BIBLIOGRAPHY BATONAN, RODEL P. APRIL...
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BATONAN, RODEL P. APRIL 2012.Perception of Farmers on Organic Farming
inBangao, Buguias, Benguet.Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser:HilarioC.Perez, MSc
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted in November, 2011 at Bangao,Buguias,Benguet with the
following objectives: to determine demographic profile of the respondent; to determine
the perception of the farmers on the use of organic toward organic farming; and to
determine the expected constraints of the farmers relative to of organic farming.
There were 30 respondents who were vegetable producers and majority were
married and ages to 20 and below with an educational attainment of secondary level, had
been farming for less than ten years and working on a 100-1000 square meters farm size.
Respondents’ perception on organic farming that organically products produced
were hard to sell, and also agreed with the environmental health aspects of organic
farming such as organic farming promoting cleaner safer products. On the other hand,
they were disagreed that soil fertility is enhanced in organic farming and believed that it
is expensive in the preparation of organic inputs wherein it is laborious and time
consuming and they also disagreed that soil fertility is enhanced in organic farming.
The prevailing problems of the respondents were the lack of skill and knowledge.
Consequently, they were disagreed that organic farming constraints are lack of available
material for the production on organic fertilizer.
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet/ Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography………………………………………………………………… i
Abstract…………………………………………………………………….. i
Table of contents……………………………………………………………
ii
INTRODUCTION
Rationale ……………………………………………………………….
1
Statement of the problem……………………………………………….
2
Objective of the study…………………………………………………..
2
Importance of the study………………………………………………...
3
Scope and delimitation…………………………………………….…....
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Organic farming………………………………………………………..
4
Perceptions ………………………………………………………….…
4
Problems encountered……………………………………………….….
5
Benefits of organic fertilizer to health and environment………………..
6
Organic production………………………………………………….......
7
Risk to farm workers………………………………………………..…..
7
Yield on organic farming………………………………………..……...
8
METHODOLOGY
Locale and time of the study…………………………………………...
9
Respondents of the study ……………………………………………...
9
Data gathered……..………………………………………………........
9
Data analysis…………………………………………………..……….
9
RESULTS AND DISCATION
Profile of the respondent
vegetable farmers produced…………………………………………...
12
Vegetable produced by
organic farming……………………………………………………….
14
Level knowledge on organic farming ………………………………...
15
Perception on organic farming………………………………………...
16
Constraints farmers in
adapting organic farming………………………………………………
18
SUMMARY, CONCLUTIONS,AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary……………………………………………………………….
20
Conclusion……………………………………………………………..
21
Recommendation……………………………………………………...
22
LITERATURE CITED……………………………………………………...
23
APPENDICES
A. Letter to the respondent…………………………………………….
23
B. Survey questionnaire………………………………………………..
24
1
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Increasing soil fertility though organic matter application is very important in
maintaining high, stable crop yield. Furthermore, worldwide shortages of energy
resources have increase the cost of mineral fertilizer thus compost making is gaining
more popularity as a source of nutrient.
Organic Farming, system of agriculture that excludes the use of synthetic
pesticides, growth hormones, antibiotics, genetically modified seeds and animal breeds,
and irradiation. Organic farmers instead rely on ecosystem management, including the
use of pesticides and fertilizers derived from plants, animal wastes, and minerals. They
incorporate biological methods, such as the use of one organism to suppress another, to
help control pests. The methods used in organic farming seek to increase soil fertility,
balance insect populations, and reduce air, soil, and water pollution(MicrosoftEncarta,
2009)
Barangay Bangao is a major producer of semi-temperate vegetables in the country
is not spared of this plight. The farmers especially the vegetable producers are
experiencing losses due to the high cost of input and the declining soil fertility this is
aggravated by low prices caused by importation and smuggling of similar lower priced
vegetables from china and other countries that can produce the crop more efficiently
The most important of the advantages of organic farming is that it maintains the
life of the soil, not only for the current generation, but also for the future generations.
Water pollution is reduced with organic farming. It is observe that chemical in the soil
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
2
are, gets drained which eventually pollutes the river. Organicfarming can be the solution
to prevent water pollution.
Organic farming helps in building richer soil. Rich soil is obtained by intelligently
rotating crops. The rich soil helps in plant growth. The rate of soil erosion is reduced
drastically. A French study has revealed that the nutritional quality and micro-nutrients
are present in higher quantities in organically produced crops.
Statement of the Problem
This study was expected to source out answer the following questions:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents?
2. What are the perceptions of the farmers on practicing organic farming?
3. What are the constraints of the farmers relating to the use of organic farming?
Objectives of the Study
Generally the study aimed to determine the perception of the farmers on organic
vegetable production in line with these general objectives the specific objectives to:
1. Determine demographic profile of the respondent;
2. Determine the perceptions of the farmers on the use of organic toward organic
farming and;
3. Determine the constraints of the farmers relative to of organic farming.
Importance of the Study
Organic farming is a highly an ethical form of agriculture production, with clear
concerns for human and animal welfare such as ensuring that farmers will get a fair
return for their work and are not exploited by consumers.
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
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Shifting to organic farming in Bangao would benefit the farmers in many ways. It
would help them to preserve soil fertility to produce chemical free vegetables as well as
to ensure a sustained farming productivity.
Conducting this study will help the farmer then farmer of Bangao to be
familiarized with organic farming.
Scope and Delimitation
This study was limited to the perceptions of farmers on organic farming in
Bangao, Buguias,Benguet these areas were selected because most farmers in the
placewhere vegetable farmers.
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Organic Farming
Organic Agriculture (OA) s the traditional term used by the farmers to include all
the diverse farming system without the use of chemical inputs. Furthermore, organic
agriculture promotes and enhances a holistic production management, which includes
agro-ecosystem, health including biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological
activity. Crop rotations, green manuring, recycling of farm manure as other ecological
ways of building up soil fertility and productivity were the appropriate practices in
organic farming (Briones, 1997).
Perceptions
According
to
Morse et al., (1995) perception a given scene is a complex set of
creation including sensory stimulation organizing force within the nervous system
symbolic recollection of the past expenses and the arousal of effective response. Kelly
(1995) stated that the perception define as the process of interpreting and giving meaning
to sensation of particular object. However, according to Hudelson (1979) cited by Melio
(2001) who stated that a successful vegetable farmer not only selects his main product
which gives him a well-b balance and efficient business value by selecting his main
product.
Moreover, according to Stroud (1946), perception is cognitive process and
involvers as core points, a stimulating object or event, an attentive adjustment and the
arousal of some degree of meaning. The apprehension of the significance of the object or
event for some act of adjustment.
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
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It was mentioned that low educational attainment and smallest of form are
essential to the fall of small revenue and unsatisfactory of living condition among
farmers. Furthermore, large family household, low income, unemployment, small
revenue and adjust land tenure and lack of supporting services are most of the problems
that hamper socio-economic of the community (Alviar, 1980).
Problems Encountered
According to Wallang (2001) as cited by Tigo( 2004) stated that there are some
limiting effect of the efficiency of technically trained manpower, the lack of management
knowledge skills needed in the job and the worst problem is the lack of funds to finance
the desired program. Furthermore, from the observation, the slow pace of development in
the rural areas could be attributed to the interplay of several factors.
Furthermore, according to Moron (1991) as cited by Butag (2003), farmers
encounter problems in marketing which include erratic price and highly perishability of
fruits and those farmers with poor market needs find it very difficult to transport their
products. Most products are damaged, a situation that leads to low price. Moreover
Reinhold (1994) said that fruit and vegetable are bulky and perishable and many are
shipped long distance to their market cost. Therefore, the processed form usually
involves high marketing margins because the cost of processing is unusually high.
Accordingto Dresher (1983), people’s beliefs, values and traditions must be
considered obstacles to the development. These social traditions of social values and
traditions of rural community and of the larger society of which they are part in some
ways hinder rural progress and development. Generally, as new innovation prove their
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
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worth. The idea new method in order to increase production grains increasing social
acceptance and development.
Benefits of Organic Fertilizer
to Health and Environment
The advantage of Organic Fertilizer to the farmers would be the higher prices for
organically produced because it reflects the trust cost of growing the food substituting
labor and intensive management for chemicals, the health and environment costs of
which are born by society. These includes clean up of polluted water and remediation of
pesticide contamination. Prices for organic foods include cost of growing, harvesting,
transportation, and storage (Hopkins and Feber, 2001).
According to Balfour (2000) the organic fertilizer preserves and enhances top
soil, it increases the chances that future generations can continue growing food. It
minimizes the flow of toxic pesticides into the streams, rivers, and lakes. It encourage
healthy population of beneficial insects that help destructive pests under control and
represent long term saving not just for the farmers but also for future generations.
In 2000, USDA stated that conservation and maintenance of environment quality
is inherent in the agricultural practices utilized by organic farmers. Organic farmers rely
heavily upon crop and soil management practices that aid water infiltration, resist soil
erosion, improve soil tilt and productivity, recycle organic waste, and reduce pollution of
the soil and water.
Kinoshita (1972), as cited by Tomilas (1996) reported that application of organic
fertilizer in sufficient amount improves soil structure; serves to improve organic fertilizer
increase not only the quantity of nutrient elements for plant growth and development but
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
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also decreases bulk density of the soil. Organic matter can increase water absorption and
lessen water run-off leading and erosion.
PCARRD (1982), as cited by Pandosen (1986), stated that organic fertilizers
supply some amount of the nutrient requirements of the crop and they promote
favourable soil properties, such as granulation, efficient aeration and easy root
penetration.
Organic Production
Organic farming is a science not a superstition and some of the scientists in this
connection are the traditional farmers themselves who through generations of observing
what works have come up with natural solutions with minimal external inputs to many
farming problems. In East Africa, such experience has, for example, resulted in most
small and medium scale farms using mixed cropping systems. Scientists are now
realising that this practice is one of the best suited to tropical farm management.
Organic farming is based on the knowledge on how nature works and trying to work with
nature rather than to keep fighting it. Scientists work to discover the laws of nature, and
just as in physics there are such laws as gravity, there are also laws for how living
organisms exist in harmony with each other and their surroundings. Likewise, the laws of
ecology need to be appreciated (Gunner, 2006).
Risk to Farm Workers
There are studies detailing the effects and side effects of pesticides upon the
health of farm workers. Even when pesticides are organic, and are used correctly, they
still end up in the air and bodies of farm workers. Through these studies,
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
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organophosphate pesticides have become associated with acute health problems such
as abdominalpain, dizziness, headaches, nausea, vomiting, as well as skin and eye
problems. In addition, there have been many other studies that have found pesticide
exposure is associated with more severe health problems such as respiratory problems,
memory disorders, dermatologic conditions, cancer, depression, neurologic deficits,
miscarriages, and birthdefects Summaries of peer-reviewed research have examined the
link between pesticide exposure and neurological outcomes and cancer in
organophosphate-exposed workers. Those pesticides found to cause major health
problems are banned for use in agriculture, conventional or organic, in many developed
counties.
Imported fruits and vegetables from LatinAmerica are more likely to contain high
level of pesticides, even pesticides banned for use in the United StateMigratory birds,
such as Swain son’sHawks, have wintering grounds in Argentina where thousands of
them were found dead from monocrotophos insecticide poisoning.
Yield on Organic Farming
Magdoff and Weil (2004) stated that 20% smaller yield from organic farms using
50% less fertilizer and 97% less pesticide. Studies comparing yields have had mixed
results. Supporters claim that organically managed soil has higher quality and higher
water retention. This may help increase yields for organic farms in drought years.
One study from the Danish Environmental Protection Agency (DEPA,1999)
found that, area-for-area; organic farms of potatoes; sugar beet and seed grass produce as
little as half the output of conventional farming. Respondsto this by pointing out that the
average yield of world agriculture is substantially lower than modern sustainable farming
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
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yields. Bringing average world yields up to modern organic levels could increase the
world’s food supply by 50%.
The researchers also found that while in developed countries, organic systems on
average produce 92% of the yield produced by conventional agriculture; organic systems
produce 80% more than conventional farms in developing countries, because the
materials needed for organic farming are more accessible than synthetic farming
materials to farmers in some poor countries. On the other hand, communities that lack
sufficient manure to replenish soils would struggle with organic farming, and the soil
would degrade rapidly (Paulland Lyons, 2008).
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
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METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study
This study was conducted at Bangao, Buguias, Benguet 95kilometers away from
La Trinidad, Benguet. This study was conducted from October to December 2011
Bangao is one of the vegetable producers found in the municipality of Buguias
where it produces mainly of potato and cabbage. It is located between Abatan and
Barangay Calamagan.
Respondents of the study
The study considered 30 vegetable farmers in Cot-cot and Dalegdig as
respondents of the study who were randomly selected.
Data Gathered
An interview was used to gather the needed information and data. It was
supplemented with personal interview to clarify the answers. The questionnaire was
formulated based on the objectives of the study.
Data Analysis
The Data gathered was tabulated and analyzed using frequency count and
appropriate other statistical tools.
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
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Figure 1. Area of the Study
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Personal and Farming Profile
of Respondent
Table 1 showsthe personaland profile of the respondents according to age, sex,
educational attainment and number of years in farming.
Among the 30 respondents, 20% belonged to the age range from 18 to 20 years
old; 16.67%from 26 to 40 years old; 13%from 46 to 50 years old. This result indicates
that the respondents arerelatively young.
Furthermore, 22 were female and 8were males as shown in Table 1. This shows
that femaleswere more active in the farm.
With regard to their educational attainment, 60% are secondary graduate; 20%
were elementary graduates; and only few were college graduates. This shows that
majority of the respondents were literates.
As to the number of years in farming 11 had farming experience for 6-10years; 8
with 1 to 6 years of farm while 7 had farming experience for11 to15 years, only few with
16 to 20 years of farming and only one with 21 years and above. Furthermore (30.0%) of
the respondents had been operating 600-1000 square meterswhile (26.57%) with a farm
size of less than 600 square meters,6operated 2100 square metersand above, and only 4
respondents operated 1100-1500 square mater.
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
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Table 1.Personal and farming profile
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
PARTICULAR
(F)
(%)
Age
25 and below
6
20.00
26-30
5
16.67
31-35
5
16.67
36-40
5
16.67
46-50 4
13.3
51 and above
1
3.3
TOTAL 30
100.00
Gender
Female 22
73.33
Male 8
26.67
TOTAL 30
100.00
Educational attainment
elementary graduate
6
20.00
Secondary graduate
18
60.00
College graduate
4
13.33
Post-graduate
2
6.67
TOTAL
30
100.00
Years of farming
1-6 years
8
26.67
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
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Table 1 continued…
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
PARTICULAR
(F)
(%)
6-10 years
11
36.67
11-15 years
7
23.33
16-20 years
3
10.00
21 years and above
1
3.33
TOTAL 30
100.00
Total farm size (sq. m.)
100-500 sq. m
8
26.67
600-1000 sq. m
9
30.00
1100-1500 sq. m
4
13.33
1600-2000 sq. m
3
10.00
2100 sq. m an above
6
20.00
TOTAL 30
100.00
Crops Grown
Table 2 shows the different vegetables produced by farmers.Majority of the
respondents produced Potato; 76.0%, cabbage; 23.33%, broccoli, 20%;6.67%, lettuce.
This indicates the vegetable growers prefer to cultivate potatoes, cabbage and broccoli.
Accordingly, these are considered major and cash crops. Furthermore, it suited to the
climate condition of Buguias, Benguet.
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
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Table 2. Vegetable Crops produced by the respondents
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
PARTICULAR
(F) (%)
Cabbage
23
76.67
Potato
28
93.33
Broccoli
7
23.33
Peas
6
20.00
Carrot
5
16.67
Chinese cabbage
5
16.67
Pechay 3
10.00
Lettuce
2
6.67
Beans 2
6.67
Level of knowledge
on Organic Farming
Table 3 presents the level of knowledge of respondents on organic farming. Only
15 or (50%)of the respondents claimed that they had moderate knowledge on organic
farming meaning that they are not yet fully knowledgeable on the practices of organic
farming; and only 2 of the respondents claimed that they had low and very high
knowledge on organic farming. Respectively, the data indicates that majority of the
respondents still lack appropriate knowledge on organic farming.
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
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Table 3 Level of knowledge on organic farming
PARTICULAR
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
(F)
(%)
Very high
2
6.67
High 6
20.00
Moderate 15
50.00
Low 2
6.67
No knowledge
5
16.67
TOTAL 30
100.00
Perception on Organic Farming
Table 4 shows theperception of the respondents on organic farming. Majority 25
of the respondents claimed that they disagreed to the idea that organic farming is
expensive although they claimedthat it is laborious and time consuming. Respondents
however agreedthat lower yield is obtained with organic farming. Although 21
respondents said land use is maximized through organic farming and mostly disagreed
(63.33%) optimum production levels is obtained with organic farming and they agreed
that organically produced products demands higher price. Although all of them agreed
that organic vegetable crop are hard to sell because of higher price. All of the respondents
agreed that organic farming produce safer vegetable because of absence of chemical
residue that shows that the respondents had varying perception with regard to organic
farming although what is important that they are all aware of organic farming.
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
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Table 4.Perception on Organic farming
PARTICULAR
AGREE DISAGREE
(F) (%) (F) (%)
A. socio-economic perception on organic farming
Organic farming is expensive
5
16.67
25
83.33
Preparation of organic inputs is laborious and time
consuming.
18
60.00
12
40.00
Lower yield is Obtained with organic farming during the
conversion period
27
90.00
3
10.00
Land use farm resources is maximized with organic
farming
21
70.00
9
30.00
Optimum production levels is obtained with organic
farming
11
36.67
19
63.33
Organically produced products demands higher price
23
76.67
7
23.33
100.0
Organically products produced is hard to sell
30
0
0
0.00
B.Environment al perception on organic farming
Conversion to organic farming does not give economic
reward to farmers
16
53.33
14
46.67
Organic farming promotes cleaner safer environment
minimizing air, soil, and water pollution
17
56.67
13
43.33
Soil fertility is enhanced in organic farming
4
13.33
26
86.67
Organic farming helps balance the ecosystem
21
70.00
9
30.00
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
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Table 4.continued...
PARTICULAR
AGREE
DISAGREE
(F)
(%) (F) (%)
C.Health aspect on organic farming
Organic farming promotes sustainable agriculture
13
43.33
17
56.67
Organic farming produces safer food products
30
100.0
0
0.00
Organic products are healthier because of the presence
of natural nutrients
21
70.00
9
30.00
Organic farming promotes good human and animals
health
22
73.33
8
26.67
Constraints of Farmers in Adapting Organic Farming
Table 5 shows the constraints of the respondentsin adapting organic farming.
Most of the respondents 46.67% considered organic farming as laborious, with less
production, and requires more skills and knowledgefor those who want to engage in
organic farming. Only few respondents said thatcertification of organic vegetables would
pose as a problem since they are not aware that organic vegetables need to be certified the
lack of available materials to produce aside from that the respondents also claimed
organic fertilizer.
The results indicate that with the prevailing problems or constraints that the
respondents are experiencing sometimes discourages them from practicing organic
farming
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
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Table 5. Constraints of Farmers in Adapting Organic Farming
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
PARTICULAR
(F) (%)
Requires considerably more skills and knowledge
14
46.67
More labour/work-intensive
14
46.67
Less production
14
46.67
Requires certification
7
23.33
Lack of available materials for the production of
organic fertilizer
11 36.67
*multiple
responses
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
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Summary
Organic farming is a method of farming that requires farmers to operate a system.
It is a form of agriculture that relies on crop rotation, green manure, compost, biological
pest control and mechanical cultivation to maintain soil productivity and control pests,
excluding or strictly limiting the use of synthetic fertilizers and synthetic pesticides.
However, a concern is placed on the acceptability of this idea to the farmers as
only a few have gone into this.
The study aimed to determine the following:the demographic profile of the
respondent;the perception of the farmers on the use of organic farming; and the
constraints relative to organic farming.
Thirty respondents from Barangay BangaoBuguias, Benguet were considered as
respondents of the study
The results indicate that the respondents were young, married and were all
literates and have been farming for less than ten years and operated an average area of
100-1000sq.m
With regards to the perception on organic farming respondents agreed that
organically produced vegetable are hard to sell. However, they are disagreed that Organic
farming is expensive, laborious and time consuming.
Results shows that respondents agree that agree with the environmental health
aspects of organic farming such as organic farming promoting cleaner safer products.
However, they disagree that soil fertility is enhanced in organic farming.
Under the constraints of farmers in adapting organic farming, results show that
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
21
respondents agree that organic farming requires considerably more skills and knowledge.
However, they were disagreed that organic farming constraints are lack of
available
material for the production on organic fertilizer.
Conclusions
Based on the summary of findings and objectives, the following conclusions were
drawn:
1. The respondents are relatively young, literate and were experienced farmers,
cultivating and average area of 600-1000 sq m. They produced a variety of highland
vegetables.
2. The respondents did not have ample knowledge on organic farming although
they claimed that they are aware of organic farming.
3. With regard to perceptions on organic farming majority agreed that organic
farming is advantageous and with proper knowledge it can be able to improve the socio-
economic status of farmers as well as contribute to the maintenance of well balanced
environment as well as promoting good health.
4. The respondents identified several constraints in practicing organic farming.
However those constraints can be properly addressed through continuous education and
information dissemination.
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
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Recommendations
1. The Department of Agriculture should conduct trainings, seminars and
information dissemination regarding organic farming so that farmer wouldbe fully aware
of organic farming.
2. To inform and educate farmers in organic farming through initiation of proper
communication and hands on training.
3. Persuade farmers to go into organic farming to promote a well balance
ecosystem and good human health.
4. In order to have a better production; farmers should be knowledgeable on the
practice of organic farming.
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
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Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
24
PAULL J. and LYONES, K. 2008 Journal of Organic Systems, 6(1),27 -41. http://www.
Orgprints.org/18836/
REINHOLD,J.N. 1994. Marketing Development Program. McMillan Co. New York
p.440
STROUD,J.B. 1946. Psychology in Evaluation.Longrams Green and Co, Inc. New York.
London
Toronto.P.89.
TIGO,M.M.2004 The Perception and Attitudes Towards Development Programs
Implemented by the Barangay Officials in La Trinidad,Benguet,p.7
TOMILAS, M.D 1996.Response of Sweet pea to Residual Fertilizer from Organic
Fertilizer
Application
in Clay Loam Soil.BS. Thesis La Trinidad Benguet P.5
USDA(United State Department of Agriculture).2000.Organic Agriculture and the mogs:
Impacts Reported http//www.usda.gov/news/release.
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
25
APPENDIX A
Letter to Respondents
Republic of the Philippines
Benguet
State
University
COLLEGE
OF
AGRICULTURE
La
Trinidad,Benguet
Dear Respondent,
I am a 4th year B.S Agriculture student of Benguet State University and
conducting a study on Perception of the Farmers on Organic Farming in
Bangao,Buguias,Benguet as my thesis. The purpose of the study is to determine the
perception of farmers on organic farming.
In this connection, I would like to request you to answer the questionnaire
correctly rest assured that any information will be treated with strict confidence
Respectfully yours,
RODEL P. BATONAN
Researcher
Noted:
HILARIO C. PEREZ
Adviser
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
26
APPENDIX B
Survey
Questionnaire
PERCEPTION OF FARMER ON ORGANIC VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN
BANGAO, BUGUIAS, BENGUET
Name: ___________ Age: _____ Gender ( ) Male ( ) Female
Civil Status ( ) Single ( ) Married ( ) Separated ( ) Widowed
Sitio: ________
Highest Educational Attainment
( ) Elementary level ( ) High school ( ) College level ( ) Post graduate
No. of years in farming: _________
Total area for farming: ________
What vegetable do you produce?
( ) Cabbage () Beans ( ) Chayote ( ) potato ( ) Pechay () Peas
( ) Others (specify) ____________
I. What definition would apply most to your understanding of what organic farming is?
( ) farming without the use of commercial pesticides and fertilizers
( ) farming with the use of organic fertilizers only
( ) farming with the use of organic pesticides only
( ) farming that minimizes the use of synthetic chemicals
( ) Others definition_________
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
27
II. Rate your knowledge on organic farming
VERY
HIGH MODERATE
LOW
NO
HIGH
(4)
(3)
(2)
KNOWLEDGE
(5)
(1)
Organic farming
is effective pest
control
Organic farming
is effective in soil
fertilization
III. Perception on organic farming
Please put a check mark on the corresponding rating on the items to indicate your
perception on organic farming.
A. PERCEPTION ON THE AVAILABILITY OF ORGANIC MATERIAL
PARTICULARS DISAGREE
AGREE
Farm wastes can be process as fertilizer.
Animal wastes(unprocessed)can be readily/directly
applied to the soil
Soil microorganisms are more active in soil applied
with organic fertilizer than applied synthetic
Organic Fertilizers improve the physiochemical
characteristics of the soil
Organic fertilizers has a very slow effect on the crops
performances
The conversion period of organic farming is 3-5
years.
B. SOCIO ECONOMICS PERCEPTION ON ORGANIC FARMING
PARTICULARS DISAGREE
AGREE
Organic farming is expensive
Preparation of organic input is laborious and time
consuming
Lower yield is obtained with organic farming during
the conversion period
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
28
PARTICULARS DISAGREE
AGREE
Land/use farm resources is maximized with organic
farming
Optimum production levels is obtained with organic
farming
Organically produced products demands higher price
Organically product produced is hard to sell
Conversion to organic farming does not give
economic rewards to farmers.
C. ENVIRONMENTAL PERCEPTION ON ORGANIC FARMING
PARTICULARS DISAGREE
AGREE
Organic farming promotes cleaner/safer environment
by minimizing air, soil and water pollution
Organic farming produce safer food products
Soil fertility is enhanced in organic farming
Organic farming helps balance the ecosystem
Organic farming promotes sustainable agriculture
Organic products are healthier because of the presence
of natural nutrients.
Organic farming promotes good human and animal
health.
IV. What are the constraints in adapting organic farming?
( ) Requires considerably more skills and knowledge
( ) More labor/work- intensive
( ) Less production
( ) certification of organic produce
( ) Lack of available materials for production on organic fertilizer
( ) Others (specify) _____________________________________
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
BATONAN, RODEL P. APRIL 2012.Perception of Farmers on Organic Farming
inBangao, Buguias, Benguet.Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Adviser:HilarioC.Perez, MSc
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted in November, 2011 at Bangao,Buguias,Benguet with the
following objectives: to determine demographic profile of the respondent; to determine
the perception of the farmers on the use of organic toward organic farming; and to
determine the expected constraints of the farmers relative to of organic farming.
There were 30 respondents who were vegetable producers and majority were
married and ages to 20 and below with an educational attainment of secondary level, had
been farming for less than ten years and working on a 100-1000 square meters farm size.
Respondents’ perception on organic farming that organically products produced
were hard to sell, and also agreed with the environmental health aspects of organic
farming such as organic farming promoting cleaner safer products. On the other hand,
they were disagreed that soil fertility is enhanced in organic farming and believed that it
is expensive in the preparation of organic inputs wherein it is laborious and time
consuming and they also disagreed that soil fertility is enhanced in organic farming.
The prevailing problems of the respondents were the lack of skill and knowledge.
Consequently, they were disagreed that organic farming constraints are lack of available
material for the production on organic fertilizer.
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet/ Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Bibliography………………………………………………………………… i
Abstract…………………………………………………………………….. i
Table of contents……………………………………………………………
ii
INTRODUCTION
Rationale ……………………………………………………………….
1
Statement of the problem……………………………………………….
2
Objective of the study…………………………………………………..
2
Importance of the study………………………………………………...
3
Scope and delimitation…………………………………………….…....
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Organic farming………………………………………………………..
4
Perceptions ………………………………………………………….…
4
Problems encountered……………………………………………….….
5
Benefits of organic fertilizer to health and environment………………..
6
Organic production………………………………………………….......
7
Risk to farm workers………………………………………………..…..
7
Yield on organic farming………………………………………..……...
8
METHODOLOGY
Locale and time of the study…………………………………………...
9
Respondents of the study ……………………………………………...
9
Data gathered……..………………………………………………........
9
Data analysis…………………………………………………..……….
9
RESULTS AND DISCATION
Profile of the respondent
vegetable farmers produced…………………………………………...
12
Vegetable produced by
organic farming……………………………………………………….
14
Level knowledge on organic farming ………………………………...
15
Perception on organic farming………………………………………...
16
Constraints farmers in
adapting organic farming………………………………………………
18
SUMMARY, CONCLUTIONS,AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary……………………………………………………………….
20
Conclusion……………………………………………………………..
21
Recommendation……………………………………………………...
22
LITERATURE CITED……………………………………………………...
23
APPENDICES
A. Letter to the respondent…………………………………………….
23
B. Survey questionnaire………………………………………………..
24
1
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Increasing soil fertility though organic matter application is very important in
maintaining high, stable crop yield. Furthermore, worldwide shortages of energy
resources have increase the cost of mineral fertilizer thus compost making is gaining
more popularity as a source of nutrient.
Organic Farming, system of agriculture that excludes the use of synthetic
pesticides, growth hormones, antibiotics, genetically modified seeds and animal breeds,
and irradiation. Organic farmers instead rely on ecosystem management, including the
use of pesticides and fertilizers derived from plants, animal wastes, and minerals. They
incorporate biological methods, such as the use of one organism to suppress another, to
help control pests. The methods used in organic farming seek to increase soil fertility,
balance insect populations, and reduce air, soil, and water pollution(MicrosoftEncarta,
2009)
Barangay Bangao is a major producer of semi-temperate vegetables in the country
is not spared of this plight. The farmers especially the vegetable producers are
experiencing losses due to the high cost of input and the declining soil fertility this is
aggravated by low prices caused by importation and smuggling of similar lower priced
vegetables from china and other countries that can produce the crop more efficiently
The most important of the advantages of organic farming is that it maintains the
life of the soil, not only for the current generation, but also for the future generations.
Water pollution is reduced with organic farming. It is observe that chemical in the soil
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
2
are, gets drained which eventually pollutes the river. Organicfarming can be the solution
to prevent water pollution.
Organic farming helps in building richer soil. Rich soil is obtained by intelligently
rotating crops. The rich soil helps in plant growth. The rate of soil erosion is reduced
drastically. A French study has revealed that the nutritional quality and micro-nutrients
are present in higher quantities in organically produced crops.
Statement of the Problem
This study was expected to source out answer the following questions:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents?
2. What are the perceptions of the farmers on practicing organic farming?
3. What are the constraints of the farmers relating to the use of organic farming?
Objectives of the Study
Generally the study aimed to determine the perception of the farmers on organic
vegetable production in line with these general objectives the specific objectives to:
1. Determine demographic profile of the respondent;
2. Determine the perceptions of the farmers on the use of organic toward organic
farming and;
3. Determine the constraints of the farmers relative to of organic farming.
Importance of the Study
Organic farming is a highly an ethical form of agriculture production, with clear
concerns for human and animal welfare such as ensuring that farmers will get a fair
return for their work and are not exploited by consumers.
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
3
Shifting to organic farming in Bangao would benefit the farmers in many ways. It
would help them to preserve soil fertility to produce chemical free vegetables as well as
to ensure a sustained farming productivity.
Conducting this study will help the farmer then farmer of Bangao to be
familiarized with organic farming.
Scope and Delimitation
This study was limited to the perceptions of farmers on organic farming in
Bangao, Buguias,Benguet these areas were selected because most farmers in the
placewhere vegetable farmers.
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
4
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Organic Farming
Organic Agriculture (OA) s the traditional term used by the farmers to include all
the diverse farming system without the use of chemical inputs. Furthermore, organic
agriculture promotes and enhances a holistic production management, which includes
agro-ecosystem, health including biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological
activity. Crop rotations, green manuring, recycling of farm manure as other ecological
ways of building up soil fertility and productivity were the appropriate practices in
organic farming (Briones, 1997).
Perceptions
According
to
Morse et al., (1995) perception a given scene is a complex set of
creation including sensory stimulation organizing force within the nervous system
symbolic recollection of the past expenses and the arousal of effective response. Kelly
(1995) stated that the perception define as the process of interpreting and giving meaning
to sensation of particular object. However, according to Hudelson (1979) cited by Melio
(2001) who stated that a successful vegetable farmer not only selects his main product
which gives him a well-b balance and efficient business value by selecting his main
product.
Moreover, according to Stroud (1946), perception is cognitive process and
involvers as core points, a stimulating object or event, an attentive adjustment and the
arousal of some degree of meaning. The apprehension of the significance of the object or
event for some act of adjustment.
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
5
It was mentioned that low educational attainment and smallest of form are
essential to the fall of small revenue and unsatisfactory of living condition among
farmers. Furthermore, large family household, low income, unemployment, small
revenue and adjust land tenure and lack of supporting services are most of the problems
that hamper socio-economic of the community (Alviar, 1980).
Problems Encountered
According to Wallang (2001) as cited by Tigo( 2004) stated that there are some
limiting effect of the efficiency of technically trained manpower, the lack of management
knowledge skills needed in the job and the worst problem is the lack of funds to finance
the desired program. Furthermore, from the observation, the slow pace of development in
the rural areas could be attributed to the interplay of several factors.
Furthermore, according to Moron (1991) as cited by Butag (2003), farmers
encounter problems in marketing which include erratic price and highly perishability of
fruits and those farmers with poor market needs find it very difficult to transport their
products. Most products are damaged, a situation that leads to low price. Moreover
Reinhold (1994) said that fruit and vegetable are bulky and perishable and many are
shipped long distance to their market cost. Therefore, the processed form usually
involves high marketing margins because the cost of processing is unusually high.
Accordingto Dresher (1983), people’s beliefs, values and traditions must be
considered obstacles to the development. These social traditions of social values and
traditions of rural community and of the larger society of which they are part in some
ways hinder rural progress and development. Generally, as new innovation prove their
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
6
worth. The idea new method in order to increase production grains increasing social
acceptance and development.
Benefits of Organic Fertilizer
to Health and Environment
The advantage of Organic Fertilizer to the farmers would be the higher prices for
organically produced because it reflects the trust cost of growing the food substituting
labor and intensive management for chemicals, the health and environment costs of
which are born by society. These includes clean up of polluted water and remediation of
pesticide contamination. Prices for organic foods include cost of growing, harvesting,
transportation, and storage (Hopkins and Feber, 2001).
According to Balfour (2000) the organic fertilizer preserves and enhances top
soil, it increases the chances that future generations can continue growing food. It
minimizes the flow of toxic pesticides into the streams, rivers, and lakes. It encourage
healthy population of beneficial insects that help destructive pests under control and
represent long term saving not just for the farmers but also for future generations.
In 2000, USDA stated that conservation and maintenance of environment quality
is inherent in the agricultural practices utilized by organic farmers. Organic farmers rely
heavily upon crop and soil management practices that aid water infiltration, resist soil
erosion, improve soil tilt and productivity, recycle organic waste, and reduce pollution of
the soil and water.
Kinoshita (1972), as cited by Tomilas (1996) reported that application of organic
fertilizer in sufficient amount improves soil structure; serves to improve organic fertilizer
increase not only the quantity of nutrient elements for plant growth and development but
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
7
also decreases bulk density of the soil. Organic matter can increase water absorption and
lessen water run-off leading and erosion.
PCARRD (1982), as cited by Pandosen (1986), stated that organic fertilizers
supply some amount of the nutrient requirements of the crop and they promote
favourable soil properties, such as granulation, efficient aeration and easy root
penetration.
Organic Production
Organic farming is a science not a superstition and some of the scientists in this
connection are the traditional farmers themselves who through generations of observing
what works have come up with natural solutions with minimal external inputs to many
farming problems. In East Africa, such experience has, for example, resulted in most
small and medium scale farms using mixed cropping systems. Scientists are now
realising that this practice is one of the best suited to tropical farm management.
Organic farming is based on the knowledge on how nature works and trying to work with
nature rather than to keep fighting it. Scientists work to discover the laws of nature, and
just as in physics there are such laws as gravity, there are also laws for how living
organisms exist in harmony with each other and their surroundings. Likewise, the laws of
ecology need to be appreciated (Gunner, 2006).
Risk to Farm Workers
There are studies detailing the effects and side effects of pesticides upon the
health of farm workers. Even when pesticides are organic, and are used correctly, they
still end up in the air and bodies of farm workers. Through these studies,
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
8
organophosphate pesticides have become associated with acute health problems such
as abdominalpain, dizziness, headaches, nausea, vomiting, as well as skin and eye
problems. In addition, there have been many other studies that have found pesticide
exposure is associated with more severe health problems such as respiratory problems,
memory disorders, dermatologic conditions, cancer, depression, neurologic deficits,
miscarriages, and birthdefects Summaries of peer-reviewed research have examined the
link between pesticide exposure and neurological outcomes and cancer in
organophosphate-exposed workers. Those pesticides found to cause major health
problems are banned for use in agriculture, conventional or organic, in many developed
counties.
Imported fruits and vegetables from LatinAmerica are more likely to contain high
level of pesticides, even pesticides banned for use in the United StateMigratory birds,
such as Swain son’sHawks, have wintering grounds in Argentina where thousands of
them were found dead from monocrotophos insecticide poisoning.
Yield on Organic Farming
Magdoff and Weil (2004) stated that 20% smaller yield from organic farms using
50% less fertilizer and 97% less pesticide. Studies comparing yields have had mixed
results. Supporters claim that organically managed soil has higher quality and higher
water retention. This may help increase yields for organic farms in drought years.
One study from the Danish Environmental Protection Agency (DEPA,1999)
found that, area-for-area; organic farms of potatoes; sugar beet and seed grass produce as
little as half the output of conventional farming. Respondsto this by pointing out that the
average yield of world agriculture is substantially lower than modern sustainable farming
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
9
yields. Bringing average world yields up to modern organic levels could increase the
world’s food supply by 50%.
The researchers also found that while in developed countries, organic systems on
average produce 92% of the yield produced by conventional agriculture; organic systems
produce 80% more than conventional farms in developing countries, because the
materials needed for organic farming are more accessible than synthetic farming
materials to farmers in some poor countries. On the other hand, communities that lack
sufficient manure to replenish soils would struggle with organic farming, and the soil
would degrade rapidly (Paulland Lyons, 2008).
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
10
METHODOLOGY
Locale and Time of the Study
This study was conducted at Bangao, Buguias, Benguet 95kilometers away from
La Trinidad, Benguet. This study was conducted from October to December 2011
Bangao is one of the vegetable producers found in the municipality of Buguias
where it produces mainly of potato and cabbage. It is located between Abatan and
Barangay Calamagan.
Respondents of the study
The study considered 30 vegetable farmers in Cot-cot and Dalegdig as
respondents of the study who were randomly selected.
Data Gathered
An interview was used to gather the needed information and data. It was
supplemented with personal interview to clarify the answers. The questionnaire was
formulated based on the objectives of the study.
Data Analysis
The Data gathered was tabulated and analyzed using frequency count and
appropriate other statistical tools.
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
11
Figure 1. Area of the Study
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
12
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Personal and Farming Profile
of Respondent
Table 1 showsthe personaland profile of the respondents according to age, sex,
educational attainment and number of years in farming.
Among the 30 respondents, 20% belonged to the age range from 18 to 20 years
old; 16.67%from 26 to 40 years old; 13%from 46 to 50 years old. This result indicates
that the respondents arerelatively young.
Furthermore, 22 were female and 8were males as shown in Table 1. This shows
that femaleswere more active in the farm.
With regard to their educational attainment, 60% are secondary graduate; 20%
were elementary graduates; and only few were college graduates. This shows that
majority of the respondents were literates.
As to the number of years in farming 11 had farming experience for 6-10years; 8
with 1 to 6 years of farm while 7 had farming experience for11 to15 years, only few with
16 to 20 years of farming and only one with 21 years and above. Furthermore (30.0%) of
the respondents had been operating 600-1000 square meterswhile (26.57%) with a farm
size of less than 600 square meters,6operated 2100 square metersand above, and only 4
respondents operated 1100-1500 square mater.
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
13
Table 1.Personal and farming profile
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
PARTICULAR
(F)
(%)
Age
25 and below
6
20.00
26-30
5
16.67
31-35
5
16.67
36-40
5
16.67
46-50 4
13.3
51 and above
1
3.3
TOTAL 30
100.00
Gender
Female 22
73.33
Male 8
26.67
TOTAL 30
100.00
Educational attainment
elementary graduate
6
20.00
Secondary graduate
18
60.00
College graduate
4
13.33
Post-graduate
2
6.67
TOTAL
30
100.00
Years of farming
1-6 years
8
26.67
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
14
Table 1 continued…
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
PARTICULAR
(F)
(%)
6-10 years
11
36.67
11-15 years
7
23.33
16-20 years
3
10.00
21 years and above
1
3.33
TOTAL 30
100.00
Total farm size (sq. m.)
100-500 sq. m
8
26.67
600-1000 sq. m
9
30.00
1100-1500 sq. m
4
13.33
1600-2000 sq. m
3
10.00
2100 sq. m an above
6
20.00
TOTAL 30
100.00
Crops Grown
Table 2 shows the different vegetables produced by farmers.Majority of the
respondents produced Potato; 76.0%, cabbage; 23.33%, broccoli, 20%;6.67%, lettuce.
This indicates the vegetable growers prefer to cultivate potatoes, cabbage and broccoli.
Accordingly, these are considered major and cash crops. Furthermore, it suited to the
climate condition of Buguias, Benguet.
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
15
Table 2. Vegetable Crops produced by the respondents
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
PARTICULAR
(F) (%)
Cabbage
23
76.67
Potato
28
93.33
Broccoli
7
23.33
Peas
6
20.00
Carrot
5
16.67
Chinese cabbage
5
16.67
Pechay 3
10.00
Lettuce
2
6.67
Beans 2
6.67
Level of knowledge
on Organic Farming
Table 3 presents the level of knowledge of respondents on organic farming. Only
15 or (50%)of the respondents claimed that they had moderate knowledge on organic
farming meaning that they are not yet fully knowledgeable on the practices of organic
farming; and only 2 of the respondents claimed that they had low and very high
knowledge on organic farming. Respectively, the data indicates that majority of the
respondents still lack appropriate knowledge on organic farming.
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
16
Table 3 Level of knowledge on organic farming
PARTICULAR
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
(F)
(%)
Very high
2
6.67
High 6
20.00
Moderate 15
50.00
Low 2
6.67
No knowledge
5
16.67
TOTAL 30
100.00
Perception on Organic Farming
Table 4 shows theperception of the respondents on organic farming. Majority 25
of the respondents claimed that they disagreed to the idea that organic farming is
expensive although they claimedthat it is laborious and time consuming. Respondents
however agreedthat lower yield is obtained with organic farming. Although 21
respondents said land use is maximized through organic farming and mostly disagreed
(63.33%) optimum production levels is obtained with organic farming and they agreed
that organically produced products demands higher price. Although all of them agreed
that organic vegetable crop are hard to sell because of higher price. All of the respondents
agreed that organic farming produce safer vegetable because of absence of chemical
residue that shows that the respondents had varying perception with regard to organic
farming although what is important that they are all aware of organic farming.
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
17
Table 4.Perception on Organic farming
PARTICULAR
AGREE DISAGREE
(F) (%) (F) (%)
A. socio-economic perception on organic farming
Organic farming is expensive
5
16.67
25
83.33
Preparation of organic inputs is laborious and time
consuming.
18
60.00
12
40.00
Lower yield is Obtained with organic farming during the
conversion period
27
90.00
3
10.00
Land use farm resources is maximized with organic
farming
21
70.00
9
30.00
Optimum production levels is obtained with organic
farming
11
36.67
19
63.33
Organically produced products demands higher price
23
76.67
7
23.33
100.0
Organically products produced is hard to sell
30
0
0
0.00
B.Environment al perception on organic farming
Conversion to organic farming does not give economic
reward to farmers
16
53.33
14
46.67
Organic farming promotes cleaner safer environment
minimizing air, soil, and water pollution
17
56.67
13
43.33
Soil fertility is enhanced in organic farming
4
13.33
26
86.67
Organic farming helps balance the ecosystem
21
70.00
9
30.00
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
18
Table 4.continued...
PARTICULAR
AGREE
DISAGREE
(F)
(%) (F) (%)
C.Health aspect on organic farming
Organic farming promotes sustainable agriculture
13
43.33
17
56.67
Organic farming produces safer food products
30
100.0
0
0.00
Organic products are healthier because of the presence
of natural nutrients
21
70.00
9
30.00
Organic farming promotes good human and animals
health
22
73.33
8
26.67
Constraints of Farmers in Adapting Organic Farming
Table 5 shows the constraints of the respondentsin adapting organic farming.
Most of the respondents 46.67% considered organic farming as laborious, with less
production, and requires more skills and knowledgefor those who want to engage in
organic farming. Only few respondents said thatcertification of organic vegetables would
pose as a problem since they are not aware that organic vegetables need to be certified the
lack of available materials to produce aside from that the respondents also claimed
organic fertilizer.
The results indicate that with the prevailing problems or constraints that the
respondents are experiencing sometimes discourages them from practicing organic
farming
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
19
Table 5. Constraints of Farmers in Adapting Organic Farming
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
PARTICULAR
(F) (%)
Requires considerably more skills and knowledge
14
46.67
More labour/work-intensive
14
46.67
Less production
14
46.67
Requires certification
7
23.33
Lack of available materials for the production of
organic fertilizer
11 36.67
*multiple
responses
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
20
Summary
Organic farming is a method of farming that requires farmers to operate a system.
It is a form of agriculture that relies on crop rotation, green manure, compost, biological
pest control and mechanical cultivation to maintain soil productivity and control pests,
excluding or strictly limiting the use of synthetic fertilizers and synthetic pesticides.
However, a concern is placed on the acceptability of this idea to the farmers as
only a few have gone into this.
The study aimed to determine the following:the demographic profile of the
respondent;the perception of the farmers on the use of organic farming; and the
constraints relative to organic farming.
Thirty respondents from Barangay BangaoBuguias, Benguet were considered as
respondents of the study
The results indicate that the respondents were young, married and were all
literates and have been farming for less than ten years and operated an average area of
100-1000sq.m
With regards to the perception on organic farming respondents agreed that
organically produced vegetable are hard to sell. However, they are disagreed that Organic
farming is expensive, laborious and time consuming.
Results shows that respondents agree that agree with the environmental health
aspects of organic farming such as organic farming promoting cleaner safer products.
However, they disagree that soil fertility is enhanced in organic farming.
Under the constraints of farmers in adapting organic farming, results show that
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
21
respondents agree that organic farming requires considerably more skills and knowledge.
However, they were disagreed that organic farming constraints are lack of
available
material for the production on organic fertilizer.
Conclusions
Based on the summary of findings and objectives, the following conclusions were
drawn:
1. The respondents are relatively young, literate and were experienced farmers,
cultivating and average area of 600-1000 sq m. They produced a variety of highland
vegetables.
2. The respondents did not have ample knowledge on organic farming although
they claimed that they are aware of organic farming.
3. With regard to perceptions on organic farming majority agreed that organic
farming is advantageous and with proper knowledge it can be able to improve the socio-
economic status of farmers as well as contribute to the maintenance of well balanced
environment as well as promoting good health.
4. The respondents identified several constraints in practicing organic farming.
However those constraints can be properly addressed through continuous education and
information dissemination.
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
22
Recommendations
1. The Department of Agriculture should conduct trainings, seminars and
information dissemination regarding organic farming so that farmer wouldbe fully aware
of organic farming.
2. To inform and educate farmers in organic farming through initiation of proper
communication and hands on training.
3. Persuade farmers to go into organic farming to promote a well balance
ecosystem and good human health.
4. In order to have a better production; farmers should be knowledgeable on the
practice of organic farming.
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
23
LITERATURE CITED
ALVIAR,F.E. 1980.Survey on Farm Homes in Community Cabuyao,Laguna as a Basis
of the Formulation on Program on Rural Development. Philippine Agriculturest.
P.107
BRIONES, A. 1997. National Study: Philippines in Organic Agriculture and Rural
Poverty Alleviation: Potential and Best Practice in Asia. Nescan Bangkok
Thailand.
Pp.119-145
BALFOUR, E. 2000. The living Soil Evidence of the Importance to Human Health of
Soil Vitality. London Faber and Faber
BUTAG,H.D.2003.Vegetable Production in Catlubong ,Buguias, Benguet .B.S.Thesis
Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet p.7.
DEPA (Danish Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Movement Food
and Drugs Administration) .1999. Government Regulation Business Retrieved
December
10, 2011 from http://www.depa.gov.com//
DRESHER,W.H.1983.The New Book of Knowledge ,International Edition Inc.
GUNNER, S. 2006.Consumer Behavior.9th ed. Soil Organic matter in Sustainable
agriculture
Pp.156-158.
HOPKINS,G. and FEBER,L. 2001 Soil Fertility and Permanent Agriculture. Boston, Ma:
Ginn and Company.
KELLY,W.A. 1995 Educational Psychology. The Bruce Publishing Company. New
York p.40
MELIO,C.A. 2001. Perception and Attitudes of KapanganTowards BSU Technology
B.S. Thesis.Benguet State University, La Trinidad Benguet p.5.
MORSE,C.M and G.M. WINGO. 1995. Psychology and technical. Scott Forrsman and
Co. Chicago. Atlanta, Palo Alto, New York.p.462.
MAGDOFF, F. and R. WEIL 2004. What is Soil Organic Organic Farming ? (And its
Many
Benefit).Retrieved
October
25, 2009 from
http://mbao.Org.orgsber2 html
MICROSOFT ENCARTA.2009. Hynes, Erin. "Organic Farming1993-2008 Microsoft
Corporation.
PANDOSEN, M.D. 1986.Potential of Organic Wild Sunflower as Organic Fertilizer
Graduate School. Benguet State University, La Trinidad Benguet Pp.183-4
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
24
PAULL J. and LYONES, K. 2008 Journal of Organic Systems, 6(1),27 -41. http://www.
Orgprints.org/18836/
REINHOLD,J.N. 1994. Marketing Development Program. McMillan Co. New York
p.440
STROUD,J.B. 1946. Psychology in Evaluation.Longrams Green and Co, Inc. New York.
London
Toronto.P.89.
TIGO,M.M.2004 The Perception and Attitudes Towards Development Programs
Implemented by the Barangay Officials in La Trinidad,Benguet,p.7
TOMILAS, M.D 1996.Response of Sweet pea to Residual Fertilizer from Organic
Fertilizer
Application
in Clay Loam Soil.BS. Thesis La Trinidad Benguet P.5
USDA(United State Department of Agriculture).2000.Organic Agriculture and the mogs:
Impacts Reported http//www.usda.gov/news/release.
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
25
APPENDIX A
Letter to Respondents
Republic of the Philippines
Benguet
State
University
COLLEGE
OF
AGRICULTURE
La
Trinidad,Benguet
Dear Respondent,
I am a 4th year B.S Agriculture student of Benguet State University and
conducting a study on Perception of the Farmers on Organic Farming in
Bangao,Buguias,Benguet as my thesis. The purpose of the study is to determine the
perception of farmers on organic farming.
In this connection, I would like to request you to answer the questionnaire
correctly rest assured that any information will be treated with strict confidence
Respectfully yours,
RODEL P. BATONAN
Researcher
Noted:
HILARIO C. PEREZ
Adviser
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
26
APPENDIX B
Survey
Questionnaire
PERCEPTION OF FARMER ON ORGANIC VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN
BANGAO, BUGUIAS, BENGUET
Name: ___________ Age: _____ Gender ( ) Male ( ) Female
Civil Status ( ) Single ( ) Married ( ) Separated ( ) Widowed
Sitio: ________
Highest Educational Attainment
( ) Elementary level ( ) High school ( ) College level ( ) Post graduate
No. of years in farming: _________
Total area for farming: ________
What vegetable do you produce?
( ) Cabbage () Beans ( ) Chayote ( ) potato ( ) Pechay () Peas
( ) Others (specify) ____________
I. What definition would apply most to your understanding of what organic farming is?
( ) farming without the use of commercial pesticides and fertilizers
( ) farming with the use of organic fertilizers only
( ) farming with the use of organic pesticides only
( ) farming that minimizes the use of synthetic chemicals
( ) Others definition_________
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
27
II. Rate your knowledge on organic farming
VERY
HIGH MODERATE
LOW
NO
HIGH
(4)
(3)
(2)
KNOWLEDGE
(5)
(1)
Organic farming
is effective pest
control
Organic farming
is effective in soil
fertilization
III. Perception on organic farming
Please put a check mark on the corresponding rating on the items to indicate your
perception on organic farming.
A. PERCEPTION ON THE AVAILABILITY OF ORGANIC MATERIAL
PARTICULARS DISAGREE
AGREE
Farm wastes can be process as fertilizer.
Animal wastes(unprocessed)can be readily/directly
applied to the soil
Soil microorganisms are more active in soil applied
with organic fertilizer than applied synthetic
Organic Fertilizers improve the physiochemical
characteristics of the soil
Organic fertilizers has a very slow effect on the crops
performances
The conversion period of organic farming is 3-5
years.
B. SOCIO ECONOMICS PERCEPTION ON ORGANIC FARMING
PARTICULARS DISAGREE
AGREE
Organic farming is expensive
Preparation of organic input is laborious and time
consuming
Lower yield is obtained with organic farming during
the conversion period
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
28
PARTICULARS DISAGREE
AGREE
Land/use farm resources is maximized with organic
farming
Optimum production levels is obtained with organic
farming
Organically produced products demands higher price
Organically product produced is hard to sell
Conversion to organic farming does not give
economic rewards to farmers.
C. ENVIRONMENTAL PERCEPTION ON ORGANIC FARMING
PARTICULARS DISAGREE
AGREE
Organic farming promotes cleaner/safer environment
by minimizing air, soil and water pollution
Organic farming produce safer food products
Soil fertility is enhanced in organic farming
Organic farming helps balance the ecosystem
Organic farming promotes sustainable agriculture
Organic products are healthier because of the presence
of natural nutrients.
Organic farming promotes good human and animal
health.
IV. What are the constraints in adapting organic farming?
( ) Requires considerably more skills and knowledge
( ) More labor/work- intensive
( ) Less production
( ) certification of organic produce
( ) Lack of available materials for production on organic fertilizer
( ) Others (specify) _____________________________________
Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias,
Benguet / Rodel P. Batonan. 2012
Document Outline
- Perception of Farmers on Organic FarminginBangao, Buguias, Benguet
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- METHODOLOGY
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- LITERATURE CITED
- APPENDIX