONAL WEBSITE


Mountain Forum
http://www.mtnforum.org/sites/default/files/pub/
813.pdf


First Peoples Worldwide
http://www.firstpeoplesworldwide.org/publish/gs
CordilleraPeoplesAlliance.pdf


Sweet Potato Knowledge Portal
http://sweetpotatoknowledge.org/crop-
management/socio-economic-
issues/Farmers%20indigenous%20knowledge%2
0of%20sweetpotato%20production%20and%20u
tilization.pdf


United Nation Foundation
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/722


SEAMEO SEARCA Science and
http://www.searca.org/web/adss/2010/handouts/
Education for Agriculture and
ADSS_Macandog_23Feb2010.pdf
Development

 
UNESCO Building Peace in the
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001826/1
minds of men and women
82647e.pdf


Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
Indigenous Knowledge /Jovy G. Gampol.l 2012

---

39 
 
Table 7……………. continued

 
Food and Agriculture Organization of http://www.fao.org/nr/giahs/pilot-
the United Nations
systems/pilot/ifugao-rice-terraces/ifugao-rice-
terraces-detailed/en/


World Agroforestry Centre
http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/sea/Publ
ications/files/manual/MN0001-04/MN0001-04-
4.PDF


EedtfipEed Philippine Partners Task
http://www.eedtfip.org/files/PAPER%20Indigen
Force for Indigenous Peoples Rights
ous%20Women%20and%20Food%20Sovereignt
y.pdf


All Academic Research
http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_
research_citation/2/5/2/0/4/pages252048/p25204
8-4.php


NISCAIR Online Periodicals
http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/11
Repository
497/1/IJTK%2010(2)%20227-238.pdf


IDRC Archive
http://web.idrc.ca/en/ev-103664-201-1-
DO_TOPIC.html


International Labor Organization
http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---
ed_norm/---
normes/documents/publication/wcms_100818.pd
f


Skyscraper City
http://www.skyscrapercity.com/archive/index.ph
p/t-591887.html


Ipcca portal
http://ipcca.info/ifugao/about/


Siam Pinoy Community
http://www.siampinoy.net/blogs.html?start=100
Asian Development Bank
http://aenet.org/ifugao/sagadb.htm
Project Gutenberg
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/3308/3308-
h/3308-h.htm


Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
Indigenous Knowledge /Jovy G. Gampol.l 2012

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40 
 
Profile of the webmaster
Tzar F. Catiling. One of the webmasters interviewed was Tzar,30 years old. He is
an IT specialist of Nurturing Indigenous Knowledge Experts or NIKE from Poblacion,
Kiangan, Ifugao, and is from the Ifugao-tuwali tribe.
Catiling created the website “Nurturing Indigenous Knowledge Experts” or NIKE
which contains information about Ifugao Indigenous Knowledge. According to him, the
objective of creating the website is to upload all researches about Ifugao Indigenous
Knowledge, including published and unpublished works. Posting all researches in the
web are for the students to be able to access information about Ifugao Indigenous
knowledge since some information on Ifugao IK are integrated in the curriculum of
elementary and public high schools through the Department of Education, as well as in
the tertiary level as in the case of the Ifugao State University.
The website is also intended for other researchers to access the published
information.
Catiling said that creating a website for Cordillera IK is an effective form of
disseminating information for people to better understand the culture. Likewise, it could
be a good way of preserving the culture. Since most people use the internet, they can
have an easy access when researching about the topic wherever they go.
One of the challenges in using the internet for information dissemination,
according to Catiling, is plagiarism. He said that some people copy similar information
and publish the same articles in other sites. In this case, his team publishes a book or
article and copyrights it to the national library to avoid such problem.
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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41 
 
Maintaining the website is a way of showing passion in understanding culture. As
long as there is something new to include on the website, there will always be updates for
its improvement, Catiling emphasized.
Gary Pekas. Gary Pekas is47 years old from Sagada, Mt. Province and a graduate
of AB Political Science. He is the creator of the website “An Igorot’sSprited Thoughts
and Others Essays”.
Pekas created the website as his way to publish his works and to make them
available to the public. According to him, website will serve as reference for the student,
organizations, and curious people on the culture and Indigenous Knowledge Systems in
the Cordillera. In addition, Pekas said that being a writer all he wants is for his work to be
read by the people. For him, one effective way for doing that is to create a website that
will publish his works and researches.
Pekas also mentioned that one challenge in using the internet for disseminating
Cordillera IK is plagiarism. He believes that his works have been plagiarized many times.
In his reason for maintaining the website, Pekas said that he simply likes his work
to be read and to be available to the public.




Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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Characteristics of the Websites


Language Used. Allthe websites used English except for the website Interactive
Cordillera that uses Filipino to publish Cordillera IK. There were also no website that
used multi-lingual languages. This is expected since the internet can be accessed by
different people with different nationalities and English is the universal language.

This corroborates Gupta (1997), who said that the dominance of English in the
Internet needs no arguing for and that computers are in any case English-oriented. This is
becauseNetscape and Java are in English, the vocabulary of computing and of the Internet
is overwhelmingly English, and most of the texts that are accessed through it are in
English. Further, the search engines are in English and are based in the US. Gupta
explained thatthe reasons for the dominance of English are firstly historical -- the Internet
began in the USA, which is still the leading user of it, and the USA is an English-using
nation.
Number of visitors. Most of the websites had“likes” indicators in their webpage.
The website Siam Pinoy Community have the most number of likes with 5,234,933
followed by National Commission for Culture and the Arts with 1,117,775 while the
website Discover Abra is leading with 867, 108 in views followed by UPLB Research,
Development and Extension with 466,409.
Table 9 shows that there were four websites that have the icon “view” on their
homepage. Thesewere the websites DiscoverAbra with 867,108 followed byUPLB
Research, Development and Extension with 466,409, Cordillera Voice with 284,405 and
Philippines Tribal Tattoo with 11, 863.
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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On the other hand, Table 10 shows that there were three websites that contain
both “views” and “like” in their homepage. These websites were Discover Abra who has
the highest number of “views” with 867, 108 but got the lowest number of “likes” with
46 among the three websites. UPLB Research, Development and Extension is second in
number in terms of “views” with 466, 409 but got the highest number in terms of “likes”
with 13, 579. Lastly, Cordillera Voicewith least number of “views” with 284,405 and
second in “likes” with 162.
On the other hand, there were nineteen websites that do not have “likes” and/or
“views” on their webpage. Most of the website that do not have likes and/or views were
from the local website with eight websites then followed by international websites with
six and lastly by national websites with three.
The date retrieved varied from January 11, February 11, February 14, and
February 18. However, this does not affect the number of the likes or views of the
websites. Most of the websites that got the higher number of like were older than the
others and the more popular the more likes or views. Moreover, six of the top 10 highest
number of likes were international websites.

Table 8.Number of visitors in terms of likes




NAME OF WEBSITE
DATE RETRIEVED
LIKES
(n=29)




Siam Pinoy Community
Feb. 14, 2012
5,234,933



National Commission for Culture in the Arts
Jan. 11, 2012
1,117,775



Interactive Cordillera
Jan. 11, 2012
72,144
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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Table 8…………….continued



UNESCO Building Peace in the minds of men
Jan. 11, 2012
52,129
and women



Food and Agriculture Organization of the
Jan. 11, 2012
48,078
United Nations



Project Gutenberg
Feb. 14, 2012
5, 536



University of Baguio Cordillera Studies Center
Feb. 14, 2012
5,453



Asian Development Bank
Feb. 18, 2012
4,865



IDRC Archive
Jan. 11, 2012
3,279



Tabuk City Kalinga
Feb. 14, 2012
2,965



Province of Benguet
Feb. 14, 2012
2,238



World Agroforestry Centre
Jan. 11, 2012
1,594



Skycraper City
Feb. 18, 2012
1,459



International Labor Organization
Feb. 18, 2012
1,200



Philippine Information Agency
Feb. 14, 2012
1,011



SEAMEO SEARCA Science and Education for Jan. 11, 2012
553
Agriculture and Development



First Peoples Worldwide
Jan. 11, 2012
273



Benguet State University
Feb. 14, 2012
186



Philippine Literature
Feb. 18, 2012
146



Regional Development Council Cordillera
Jan. 11, 2012
112



Nurturing Indigenous Knowledge Experts
Jan. 11, 2012
111



Mountain Forum
Feb. 14, 2012
109



United Nation Foundation
Jan. 11, 2012
84
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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Table 8……………..continued



Cordillera People’s Alliance
Feb. 14, 2012
26



Kalinawan Art Foundation
Feb. 14, 2012
25



Indigenous Climate Portal
Jan. 11, 2012
23



An Igorot’s Spirited Thoughts and Other Essays Jan. 11, 2012
17



National Commission for Indigenous People
Feb. 14, 2012
8
BlauEarth
Jan. 11, 2012
5

Table 9. Number of visitors in terms of views



NAME OF WEBSITE
VIEWS
LIKE
(n=4)



Discover Abra
867,108
UPLB Research, Development and


Extension
466,409
Cordillera Voice
284,405

Philippines Tribal Tattoo
11,863



Table 10. Number of visitors in terms of both views and likes



NAME OF WEBSITE
VIEWS
LIKE
(n=4)




Discover Abra
867,108
46
UPLB Research, Development and
466,409 13,579
Extension
Cordillera Voice
284,405
162
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
Indigenous Knowledge /Jovy G. Gampol.l 2012

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Classification of Cordillera IK
Place Featured. Table 11 shows that Mt. Province (30%) has the most number of
Cordillera IK published on the internet.
Locally, there were more websites featuring Mt. Province especially from the
municipalities of Bontoc and Sagada. Sagada is one of the more tourists destinations in
the Cordillera known for its caves and landscapes that encourages people from there or
tourists to feature the place.In studying the place or the tourist spots it includes the
different indigenous way to maintain the place/tourist spots.
For national websites, Interactive Cordillera had the most number of Cordillera IK
published. More Cordillera IKs were published on Mt. Province, Benguet, and Ifugao.

Furthermore, Ifugaowas also one of the leading provinces featuredon the internet
because of its famous man made rice terraces that is more famed by the mountain
engineering all around the place. Because of this, researches of this place have been
conducted all around the world that includes the people with its practices and beliefs.
Lastly, 22% of the published Cordillera IK were termed general as Cordillera. The
websitedid not specifically name a province from the Cordillera were the IK originated
Classification of IK. The Cordillera IK published in the internet were classified
based on the scope of IK research of Grenier (1998). These are learning systems, local
organizations, controls, and enforcement, local classification and quantification, human
health, animals and animal diseases, water, soil, agriculture, and agroforestry and
swidden agriculture. This is also to be consistent with the other surveys done for the
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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47 
 
compilation of Cordillera IK. However, other classifications of Grenier were not use
since there were no IK found in the websites that fell under them.
Rituals and belief and Music, Dance, and Instruments are treated as one
classification each instead of being just a part of Local Organizations, Controls, and
Enforcement. This is to give emphasis to its sub-areas that were commonly studied. Table
12 shows the classification of Cordillera IK most published in the websites.
There were 549 total of Cordillera IK browsed in the Philippine websites-local
websites, national websites, international websites.

Table 11. Classification of Cordillera IK on place featured



PLACE OF ORIGIN
FREQUENCY (n)
PERCENTAGE (%)




Mt. Province
15
30



Benguet
10

20



Ifugao
9
18



Kalinga
7
14
Abra 3
6
Apayao 2
4
*There were 11 websites that featured Cordillera in general.





Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
Indigenous Knowledge /Jovy G. Gampol.l 2012

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48 
 
Table 12. Classification of IK according to Grenier (1998)



CLASSIFICATION
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE (%)
(n= 549)



Rituals and Beliefs
198
36
Music, Dance, Instrument
78
14.2
Agriculture 74
13.50
Local classification and Quantification
62
11.29
Local Organization, Controls, and
59 10.75
Enforcement
Agroforestry and Swidden Agriculture
36
6.56
Learning Systems
23
4.19
Human Health
12
2.19
Animals and Animal Diseases
7
1.28





Articles on Rituals and Beliefs (36%) were published the most followed by Music,
Dance, and Instruments. Some degrees of significance were also gained from Agriculture
(13.50%), Local Classification and Quantification (11.29%) and Local Organization,
Controls, and Enforcement (10.75%). This implies that the creators and managers of
these websites put more focus on topics that fall under non material culture. Few were
featured topics on knowledge practices such as Agroforestry andSwidden Agriculture
(6.56%), Learning Systems (4.19%), Human Health, (2.19%), and Animals and Animal
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
Indigenous Knowledge /Jovy G. Gampol.l 2012

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49 
 
Diseases (1.28%). This may be due to the increasing effects of the Philippines to promote
tourism in the country by highlighting its various indigenous cultures.
However, material culture as defined by Sharp (2012) refers to the physical
features that define a particular culture, society, or group, such as homes, schools,
businesses, churches, nightlife, etc. These structures develop a perceptual schema of
describing the members and overall atmosphere of a society
He added thatnon-material culture refers to the non-physical aspects (languages,
symbols, norms, values) of a culture or society which serve to define the feelings, morals,
or beliefs of the people in that group.











Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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50
   
 
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary

The place where the websites were published were almost equally distributed with
38% local and international each and 24% from national. Majority of these websites were
created and managed by non government organizations and most of them were published
by international websites. Fewer were created by government organizations and private
individuals.

Only one of the websites used Filipino language in their website and the rest used
the English language. In terms of views and/or likes, only three websites had both views
and likes indicators on their website. Siam Pinoy Community had most likes and
Discover Abra had most views.

Mountain Province was featured most especially topics on the practices done on
its tourist spots. There were a few featured Apayao and Abra.

On theother hand, the Cordillera IK were classified most under Rituals and
Beliefs and Music, Dance, and Instrument. Lesser topics were published on Human
Health and Animals and Animal diseases.

According to the webmasters interviewed the reason for creating and managing
theses websites are: For researchers who want to access and published information, to
upload researches about Indigenous Knowledge including published or unpublished work,
purposively for students to have accessinformation on Indigenous Knowledge, and to
make works on Cordillera IK available to the public.


Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
Indigenous Knowledge /Jovy G. Gampol.l 2012

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Conclusions
Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were drawn:
1. There are initiatives by the people outside and inside the Cordillera in trying to
feature and published Cordillera indigenous knowledge on the internet.
2. There were more articles published on non material culture published on the
internet.
3. The creators of the websites are varied coming from international, national, and
local.
4. Although the Cordillera has many languages still the English language is used to
publishtheir work in the internet.
5. Websites with many articles published on a specific topic will have more people
liking it. However, there were other organizations with many links despite having fewer
articles may still have more “likes.”
6. Some information on Cordillera IK published in some websites were not in-depth,
thus needing additional information from other sources.
















Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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Recommendations
Based on conclusions, the following recommendations are forwarded:
1. Webmasters of the different Philippine websites must be encouraged to publish
more Cordillera IK so that they can be an instrument in cultural education.
2. Philippine websites must also add more information on the different fields of
Cordillera IK.
3. Compilation of Cordillera IK already published in varied forms should be a
continuous activity in order to help conserve the IK.
4. A similar study may be done but instead considering websites from the general
search on Google, thus more inventories of Cordillera IK should be done.
5. Create a network where compilation of Cordillera IK studied will be published.

 
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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53
 
 
LITERATURE CITED

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KnowledgeManagement and Indigenous Knowledge: Implications to Livelihood
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05,
2011,
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df

APPLETON, H.E. and C.L.M. HILL. 1994. Gender and Indigenous Knowledge in

Various Organizations. Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor. 2(3):8.

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. 2011. Webmaster. December 05, 2011 from
http://www.bls.gov/k12/computers05.htm

EMERY, A. R. 1996. The Participation of Indigenous Peoples and Their Knowledge in
Environmental Assesment and Development Planning (draft). Center for
Traditional Knowledge: Ottawa, Canada.


GREEN, T. 2010. The widespread use the Internet and availability of information have

changed our life. December 12, 2011 from http://www.english-
test.net/forum/ftopic55458.html


GRENIER, L. 1998. Working with Indigenous Knowledge: A Guide for Researchers.

Ottawa, Canada: The International Development Research Centre (IDRC). Pp. 5-
6.


GUPTA, A.F. 1997. The Internet &The English Language. February 29, 2012 from
http://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/ellibst/poco/paper6.html

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RURAL RECONSTRUCTION. 1996. Recording

and Using Indigenous Knowledge: A Manual Silang, Cavite: International

Institution of Rural Reconstruction. P.8.


POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU. 2003. Using the Internet to Disseminate
Information. Retrieved December 05, 2011, from
http://www.prb.org/pdf04/UsingInternetDissemInfo.pdf.

RANGANATHAN, A. 2002.Using ICT to place Indigenous Knowledge Systems at the

heart of Education for Sustainable Development. Retrieved December 05, 2011fro
m
http://www.ceeindia.org/esf/download/paper47.pdf

SAMSUN, J. 1999. Philippine Website Exploring your Brown Side. Retrieved December

05, 2011 from http://www.philippinewebsite.com/ 
 
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
Indigenous Knowledge /Jovy G. Gampol.l 2012

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54
 

SHARP, M. 2012. Material Culture and Non-material Culture. Retrieved March 18, 2012
fromhttp://www.thespiritwiki.com/index.php/Material_Culture_and_Non-
material_Culture

SULLIVAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY AND LEARNING CENTER. 2001. What an

Electronic Database Is (And Is Not). Retrieved December 04, 2011 from
http://library.suvillian.edu/old/CSS/databasedescription.htm.

TONTA, Y. 1995. Internet: An innovation Environment for Information Dissemination,

Access, and Retrieval in Distance Education Subjects. February 29, 2012 from
http://eprints.rclis.org/handle/10760/9461#.T0pb4YFwtG8

WEAKLY, R. 2004.Web Standard Checklist. Retrieved December 04, 2011 from
http://maxdesign.com.au/articles/checklist/


WARREN, D. M. 1991 The World Bank. Indigenous knowledge for development a

framework for action. December 05, 2011, Africa region, Knowledge and

Learning Center: http://www.worldbank.org/afr/ik/ikrept.pdf

WORLD BANK. 1998. Indigenous knowledge for development a framework for

action. December 05, 2011, Africa region, Knowledge and Learning Center:
http://www.worldbank.org/afr/ik/ikrept.pdf


 
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55
   
 
APPENDIX A


Website Information Sheet

Benguet State University
College of Agriculture
DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION

Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera Indigenous Knowledge

Website Title: ______________________________________________________
Link: ____________________________________________________________
Area Published: ____________________________________________________
Creator and Manager: ________________________________________________
Language Used: ____________________________________________________
Number of Visits
Views:
_____________________________________________________
Likes:
______________________________________________________
Place featured: _____________________________________________________
Indigenous knowledge featured: _______________________________________
Classification of IK: ________________________________________________


Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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56
   
 
APPENDIX B


Questionnaire for webmasters

Benguet State University
College of Agriculture
DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION

Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera Indigenous Knowledge

Socio-demographic Profile:

Name: ___________________________ Age: _________________________

Occupation: _______________________ Address: ______________________

Tribal Affiliation (if any): _____________ Educational Attainment: __________

Questions:
1. What are your objectives in creating a website containing Cordillera Indigenous
Knowledge?
2. Do you think making a website for Cordillera IK is effective information
dissemination? Why?
3. Is there a need to use the internet in depicting Cordillera Indigenous Knowledge?
Why?
4. What challenges you do encounter in using the internet as a medium for
information dissemination of Cordillera IK?
5. What are your motivations or reason in maintaining the website?
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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57
   
 

APPENDIX C


Electronic Database

Benguet State University
College of Agriculture
DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION

Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera Indigenous Knowledge



Electronic Database

Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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58
   
 
APPENDIX D


Websites Browsed on Cordillera IK in the Philippine Page

Benguet State University
College of Agriculture
DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION

Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera Indigenous Knowledge


KalingaTambayan website


Province of Benguet website
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59 
 

Nurturing Indigenous Knowledge Experts (NIKE) website


An Igorot’s Spirited Thoughts and Other Essays website
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60 
 

Interactive Cordillera website


Cordillera as captured by Art Tibaldo website
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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61 
 

Cordillera Voice website


Cordillera Peoples Alliance website
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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62 
 

University of the Philippines Baguio Cordillera Studies Center website


Benguet State University website
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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63 
 

Sagada-Igorot.com website


Center for Development Programs in the Cordillera CDCP, Inc. website
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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64 
 

Mountainprovince.net website


Sagada Your Philippine Mountain Paradise website
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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65 
 

Discover Abra website


Montanosa Research & Development Center website
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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66 
 

Regional Development Council Cordillera website


Local Governent of Sagada website
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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67 
 

Philippine Literature website


UPLB Research, Development and Extension News website
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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68 
 

Philippine Tattoo Revival website


National Commission on Indigenous Peoples website
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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69 
 

Philippine Ethnic Group website


National Commission for Culture and the Arts website
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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70 
 

Tabuk City Kalinga website


Kalinawan Art Foundation website
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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71 
 

Philippine Information Agency website


EedtfipEed Philippine Partners Task Force for Indigenous Peoples Rights website
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72 
 

BlauEarth website


Philippine Maps website
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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73 
 

Philippines Tribal Tattoos website


Project Gutenberg website
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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74 
 

Skycraper City website


All Academic Research website
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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75 
 

Mountain Forum website


NISCAIR Online Periodicals Repository website
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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76 
 

UNESCO Building Peace in the minds of men and women website


First Peoples Worldwide website
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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77 
 

IDRC Archive website


IPCCA Portal website
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78 
 

International Labor Organization website


Siam Pinoy Community website
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79 
 

Sweet Potato Knowledge Portal website


Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations website
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80 
 

Indigenous Climate Portal website


United Nation Foundation website
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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81 
 

SEAMO SEARCA Science and Education for Agriculture and Development website


Asian Development Bank website
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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82 
 

World Agroforestry Centre website


Wageningen UR Digital Library website
Philippine Websites as Medium for Disseminating Cordillera
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Document Outline

• Philippine Websites as Medium forDisseminating Cordillera Indigenous Knowledge
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • TABLE OF CONTENTS
  • INTRODUCTION
  • REVIEW OF LITERATURE
  • METHODOLOGY
  • RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
  • SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • LITERATURE CITED
  • APPENDICES

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